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Jacobson, A. G., and A. K. Sater. "Features of embryonic induction." Development 104, no. 3 (November 1, 1988): 341–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.104.3.341.
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The patterned distribution of different organs in the amphibian embryo begins with the establishment of two domains, the animal and vegetal regions, that differ in developmental potency. Differences amplify as inductive interactions occur across boundaries between areas of different potency. Embryonic induction establishes a temporally and spatially dynamic area of developmental potency - a morphogenetic field. The final arrangement and differentiation of cell types within the field emerge from subsequent interactions occurring primarily within the field. These principles are illustrated in a review of the induction of the lens and the heart. Recent studies show that the induction of the lens of the eye and the induction of the heart begin early in development. Most of lens inductions occurs before the formation of the optic vesicle, and the heart appears to be part of a complex of dorsal structures whose formation is dependent upon the establishment of the dorsoventral axis. Suppressive as well as inductive tissue interactions occur during the determination of both of these organs, affecting their position and time of appearance. The complex processes of induction defined by the past nine decades of experimental work present many challenging questions that can now be addressed, especially in terms of the molecular events, cellular behaviour and regulatory physiology of the responding tissue.
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Redžić, D. V. "Maxwell's inductions from Faraday's induction law." European Journal of Physics 39, no. 2 (February 16, 2018): 025205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/aa9ec4.
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Schatz, Jonathan, Nadia Stennes-Spidahl, Samantha Mills, and Aaron J. Loehrlein. "Bibliographic Induction: How KO Systems Optimize Browsing by Supporting Library Users' Prior Knowledge." NASKO 4, no. 1 (October 31, 2013): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/nasko.v4i1.14657.
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<p>We investigate category-based induction as an aspect of browsing a library collection. Category-based induction is one of the primary uses of categories that are stored in memory. Knowledge organizing systems represent concepts in broadly the same way as models of category-based induction. Accordingly, it is reasonable to suppose that knowledge organizing systems facilitate category-based inductions about the collections that they organize. The processes of familiarization<em> </em>and differentiation<em> </em>are key aspects of browsing (Ellis 1989). Intuitively, these approaches appear to involve category-based induction in a bibliographic context. By examining<em> </em>induction, we hope to shed new light on the role of knowledge organizing systems in shaping browsing behavior. We also seek to investigate the viability of using inductive confidence as a dependent variable in assessing the utility of a KOS. A system that supports induction is potentially of great benefit to people seeking to browse a collection, whether the collection exists virtually or is part of a library’s physical stacks.</p>
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Hutter, H., and R. Schnabel. "Specification of anterior-posterior differences within the AB lineage in the C. elegans embryo: a polarising induction." Development 121, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 1559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.5.1559.
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In a C. elegans embryo the third cleavages of descendants of the anterior blastomere AB of the 2-cell stage create pairs of blastomeres that develop differently. By laser ablation experiments we show that the fates of all the posterior daughters of this division depend on an induction occurring three cleavages before these blastomeres are born. The time of induction precludes a direct effect on cell fate. Alternatively, we suggest that the induction creates a heritable cell polarity which is propagated through several divisions. We suggest a model to demonstrate how a signal could be propagated through several rounds of cell division. An important implication of our observations is that this early induction acts to specify blastomere identity, not tissue type. A detailed lineage analysis revealed that altering the inductive signal alters complex lineage patterns as a whole. The induction described here, together with two inductions described previously can be used to illustrate how the anterior portion of the C. elegans embryo can be successively subdivided into blastomeres with unique developmental potential.
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Johansson, Lars-Göran. "Induction and Epistemological Naturalism." Philosophies 3, no. 4 (October 18, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies3040031.
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Epistemological naturalists reject the demand for a priori justification of empirical knowledge; no such thing is possible. Observation reports, being the foundation of empirical knowledge, are neither justified by other sentences, nor certain; but they may be agreed upon as starting points for inductive reasoning and they function as implicit definitions of predicates used. Making inductive generalisations from observations is a basic habit among humans. We do that without justification, but we have strong intuitions that some inductive generalisations will fail, while for some other we have better hopes. Why? This is the induction problem according to Goodman. He suggested that some predicates are projectible when becoming entrenched in language. This is a step forward, but not entirely correct. Inductions result in universally generalised conditionals and these contain two predicates, one in the antecedent, one in the consequent. Counterexamples to preliminary inductive generalisations can be dismissed by refining the criteria of application for these predicates. This process can be repeated until the criteria for application of the predicate in the antecedent includes the criteria for the predicate in the consequent, in which case no further counterexample is possible. If that is the case we have arrived at a law. Such laws are implicit definitions of theoretical predicates. An accidental generalisation has not this feature, its predicates are unrelated. Laws are said to be necessary, which may be interpreted as ‘“Laws” are necessarily true’. ‘Necessarily true’ is thus a semantic predicate, not a modal operator. In addition, laws, being definitions, are necessarily true in the sense of being necessary assumptions for further use of the predicates implicitly defined by such laws. Induction, when used in science, is thus our way of inventing useful scientific predicates; it is a heuristic, not an inference principle.
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Sterkenburg, Tom F. "THE META-INDUCTIVE JUSTIFICATION OF INDUCTION." Episteme 17, no. 4 (February 7, 2019): 519–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2018.52.
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ABSTRACTI evaluate Schurz's proposed meta-inductive justification of induction, a refinement of Reichenbach's pragmatic justification that rests on results from the machine learning branch of prediction with expert advice.My conclusion is that the argument, suitably explicated, comes remarkably close to its grand aim: an actual justification of induction. This finding, however, is subject to two main qualifications, and still disregards one important challenge.The first qualification concerns the empirical success of induction. Even though, I argue, Schurz's argument does not need to spell out what inductive method actually consists in, it does need to postulate that there is something like the inductive or scientific prediction strategy that has so far been significantly more successful than alternative approaches. The second qualification concerns the difference between having a justification for inductive method and for sticking with induction for now. Schurz's argument can only provide the latter. Finally, the remaining challenge concerns the pool of alternative strategies, and the relevant notion of a meta-inductivist's optimality that features in the analytic step of Schurz's argument. Building on the work done here, I will argue in a follow-up paper that the argument needs a stronger dynamic notion of a meta-inductivist's optimality.
