Academic literature on the topic 'Induced systemic resistance'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Induced systemic resistance.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Induced systemic resistance"
1
Cohen, Y. "Systemic induced resistance." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (January 1, 2002): S122—S125. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10334-pps.
Full textAbstract:
Biotic and abiotic agents may induce resistance in plants against pathogens. Abiotic agents may be synthetic or natural. The natural, non-protein amino acid BABA (DL-β-aminobutyric acid) induces systemic resistance in crop plants against pathogens. Dry, killed mycelia of Penicillium chrysogenum (DM) induces local resistance in plants against soil-borne pathogens. The activity of BABA and DM are described here in detail. Both products were shown to effectively control plant disease in nature.
2
Vallad, Gary E., and Robert M. Goodman. "Systemic Acquired Resistance and Induced Systemic Resistance in Conventional Agriculture." Crop Science 44, no. 6 (November 2004): 1920–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.1920.
Full text
3
Pieterse, Corné M. J., Christos Zamioudis, Roeland L. Berendsen, David M. Weller, Saskia C. M. Van Wees, and Peter A. H. M. Bakker. "Induced Systemic Resistance by Beneficial Microbes." Annual Review of Phytopathology 52, no. 1 (August 4, 2014): 347–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102340.
Full text
4
Bonello, Gordon, and Storer. "Systemic induced resistance in Monterey pine." Forest Pathology 31, no. 2 (April 28, 2001): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0329.2001.00230.x.
Full text
5
van Loon, L. C., P. A. H. M. Bakker, and C. M. J. Pieterse. "SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE INDUCED BY RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA." Annual Review of Phytopathology 36, no. 1 (September 1998): 453–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.36.1.453.
Full text
6
Thomashow, Linda S. "Induced systemic resistance: a delicate balance." Environmental Microbiology Reports 8, no. 5 (October 2016): 560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12474.
Full text
7
Bakker, Peter A. H. M., Rogier F. Doornbos, Christos Zamioudis, Roeland L. Berendsen, and Corne M. J. Pieterse. "Induced Systemic Resistance and the Rhizosphere Microbiome." Plant Pathology Journal 29, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.si.07.2012.0111.
Full text
8
Schweizer, Patrick, Antony Buchala, Robert Dudler, and Jean-Pierre Métraux. "Induced systemic resistance in wounded rice plants." Plant Journal 14, no. 4 (May 1998): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00141.x.
Full text
9
Simms, Ellen L., and Todd J. Vision. "Pathogen-induced systemic resistance in Ipomoea purpurea." Oecologia 102, no. 4 (1995): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00341362.
Full text
10
Bakker, Peter A. H. M., Corné M. J. Pieterse, and L. C. van Loon. "Induced Systemic Resistance by Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp." Phytopathology® 97, no. 2 (February 2007): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-2-0239.
Full textAbstract:
Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. have been studied for decades for their plant growth-promoting effects through effective suppression of soilborne plant diseases. The modes of action that play a role in disease suppression by these bacteria include siderophore-mediated competition for iron, antibiosis, production of lytic enzymes, and induced systemic resistance (ISR). The involvement of ISR is typically studied in systems in which the Pseudomonas bacteria and the pathogen are inoculated and remain spatially separated on the plant, e.g., the bacteria on the root and the pathogen on the leaf, or by use of split root systems. Since no direct interactions are possible between the two populations, suppression of disease development has to be plant-mediated. In this review, bacterial traits involved in Pseudomonas-mediated ISR will be discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Induced systemic resistance"
1
Borlinghaus, Maria Theresia. "Implications of biochar on UK barley systems : a biological perspective." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17621.
Full textAbstract:
Biochar is the solid, carbon-rich by-product obtained from pyrolysis. It offers the prospect of long-term carbon sequestration and soil conditioning with agronomic benefits, often referred to as the ‘biochar effect‘. These multiple direct or indirect changes in the soil plant interface have also been associated with the control of plant diseases by influencing the host’s systemic induced resistance. The biological impact of biochar on the phytopathology of a major cereal grain has not yet been investigated. The most damaging foliar disease of barley in the UK is Rhynchosporium leaf blotch caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Rhynchosporium commune. The aim of this project was to evaluate biochar performance and effectiveness as a disease control agent in the barley – R. commune – pathosystem, and attempted to identify underlying mechanisms by which biochar may function in the interaction between barley and the causal pathogen. Therefore, a unique set of nine slow pyrolysis biochars were established along a 350 to 800°C pyrolysis temperature gradient, with eight of these made from pelleted softwoods and a single one made from Miscanthus straw. A comprehensive biochar quality assessment was undertaken and established that the biochars differed in their chemical composition, which largely depended on production parameters, predominantly temperature (P < 0.05). The analysis proposed that biochar 9, made from Miscanthus at 800°C, showed added value as a soil conditioner over softwood biochars, due to higher pH, mineral ash and macronutrient recoveries, which pointed towards a possible liming potential. Regardless of the feedstock, biochars pyrolysed above 600°C indicated potential use for carbon sequestration purposes, due to higher carbon stability. Short-term controlled bioassays showed significant restricted growth of R. commune mycelium on defined medium to direct (1.0% w/w) and indirect volatile exposure from certain biochars (P < 0.001). The findings suggested a synergistic effect of the softwood biochars acidic nature and presence of fungicidal compounds, with observed inhibition of 100% attributed to re-condensation of tarry vapours onto biochar surfaces during pyrolysis. Qualitative biochar volatile organic compound analysis was conducted and identified biocide active phenolic and organic acid compounds, similar to those commonly found in smoke, bio-oils or wood vinegars. These findings proposed possible application for mitigation of inoculum pressure in field-grown barley, but the toxic nature of volatiles raised concerns over risks to human and environmental health, as also evidenced by detrimental barley growth effects. Subsequent controlled in vivo and in planta experiments revealed significant (P < 0.05) symptomatic barley leaf blotch reduction effects of up to 100%, following 5% (w/w) application of biochars 4, 5, 8 and 9. Barley plants transcriptional changes in ISR-dependent LOX2 and SAR-dependent PR1-b expression in planta verified systemic induced resistance as mechanisms behind the significant disease suppression of barley plants grown in soil amended with biochar 5 and 8. Disease reduction and biochar mediated induced resistance was attributed to either low concentrations of phytotoxic compounds, a direct toxicity effect from fungicidal compounds or indirect promotion of beneficial microbes. The results provided evidence, that in the case of the studied pathosystem, there is potential for biochar with specific characteristics to be considered as a soil amendment, offering not only carbon sequestration, but also possible improved disease resistance.
2
Tripathi, Diwaker. "Role of SABP2 in Systemic Acquired Resistance Induced by Acibenzolar-S-Methyl in Plants." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1720.
Full textAbstract:
Plants have evolved an efficient mechanism to defend themselves against pathogens. Many biotic and abiotic agents have been shown to induce defense mechanism in plants. Acibenzolar-S-Methyl (ASM) is a commercially available chemical inducer of local and systemic resistance (SAR) response in plants. ASM functioning at molecular level is mostly unclear. This research was designed to investigate the mechanism of ASM action in plants. It was hypothesized that SABP2, a plant protein, plays an important role in ASM-mediated defense signaling. Biochemical studies were performed to test the interaction between SABP2 and ASM. Transgenic SABP2-silenced tobacco plants were used to determine the role of SABP2 in SAR induced by ASM. The expression of PR-1 proteins was used as a marker for SAR induction. Results showed that SABP2 converts ASM into acibenzolar that induces the expression of PR-1 proteins and develops the SAR response in ASM-treated plants.
