Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Induced systemic resistance (ISR)'
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Muzammil, Saima. "Saccharothrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137 : biocontrol properties, colonization and induced systemic resistance towards Botrytis cinerea on grapevine and Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0063/document.
Full textIn this thesis, the desert soil isolate, Saccharothrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137, has been evaluated for its bioactive properties towards the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea, for its colonization of Vitis vinifera L., and Arabidopsis thaliana as well as to study the mechanisms of induced systemic resistance (ISR) towards B. cinerea. The results obtained allowed us firstly to show that Sa. algeriensis NRRL B-24137 can exhibit strong antifungal properties towards B. cinerea and that some metabolites can be responsible of this antifungal activity. Although these metabolites are still under consideration and that this study needs further works, we have demonstrated then the colonization properties of the desert soil isolate with grapevine plants. The results showed that the strain can form rhizospheric as well as endophytic subpopulations with grapevine plants (Cabernet Sauvignon cultivar graffed on 44-53 M rootstock) at early step of colonization. Then we have demonstrated that the beneficial strain could induce a systemic resistance towards B. cinerea. Although the mechanisms are not yet well understood, preliminary parts of this work demonstrated that the genes responsible of glucanase production, chitinase as well as inhibitor of polygalacturonase activity do not seems to be primed during the systemic resistance phenomenon. Finally we demonstrated that the interaction between Sa. algeriensis NRRL B-24137 and Arabidopsis thaliana plants results in a close association due also to a rhizo- and endophytic colonization of the model plant. The beneficial strain can also induce a systemic resistance in A. thaliana towards B. cinerea and analyzes of plant mutants have allowed to determine parts of the mechanisms involved in ISR as well as new mechanisms that could be trigerred by beneficial microbes
SHAHZAD, GUL I. RAYNA. "BIOCONTROL STRATEGIES AGAINST PLANT PATHOGENS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/850186.
Full textTripathi, Diwaker. "Role of SABP2 in Systemic Acquired Resistance Induced by Acibenzolar-S-Methyl in Plants." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1720.
Full textLe, Thanh Toan, Van Dien Luong, Thi Thuy Nhien Ngo, and Van Kim Pham. "Induced systemic resistance against rice grassy stunt virus – a promising field for ecological rice production." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88491.
Full textHầu hết các phương pháp sản xuất lúa hiện nay đều sử dụng các hóa chất độc hại trong việc phòng trừ bệnh và côn trùng gây hại, nên dẫn đến ô nhiễm môi trường. Kích thích tính kháng lưu dẫn giúp kích hoạt cơ chế tự nhiên kháng bệnh của cây có thể là giải pháp bảo vệ thực vật thay thế an toàn với môi trường. Việc ứng dụng tiến bộ này vào trong sản xuất lúa có thể làm giảm lượng hóa chất sử dụng, đóng góp vào việc giảm thiểu ô nhiễm môi trường và sự phát triển của một nền nông nghiệp bền vững. Nghiên cứu đã được thực hiện tại nhà lưới trường Đại học Cần Thơ để tuyển chọn hóa chất và phương pháp sử dụng hóa chất để tăng cường sức khỏe giúp cây lúa vượt qua bệnh vàng lùn. Hóa chất kích kháng được sử dụng ở một nồng độ rất thấp (đơn vị là mM). Kết quả cho thấy chiều cao cây lúa khi xử lý chất kích kháng tốt hơn so đối chứng không xử lý. Bên cạnh đó, số cây lúa nhiễm bệnh giảm, tỉ lệ hạt chắc và năng suất tăng khi cây lúa được xử lý với chất kích kháng. Trong số các chất kích kháng đã sử dụng, acid oxalic cho hiệu quả vượt trội. Với chất acid oxalic, phương pháp ngâm hạt cho hiệu quả kích kháng tốt hơn phương pháp áo hạt
Chen, Chunquan. "Induced systemic resistance against Pythium aphanidermatum by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on cucumber, Cucumis sativus L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ50129.pdf.
Full textChen, Chunquan 1958. "Induced systemic resistance against Pythium aphanidermatum by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35862.
Full textBorlinghaus, Maria Theresia. "Implications of biochar on UK barley systems : a biological perspective." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17621.