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Buntine, Wray. "Inductive knowledge acquisition and induction methodologies." Knowledge-Based Systems 2, no. 1 (March 1989): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(89)90008-7.
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Yagola, G. K., D. R. Vasil'ev, and Yu I. Kazantsev. "Hyperconducting inductive measure of magnetic induction." Measurement Techniques 28, no. 5 (May 1985): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00864929.
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Philp, Cassie, Barbara Geller, and Fiona Alexander. "Psychiatric Induction Programme in Fife." BJPsych Open 8, S1 (June 2022): S170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.475.
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AimsTo improve the Psychiatry induction for DiTs in Fife.MethodsThe purpose of induction is to provide Doctors in Training (DiT) with a smooth, supported transition between roles. Delivered well, it will promote confidence and also provide a thorough grounding in the key requirements of the role and clarity regarding sources of help.A recent report, commissioned by the GMC, identified the key areas which should be covered in induction. The findings demonstrated a clear link between inadequate inductions to the impact on doctors’ well-being and patient safety issues.A questionnaire was issued to DiTs completing Psychiatry inductions in August and December 2021. Questions focused on the following key areas highlighted in the GMC report: •Gaining access to workplace settings and systems•Physical orientation of workplace•Team inductions•Daytime role and out of hours working and rotas.•Familiarisation with common cases/procedures that doctors may deal with in this speciality: risk management, use of the MHAResultsQuestionnaire Results: Key Issues highlightedAugust 2021 •FY2 to ST6 inducted together: differing experience levels•Differences in site inductions (psychiatry is spread across 3 hospitals in Fife)•Issues obtaining swipe cards/keys•IT access for emails and various computer systems delayed•Computer systems training not doneDecember 2021 •Lack of psychiatry experience of FY2s•Continued IT access issues initiallyConclusionIn September 2021, a working group was established comprising DiT representatives and those responsible for induction. The August 2021 results were disseminated and key improvements were identified in areas covered by the clinical induction: •An improved induction check list universal for all sites.•Induction documents for each role detailing responsibilities and useful information.•Integration of IT training.The December results highlighted improvements in many areas but continued a theme of concerns for FY2s starting in Psychiatry. The transition to this speciality is a significant adjustment as it operates differently to most specialities, requiring different skills and knowledge.Plans have been made to provide simulation events which would give DiTs practical experience in a safe environment of various topics e.g., risk management in psychiatry. Additionally, there are plans to revise induction for speciality trainees.
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Kalkanis, G., and G. V. Conroy. "Principles of induction and approaches to attribute based induction." Knowledge Engineering Review 6, no. 4 (December 1991): 307–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900005920.
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AbstractThis paper presents a survey of machine induction, studied mainly from the field of artificial intelligence, but also from the fields of pattern recognition and cognitive psychology. The paper consists of two parts: Part I discusses the basic principles and features of the machine induction process; Part II uses these principles and features to review and criticize the major supervised attribute-based induction methods. Attribute-based induction has been chosen because it is the most commonly used inductive approach in the development of expert systems and pattern recognition models.
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Nedeljković, Mitar. "The problem of justifying inductive reasoning." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 51, no. 2 (2021): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp51-30620.
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In this paper, the author considers the classical strategies of defense from Hume's argument against induction, and assesses the extent to which they were found to be successful. Synthetic, linguistic, a priori, pragmatic, and inductive strategies of defending induction are considered, as well as the question of the extent to which the justification of induction is a problem for grounding scientific knowledge. A new argument is introduced for the a priori justification of induction, as well as a critique of the synthetic and inductive defenses of induction by Black and Jacquette.
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Baranova, Maria V., Aleksei M. Ksenofontov, E. V. Shestak, and Uliana A. Vagushchenko. "Prospects for induction of labor with oxytocin within 12 hours (perinatal center experience)." Perm Medical Journal 41, no. 1 (January 15, 2024): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj411114-119.
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Objective. Demonstrate the expediency and effectiveness of labor induction for more than 6 hours (up to 12 hours of the latent phase).
Materials and methods. A cohort, descriptive, single-center study was conducted. The effectiveness of labor induction with oxytocin for more than 6 hours was estimated. The birth medical histories of 3265 patients of SBHI of Sverdlovsk Region "Yekaterinburg Regional Perinatal Center" from January 2020 to December 2022, who underwent pre-induction and induction of labor, were analyzed.
Results. The group of patients, who underwent induction of labor with oxytocin, was 2261 cases. In 1269 (56.13 %) patients, vaginal delivery occurred after less than 6 hours of labor induction with oxytocin. In 992 patients (43.87 %) induction of labor with oxytocin was continued for more than 6 hours. Only 320 labors resulted in abdominal delivery due to ineffective labor induction, which amounted to 32.3 % (of the number of labor inductions with oxytocin for more than 6 hours) and 14.2 % (of the total number of labor inductions with oxytocin).
Conclusions. Induction of labor with oxytocin for more than 6 hours (up to 12 hours of the latent phase) is reasonable and effective. It allows to avoid abdominal delivery in up to 30 % of patients of the study group.
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Apostolidis, Panos, Xueyan Liu, Cor Kasbergen, A. Tom Scarpas, and Martinus van de Ven. "Toward the Design of an Induction Heating System for Asphalt Pavements with the Finite Element Method." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2633, no. 1 (January 2017): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2633-16.
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Induction technology was introduced to the paving industry to assist pavement operations by heating asphalt layers efficiently from the surface. Many experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of inductive particles on the heating efficiency of asphalt mixes. However, research is limited on the quantification of design, the operational factors, and the associated degree of heat generation of induction treatment. This study assessed the hypothesis that different systems of induction coils provoke different levels of heat generation within an inductive asphalt layer. First, a three-dimensional induction heating finite element model was developed to evaluate the design and effect of operational factors for a static single-turn induction coil system. The electrical conductivity values of the material in the inductive asphalt pavement were calibrated with a laboratory-scale induction device. Moving induction systems were analyzed with different operational conditions considered. The supplied power and the traveling speed of the induction system appeared to be the most influential operational factors for the development of a quick and highly efficient system. The developed model creates an opportunity to apply these analyses to asphalt pavements to optimize the technology in situ.