3
Le, Thanh Toan, Van Dien Luong, Thi Thuy Nhien Ngo, and Van Kim Pham. "Induced systemic resistance against rice grassy stunt virus – a promising field for ecological rice production." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88491.
Full textAbstract:
Most rice protection methods have currently used toxic chemicals to control pathogens and pests, which leads to environmental pollution. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) taking advantage of natural defence reaction of plants could be proposed as an alternative, ecologically friendly approach for plant protection. Its application into rice production could minimize the chemicals quantity used and could contribute to the decrease of environmental pollution and the development of sustainable agriculture. The research was conducted to select the most effective chemical and suitable method to improve the health of rice plants infected by grassy stunt disease in net-house of Can Tho University. SAR chemicals were used at very low concentrations (in mM). Results showed that the height of rice plants treated with SAR chemicals was higher than that of plants untreated. Besides, the number of diseased plants was reduced and the ratio of firm grain and yield increased when plants were applied by SAR. Among the used substances, oxalic acid provided the best systemic acquired resistance. With oxalic acid, seed soaking was better than seed coating in systemic acquired resistance against rice grassy stunt diseaseHầu hết các phương pháp sản xuất lúa hiện nay đều sử dụng các hóa chất độc hại trong việc phòng trừ bệnh và côn trùng gây hại, nên dẫn đến ô nhiễm môi trường. Kích thích tính kháng lưu dẫn giúp kích hoạt cơ chế tự nhiên kháng bệnh của cây có thể là giải pháp bảo vệ thực vật thay thế an toàn với môi trường. Việc ứng dụng tiến bộ này vào trong sản xuất lúa có thể làm giảm lượng hóa chất sử dụng, đóng góp vào việc giảm thiểu ô nhiễm môi trường và sự phát triển của một nền nông nghiệp bền vững. Nghiên cứu đã được thực hiện tại nhà lưới trường Đại học Cần Thơ để tuyển chọn hóa chất và phương pháp sử dụng hóa chất để tăng cường sức khỏe giúp cây lúa vượt qua bệnh vàng lùn. Hóa chất kích kháng được sử dụng ở một nồng độ rất thấp (đơn vị là mM). Kết quả cho thấy chiều cao cây lúa khi xử lý chất kích kháng tốt hơn so đối chứng không xử lý. Bên cạnh đó, số cây lúa nhiễm bệnh giảm, tỉ lệ hạt chắc và năng suất tăng khi cây lúa được xử lý với chất kích kháng. Trong số các chất kích kháng đã sử dụng, acid oxalic cho hiệu quả vượt trội. Với chất acid oxalic, phương pháp ngâm hạt cho hiệu quả kích kháng tốt hơn phương pháp áo hạt
4
Conn, Vanessa Michelle, and vanessa conn@acpfg com au. "Molecular Interactions of Endophytic Actinobacteria in Wheat and Arabidopsis." Flinders University. School of Medicine, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060320.171412.
Full textAbstract:
Wheat is the most economically important crop forming one quarter of Australian farm production. The wheat industry is severely affected by diseases, with fungal pathogens causing the most important economic losses in Australia. The application of fungicides and chemicals can control crop diseases to a certain extent, however, it is expensive and public concern for the environment has led to alternative methods of disease control to be sought, including the use of microorganisms as biological control agents. Microorganisms are abundant in the soil adjacent to plant roots (rhizosphere) and within healthy plant tissue (endophytic) and a proportion possess plant growth promotion and disease resistance properties.
Actinobacteria are gram-positive, filamentous bacteria capable of secondary metabolite production such as antibiotics and antifungal compounds. A number of the biologically active endophytes belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum were isolated in our laboratory. A number of these isolates were capable of suppressing the wheat fungal pathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium sp. and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, both in vitro and in planta indicating the potential for the actinobacteria to be used as biocontrol agents. The aim of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this plant-microbe interaction.
The indigenous microbial populations present in the rhizosphere and endophytic environment are critical to plant health and disruptions of these populations are detrimental. The culture-independent technique Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to characterise the endophytic actinobacteria population of wheat roots under different conditions. Soils which support a higher number of indigenous microorganisms result in wheat roots with higher endophytic actinobacterial diversity and level of colonisation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene clones, obtained using the same actinobacteria-biased PCR primers that were used in the T-RFLP analysis, confirmed the presence of the actinobacterial diversity, and identified a number of Mycobacterium and Streptomyces species. It was found that the endophytic actinobacterial population of the wheat plants contained a higher diversity of endophytic actinobacteria than reported previously, and that this diversity varied significantly among different field soils.
The endophytic actinobacteria have previously been shown to protect wheat from disease and enhance growth when coated onto the seed before sowing. As the endophytes isolated were recognised as potential biocontrol agents, the impact on the indigenous endophytic microbial population was investigated. Utilising the T-RFLP technique it was established that the use of a commercial microbial inoculant, containing a large number of soil bacterial and fungal strains applied to the soil, disrupts the indigenous endophyte population present in the wheat roots. The hypothesis is that non-indigenous microbes proliferate and dominate in the soil preventing a number of endophytic-competent actinobacterial genera from access to the seed and ultimately endophytic colonisation of the wheat roots. This dramatically reduces diversity of endophytes and level of colonisation. In contrast the use of a single endophytic actinobacteria endophyte inoculant results in a 3-fold increase in colonisation by the added inoculant, but does not significantly affect this indigenous population.
Colonisation of healthy plant tissues with fungal endophytes has been shown to improve the competitive fitness with enhanced tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress and improved resistance to pathogens and herbivores. In this study the fungal endophyte population of wheat plants grown in four different soils was analysed using partial sequencing of 18S rRNA gene sequences. Sequence anlaysis of clones revealed a diverse range of fungal endophytes. In this diverse range of fungal endophytes a number sequences were highly similar to those of previously known fungal phytopathogens. A number of sequences detected were similar to fungal species previously identified in soil or plant material but not as endophytes. The remaining sequences were similar to fungal species without a known relationship with plants.
Plants have developed an inducible mechanism of defence against pathogens. In addition to local responses plants have developed a mechanism to protect uninfected tissue through a signal that spreads systemically inducing changes in gene expression. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana activation of the Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) pathway and the Jasmonate (JA)/Ethylene (ET) pathway is characterised by the production of pathogenesis-related (PR) and antimicrobial proteins resulting in systemic pathogen resistance. Endophytic actinobacteria, isolated from healthy wheat roots in our laboratory, have been shown to enhance disease resistance to multiple pathogens in wheat when coated onto the seed before sowing. Real Time RT-PCR was used to determine if key genes in the SAR and JA/ET pathways were induced in response to inoculation with endophytic actinobacteria.
Inoculation of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana with selected strains of endophytic actinobacteria was able to �prime� the defence pathways by inducing low level expression of SAR and JA/ET genes. Upon pathogen infection the defence-genes are strongly up-regulated and the endophyte coated plants had significantly higher expression of these genes compared to un-inoculated plants. Resistance to the bacterial pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora was mediated by the JA/ET pathway whereas the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum triggered primarily the SAR pathway.
Further analysis of the endophytic actinobacteria-mediated resistance was performed using the Streptomyces sp. EN27 and Arabidopsis defence-compromised mutants. It was found that resistance to E. carotovora subsp. carotovora mediated by Streptomyces sp. EN27 occurred via a NPR1-independent pathway and required salicylic acid whereas the jasmonic acid and ethylene signalling molecules were not essential. In contrast resistance to F. oxysporum mediated by Streptomyces sp. EN27 occurred via a NPR1-dependent pathway but also required salicylic acid and was JA- and ET-independent.