Full textConn, Vanessa Michelle, and vanessa conn@acpfg com au. "Molecular Interactions of Endophytic Actinobacteria in Wheat and Arabidopsis." Flinders University. School of Medicine, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060320.171412.
Full textChanda, Bidisha. "GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE IS A NOVEL REGULATOR OF BASAL AND INDUCED DEFENSE SIGNALING IN PLANTS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/plantpath_etds/16.
Full textZhang, Weizheng. "Disease suppression and systemic-acquired-resistance-induced in plants by compost-amended potting mixes, compost water extracts and no-tillage soil /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487943610784806.
Full textNeves, Christian André Fernandes. "Methylglyoxal-induced glycation changes liver lipid content in high-fat diet-fed rats, causing glucose and lipid systemic dysmetabolism." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14597.
Full textFatty liver disease is simultaneously a cause and a consequence of type 2 diabetes. Hepatic lipid metabolism is altered in obese patients, causing insulin resistance. More, inhibition of insulin signaling may also affect hepatic lipid metabolism, causing a feedback that may lead to hepatic steatosis, common in such patients. In this work, we intended to assess the role of glycation (methylglyoxal-induced) in the hepatic lipid metabolism of high-fat diet-fed rats, using lipidomic approaches and magnetic resonance imaging, which identify hepatic lipid species, including phospholipids (PL), triglycerids (TG), diacylglycerols (DAG) and fatty acids (FA). Wistar rats were maintained during 4 months with methylglyoxal (MG) supplementation (100mg/Kg/day) (MG group), a high-fat diet rich in TG (HFD group) or both (HFDMG group) and compared with controls feeding a standard diet (n=6/ group). Lipidomic approaches, namely liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography (GC) were used to determine liver composition in PL, TG and FA. Non-invasive 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (9 Tesla) of liver tissues in vivo was used to determine lipid species, such as TG and DAG. The total and phosphorylated levels of the mediators of the insulin receptor pathway and lipid oxidation were determined by western blotting. High-fat diet-fed (HFD) rats showed increased body weight in relation to controls, but this effect was partially inhibited by MG supplementation (HFDMG group). Moreover, HFDMG group showed increased plasma free fatty acid levels, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In liver, lipidomic techniques and 1H NMR showed increased fat mass in the liver of HFD and HFDMG rats. HFD rats, but not HFDMG, showed increased total levels of the 18:1 fatty acid (common in high-fat diets). Despite no differences were observed for HFD group, HFDMG rats showed decreased fraction of unsaturated lipids and increased fraction of saturated lipids. This difference was obtained due to a decrease in monounsaturated FA. Regarding lipid esterification, HFDMG group showed lower percentage of esterified glycerol carbons, suggesting an increased concentration of DAG in relation to TG. In accordance, this group showed higher fatty acids/glycerol ratio, suggesting increased liver non-esterified fatty acid levels. Western Blotting analyses showed decreased activation of insulin pathway, especially HFDMG group, as well as decreased activation of the insulin receptor in HFDMG group. Data suggest that glycation changes lipid metabolism in a context of hyperlipidemia, possibly contributing to hepatic lipotoxicity and to accelerate progression of insulin resistance and fatty liver disease.