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Gergely, Raphael. "Investigation of Induction Heating for Sheet Metal with Moving Induction Coil." International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications 13, no. 4 (2024): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeetc.13.4.317-322.
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The efficiency of induction heating is highly dependent on the coil geometry and the air gap between the coil and the workpiece, therefore the aim of this research is to experimentally evaluate the efficiency and uniformity of temperature distribution in induction heating, utilizing an inductor coil, movable in three axes. The experiment is conducted under the condition that the inductor coil is not tailored for the specific workpiece, giving it a higher flexibility compared to the conventional application of induction heating. To achieve this objective, a downscaled test bench was designed, employing a CNC machine for execution. In addition, in this study, a second test bench was built to establish an analytical approach in determining the parameter field between power, air gap and efficiency. The steady-state conditions in this test bench allowed the closure of the energy balances to be calculated analytically, allowing immediate validation of the accuracy of the results. This parameter field was utilized to evaluate the outcomes of the moving inductor experiments.
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Schurz, Gerhard. "Meta-Induction and Social Epistemology: Computer Simulations of Prediction Games." Episteme 6, no. 2 (June 2009): 200–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1742360009000641.
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ABSTRACTThe justification of induction is of central significance for cross-cultural social epistemology. Different ‘epistemological cultures’ do not only differ in their beliefs, but also in their belief-forming methods and evaluation standards. For an objective comparison of different methods and standards, one needs (meta-)induction over past successes. A notorious obstacle to the problem of justifying induction lies in the fact that the success of object-inductive prediction methods (i.e., methods applied at the level of events) can neither be shown to be universally reliable (Hume's insight) nor to be universally optimal. My proposal towards a solution of the problem of induction is meta-induction. The meta-inductivist applies the principle of induction to all competing prediction methods that are accessible to her. By means of mathematical analysis and computer simulations of prediction games I show that there exist meta-inductive prediction strategies whose success is universally optimal among all accessible prediction strategies, modulo a small short-run loss. The proposed justification of meta-induction is mathematically analytical. It implies, however, an a posteriori justification of object-induction based on the experiences in our world. In the final section I draw conclusions about the significance of meta-induction for the social spread of knowledge and the cultural evolution of cognition, and I relate my results to other simulation results which utilize meta-inductive learning mechanisms.
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van der Griend, Benjamin FH, Annabelle R. Vincent, and R. Ross Kennedy. "Observational audit of sevoflurane consumption during paediatric anaesthesia." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 47, no. 3 (May 2019): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x19841008.
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There is a recognition of the contribution to global warming from emissions of anaesthetic gases into the atmosphere. We audited sevoflurane use to help guide future initiatives to reduce consumption. We observed sevoflurane use during paediatric anaesthesia in a single operating theatre over eight weeks. We recorded demographics, timing of induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, type of circuit used and amount of liquid sevoflurane used (in mL). Ninety-four cases were available for analysis. Of these, 65 had gas inductions and 29 had intravenous (IV) inductions. The median sevoflurane use was 19 mL (interquartile range, IQR 13–24 mL). The median duration of cases was 50.5 min (IQR 35–78 min). The median sevoflurane consumption for cases with a gas induction was 22 mL (IQR 16–26 mL) and for those with an IV induction was 11 mL (IQR 7–17 mL; P < 0.00001). The duration of cases for the gas and IV induction cohorts were similar. During maintenance of anaesthesia, there was no difference between the IV and gas induction cohorts. There was little difference in sevoflurane use between the T-piece and circle system groups. Cases performed with gas inductions consumed twice the sevoflurane as those with IV inductions. Future interventions to reduce sevoflurane consumption should focus on this period.
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Jacquette, Dale. "How (Not) to Justify Induction." KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 1, no. 24 (January 1, 2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2011-012402.
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Abstract A conceptual analysis of the problem of induction suggests that the difficulty of justifying probabilistic reasoning depends on a mistaken comparison between deductive and inductive inference. Inductive reasoning is accordingly thought to stand in need of special justification because it does not measure up to the standard of conditional absolute certainty guaranteed by deductive validity. When comparison is made, however, it appears that deductive reasoning is subject to a counterpart argument that is just as threatening to the justification of deductive as to inductive inference. Trying to explain induction in such a way that it satisfies a special justificatory requirement in contrast with deduction is therefore not the way to justify induction. An alternative approach is sought in a style of justification developed by Aristotle for the law of noncontradiction and by Kant for the conclusions of transcendental reasoning that with variations can be used to justify both deduction and induction. This strategy upholds a principle when the principle must be presupposed even to raise doubts about the principle's justification.
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Hutter, H., and R. Schnabel. "Establishment of left-right asymmetry in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo: a multistep process involving a series of inductive events." Development 121, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 3417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.10.3417.
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Bilateral pairs of blastomeres derived from the founder cell AB, the anterior blastomere of the 2-cell stage, in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo are initially equivalent in their developmental potential. Recently, we showed that an induction at the 12-cell stage by a blastomere called MS is necessary to establish the differences between left and right pairs of blastomeres in the anterior part of the embryo. Further analysis of the process of creating left-right asymmetry reveals that the induction at the 12-cell stage is only the first of a series of inductions establishing the left-right asymmetry of the embryo. We describe here two further inductions that create additional asymmetries in the posterior part of the embryo. One induction occurs at the 24-cell stage among AB descendants themselves. This induction is restricted to the left side of the embryo as a consequence of the fate changes induced by MS at the 12-cell stage. The second induction requires again blastomeres of the MS lineage and also occurs around the 24-cell stage. Together these inductions establish the fate differences observed in the development of left-right pairs of blastomeres in the embryo.