This research demonstrated that inoculating wheat with endophytic actinobacteria does not disrupt the indigenous endophytic population and may be inducing systemic resistance by activating defence pathways which lead to the expression of antimicrobial genes and resistance to a broad range of pathogens.
5
Chen, Chunquan. "Induced systemic resistance against Pythium aphanidermatum by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on cucumber, Cucumis sativus L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ50129.pdf.
Full text
6
Chen, Chunquan 1958. "Induced systemic resistance against Pythium aphanidermatum by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35862.
Full textAbstract:
Cucumber root rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum can be suppressed by introduced plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Preliminary experiments clarified that this root disease could be suppressed by strains of Pseudomonas aureofaciens, P. corrugata, and P. fluorescens. To determine whether the mechanism was a systemic resistance induced by PGPR, a split root technique was employed on greenhouse cucumbers grown in soilless substrates. On the split roots, bacteria which were introduced into one side of the root were completely separated from pathogen challenged-inoculated roots-on the other side of the roots. Results from the series of experiments conducted with this design demonstrated that (i) the resistance against root rot induced by PGPR was systemic, (ii) germination of P. aphanidermatum zoospores was reduced in extracts from bacterized roots compared to non-treated control, and (iii) spread of Pythium mycelia was delayed and zoospore germination was inhibited on the distant induced root, compared to the non-bacterized control. Furthermore, enzyme analysis indicated that phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase increased on cucumber roots two days after they were bacterized with Pseudomonas strains 13 or 63--28. When the bacterized roots were challenged with P. aphanidermatum, these plant defense enzymes increased as the symptoms appeared, but this accumulation of enzymes was not any higher on roots induced with each of the Pseudomonas strains compared to the Pythium inoculated control. This enzyme stimulation was also systemically induced by PGPR or P. aphanidermatum on cucumber roots. The patterns of iso-peroxidase induced with the PGPR and P. aphanidermatum treatments were different. High levels of salicylic acid (SA) accumulated in bacteria-induced roots, as well as in pathogen-infected roots, which suggests that SA may be associated with cucumber resistance response. But exogenous application of SA did not induce any systemi
7
Chanda, Bidisha. "GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE IS A NOVEL REGULATOR OF BASAL AND INDUCED DEFENSE SIGNALING IN PLANTS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/plantpath_etds/16.
Full textAbstract:
Plants use several strategies to defend themselves against microbial pathogens. These include basal resistance, which is induced in response to pathogen encoded effector proteins, and resistance (R) protein-mediated resistance that is activated upon direct or indirect recognition of pathogen encoded avirulence protein(s). The activation of Rmediated signaling is often associated with generation of a signal, which, upon its translocation to the distal uninfected parts, confers broad-spectrum immunity against related or unrelated pathogens. This phenomenon known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is one of the well-established forms of induced defense response. However, the molecular mechanism underlying SAR remains largely unknown. Induction of plant defense is often associated with a fitness cost, likely because it involves reprogramming of the energy-providing metabolic pathways. Glycerol metabolism is one such pathway that feeds into primary metabolism, including lipid biosynthesis. In this study, I evaluated the role of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) in host-pathogen interaction. Inoculation with the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum led to increased accumulation of G3P in wild-type plants. Mutants impaired in biosynthesis of G3P showed enhanced susceptibility, suggesting a correlation between G3P levels and basal defense. Conversely, increased biosynthesis of G3P correlated with enhanced resistance. The Arabidopsis genome encodes one copy of glycerol kinase (GK), which catalyzes phosphorylation of glycerol to G3P, and five copies of G3P dehydrogenase (G3Pdh), which catalyze reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to G3P. Analysis of plants mutated in various G3Pdh's showed that plastidal lipid biosynthesis was only dependent on the GLY1 isoform but the pathogen induced G3P pool required the function of GLY1 and two other G3Pdh isoforms. Interestingly, compromised G3P biosynthesis in GK and G3Pdh mutants also compromised SAR, which was restored when G3P was provided exogenously. Detailed biochemical analysis showed that G3P was transported to distal tissues and that this process was dependent on a lipid transfer protein, DIR1. Together, these results show that G3P plays an important role in both basal- and induced-defense responses.
8
Muzammil, Saima. "Saccharothrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137 : biocontrol properties, colonization and induced systemic resistance towards Botrytis cinerea on grapevine and Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0063/document.
Full textAbstract:
Au cours de cette thèse, un isolat de sol de désert, Saccharothrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137, a été évalué pour ses propriétés bioactives contre le champignon phytopathogène Botrytis cinerea, pour sa colonization sur Vitis vinifera L., et Arabidopsis thaliana ainsi qu’en vue d’étudier les méchanismes de résistance systémique induite (ISR) contre B. cinerea. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis premièrement de montrer que Sa. algeriensis NRRL B-24137 peut présenter des activités antifongiques contre B. cinerea et que des métabolites peuvent être responsables de cette activité antifongique. Bien que ces métabolites soient encore en cours d’étude et que cette étude mérite d’être approfondie, nous avons démontré ensuite les propriétés de colonisation de l’isolat du sol du désert chez la vigne. Les résultats ont permis de montrer que la souche peut former des populations rhizosphèriques ainsi que des sous-populations endophytiques chez des plants de vigne (Cabernet Sauvignon sur porte-greffe 44-53 M) à des étapes précoces de colonisation. Puis nous avons démontré que la souche bénéfique peut induire une résistance systémique contre B. cinerea. Bien que les mécanismes impliqués ne soient pas encore compris, des parties préliminaires de ces travaux démontrent que les expressions de gènes responsables de la production de glucanase, chitinase ainsi qu’un inhibiteur de polygalacturonase ne semblent pas potentialisés pendant le phénomène de résistance systémique. Enfin nous avons démontré l’interaction entre Sa. algeriensis NRRL B-24137 et Arabidopsis thaliana qui résulte dans une association intime dûe également à colonisation rhizosphèrique et endophytique de la plante modèle. La souche bénéfique peut églement induire un phénomène de résistance systémique sur A. thaliana contre B. cinerea et les analyses de plantes mutées ont permis de determiner des parties des mécanismes impliqués dans l’ISR aini que des nouveaux mécanismes impliqués qui peuvent être induits par des microbes bénéfiquesIn this thesis, the desert soil isolate, Saccharothrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137, has been evaluated for its bioactive properties towards the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea, for its colonization of Vitis vinifera L., and Arabidopsis thaliana as well as to study the mechanisms of induced systemic resistance (ISR) towards B. cinerea. The results obtained allowed us firstly to show that Sa. algeriensis NRRL B-24137 can exhibit strong antifungal properties towards B. cinerea and that some metabolites can be responsible of this antifungal activity. Although these metabolites are still under consideration and that this study needs further works, we have demonstrated then the colonization properties of the desert soil isolate with grapevine plants. The results showed that the strain can form rhizospheric as well as endophytic subpopulations with grapevine plants (Cabernet Sauvignon cultivar graffed on 44-53 M rootstock) at early step of colonization. Then we have demonstrated that the beneficial strain could induce a systemic resistance towards B. cinerea. Although the mechanisms are not yet well understood, preliminary parts of this work demonstrated that the genes responsible of glucanase production, chitinase as well as inhibitor of polygalacturonase activity do not seems to be primed during the systemic resistance phenomenon. Finally we demonstrated that the interaction between Sa. algeriensis NRRL B-24137 and Arabidopsis thaliana plants results in a close association due also to a rhizo- and endophytic colonization of the model plant. The beneficial strain can also induce a systemic resistance in A. thaliana towards B. cinerea and analyzes of plant mutants have allowed to determine parts of the mechanisms involved in ISR as well as new mechanisms that could be trigerred by beneficial microbes
9
Zhang, Weizheng. "Disease suppression and systemic-acquired-resistance-induced in plants by compost-amended potting mixes, compost water extracts and no-tillage soil /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487943610784806.