O fígado gordo é simultaneamente uma causa e consequência da diabetes mellitus tipo 2. O metabolismo lipidico-hepático (MLH) encontra-se alterado em obesos, causando insulino-resistência. A diminuição da sinalização da via da insulina pode igualmente afetar o MLH, estimulando o desenvolvimento de esteatose hepática, comum nos doentes. Neste trabalho, pretende-se analisar o papel da glicação (induzida por metilglioxal) no MLH em ratos com dieta gorda, através de técnicas de lipidómica e ressonância magnética, para identificar as espécies lipídicas hepáticas, tais como fosfolípidos (FL), triglicéridos (TG), diacilgliceróis (DAG) e ácidos gordos (AG). O modelo animal usado foi o rato Wistar, mantido nos últimos 4 meses, antes de completar 1 ano de idade, com metilglioxal (100mg/Kg/dia) (grupo MG), com dieta gorda rica em TG (grupo HFD) ou com ambas (grupo HFDMG) e comparados com os controlos com dieta normal (n=12/grupo). As técnicas de lipidómica usadas foram cromatografia líquida com espetrometria de massa e cromatografia gasosa para determinar a composição hepática de PL, TG e AG. Usou-se também espectroscopia (9 Tesla), não invasiva, de ressonância magnética nuclear 1H (NMR) nos ratos vivos para determinar os TG e DAG hepáticos. Os mediadores proteicos totais e fosforilados da via da insulina e da oxidação lipídica no fígado também foram analisados por western blot. Os ratos, com dieta gorda (HFD), aumentaram o peso corporal, mas o efeito foi parcialmente inibido pelo metilglioxal (HFDMG). Além disso, o grupo HFDMG apresenta um aumento dos ácidos gordos livres no plasma, hiperinsulinemia, insulino-resistência e intolerância à glicose. No fígado, as técnicas de lipidómica e NMR mostraram um aumento da massa gorda no fígado nos grupos HFD e HFDMG, mas apenas no grupo HFD se verifica o aumento do AG 18:1 (comum na dieta). Apesar de não haver diferença significativa no grupo HFD, o grupo HFDMG apresenta uma diminuição dos AG insaturados e aumento dos saturados; isto deve-se à diminuição dos monoinsaturados neste grupo. Quanto à esterificação dos glicerolípidos, o grupo HFDMG apresenta uma menor percentagem da total esterificação dos gliceróis, sugerindo o aumento dos DAG, em relação aos TG. Também, este grupo apresenta um ratio AG/glicerol aumentado, ou seja, com aumento de AG não esterificados. A análise por western blot mostrou uma diminuição da via do receptor da insulina especialmente no grupo HFDMG. Em suma, estes resultados sugerem que a glicação causa alterações do metabolismo lipidico-hepático num contexto de hiperlipidemia, contribuindo possivelmente para a lipotoxicidade hepática, progressão acelerada de insulino-resistência e patologia do fígado gordo.
Ferrigo, Davide. "A molecular approach to biological control of mycotoxigenic fungi." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421877.
Full textLa sicurezza alimentare è oggigiorno considerata una priorità a livello mondiale. Tra le principali minacce legate al settore alimentare, le micotossine rappresentano una problematica da contenere e risolvere. Le micotossine sono sostanze chimiche prodotte dal metabolismo secondario di alcuni funghi con ospiti e necessità climatiche molto diversi tra loro. Diverse condizioni climatiche portano alla sviluppo di funghi capaci di produrre diverse micotossine e per i paesi affacciati sul bacino mediterraneo, due tra i funghi micotossigeni più presenti risultano essere Fusarium verticillioides in mais e Aspergillus carbonarius sull’uva, responsabili dell’accumulo rispettivamente di fumonisine e ocratossina A. I trattamenti effettuati con composti chimici hanno dato prova di essere parzialmente efficaci nel ridurre i livelli di contaminazione, ciononostante i vari aspetti economici, ecologici e di salubrità dovrebbero condurre allo sviluppo di nuove strategie a basso impatto come il controllo biologico. Le conoscenze finora ottenute sulla produzione e la regolazione delle micotossine sono molto diversificate in base all’importanza economica che queste rivestono, mentre le fumonisine sono ben studiate, le informazioni riguardanti le ocratossine sono ancora lacunose. Nel presente lavoro diversi approcci molecolari quali studi di attività enzimatica, Real-Time PCR e cDNA-AFLP sono stati utilizzati per fornire elementi e strategie utili al controllo biologico dei funghi micotossigeni. Nella prima parte del presente lavoro è stata valutata la capacità di Trichoderma harzianum T22 di indurre resistenza in mais nei confronti di F. verticillioides evidenziando in particolar modo l’abbattimento del contenuto di fumonisine nella granella raccolta. La seconda parte è focalizzata sui cambiamenti indotti dalle specie reattive dell’ossigeno su F. verticillioides, confermando anche per questo fungo l’importanza dei ROS nell’attivazione e la modulazione della biosintesi delle fumonisine. Tali risultati supportano l’ipotesi che l’accumulo di fumonisine sia fortemente influenzato dalle situazioni di stress percepite dalla pianta. Infine, lo studio svolto sulle sequenze differentemente espresse di A. carbonarius rappresenta un importante contributo alla comprensione della pathway biosintetica suggerendo, in accordo con i diversi pattern di espressione, un possibile modello di regolazione e biosintesi dell’ocratossina A.