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Sridha, C. B., Sulochana Dash, and Shoba K. "Effect of Auto-Co-Induction of Propofol on Total Induction Dose and Haemodynamics." Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 4, no. 2 (Part-2) (2017): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.42(pt-ii)17.29.
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Hawthorne, James. "Bayesian Induction Is Eliminative Induction." Philosophical Topics 21, no. 1 (1993): 99–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtopics19932117.
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Klotz, Frederick S. "Turtle Graphics and Mathematical Induction." Mathematics Teacher 80, no. 8 (November 1987): 636–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.80.8.0636.
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Although induction is widely used in mathematics, it is a difficult concept to explain in the classroom. For students who have had little experience with inductive thinking, inductive proofs can appear somewhat arbitrary and unconvincing.
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Hutter, H., and R. Schnabel. "glp-1 and inductions establishing embryonic axes in C. elegans." Development 120, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 2051–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.7.2051.
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Two successive inductions specify blastomere identities, that is complex cell lineages and not specific tissues, in a major part of the early C. elegans embryo. The first induction acts along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo and the second along the left-right axis. During the first induction a specific lineage program is induced in the posterior of the two AB blastomeres present in the four cell embryo. During the second induction, almost all of the left-right differences of the embryo are specified by interactions between a single signalling blastomere, MS, and the AB blastomeres that surround it. In both cases the inductions break the equivalence of pairs of blastomeres. The inductions correlate with the cell-cell contacts to the inducing blastomeres. The stereotype cleavage patterns of the early embryo results in invariant cell-cell contacts that guarantee the specificity of the inductions. Both inductions are affected in embryos mutant for glp-1 suggesting that in both cases glp-1 is involved in the reception of the signal.
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White, Roger. "THE PROBLEM OF THE PROBLEM OF INDUCTION." Episteme 12, no. 2 (June 2015): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2015.9.
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AbstractTo solve the problem of induction we had first better know what it is. Some ways of formulating the worry about induction are underwhelming as they depend on assumptions that don't survive much scrutiny. Perhaps the most disturbing argument for inductive skepticism appeals to the claim that we could not possibly be justified in taking our inductive methods to be reliable independently of our use of those methods. And the use of inductive methods cannot give us justification to suppose that they are reliable. I argue for a new way to escape the first horn of this dilemma.
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Oh, Myoung-don, Debra P. Merrill, and Martin S. Hirsch. "Induction and Maintenance Treatment Regimens for HIV-1 Infection in Vitro." Antiviral Therapy 4, no. 1 (January 1999): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965359900400104.
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Can aggressive anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) induction regimens be simplified after sufficient virus suppression is achieved? In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that aggressive induction regimens could be followed by less aggressive maintenance regimens. A clinical HIV-1 isolate and lymphoblastoid cell line (H9) were employed. Virus multiplicities were varied, as were drug inhibitory concentrations (IC90, IC99) and induction periods (1, 2 and 3 weeks) of a three-drug regimen (zidovudine plus lamivudine and indinavir), following which maintenance regimens (no drug, zidovudine alone, indinavir alone, zidovudine plus lamivudine) were employed. After 1 week inductions at IC99 concentrations, viral rebound occurred on none or one-drug maintenance regimens but not on a two-drug regimen. After 2 week inductions, viral rebound occurred with no-drug maintenance, but not with one- and two-drug regimens. After 3 week inductions, viral rebound did not occur in zero-, one-, or two-drug maintenance regimens, although HIV-1 DNA persisted in cultured cells. These studies suggest that although some induction–maintenance regimens will fail, after a sufficient period of HIV-1 suppression with a three-drug antiretroviral regimen, maintenance on fewer drugs may be feasible.
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Li, Yong, Xiong Liang, Zhao Dong Wang, Jia Dong Li, and Tian Liang Fu. "Study on Three Dimensional Direct Coupling Simulation of Induction Heating for Hot Stamping." Advanced Materials Research 1063 (December 2014): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.280.
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As to the conventional hot stamping furnance’s shortcomings of long heating time, easy oxidized, high energy consumption, the application of induction heating for hot stamping were studied. By using COMSOL Multiphysics software, we calculated the electromagnetic induction field and temperature field by use of the direct coupling (Direct Coupling Method) in the heating process of hot forming sheet and studied the influence of inductor device parameters (such as induction length, distance between inductor and sheet etc.) and various process parameters (such as the power supply frequency, current density, sheet thickness etc.) on heating rate and temperature distribution. That will have a good guidance on the application of induction heating to hot stamping field.
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Stupin, A. O., D. V. Rogova, E. A. Nozdrenko, V. V. Kukartsev, A. I. Cherepanov, and A. E. Stashkevich. "Design of inductors for the installation of induction soldering of pipeline joints in the oil and gas industry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 042017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/4/042017.
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Abstract The article discusses the use of induction brazing for connecting oil and gas pipelines. The rationale for the choice of induction brazing in the oil and gas industry is considered. The work calculates the main parameters of the inductor. On the basis of calculations, using a mathematical apparatus, a schematic diagram of an inductor with a diameter of 90 mm is created for installing induction soldering. It is proposed to use and develop inductors of various diameters (60, 90 and 135 mm) to create an induction unit that allows connecting pipelines of oil and gas equipment in order to increase the reliability of equipment and the efficiency of oil and gas production and processing.
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GHERMAN, Laurian. "TWO FLUXES MULTISTAGE INDUCTION COILGUN." Review of the Air Force Academy 13, no. 3 (December 16, 2015): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2015.13.3.7.
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Park, Seungbae. "The Anti-induction for Scientific Realism." Grazer Philosophische Studien 95, no. 3 (August 7, 2018): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-000044.
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In contemporary philosophy of science, the no-miracles argument and the pessimistic induction are regarded as the strongest arguments for and against scientific realism, respectively. In this paper, the author constructs a new argument for scientific realism, which he calls the anti-induction for scientific realism. It holds that, since past theories were false, present theories are true. The author provides an example from the history of science to show that anti-inductions sometimes work in science. The anti-induction for scientific realism has several advantages over the no-miracles argument as a positive argument for scientific realism.