Full text
10
Neves, Christian André Fernandes. "Methylglyoxal-induced glycation changes liver lipid content in high-fat diet-fed rats, causing glucose and lipid systemic dysmetabolism." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14597.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Biomedicina MolecularFatty liver disease is simultaneously a cause and a consequence of type 2 diabetes. Hepatic lipid metabolism is altered in obese patients, causing insulin resistance. More, inhibition of insulin signaling may also affect hepatic lipid metabolism, causing a feedback that may lead to hepatic steatosis, common in such patients. In this work, we intended to assess the role of glycation (methylglyoxal-induced) in the hepatic lipid metabolism of high-fat diet-fed rats, using lipidomic approaches and magnetic resonance imaging, which identify hepatic lipid species, including phospholipids (PL), triglycerids (TG), diacylglycerols (DAG) and fatty acids (FA). Wistar rats were maintained during 4 months with methylglyoxal (MG) supplementation (100mg/Kg/day) (MG group), a high-fat diet rich in TG (HFD group) or both (HFDMG group) and compared with controls feeding a standard diet (n=6/ group). Lipidomic approaches, namely liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography (GC) were used to determine liver composition in PL, TG and FA. Non-invasive 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (9 Tesla) of liver tissues in vivo was used to determine lipid species, such as TG and DAG. The total and phosphorylated levels of the mediators of the insulin receptor pathway and lipid oxidation were determined by western blotting. High-fat diet-fed (HFD) rats showed increased body weight in relation to controls, but this effect was partially inhibited by MG supplementation (HFDMG group). Moreover, HFDMG group showed increased plasma free fatty acid levels, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In liver, lipidomic techniques and 1H NMR showed increased fat mass in the liver of HFD and HFDMG rats. HFD rats, but not HFDMG, showed increased total levels of the 18:1 fatty acid (common in high-fat diets). Despite no differences were observed for HFD group, HFDMG rats showed decreased fraction of unsaturated lipids and increased fraction of saturated lipids. This difference was obtained due to a decrease in monounsaturated FA. Regarding lipid esterification, HFDMG group showed lower percentage of esterified glycerol carbons, suggesting an increased concentration of DAG in relation to TG. In accordance, this group showed higher fatty acids/glycerol ratio, suggesting increased liver non-esterified fatty acid levels. Western Blotting analyses showed decreased activation of insulin pathway, especially HFDMG group, as well as decreased activation of the insulin receptor in HFDMG group. Data suggest that glycation changes lipid metabolism in a context of hyperlipidemia, possibly contributing to hepatic lipotoxicity and to accelerate progression of insulin resistance and fatty liver disease.
O fígado gordo é simultaneamente uma causa e consequência da diabetes mellitus tipo 2. O metabolismo lipidico-hepático (MLH) encontra-se alterado em obesos, causando insulino-resistência. A diminuição da sinalização da via da insulina pode igualmente afetar o MLH, estimulando o desenvolvimento de esteatose hepática, comum nos doentes. Neste trabalho, pretende-se analisar o papel da glicação (induzida por metilglioxal) no MLH em ratos com dieta gorda, através de técnicas de lipidómica e ressonância magnética, para identificar as espécies lipídicas hepáticas, tais como fosfolípidos (FL), triglicéridos (TG), diacilgliceróis (DAG) e ácidos gordos (AG). O modelo animal usado foi o rato Wistar, mantido nos últimos 4 meses, antes de completar 1 ano de idade, com metilglioxal (100mg/Kg/dia) (grupo MG), com dieta gorda rica em TG (grupo HFD) ou com ambas (grupo HFDMG) e comparados com os controlos com dieta normal (n=12/grupo). As técnicas de lipidómica usadas foram cromatografia líquida com espetrometria de massa e cromatografia gasosa para determinar a composição hepática de PL, TG e AG. Usou-se também espectroscopia (9 Tesla), não invasiva, de ressonância magnética nuclear 1H (NMR) nos ratos vivos para determinar os TG e DAG hepáticos. Os mediadores proteicos totais e fosforilados da via da insulina e da oxidação lipídica no fígado também foram analisados por western blot. Os ratos, com dieta gorda (HFD), aumentaram o peso corporal, mas o efeito foi parcialmente inibido pelo metilglioxal (HFDMG). Além disso, o grupo HFDMG apresenta um aumento dos ácidos gordos livres no plasma, hiperinsulinemia, insulino-resistência e intolerância à glicose. No fígado, as técnicas de lipidómica e NMR mostraram um aumento da massa gorda no fígado nos grupos HFD e HFDMG, mas apenas no grupo HFD se verifica o aumento do AG 18:1 (comum na dieta). Apesar de não haver diferença significativa no grupo HFD, o grupo HFDMG apresenta uma diminuição dos AG insaturados e aumento dos saturados; isto deve-se à diminuição dos monoinsaturados neste grupo. Quanto à esterificação dos glicerolípidos, o grupo HFDMG apresenta uma menor percentagem da total esterificação dos gliceróis, sugerindo o aumento dos DAG, em relação aos TG. Também, este grupo apresenta um ratio AG/glicerol aumentado, ou seja, com aumento de AG não esterificados. A análise por western blot mostrou uma diminuição da via do receptor da insulina especialmente no grupo HFDMG. Em suma, estes resultados sugerem que a glicação causa alterações do metabolismo lipidico-hepático num contexto de hiperlipidemia, contribuindo possivelmente para a lipotoxicidade hepática, progressão acelerada de insulino-resistência e patologia do fígado gordo.
Books on the topic "Induced systemic resistance"
1
Choudhary, Devendra K., and Ajit Varma, eds. Microbial-mediated Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0388-2.
Full text
2
Tuzun, Sadik, and Elizabeth Bent, eds. Multigenic and Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b101085.
Full text
3
Strömberg, Anita. Induced systemic resistance in potato to late blight. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Plant and Forest Protection, Section for Plant Pathology, 1994.
Find full text
4
Varma, Ajit, and Devendra K. Choudhary. Microbial-mediated Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants. Springer, 2018.
Find full text
5
Sadik, Tuzun, and Bent Elizabeth. Multigenic and Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants. Springer London, Limited, 2006.
Find full text
6
Varma, Ajit, and Devendra K. Choudhary. Microbial-mediated Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants. Springer, 2016.
Find full text
7
(Editor), Tuzun Sadik, and Bent Elizabeth (Editor), eds. Multigenic and Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants. Springer, 2005.
Find full text
8
Varma, Ajit, and Devendra K. Choudhary. Microbial-Mediated Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants. Springer London, Limited, 2016.
Find full text
9
Sadik, Tuzun, and Bent Elizabeth. Multigenic and Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants. Springer, 2010.