Bulgari, D. "PHYTOPLASMAS-ENDOPHYTES INTERACTIONS: THE CASE STUDY OF GRAPEVINE YELLOWS RECOVERY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150211.
Full textJunges, Emanuele. "Indução de resistência à antracnose em feijoeiro por Trichoderma harzianum E Bacillus subtilis." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3260.
Full textThe massive use of chemicals to control plant diseases cause numerous negative impacts on agricultural production system on non-target organisms, consumers and farmers. Therefore, the use of biological control organisms such as Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis, able to act on the control of plant pathogens and / or induce resistance in plants is characterized as an important and with great potential yet to be explored tool. The objective of this study was to identify metabolites produced by these organisms grown in liquid medium and test the use of filtered culture and of living organisms, applied via seed or leaf in the control of anthracnose in beans. Biological control organisms T. harzianum and B. subtilis were grown in liquid culture medium for 96 h and 12 h photoperiod. After incubation, the media were filtered through Millipore membrane extraction of the bacterial cells and spores. Metabolites were extracted with four organic solvents, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane and subjected to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and the chromatograms generated for each organism and solvent used. The evaluation of the induction of defense responses in plants was held in cultivating Minuano with susceptibility reaction to the pathogen Colletotrichm lindemuthianum. The bean plants were evaluated for disease index, area under the disease progress curve and changes in peroxidase activity, β-1,3-glucanase and IAA - oxidase, as well as certain fresh and dry weight of plants in two stages, before and after inoculation of the challenging pathogen. The chromatographic identification of compounds from culture filtrates showed that both test organisms produce fatty acids and oxylipins in liquid medium with antifungal action and inducing defense responses, respectively. In the assessments performed in bean plants, both T. harzianum as B. subtilis reduced the severity and progress of the disease, and produced significant increases in the activities of peroxidase isozymes and β-1,3-glucanase after inoculation of the pathogen, indicating the activation of induced resistance. The induction of responses did not affect the dry mass of the plants, which shows no energy expenditure that could affect plant growth. The best answers to T. harzianum are observed in foliar applications, either spore suspension or culture filtrate, as for B. subtilis, the best answers are observed in the foliar application of culture filtrate. For ease of production, culture filtrates of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis can give bioproducts for agricultural use.
O uso massivo de produtos químicos para controle de doenças em plantas causa inúmeros impactos negativos no sistema de produção agrícola, sobre organismos não alvo, consumidores, agricultores e o ambiente. Diante disso, a utilização de organismos de controle biológico, como Trichoderma harzianum e Bacillus subtilis, capazes de agir no controle de fitopatógenos e/ou induzir resistência em plantas, se caracteriza como uma ferramenta importante e com muito potencial ainda a ser explorado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar metabólitos produzidos por estes organismos cultivados em meio líquido e testar a utilização destes filtrados de cultura, bem como dos organismos vivos, aplicados via semente ou foliar, no controle da antracnose em feijoeiro. Os organismos de controle biológico T. harzianum e B. subtilis foram cultivados em meio de cultura líquido por 96h e fotoperíodo de 12h. Após a incubação, os meios foram filtrados em membrana milipore para extração dos esporos e das células bacterianas. Os metabólitos foram extraídos com quatro solventes orgânicos, etanol, metanol, acetato de etila e hexano e submetidos à cromatografia gasosa e espectrofotometria de massa e gerados cromatogramas para cada organismo e solvente utilizado. A avaliação da indução de respostas de defesa em plantas foi realizada na cultivar Minuano, com reação de suscetibilidade ao patógeno Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. As plantas de feijão foram avaliadas quanto ao índice de doença, área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença e às alterações nas atividades de peroxidase, β-1,3-glucanase e AIA oxidase, assim como determinada a massa fresca e seca das plantas em dois momentos, antes e após a inoculação do patógeno desafiante. A identificação cromatográfica dos compostos presentes nos filtrados de cultura demonstrou que ambos os organismos testados produzem ácidos graxos e oxilipinas em meio líquido, com ação antifúngica e indutoras de respostas de defesa, respectivamente. Nas avaliações realizadas em plantas de feijão, tanto T. harzianum quanto B. subtilis, reduziram a severidade e o progresso da doença, assim como produziram acréscimos significativos nas atividades das isoenzimas peroxidase e β-1,3-glucanase após a inoculação do patógeno, indicando a ativação da resistência induzida. As respostas de indução não comprometeram o acúmulo de massa seca das plantas, o que demonstra não haver gasto energético capaz de comprometer o crescimento das plantas. As melhores respostas para T. harzianum são observadas nas aplicações foliares, seja de suspensão de esporos ou filtrado de cultura, já para B. subtilis, as melhores respostas são observadas na aplicação foliar do filtrado de cultura. Pela facilidade de produção, filtrados de cultura de Trichoderma harzianum e Bacillus subtilis podem originar bioprodutos para uso agrícola.