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Hatef, Mohammad Mahdi. "Ontological Solutions to the Problem of Induction." Logos & Episteme 13, no. 1 (2022): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme20221314.
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The idea of the uniformity of nature, as a solution to the problem of induction, has at least two contemporary versions: natural kinds and natural necessity. Then there are at least three alternative ontological ideas addressing the problem of induction. In this paper, I articulate how these ideas are used to justify the practice of inductive inference, and compare them, in terms of their applicability, to see whether each of them is preferred in addressing the problem of induction. Given the variety of contexts in which inductive inferences are made, from natural science to social science and to everyday thinking, I suggest that no singular idea is absolutely preferred, and a proper strategy is probably to welcome the plurality of ideas helpful to induction, and to take pragmatic considerations into account, in order to judge in every single case.
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Farshchi Zarabi, Sara, Steven M. Chan, Vikas Gupta, Dina Khalaf, Andrzej Lutynski, Mark D. Minden, Amr Rostom, et al. "Remissions after Third Induction Chemotherapy for Primary Non-Responders with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Are Uncommon and Short-Lived." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2800.2800.
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Abstract The outcome of adult patients with AML who are primary non-responders to two courses of induction chemotherapy is poor. However, the utility of a 3rd induction for a select subgroup of these patients is uncertain. Here, we evaluated the rates of response and survival after a 3rd course of induction chemotherapy for primary non-responders with AML. We identified 98 patients from the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre between May 1999 and March 2015 who were non-responders to induction and reinduction chemotherapy. No-response to re-induction chemotherapy was defined according to the Revised Recommendations of the International Working Group for AML (JCO, 2003) as patients who survived > 7 days post re-induction and had persistent AML in blood or bone marrow (>5%). Median age was 58.3 years [range: 20-76.6]. 50 (51%) were male. 2% had favorable, 18% normal, 18% intermediate, and 48% adverse cytogenetics. 50% had de novo AML, 23% had AML secondary to MDS or MPN, and 17% had therapy-related AML. Induction chemotherapy consisted of "7+3" (n =88), Nove-HiDAC (n=1), Flag-Ida (n= 2), or similar variants (n=7). Reinduction chemotherapy consisted of Nove-HiDAC (n=70), Flag-Ida (n=7), "7+3" (n=1) or other similar variants (n =20). No patients received the same regimen for both induction and reinduction. Of the 98 primary non-responders, 15 received a 3rd induction regimen, while the others received supportive/palliative care ± low-dose chemotherapy (57 pts), or a non-induction clinical trial (26 pts). Average age was 56.4 (sd: 12.9) for patients who received supportive/palliative care and 47.0 (sd: 17.5) for patients who received a 3rd induction (p=0.008). Other baseline characteristics including gender, cytogenetic risk, marrow blast count post 2nd induction, and time between 1st and 2nd induction, did not differ between patients who did and did not receive a 3rd induction. Time to 3rd induction was a median of 54 days [range:36-126] from the start of the 2nd induction. Of the 15 third inductions, 7 were clinical trials evaluating novel agents in combination with induction chemotherapy, while the other 8 were combinations of standard chemotherapeutics (Flag-Ida n=1), AMSA+HiDAC (n=2), Daunorubicin+ HiDAC (n=1), Nove-HiDAC (n=4). Of the 15 patients who received a 3rd induction, 3 (20%) achieved a CR following Nove-HiDAC and Flag-Ida or AMSA+HiDAC chemotherapy, where the Ara-C was given as continuous infusion. 1 patient underwent allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) approximately 3.7 months after 3rd induction and remains alive 4.6 years post CR. 2 patients relapsed 2.3 and 4.7 months post CR without having received alloSCT. None of the 12 other patients responded to the 3rd induction and none had prolonged aplasia. 2 of 15 (13%) died during 3rd induction. Among the 83 patients who did not receive a 3rdinduction, 1 achieved a CR after a phase 1 clinical trial (MDM2 inhibitor) and remains in CR 3.6 years following an alloSCT. For patients who survived the immediate post induction period and were discharged from hospital median overall survival from the start of the 2nd induction did not differ between patients who did and did not receive a 3rd induction (276 days [range: 78-1304] vs 181.5 days [range: 47-1855] respectively p= 0.14). Median duration of hospital stay (including subsequent admissions) was longer for patients receiving a 3rd induction compared to those who did not (94 days following start of the 2nd induction [range: 47-169] vs 57 days [range: 51-181], respectively;(p= 0.003)). In summary, remissions after 3rd inductions for primary non-responders are uncommon, and short-lived, suggesting that 3rd inductions should be considered with caution and only when an SCT strategy is in place. Disclosures Gupta: Incyte Corporation: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Schuh:Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Yee:Novartis Canada: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Schimmer:Novartis: Honoraria.
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Hill, Carol. "Induction." Nursing Standard 1, no. 1 (January 1987): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.1.1.18.s54.
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Kan, Jack. "Induction." Anesthesia & Analgesia 134, no. 4 (March 7, 2022): 893–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000005698.
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Wu, Meagan, and Samuel T. Rodriguez. "Induction." Anesthesia & Analgesia 125, no. 2 (August 2017): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000001772.
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Samran, Santalunai, Thosdeekoraphat Thanaset, and Thongsopa Chanchai. "Thermal Analysis of Inductive Coils Array against Cylindrical Material Steel for Induction Heating Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 754–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.754.
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This paper presented the heating of inductive coil which is 3 elements array. The induction heating coil improve the variations heating that it is increased the system efficiency. By means of the inductive coil has the diameter of 2, 3 and 4 cm and divide the coil as 2 types. There are the inverses and reverse inductive coil arrays, with heating test by cylindrical steel material. Then, this paper considers the heating efficiency simulation of 2 types by CST EM studio 2009. In addition, the experimental of the inductor heating is use the full bridge inverter circuit, the power of 200 W at 28 kHz resonant frequency. Moreover, the distance between coils is coincided of simulation and experimental results, the inverse type at the diameter of 2 cm can be provide the maximum heater.