Find full text
10
Lucena, Carlos, Sabine Dagmar Zimmermann, Ricardo Aroca, and Jianfei Wang, eds. Beneficial Microbes and the Interconnection Between Crop Mineral Nutrition and Induced Systemic Resistance. Frontiers Media SA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88974-086-4.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Induced systemic resistance"
1
Van Loon, L. C. "Systemic Induced Resistance." In Mechanisms of Resistance to Plant Diseases, 521–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3937-3_13.
Full text
2
Nadarajah, Kalaivani K. "Induced Systemic Resistance in Rice." In Microbial-mediated Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants, 103–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0388-2_7.
Full text
3
Madamanchi, Nageswara Rao, and Joseph Kuć. "Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants." In The Fungal Spore and Disease Initiation in Plants and Animals, 347–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2635-7_16.
Full text
4
Kuć, Joseph. "Induced Systemic Resistance — An Overview." In Developments in Plant Pathology, 169–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8420-3_8.
Full text
5
Beardon, Emily, Julie Scholes, and Jurriaan Ton. "How do Beneficial Microbes Induce Systemic Resistance?" In Induced Resistance for Plant Defense, 232–48. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118371848.ch11.
Full text
6
Kumar, Manoj, Priyanku Teotia, Ajit Varma, Narendra Tuteja, and Vivek Kumar. "Induced Systemic Resistance by Rhizospheric Microbes." In Microbial-mediated Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants, 197–206. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0388-2_13.
Full text
7
Binder, Andres, Gianni Baer, Christina Hofmann, and Kati Kováts. "Mechanisms in Systemic Induced Disease Resistance." In NATO ASI Series, 267–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74158-6_32.
Full text
8
Stermer, Bruce A. "Molecular regulation of Systemic Induced Resistance." In Developments in Plant Pathology, 111–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8420-3_5.
Full text
9
Bisen, Kartikay, Chetan Keswani, J. S. Patel, B. K. Sarma, and H. B. Singh. "Trichoderma spp.: Efficient Inducers of Systemic Resistance in Plants." In Microbial-mediated Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants, 185–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0388-2_12.
Full text
10
Magotra, Shanu, Deepika Trakroo, Sneha Ganjoo, and Jyoti Vakhlu. "Bacillus-Mediated-Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) Against Fusarium Corm Rot." In Microbial-mediated Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants, 15–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0388-2_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Induced systemic resistance"
1
"Systemic Acquired Resistance Induced by Some Biotic Agents against Downy Mildew of Cucumber Disease." In International Conference on Plant, Marine and Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0115022.
Full text
2
King, A., C. Arnaud, G. Vial, E. Billoir, B. Ozcan, E. Belaidi, C. O'Donnell, and S. Ryan. "The effect of the GLP-1 analogue Liraglutide on intermittent hypoxia-induced systemic insulin resistance in vivo." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.2182.
Full text
3
Delgado, Yamixa, Mallesh Pandrala, Daraishka Perez, Eddian Velazquez, Jaisy Vega, Melissa Milian, and Anamaris Torres. "Abstract 6375: Development of novel Pt-based drugs using Deferasirox as ligand to diminish systemic toxicity and resistance induced by CisPt." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-6375.
Full text
4
"Bioformulations and Indigenous Plant Protection Measures in Enhancing the Vitalities of Bio-Control Agents for Induced Systemic Resistance Suppressing Asian Soybean Rust in India." In International Conference on Biological, Civil and Environmental Engineering. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0314059.
Full text
5
Angelotti, Austin, Rachel Cole, Amy Webb, Maciej Pietrzak, and Martha Belury. "Diet-induced Gene Expression Changes of Cachectic Muscle, Adipose, and Liver." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/gvbe2596.
Full textAbstract:
Cancer cachexia is a systemic disease characterized by muscle and adipose loss that cannot be reversed by increasing caloric intake. Our previous research has shown insulin resistance precedes cancer cachexia in the C26 mouse model of cachexia, and a diet high in linoleic acid, the essential omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, attenuates the C26-induced insulin resistance. Therefore, to better understand how dietary linoleic acid is improving insulin sensitivity, we characterized gene expression changes in three major tissues responsible for controlling insulin sensitivity: skeletal muscle, adipose, and liver. To do this male CD2F1 (Charles River, MA) were randomized to semi-purified diet (24% fat by weight) containing fat prominently from lard, or containing fat prominently from safflower oil (a linoleic acid-rich oil). One week after diet randomization, mice were inoculated with colon-26 (C26) adenocarcinoma cells (1.0E6 cells). 13 days after inoculation mice were euthanized and gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, epididymal white adipose tissue, and liver tissue were collected for total transcriptome analysis using poly-A enriched next generation RNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed genes were selected based on p-values < 0.05. There were no detectable differences in body weight or food intake between the two diets in mice with C26 tumors. Between the two diets 12 genes were differentially expressed in the muscle, while 57 genes were differentially expressed in the liver, and 314 genes were differentially expressed in adipose. A linoleic acid enriched diet had little effect on the skeletal muscle transcriptome but induced larger transcriptome changes in liver and adipose. This could suggest dietary linoleic acid increases insulin sensitivity through affecting metabolism in adipose and liver, rather than skeletal muscle. Determining these diet-induced transcriptome changes allows us to better target tissue-specific molecular mechanisms of linoleic acid in future research.
6
Schmidt, B., M. R. Buchanan, F. Ofosu, L. A. Brooker, M. Andrew, and McMaster Univ. "ANTITHROMBOTIC PROPERTIES OF HEPARIN IN A NEONATAL MODEL OF THROMBIN INDUCED VENOUS STASIS THROMBOSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643608.
Full textAbstract:
Anecdotal clinical experience suggests that more heparin is required in newborn infants that in adult patients to effectively treat thrombotic disease. We compared the ability of heparin to inhibit thrombus formation induced by a pathological bolus of thrombin and stasis in newborn piglets and 3 week old pigs. The coagulation system of the newborn piglet closely resembles that of the human neonate Including low antithrombin III (AT-III) activity (0.5U/ml). By 3 weeks, adult porcine values for coagulation factors and inhibitors are reached, while blood volume/kg body weight still approximates that of the newborn piglet. Piglets and pigs were pretreated with saline, 10 or 25U/kg heparin (n ≥16/group/dose. Following an injection of 100U/kg thrombin, systemic 125I-fibrinogen consumption and local 125I-fibrinogen incorporation into jugular venous stasis thrombi were measured. Peak heparin levels were identical In both age groups (Anti-factor Xa assay and protamine sulphate titration). Heparin was less effective in preventing thrombus formation in piglets than in pigs (Table). Heparin was also less effective in preventing systemic neonatal 125I-fibrinogen consumption (p<0.0001 at both heparin doses).Raising AT-III levels to adult values significantly improved the antithrombotic properties of heparin in neonatal piglets. Thrombus formation was completely abolished in 19 or 22 piglets who received a combination of human or porcine AT-III concentrate and 25U/kg heparin. Raising the heparin dose to 50U/kg had the same effect. We conclude that the efficacy of heparin in neutralizing thrombin is decreased in newborn piglets. Treatment with AT-III concentrate overcomes this relative heparin resistance, and may help reduce high heparin doses otherwise required in neonatal thrombotic disease.
7
Garattini, E., M. Bolis, A. Vallerga, M. Fratelli, G. Paroni, A. Zanetti, M. Kurosaki, M. Gianni', V. Celestini, and M. Terao. "Abstract P5-05-09: Systemic perturbations induced by all-trans retinoic acid in the gene-expression profiles of sixteen breast cancer cell lines characterized by sensitivity and resistance to the anti-proliferative effects of the retinoid." In Abstracts: 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 4-8, 2018; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p5-05-09.