Yacoub, Amira. "Relations entre l’omycète, Pythium oligandrum, et la vigne : étude de l’induction de résistance contre un agent pathogène du bois et impact sur les communautés microbiennes colonisant la plante." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3053/document.
Full textApproximately 13% of French vineyards are currently considered unproductive due to trunk diseases, mainly Esca, a particularly destructive disease that affects grapevines worldwide. Accordingly, biological control of a pathogen implicated in Esca, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, was developed using the oomycete, Pythium oligandrum. The selection of P. oligandrum strains, isolated from vineyards, which produced in vitro large quantities of oligandrin, an elicitin-like protein inducing plant defences, was carried out. Three greenhouse assays showed that the necroses caused by P. chlamydospora were significantly reduced (40 to 50%) when P. oligandrum colonized the root system of vine cuttings. At stem level, the expression of a set of 22 genes involved in Vitis vinifera defence mechanisms was measured by quantitative PCR. Depending on the treatments employed, significant differences in grapevine responses were observed. Six of the genes (PR proteins, phenyl-propanoid pathway, oxylipins and the oxydo-reduction system) were strongly induced in plants pre-treated with P. oligandrum, and subsequently infected by P. chlamydospora. In order to characterize the mechanisms occurring during this tri-partite interaction, the global transcriptomic grapevine responses at stem level were analysed, using microarray and RNAseq, in plants in which induced systemic resistance (ISR) had taken place. Several genes involved in ethylene and jasmonate biosynthesis were strongly induced in plants that were pre-treated with P. oligandrum, and subsequently infected by P. chlamydospora. The transcription factors involved in the regulation of these signalisation pathways were also induced. Analysis of the P. chlamydospora RNA messenger (mRNA), showed that certain genes involved in secondary metabolite synthesis, transcription factors implicated in pathway regulations, and certain Carbohydrate Active enZymes, were modulated, when P. oligandrum colonised the roots. These results demonstrated that root inoculation with P. oligandrum induced indirect stress on P. chlamydospora responses. In order to promote P. oligandrum implantation in nurseries and vineyards, the capacity of this biocontrol agent to colonize the roots of grafted-plants, and to protect them against P. chlamydospora attacks, was studied. Three rootstocks (SO4, 3309 and 101-14), grafted on two scion varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc), were inoculated or not with P. oligandrum. Depending on the particular scion/rootstock associations, the oomycete colonized the various root systems differently. Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) analyses revealed complex and diverse fungal and bacterial communities in both the rhizosphere and the phyllosphere. These microflora, which were organ-dependent, were not direcly or indirectly affected by the root inoculation of P. oligandrum. Protection of grafted vines (SO4 + Cabernet Sauvignon) was probably induced by P. oligandrum against the pathogen, P. chlamydospora
Touchard, Matthieu. "Caractérisation de la perception racinaire et de la résistance systémique induite par les rhamnolipides et leurs précurseurs chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS018/document.