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Hanke, Miroslav. "Late Scholastic Analyses of Inductive Reasoning." Studia Neoaristotelica 17, no. 1 (2020): 35–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studneoar20201712.
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The late scholastic era was, among others, contemporary to the “emergence of probability”, the German academic philosophy from Leibniz to Kant, and the introduction of Newtonian physics. Within this era, two branches of the late-scholastic analysis of induction can be identified, one which can be thought of as a continual development of earlier scholastic approaches, while the other one absorbed influences of early modern philosophy, mathematics, and physics. Both branches of scholastic philosophy share the terminology of modalities, probability, and forms of (inductive) arguments. Furthermore, induction was commonly considered valid as a result of being a covert syllogism. Last but not least, there appears to be a difference in emphasis between the two traditions’ analyses of induction: while Tolomei discussed the theological presuppositions of induction, Amort’s “leges contingentium” exemplify the principles of induction by aleatory phenomena and Boscovich’s rules for inductive arguments are predominately concerned with the generalisation of macro-level observations to the micro-level.
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Perea, Andres. "Backward Induction versus Forward Induction Reasoning." Games 1, no. 3 (July 2, 2010): 168–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g1030168.
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Adamowicz, Zofia. "Restricted polynomial induction versus ordinary induction." Fundamenta Mathematicae 242, no. 1 (2018): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/fm323-10-2017.
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Vincent, Joris, and Steven L. Buck. "Is Brown Induction Just Brightness Induction?" Journal of Vision 16, no. 4 (February 12, 2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.4.30.
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D'Arcangelo, G., and S. Halegoua. "A branched signaling pathway for nerve growth factor is revealed by Src-, Ras-, and Raf-mediated gene inductions." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 6 (June 1993): 3146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.6.3146-3155.1993.
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A myriad of gene induction events underlie nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation of PC12 cells. To dissect the signal transduction pathways which lead to NGF actions, we have assessed the relative roles of NGF receptor, Src, Ras, and Raf activities in mediating specific gene inductions. We have used the PC12 cell line as well as sublines which inducibly express activated forms of either Src, Ras, or Raf or a dominant inhibitory form of Ras (p21N17 Ras) to study the expression of multiple NGF-inducible mRNAs. The NGF induction of NGFI-A, transin, and VGF mRNAs was mimicked by activated forms of Src, Ras, or Raf and was blocked by p21N17 Ras. The NGF induction of SCG10 mRNA was mimicked only by activated Src and Ras and was blocked by p21N17 Ras, while the induction of Thy-1 mRNA was mimicked only by activated Src and was not blocked by p21N17 Ras. The NGF induction of mRNAs for two sodium channel types was neither mimicked by any activated oncoprotein nor blocked by p21N17 Ras. From these and previous results, we suggest a model in which a linear order of NGF receptor, Src, Ras, and Raf activities is used by NGF to elicit gene inductions. These signaling components define branchpoints in the pathway to specific gene induction events, providing a mechanism for generating a host of diverse NGF actions.
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D'Arcangelo, G., and S. Halegoua. "A branched signaling pathway for nerve growth factor is revealed by Src-, Ras-, and Raf-mediated gene inductions." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 6 (June 1993): 3146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.6.3146.
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A myriad of gene induction events underlie nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation of PC12 cells. To dissect the signal transduction pathways which lead to NGF actions, we have assessed the relative roles of NGF receptor, Src, Ras, and Raf activities in mediating specific gene inductions. We have used the PC12 cell line as well as sublines which inducibly express activated forms of either Src, Ras, or Raf or a dominant inhibitory form of Ras (p21N17 Ras) to study the expression of multiple NGF-inducible mRNAs. The NGF induction of NGFI-A, transin, and VGF mRNAs was mimicked by activated forms of Src, Ras, or Raf and was blocked by p21N17 Ras. The NGF induction of SCG10 mRNA was mimicked only by activated Src and Ras and was blocked by p21N17 Ras, while the induction of Thy-1 mRNA was mimicked only by activated Src and was not blocked by p21N17 Ras. The NGF induction of mRNAs for two sodium channel types was neither mimicked by any activated oncoprotein nor blocked by p21N17 Ras. From these and previous results, we suggest a model in which a linear order of NGF receptor, Src, Ras, and Raf activities is used by NGF to elicit gene inductions. These signaling components define branchpoints in the pathway to specific gene induction events, providing a mechanism for generating a host of diverse NGF actions.
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Levshin, G. E. "Magnetization of ferromagnetic charge at induction heating." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 65, no. 2 (March 16, 2022): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-2-85-91.
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The article presents analysis of magnetization and heating of ferromagnetic charge in crucibles of induction furnaces of two types. In inductor furnaces, the charge is magnetized by a vertical electromagnetic flow, and in electromagnetic furnaces with a curved U-, C-, or O-shaped magnetic circuit (MPr) – by a horizontal flow. Knowledge of these largely general magnetization processes is insufficient. Bi magnetic induction in charge material is rather important. There are difficulties in determining this parameter during magnetization of a single piece of charge and other magnetic quantities associated with it: Bm induction and Nm strength of the demagnetizing field, N demagnetization coefficient, M magnetization, magnetic permeabilities of μi substance and μt body, km susceptibility, etc. Difficulties increase at magnetization, if it is a porous body with crucible volume of ~V t and a factor of filling with ferromagnetic pieces of this volume of Kv ≤ 0.5. It also creates a demagnetizing field with Bmt induction and Hmt strength. Beyond that, pores have an additional demagnetizing effect. Therefore, the induction Вiт in a porous body is less than the induction Вi in a solid one. To compare magnetization of ferromagnetic charge with horizontal and vertical flows with frequency of 50 Hz, modeling experiments were carried out with the samples of DSL08 unconsolidated shot from high-carbon steel (GOST 11964 – 83) with Kv ≈ 0.53. The samples were placed in the inductor and between the poles of a U-shaped core piece. Induction was measured by a cylindrical and flat probe unit of Sh1-15 militeslameter in air and in the sample. An advantage of electromagnetic furnace over an inductor one is more uniform distribution of Bi induction in charge and its significant excess (1.7 times) over the Be induction in a furnace working cavity, which indicates more efficient use of electromagnetic energy in this furnace during heating. The author proposed to control Вi induction when heating the charge by the ammeter-voltmeter method using measuring coil made of heat-resistant wire.