Full text
8
Silva, Ines, Annie Tasker, Camelia Quek, Robert Rawson, Su Yin Lim, Kevin Wang, Jordan Conway, et al. "Abstract 975: Liver metastases (mets) induce systemic immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance in metastatic melanoma." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-975.
Full text
9
Silva, Ines, Annie Tasker, Camelia Quek, Robert Rawson, Su Yin Lim, Kevin Wang, Jordan Conway, et al. "Abstract 975: Liver metastases (mets) induce systemic immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance in metastatic melanoma." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-975.
Full text
10
Onnink, R., J. Gerritsma, and J. A. Keuning. "The Delft Systematic Yacht Hull (Series II) Experiments." In SNAME 10th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1991-003.
Full textAbstract:
The Delft systematic Yacht Hull Series (series I) has been extended with six hull forms which cover a range of medium to very light displacements. Upright and heeled resistance, as well as side force and stability have been measured for a large range of forward speeds. Polynomial expressions for the upright resistance, based on the combined Series I and II, are given for Froude numbers up to Fn = 0.60. The measured side force and induced resistance are analysed, and velocity predictions using Series I and II results are discussed.
Reports on the topic "Induced systemic resistance"
1
Michel Jr., Frederick C., Harry A. J. Hoitink, Yitzhak Hadar, and Dror Minz. Microbial Communities Active in Soil-Induced Systemic Plant Disease Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586476.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) is a highly variable property that can be induced by compost amendment of potting media and soils. For example, previous studies showed that only 1 of 79 potting mixes prepared with different batches of mature composts produced from several different types of solid wastes were able to suppress the severity of bacterial leaf spot of radish caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae compared with disease on plants produced in a nonamended sphagnum peat mix. In this project, microbial consortia in the rhizosphere of plants grown in ISR-active compost-amended substrates were characterized. The plants used included primarily cucumber but also tomato and radish. Rhizosphere microbial consortia were characterized using multiple molecular tools including DGGE (Israel) and T -RFLP (Ohio) in both ISR-active field plots and potting media. Universal as well as population-specific bacterial and fungal PCR primers were utilized. T -RFLP analyses using universal bacterial primers showed few significant differences in overall bacterial community composition in ISR-active and inactive substrates (Ohio). In addition, the community members which were significantly different varied when different ISR-activecomposts were used (Ohio). To better characterize the shifts in microbial community structure during the development of ISR, population specific molecular tools were developed (Israel, Ohio).-PCR primers were designed to detect and quantify bacterial groups including Pyrenomycetes, Bacillus, Pan toea, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Streptomyces as well as Trichoderma and Fusarium; two groups of fungi that harbor isolates which are ISR active (Isreal and Ohio). Bacterial consortia associated with cucumber plants grown in compost-amended potting mixtures were shown to be dominated by the phylogenetic taxon Bacteroidetes, including members of the genus Chryseobacterium, which in some cases have been shown to be involved in biocontrol (Israel). Nested-PCR-DGGE analyses coupled with long l6S rDNA sequencing, demonstrated that the Chryseobacteriumspp. detected on seed and the root in compost-amended treatments were derived from the compost itself. The most effective ISR inducing rhizobacterial strains were identified as Bacillus sp. based on partial sequencing of l6S rDNA. However, these strains were significantly less effective in reducing the severity of disease than Trichoderma hamatum382 (T382). A procedure was developed for inoculation of a compost-amended substrate with T -382 which consistently induced ISR in cucumber against Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsiciand in radish against bacterial spot (Ohio). Inoculation of compost-amended potting mixes with biocontrol agents such as T -382 and other microbes that induce systemic resistance in plants significantly increased the frequency of systemic disease control obtained with natural compost amendments.
2
Harman, Gary E., and Ilan Chet. Enhancement of plant disease resistance and productivity through use of root symbiotic fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695588.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives of the project were to (a) compare effects ofT22 and T-203 on growth promotion and induced resistance of maize inbred line Mol7; (b) follow induced resistance of pathogenesis-related proteins through changes in gene expression with a root and foliar pathogen in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203 and (c) to follow changes in the proteome of Mol? over time in roots and leaves in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203. The research built changes in our concepts regarding the effects of Trichoderma on plants; we hypothesized that there would be major changes in the physiology of plants and these would be reflected in changes in the plant proteome as a consequence of root infection by Trichoderma spp. Further, Trichoderma spp. differ in their effects on plants and these changes are largely a consequence of the production of different elicitors of elicitor mixtures that are produced in the zone of communication that is established by root infection by Trichoderma spp. In this work, we demonstrated that both T22 and T-203 increase growth and induce resistance to pathogens in maize. In Israel, it was shown that a hydrophobin is critical for root colonization by Trichoderma strains, and that peptaibols and an expansin-like protein from Ttrichoderma probably act as elicitors of induced resistance in plants. Further, this fungus induces the jasmonate/ethylene pathway of disease resistance and a specific cucumber MAPK is required for transduction of the resistance signal. This is the first such gene known to be induced by fungal systems. In the USA, extensive proteomic analyses of maize demonstrated a number of proteins are differentially regulated by T. harzianum strain T22. The pattern of up-regulation strongly supports the contention that this fungus induces increases in plant disease resistance, respiratory rates and photosynthesis. These are all very consistent with the observations of effects of the fungus on plants in the greenhouse and field. In addition, the chitinolytic complex of maize was examined. The numbers of maize genes encoding these enzymes was increased about 3-fold and their locations on maize chromosomes determined by sequence identification in specific BAC libraries on the web. One of the chitinolytic enzymes was determined to be a heterodimer between a specific exochitinase and different endochitinases dependent upon tissue differences (shoot or root) and the presence or absence of T. harzianum. These heterodimers, which were discovered in this work, are very strongly antifungal, especially the one from shoots in the presence of the biocontrol fungus. Finally, RNA was isolated from plants at Cornell and sent to Israel for transcriptome assessment using Affymetrix chips (the chips became available for maize at the end of the project). The data was sent back to Cornell for bioinformatic analyses and found, in large sense, to be consistent with the proteomic data. The final assessment of this data is just now possible since the full annotation of the sequences in the maize Affy chips is just now available. This work is already being used to discover more effective strains of Trichoderma. It also is expected to elucidate how we may be able to manipulate and breed plants for greater disease resistance, enhanced growth and yield and similar goals. This will be possible since the changes in gene and protein expression that lead to better plant performance can be elucidated by following changes induced by Trichoderma strains. The work was in, some parts, collaborative but in others, most specifically transcriptome analyses, fully synergistic.