Full textIn their environment, plants are frequently challenged by pathogenic microorganisms. Plants are able to trigger an innate immune response to fight against the infection. This immune response is activated after perception of the microorganisms through Invasion Patterns (IPs). Rhamnolipids (RLs) are amphiphilic glycolipidics molecules produced by some bacterial species including Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. RLs are able to induce an immune response in the aerial part of several plant which is effective against phytopathogens. 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (3-OH-C10:0), a lipid building block from RLs, is known to trigger Arabidopsis thaliana immune responses in leaves after its perception by the bulb-type lectin receptor kinase LORE. In the present work, we showed that the 3-OH-C10:0 is also sensed by roots through LORE, triggering local immune responses and a systemic induced resistance (ISR) effective against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. In addition, this work revealed that RLs are also recognized by root cells, activating a LORE-independent ISR against B. cinerea. This work shows that RLs and 3-OH-C10:0 are different IPs independently recognized by A. thaliana roots but both inducing a systemic resistance in plants
Mansoor, Chara Virginia. "Induced systemic resistance in wheat after potassium phosphate treatment." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6359.
Full textWheat is one of the most extensively grown small grain crops in Southern Africa. It is a staple food source used by humans, animals and other living organisms around the globe (Feldman, 2001). One of the major threats of wheat production in South Africa is the Russian wheat aphid (RWA), (Kurdjumov), (Diuraphis noxia, Homoptera: Aphididae) (Brooks et al., 1994; Du Toit & Walters, 1984). The RWA was first described as a pest in South Africa in 1978 and in the US in 1986. Thereafter it was rapidly reported as becoming a major pest of cereals in these countries (Brooks et al., 1994; Du Toit & Walters 1984). A short life span, asexual reproduction, the development of resistance towards insecticides and rapid colonisation of the host plant are all factors that have made the management of the RWA a difficult task (Dogimont et al., 2010; Hein et al., 1998). As a result of complications such as these, host plant resistance is the most viable option to counter the RWA (Dogimont et al., 2010). The method of feeding of the RWA is detrimental to the plant as they insert their stylets into, and feed primarily from, the phloem sieve elements. This damages the plants through nutrient drainage (Dixon, 1985; Klingler et al., 2009) and results in a variety of symptoms, the most common being chlorosis, necrosis, wilting, stunting, curling of the leaves (which provides the pest with a sheltered environment protected from predators and pesticides), misshapen or nonappearance of new growth, and localised cell death at the site of aphid feeding. The RWA elicits an increase in essential amino acids in the phloem sap, by triggering the breakdown of proteins in infested wheat leaves (Burd & Burton, 1992; Du Toit, 1986; Haley et al., 2004; Ma et al., 1998; Miller et al., 2001; Walters et al., 1980). It also reduces transport of labelled tracers (amino acids) from the feeding site to the roots and other sinks in the plant. This increases the nutrient concentration at the site of aphid feeding by increasing the import of resources from other sites in the plant, mobilising local resources and blocking their export to other organs. The damage of the foliar tissue that occurs as a result of the RWA feeding is thought to play a role in the pest’s ability to increase the nutritional quality of the host plant (Botha et al., 2006; Goggin, 2007; Shea et al., 2000).
Liu, Yi-Hung, and 劉益宏. "Studies on Bacillus cereus C1L-induced systemic resistance against Botrytis elliptica in Lilium." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93476319686734996440.