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Reddy, Uma, Chun-Chih Huang, Rita Driggers, Helain Landy, Katherine Grantz, and Jasbir Singh. "Racial/Ethnic Differences in Labor Induction in a Contemporary US Cohort: A Retrospective Cohort Study." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 04 (October 24, 2017): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607285.
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Objective To examine labor induction by race/ethnicity and factors associated with disparity in induction. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of 143,634 women eligible for induction ≥24 weeks' gestation from 12 clinical centers (2002–2008). Rates of labor induction for each racial/ethnic group were calculated and stratified by gestational age intervals: early preterm (240/7–336/7), late preterm (340/7–366/7), and term (370/7–416/7 weeks). Multivariable logistic regression examined the association between maternal race/ethnicity and induction controlling for maternal characteristics and pregnancy complications. The primary outcome was rate of induction by race/ethnicity. Inductions that were indicated, non-medically indicated, or without recorded indication were also compared. Results Non-Hispanic black (NHB) women had the highest percentage rate of induction, 44.6% (p < 0.001). After adjustment, all racial/ethnic groups had lower odds of induction compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) women. At term, NHW women had the highest percentage rate (45.4%) of non-medically indicated or induction with no indication (p < 0.001). Conclusion Compared with other racial/ethnic groups, NHW women were more likely to undergo non-medically indicated induction at term. As labor induction may avoid the occurrence of stillbirth, whether this finding explains part of the increased risk of stillbirth for NHB women at term merits further research.
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Zhang, Xiuren, David G. Himelrick, Floyd M. Woods, and Robert C. Ebel. "Effect of Temperature, Photoperiod, and Pretreatment Growing Condition on Floral Induction in Spring-bearing Strawberry." HortScience 35, no. 4 (July 2000): 556B—556a. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.556b.
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`Chandler' strawberry plants (Fragaria Xananassa Duch.) were greenhouse grown under natural lighting and then placed into growth chambers at two constant temperatures of 16 and 26 °C and 2 daylengths of 9 h (SD) and 9-h photoperiod (NI) which was night interrupted with 3 hours of incandescent radiation at 30-45 μmol·s-1·m-2 PAR. Plants were given different numbers of inductive cycles in growth chambers and then moved to the greenhouse. Flowering and growth were monitored. Flowering was completely inhibited at 26 °C, regardless of pretreatment growing conditions such as pot sizes and plant ages, photoperiod, and inductive cycles. At 16 °C, SD promoted floral induction compared to NI under all inductive cycles except a 7-day induction. The minimum number of inductive cycles required at 16 °C for floral induction was dependent on photoperiod and prior greenhouse treatment. Flowering rate was also affected by greenhouse treatment, photoperiod, and inductive cycles. Runner production was affected by photoperiod and temperature × inductive cycle.
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Min, Jinkun, Guangyu Zhu, Yidan Yuan, and Jingquan Liu. "COMSOL Simulation for Design of Induction Heating System in VULCAN Facility." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2021 (August 19, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9922503.
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The experimental facility VULCAN was setup to study the fuel-coolant interaction (FCI) phenomena in a postulated severe accident of light water reactors. The heating system is important for the facility to prepare molten material in a crucible. This article is concerned with the design of the heating system, which applies electromagnetic induction heating method. The COMSOL code was employed to simulate the induction heating characteristics of a graphite crucible under different current and frequency of the work coil (inductor). Given a frequency, the relationship between the crucible’s average temperature and the inductor’s current is obtained, which is instrumental to select the power supply of the induction heating system. Meanwhile, the skin effect of induction heating is analyzed to guide the choice of frequency and inductor of the heating system. According to the simulation results, the induction heating system of frequency 47 kHz is suitable for the experiment, with a good agreement in temperature between the measured and the predicted.
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Parent, Ted. "NOTE ON INDUCTION." Think 12, no. 33 (2013): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175612000322.
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Some logic textbooks say, as if it were the received wisdom, that inductive arguments are partly defined by the thinker's intentions. The claim is that an inductive argument is one where the premises are intended to make the conclusion likely. This contrasts with a deductive argument, where the premises are intended to entail the conclusion. However, since entailing is one way of making more likely, a further way to distinguish induction is needed. The addition offered is that the premises are not intended to entail the conclusion. Taken together, the result is: (1) An argument is inductive if the premises are (a) intended to make the conclusion likely, but (b) not intended to entail the conclusion.
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Nelson, John O. "Induction: A Non-Sceptical Humean Solution." Philosophy 67, no. 261 (July 1992): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100040432.
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Pre-analytically at least some of our inductions seem to be possessed of rational justification. This comment would apply, for instance, to my present induction, ‘If that climber high on the Flatirons falls he will be killed,’ not to mention such more momentous inductions as, ‘If a full-scale nuclear war breaks out there will be greater destruction than in World War II.’ Notoriously, however, a few Humean reflections seem to strip even the most plausible of our inductions of all possible rational justification, leaving them mere bare psychological faits accomplis: in effect, section V of the Enquiry's ‘Sceptical Solution of these Doubts.’
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Verhoeven, Corine J., Cedric T. van Uytrecht, Martina M. Porath, and Ben Willem J. Mol. "Risk Factors for Cesarean Delivery following Labor Induction in Multiparous Women." Journal of Pregnancy 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/820892.