3
Sessa, Guido, and Gregory Martin. Role of GRAS Transcription Factors in Tomato Disease Resistance and Basal Defense. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696520.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The research problem: Bacterial spot and bacterial speck diseases of tomato are causedby strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) and Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato (Pst), respectively. These bacteria colonize aerial parts of the plant and causesignificant losses in tomato production worldwide. Protection against Xcv and Pst bycultural practices or chemical control has been unsuccessful and there are only limitedsources of genetic resistance to these pathogens. In previous research supported in part byBARD IS-3237-01, we extensively characterized changes in tomato gene expression uponthe onset of spot and speck disease resistance. A remarkable finding of these studies wasthe inducibility in tomato leaves by both Xcv and Pst strains of genes encodingtranscriptional activator of the GRAS family, which has not been previously linked todisease resistance. Goals: Central goals of this research were to investigate the role of GRAS genes in tomatoinnate immunity and to assess their potential use for disease control.Specific objectives were to: 1. Identify GRAS genes that are induced in tomato during thedefense response and analyze their role in disease resistance by loss-of-function experiments.2. Overexpress GRAS genes in tomato and characterize plants for possible broad-spectrumresistance. 3. Identify genes whose transcription is regulated by GRAS family. Our main achievements during this research program are in three major areas:1. Identification of tomato GRAS family members induced in defense responses andanalysis of their role in disease resistance. Genes encoding tomato GRAS family memberswere retrieved from databases and analyzed for their inducibility by Pst avirulent bacteria.Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that six SlGRAS transcripts are induced during theonset of disease resistance to Pst. Further expression analysis of two selected GRAS genesshowed that they accumulate in tomato plants in response to different avirulent bacteria orto the fungal elicitor EIX. In addition, eight SlGRAS genes, including the Pst-induciblefamily members, were induced by mechanical stress in part in a jasmonic acid-dependentmanner. Remarkably, SlGRAS6 gene was found to be required for tomato resistance to Pstin virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments.2. Molecular analysis of pathogen-induced GRAS transcriptional activators. In aheterologous yeast system, Pst-inducible GRAS genes were shown to have the ability toactivate transcription in agreement with their putative function of transcription factors. Inaddition, deletion analysis demonstrated that short sequences at the amino-terminus ofSlGRAS2, SlGRAS4 and SlGRAS6 are sufficient for transcriptional activation. Finally,defense-related SlGRAS proteins were found to localize to the cell nucleus. 3. Disease resistance and expression profiles of transgenic plants overexpressing SlGRASgenes. Transgenic plants overexpressing SlGRAS3 or SlGRAS6 were generated. Diseasesusceptibility tests revealed that these plants are not more resistant to Pst than wild-typeplants. Gene expression profiles of the overexpressing plants identified putative direct orindirect target genes regulated by SlGRAS3 and SlGRAS6. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities established a novel linkbetween the GRAS family of transcription factors, plant disease resistance and mechanicalstress response. SlGRAS6 was found to be required for disease resistance to Pstsuggesting that this and possibly other GRAS family members are involved in thetranscriptional reprogramming that takes place during the onset of disease resistance.Their nuclear localization and transcriptional activation ability support their proposed roleas transcription factors or co-activators. However, the potential of utilizing GRAS familymembers for the improvement of plant disease resistance in agriculture has yet to bedemonstrated.
4
Loebenstein, Gad, William Dawson, and Abed Gera. Association of the IVR Gene with Virus Localization and Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604922.bard.
Full textAbstract:
We have reported that localization of TMV in tobacco cultivars with the N gene, is associated with a 23 K protein (IVR) that inhibited replication of several plant viruses. This protein was also found in induced resistant tissue of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi. During the present grant we found that TMV production is enhanced in protoplasts and plants of local lesion responding tobacco cultivars exposed to 35oC, parallel to an almost complete suppression of the production of IVR. We also found that IVR is associated with resistance mechanisms in pepper cultivars. We succeeded to clone the IVR gene. In the first attempt we isolated a clone - "101" which had a specific insert of 372 bp (the full length gene for the IVR protein of 23 kD should be around 700 bp). However, attempts to isolate the full length gene did not give clear cut results, and we decided not to continue with this clone. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminus of IVR was determined and an antiserum was prepared against a synthetic peptide representing amino acids residues 1-20 of IVR. Using this antiserum as well as our polyclonal antiserum to IVR a new clone NC-330 was isolated using lamba-ZAP library. This NC-330 clone has an insert of about 1 kB with an open reading frame of 596 bp. This clone had 86.6% homology with the first 15 amino acids of the N-terminal part of IVR and 61.6% homology with the first 23 amino acids of IVR. In the QIA expression system and western blotting of the expressed protein, a clear band of about 21 kD was obtained with IVR antiserum. This clone was used for transformation of Samsun tobacco plants and we have presently plantlets which were rooted on medium containing kanamycin. Hybridization with this clone was also obtained with RNA from induced resistant tissue of Samsun NN but not with RNA from healthy control tissue of Samsun NN, or infected or healthy tissue of Samsun. This further strengthens the previous data that the NC 330 clone codes for IVR. In the U.S. it was shown that IVR is induced in plants containing the N' gene when infected with mutants of TMV that elicit the HR. This is a defined system in which the elicitor is known to be due to permutations of the coat protein which can vary in elicitor strength. The objective was to understand how IVR synthesis is induced after recognition of elicitor coat protein in the signal transduction pathway that leads to HR. We developed systems to manipulate induction of IVR by modifying the elicitor and are using these elicitor molecules to isolate the corresponding plant receptor molecules. A "far-western" procedure was developed that found a protein from N' plants that specifically bind to elicitor coat proteins. This protein is being purified and sequenced. This objective has not been completed and is still in progress. We have reported that localization of TMV in tobacco cultivars with the N gene, is associated with a 23 K protein (IVR) that inhibited replication of several plant viruses. This protein was also found in induced resistant tissue of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi.
5
Hoitink, Harry A. J., Yitzhak Hadar, Laurence V. Madden, and Yona Chen. Sustained Suppression of Pythium Diseases: Interactions between Compost Maturity and Nutritional Requirements of Biocontrol Agents. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568755.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Several procedures were developed that predict maturity (stability) of composts prepared from municipal solid wastes (MSW). A respirometry procedure, based O2 uptake by compost, predicted (R2=0.90) the growth response of ryegrass in composts and an acceptable level of maturity. Spectroscopic methods (CPMAS13-NMR and DRIFT spectroscopy) showed that the stabilizing compost contained increasing levels of aromatic structures. All procedures predicted acceptable plant growth after approximately 110 days of composting. MSW compost suppressed diseases caused by a broad spectrum of plant pathogens including Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum. A strain of Pantoea agglomerans was identified that caused lysis of hyphae of R. solani. Evidence was obtained, suggesting that thermophilic biocontrol agents also might play a role in suppression. 13C-NMR spectra revealed that the longevity of the suppressive effect against Pythium root rot was determined by the concentration of readily biodegradable carbohydrate in the substrate, mostly present as cellulose. Bacterial species capable of inducing biocontrol were replaced by those not effective as suppression was lost. The rate of uptake of 14C-acetate into microbial biomass in the conducive substrate was not significantly different from that in the suppressive substrate although specific activity was higher. The suppressive composts induced systemic acquired resistance in cucumjber roots to Pythium root rot and to anthracnose in the foliage. Composts also increased peroxidase activity in plants by the conducive substrate did not have these effects. In summary, the composition of the organic fraction determined bacterial species composition and activity in the substrate, which in turn regulated plant gene expression relative to biological control.