Full text國立臺灣大學
植物病理與微生物學研究所
97
Application of Bacillus cereus C1L suspension in the rhizosphere of Lilium formosanum and lily cv. Star Gazer to reduce gray mold severity has been demonstrated. In this dissertation, the mechanism of induced systemic resistance (ISR) was approached to figure out the signaling pathway involved. Firstly, differentially expressed genes in strain C1L-treated L. formosanum were identified to be LfGRP1, LfMT1, and LfPsbR, by the use of suppression subtractive hybridization method. When L. formosanum was treated with strain C1L, LfMT1 was up-regulated. However, LfGRP1 and LfPsbR were down-regulated. The expression patterns of the 3 homologues in oriental lily cv. Star Gazer were identical to those of LfGRP1, LfMT1 and LfPsbR. When using ethylene and methyl jasmonate to treat lily cv. Star Gazer, LsGRP1 and LsPsbR were up-regulated. On the contrary, these genes were down-regulated by the treatment of abscissic acid (ABA), indicating that ABA signaling pathway is involved in the systemic resistance induced by strain C1L. When ‘Stra Gazer’ lily plants were treated with strain C1L 24 hours before inoculation with B. elliptica, accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and cell death in the leaves was suppressed as compared to those exhibited in the plant singly inoculated with B. elliptica. The peroxidase activity was not increased in the leaves inoculated with B. elliptica post strain C1L treatment, unlike that inoculated with B. elliptica singly. On the other hand, strain C1L induced early expression of LpGlu1 (β-1,3-glucanase) in response to B. elliptica infection post strain C1L treatment as compared to that inoculated with B. elliptica singly. In order to dissect the mechanism of ISR activated by strain C1L, cDNA-AFLP was analyzed and 104 cDNA clones representative of differentially expressed genes of lily were obtained. Expressions of selected genes were analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that strain C1L could induce systemic resistance via calcium ion signaling pathway and ABA signaling pathway, followed by anti-oxidative response. Additionally, strain C1L induced expression of glutamate synthase of lily which might decrease cellular toxicity caused by B. elliptica and therefore reduced the disease severity.
Tseng, An-Tzu, and 曾安慈. "Study of the relatedness of colonization and induced systemic resistance of Bacillus cereus." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68607502538376152079.
Full textCheng, Han-Tan, and 鄭涵丹. "Studies on systemic resistance induced by Pseudomonas putida A7 and Streptomyces coelicolor in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4ppea5.
Full text國立臺灣大學
農業化學研究所
105
During agricultural practice, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are often applied to enhance crop yield and prevent losses caused by pests and pathogens. However, environmental issues derived from utilization of such chemicals raise concerns about further damage to our ecosystem, and alternative means with similar effects should be developed to lessen the problem. Use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with ability to promote plant growth directly or indirectly becomes a good strategy incorporated into the integrated pest management (IPM) program. In our studies, two soil habitants, Pseudomonas putida A7 and Streptomyces coelicolor strain M145, were proved to be plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, which not only promote plant growth but also induce resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Further studies showed that P. putida A7 can induce resistance against Pst DC3000 in the Arabidopsis mutant lines, jar1, pad4 and npr1. By means of semiquantitative RT-PCR, we also found that higher amount and faster expression of the salicylic acid (SA) maker genes PR1 and PR5 were observed in P. putida A7-pretreated Arabidopsis compared to the water-treated control after Pst DC3000 infection. Stronger and faster responses upon Pst DC3000 infection in the A7-pretreated Arabidopsis were also found in the expression of genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways, such as LOX2, HEL and GST2. These data indicate that SA and JA/ET signaling pathways are involved in P. putida A7-induced systemic resistance to Pst DC3000 in A. thaliana. On the other hand, S. coelicolor M145-treated Arabidopsis mutant lines, jar1, npr1 and etr1, lost their ability to trigger systemic resistance to Pst DC3000. Futhermore, the expressions of PR1 and PR5 as well as PDF1.2, LOX2, HEL and GST2 were also stronger and faster after Pst DC3000 infection. Taking togather, we demonstrated P. putida A7 and S. coelicolor M145 probably can use different mechanisms to affect signaling pathways involving SA, JA and ET, to induce systemic resistance against Pst DC3000 in A. thaliana.
Tung, Jonathan. "The effectiveness of induced plant disease resistance: genotypic variation and quantification by chlorophyll fluorescence." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3025.
Full textCrutcher, Frankie. "An Investigation of Two Modes of Plant Protection by the Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma virens." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10535.
Full textChen, Peng-Wen, and 陳鵬文. "Effects of systemic hypoxia-reoxygenation/hyperoxia preconditioning on aerobic exercise performance and acute heavy resistance exercise-induced muscle damage." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/td97f6.