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Objective. To identify potential risk factors for cesarean delivery following labor induction in multiparous women at term.Methods. We conducted a retrospective case-control study. Cases were parous women in whom the induction of labor had resulted in a cesarean delivery. For each case, we used the data of two successful inductions as controls. Successful induction was defined as a vaginal delivery after the induction of labor. The study was limited to term singleton pregnancies with a child in cephalic position.Results. Between 1995 and 2010, labor was induced in 2548 parous women, of whom 80 had a cesarean delivery (3%). These 80 cases were compared to the data of 160 parous women with a successful induction of labor. In the multivariate analysis history of preterm delivery (odds ratio (OR) 5.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 25)), maternal height (OR 0.87 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.95)) and dilatation at the start of induction (OR 0.43 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.98)) were associated with failed induction.Conclusion. In multiparous women, the risk of cesarean delivery following labor induction increases with previous preterm delivery, short maternal height, and limited dilatation at the start of induction.
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Davies, Sian, Vicki Ibbett, Katherine Hubbard, Ella Kulman, Shay-Anne Pantall, and Ruth Scally. "Improving Trainee Knowledge of Raising Concerns: A Trainee-Led Session at Induction for Postgraduate Doctors in Training." BJPsych Open 9, S1 (July 2023): S17—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.119.
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AimsAs part of a wider Quality Improvement Project aiming to improve trainees’ experiences with ‘Raising Concerns’ in a large mental health trust, we sought to improve induction processes to make information on raising concerns more accessible when starting a new post. Based on change ideas generated from our driver diagram, peer-delivered information was identified as a useful tool, so a trainee-led session was introduced to the induction programme.MethodsA 60-minute trainee-led session was integrated into the induction programme for Postgraduate Doctors in Training in August 2022. The session included sections on raising concerns, on-call advice and rota information. Following the induction, as part of our “Plan, Do, Study, Act” (PDSA) cycle, we sent a questionnaire to gather data from trainees, which covered quantitative measures, including overall helpfulness of the session and effectiveness of information on ‘raising concerns’, and qualitative feedback for how to improve the session. The session was replicated at both the December 2022 and February 2023 inductions, incorporating the feedback from each previous session.ResultsOn a 1-5 scale (5 = strongly agree), the average response for how helpful the trainee-led induction session was 4.5 from both the August and December 2022 inductions. 4 out of 6 responders from the August 2022 induction specifically mentioned the information on raising concerns as being particularly helpful. There was also feedback on improvements that could be introduced, such as increasing the amount of time for the session to allow for more questions. When asked to rate the helpfulness of the ‘raising concerns’ section, the average response was 4.83 and 4.50 for August and December 2022 inductions, respectively. Following the feedback from August 2022, we implemented changes to increase the duration to 90 minutes and include trainee reps in a separate ‘Question and Answer’ session. Unfortunately, there were only 2 responders to the December 2022 questionnaire due to a small intake, so we will evaluate data from February 2023 induction to analyse the effectiveness of changes made to the session and assess the need for further improvements.ConclusionOverall, the response to our trainee-led induction session has been positive, with good feedback both for the whole session and specifically relating to ‘raising concerns’. It has highlighted trainees’ appreciation for peer-delivered information and the need for more time in this session. The questionnaire from February 2023 induction will give more data on whether our improvements have been effective and provide ideas for future PDSA cycles.
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Tanwar, Meenakshi, Anjali Choudhary, and Shweta Mishra. "Analysis of labor induction in a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 4627. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204823.
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Background: Induction of labour (IOL) is a very common labour room procedure. Although labor is a natural physiological process, deliberate intervention in the form of induction may be required in many instances. It is needed in almost 20% of pregnant women for a variety of indications. The objective is to evaluate indications, different methods, and feto-maternal outcome of induced labour in tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was a retrospective study of IOL conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Shri Guru Ram Rai institute of medical and health sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Women who underwent IOL beyond 28 weeks gestation with single cephalic presentation with no contraindication for vaginal birth were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done with Microsoft excel.Results: A total of 1532 women delivered in the hospital during the study period. Among them, 498 women were induced (32.5%). Most common method of induction was misoprostol (40.36%) followed by prostaglandin E2 gel (26.90%). Out of 498 inductions, 377 women delivered vaginally making success of induction around 75.70%. Among them, 335 women had normal delivery (67.26%) and 42 women required instrumental delivery (8.4%) and 121 women underwent lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) (24.29%).Conclusions: Elective inductions of labor in properly selected indications at optimized timings aid in achieving a favorable maternal and fetal outcome. Methods of inductions, timing and intrapartum monitoring plays an important role in influencing obstetric outcome.
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Soehner, A. M., K. A. Kaplan, J. M. Saletin, L. S. Talbot, I. S. Hairston, J. Gruber, P. Eidelman, M. P. Walker, and A. G. Harvey. "You'll feel better in the morning: slow wave activity and overnight mood regulation in interepisode bipolar disorder." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 2 (June 19, 2017): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717001581.
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BackgroundSleep disturbances are prominent correlates of acute mood episodes and inadequate recovery in bipolar disorder (BD), yet the mechanistic relationship between sleep physiology and mood remains poorly understood. Using a series of pre-sleep mood inductions and overnight sleep recording, this study examined the relationship between overnight mood regulation and a marker of sleep intensity (non-rapid eye movement sleep slow wave activity; NREM SWA) during the interepisode phase of BD.MethodsAdults with interepisode BD type 1 (BD;n= 20) and healthy adult controls (CTL;n= 23) slept in the laboratory for a screening night, a neutral mood induction night (baseline), a happy mood induction night, and a sad mood induction night. NREM SWA (0.75–4.75 Hz) was derived from overnight sleep EEG recordings. Overnight mood regulation was evaluated using an affect grid pleasantness rating post-mood induction (pre-sleep) and the next morning.ResultsOvernight mood regulation did not differ between groups following the sad or happy inductions. SWA did not significantly change for either group on the sad induction night compared with baseline. In BD only, SWA on the sad night was related to impaired overnight negative mood regulation. On the happy induction night, SWA increased relative to baseline in both groups, though SWA was not related to overnight mood regulation for either group.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that SWA disruption may play a role in sustaining negative mood state from the previous night in interepisode BD. However, positive mood state could enhance SWA in bipolar patients and healthy adults.