Full text臺北市立大學
運動科學研究所
107
Purpose: To investigate the effect of systemic hypoxia-reoxygenation or -hyperoxia preconditioning on aerobic exercise performance and acute heavy resistance exercise-induced muscle damage in athletes. Methods: In study I, 11 male athletes are recruited in single-blind, randomized- controlled crossover rotated trial, supplied either control (CON) (21% O2) or hypoxia- hyperoxia (10- 99% O2) (HH) (5 min hypoxia- 5 min hyperoxia a circle for 6 circles). After 30 min, an acute heavy resistance exercise (AHRET) was performed. Heart rates variability (HRV), muscle hemodynamic, inflammation, oxidative stress and muscle strength are determined before intervention, immediately, 24 and 48 hours after exercise. In study II, 9 male athletes are supplied normoxia or three modes of hypoxia-reoxygenation or -hyperoxia (10-21, 60 or 99% O2) (HR, HHI, HH). Hemodynamic changes of muscle and brain are measured during intervention, following by a maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) test 30 minutes after intervention. Result: In study I, there are significantly lower creatine kinase and myoglobin in HH than that in CON 24 (p<0.05; p<0.05) and 48 hours (p=0.08; p=0.05) after AHRET. There is significantly higher IL-6 (p<0.05) in HH than that in CON 24 and 48 hours after AHRET. No significant difference in other markers between two groups. In study II, there are significantly higher VO2max (p<0.05) and exercise time (p<0.05) in HH group. Conclusion: Systemic hypoxia-hyperoxia preconditioning could reduce exercise-induced muscle damage and enhance aerobic exercise performance. These effects may be associated with the increase of inflammatory marker and the decrease in body anabolism.
Silvestre, Garcia Kerstin [Verfasser]. "Dissecting rhizobacteria induced systemic resistance in tomato against Meloidogyne incognita : the first step using molecular tools / von Kerstin Silvestre Garcia." 2007. http://d-nb.info/986466085/34.
Full textWong, Sei-Yung, and 汪嗣桓. "The role of RANTES and CCR5 in the pathogenesis of high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26400190216431272123.
Full text國防醫學院
生理學研究所
100
Obesity induced adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance is associated with the secretion and functional properties of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, such as the well-established MCP-1/CCR2 chemokine system. Recent studies showed that the RANTES/CCR5 system could also participate in the complex process of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. In this study, CCR5 and CCL5 deficient mice were fed either with normal diet or high fat diet, which are then experimented to study the mechanism of the involvement of CCR5 and CCL5 in adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. The results show that, under normal diet, CCR5 KO mice and CCL5 KO mice both had no significant differences in energy balance. CCR5 KO mice showed more improved insulin sensitivity, whereas CCL5 KO mice worsen. And for systemic and adipose tissue inflammatory response, CCR5 KO mice showed an attenuated inflammatory response. On the contrary, CCL5 KO mice had a more deleterious condition. And last, CCR5 KO mice showed an overall improved adipogenesis, whereas, CCL KO mice was worsen The results indicate that, under different diets, CCR5 and CCL5 have collaborative and separate roles in regulating the progress of adipose tissue inflammation and adipose tissue adipocyte differentiation. CCR5 showed dominant influence in promoting adipose tissue inflammation and the infiltration of immune cells, and has a role in down regulating adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, which leads to systemic insulin resistance. On the contrary, CCL5 plays a vital role in the regulation of adipose tissue inflammation, which probably works as a balance between chemokines and cytokines such as MCP-1 in an inflammatory response. On the other hand, CCL5 may play a role in adipose tissue lipogenesis, which may affect ectopic fat accumulation, in which leads to insulin resistance. This study suggests that CCR5/CCL5 pathway could regulate high fat induced adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance.
Satyan, Kumudini Belur. "Induced Systemic resistance in Pearl Millet against downy mildew disease-A histological study on the pattern of pathogen development and host responses." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1432.
Full textVishwanathan, Kishore. "Defense remodelling by ectomycorrhizal fungi in non-hosts." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-1449-3.
Full textSelim, Mohamed Elwy Mohamed [Verfasser]. "Biological, chemical and molecular studies on the systemic induced resistance in tomato against Meloidogyne incognita caused by the endophytic Fusarium oxysporum, Fo162 / vorgelegt von Mohamed Elwy Mohamed Selim." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1009224638/34.
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