6
Hoitink, Harry A. J., Yitzhak Hadar, Laurence V. Madden, and Yona Chen. Sustained Suppression of Pythium Diseases: Interactions between Compost Maturity and Nutritional Requirements of Biocontrol Agents. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568746.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Several procedures were developed that predict maturity (stability) of composts prepared from municipal solid wastes (MSW). A respirometry procedure, based O2 uptake by compost, predicted (R2=0.90) the growth response of ryegrass in composts and an acceptable level of maturity. Spectroscopic methods (CPMAS13-NMR and DRIFT spectroscopy) showed that the stabilizing compost contained increasing levels of aromatic structures. All procedures predicted acceptable plant growth after approximately 110 days of composting. MSW compost suppressed diseases caused by a broad spectrum of plant pathogens including Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum. A strain of Pantoea agglomerans was identified that caused lysis of hyphae of R. solani. Evidence was obtained, suggesting that thermophilic biocontrol agents also might play a role in suppression. 13C-NMR spectra revealed that the longevity of the suppressive effect against Pythium root rot was determined by the concentration of readily biodegradable carbohydrate in the substrate, mostly present as cellulose. Bacterial species capable of inducing biocontrol were replaced by those not effective as suppression was lost. The rate of uptake of 14C-acetate into microbial biomass in the conducive substrate was not significantly different from that in the suppressive substrate although specific activity was higher. The suppressive composts induced systemic acquired resistance in cucumjber roots to Pythium root rot and to anthracnose in the foliage. Composts also increased peroxidase activity in plants by the conducive substrate did not have these effects. In summary, the composition of the organic fraction determined bacterial species composition and activity in the substrate, which in turn regulated plant gene expression relative to biological control.
7
Fluhr, Robert, and Maor Bar-Peled. Novel Lectin Controls Wound-responses in Arabidopsis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697123.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Innate immune responses in animals and plants involve receptors that recognize microbe-associated molecules. In plants, one set of this defense system is characterized by large families of TIR–nucleotide binding site–leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) resistance genes. The direct interaction between plant proteins harboring the TIR domain with proteins that transmit and facilitate a signaling pathway has yet to be shown. The Arabidopsis genome encodes TIR-domain containing genes that lack NBS and LRR whose functions are unknown. Here we investigated the functional role of such protein, TLW1 (TIR LECTIN WOUNDRESPONSIVE1). The TLW1 gene encodes a protein with two domains: a TIR domain linked to a lectin-containing domain. Our specific aim in this proposal was to examine the ramifications of the TL1-glycan interaction by; A) The functional characterization of TL1 activity in the context of plant wound response and B) Examine the hypothesis that wounding induced specific polysaccharides and examine them as candidates for TL-1 interactive glycan compounds. The Weizmann group showed TLW1 transcripts are rapidly induced by wounding in a JA-independent pathway and T-DNA-tagged tlw1 mutants that lack TLW1 transcripts, fail to initiate the full systemic wound response. Transcriptome methodology analysis was set up and transcriptome analyses indicates a two-fold reduced level of JA-responsive but not JA-independent transcripts. The TIR domain of TLW1 was found to interact directly with the KAT2/PED1 gene product responsible for the final b-oxidation steps in peroxisomal-basedJA biosynthesis. To identify potential binding target(s) of TL1 in plant wound response, the CCRC group first expressed recombinant TL1 in bacterial cells and optimized conditions for the protein expression. TL1 was most highly expressed in ArcticExpress cell line. Different types of extraction buffers and extraction methods were used to prepare plant extracts for TL1 binding assay. Optimized condition for glycan labeling was determined, and 2-aminobenzamide was used to label plant extracts. Sensitivity of MALDI and LC-MS using standard glycans. THAP (2,4,6- Trihydroxyacetophenone) showed minimal background peaks at positive mode of MALDI, however, it was insensitive with a minimum detection level of 100 ng. Using LC-MS, sensitivity was highly increased enough to detect 30 pmol concentration. However, patterns of total glycans displayed no significant difference between different extraction conditions when samples were separated with Dionex ICS-2000 ion chromatography system. Transgenic plants over-expressing lectin domains were generated to obtain active lectin domain in plant cells. Insertion of the overexpression construct into the plant genome was confirmed by antibiotic selection and genomic DNA PCR. However, RT-PCR analysis was not able to detect increased level of the transcripts. Binding ability of azelaic acid to recombinant TL1. Azelaic acid was detected in GST-TL1 elution fraction, however, DHB matrix has the same mass in background signals, which needs to be further tested on other matrices. The major findings showed the importance of TLW1 in regulating wound response. The findings demonstrate completely novel and unexpected TIR domain interactions and reveal a control nexus and mechanism that contributes to the propagation of wound responses in Arabidopsis. The implications are to our understanding of the function of TIR domains and to the notion that early molecular events occur systemically within minutes of a plant sustaining a wound. A WEB site (http://genome.weizmann.ac.il/hormonometer/) was set up that enables scientists to interact with a collated plant hormone database.
8
Avni, Adi, and Kirankumar S. Mysore. Functional Genomics Approach to Identify Signaling Components Involved in Defense Responses Induced by the Ethylene Inducing Xyalanase Elicitor. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7697100.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Plant-microbe interactions involve a large number of global regulatory systems, which are essential for plants to protect themselves against pathogen attack. An ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX) of Trichoderma viride is a potent elicitor of plant defense responses, like hypersensitive response (HR), in specific cultivars of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The central goal of this proposal was to investigate the molecular mechanisms that allow plants to specifically activate defense responses after EIX treatment. We proposed to identify cellular signaling components involved in the induction of HR by the EIX elicitor. The molecular genetic analysis of the signal transduction pathway that modulates hypersensitive responses is an important step in understanding the induction of plant defense responses. The genes that mediate LeEIX2-EIX dependent activation of resistance mechanisms remain to be identified. We used two approaches to identify the cellular signaling components that induce HR mediated by the EIX elicitor. In the first approach, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening using LeEix2 as bait to identify plant proteins that interact with it. In the second approach, we used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) for a high-throughput screen to identify genes that are required for the induction of LeEIX2-EIX mediated HR. VIGS will also be used for functional characterization of genes that will be identified during the yeast two-hybrid screen. This investigation will shed light on cellular processes and signaling components involved in induction of general plant defense against pathogens and will provide the basis for future biotechnological approaches to improve plant resistance to pathogens. Several genes were indentified by the two approaches. We used the VIGS and yeast two hybrid approaches to confirm that activity of the genes initially identified by different procedure. Two genes inhibit the induction of HR by the fungal elicitor in the different systems; Tobacco-Harpin binding protein 1 and cyclopropyl isomerase.
9
Palukaitis, Peter, Amit Gal-On, Milton Zaitlin, and Victor Gaba. Virus Synergy in Transgenic Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573074.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Transgenic plants expressing viral genes offer novel means of engendering resistance to those viruses. However, some viruses interact synergistically with other viruses and it is now known that transgenic plants expressing particular genes of one virus may also mediate synergy with a second virus. Thus, our specific objectives were to (1) determine if transgenic plants resistant to one virus showed synergy with another virus; (2) determine what viral sequences were essential for synergy; and (3) determine whether one of more mechanisms were involved i synergy. This project would also enable an evaluation of the risks of synergism associated with the use of such transgenic plants. The conclusion deriving from this project are as follows: - There is more than one mechanism of synergy. - The CMV 2b gene is required for synergistic interactions. - Synergy between a potyvirus and CMV can break natural resistance limiting CMV movement. - Synergy operates at two levels - increase in virus accumulation and increase in pathology - independently of each other. - Various sequences of CMV can interact with the host to alter pathogenicity and affect virus accumulation. - The effect of synergy on CMV satellite RNA accumulatio varies in different systems. - The HC-Pro gene may only function in host plant species to induce synergy. - The HC-Pro is a host range determinant of potyviruses. - Transgenic plants expressing some viral sequences showed synergy with one or more viruses. Transgenic plants expressing CMV RNA 1, PVY NIb and the TMV 30K gene all showed synergy with at least one unrelated virus. - Transgenic plants expressing some viral sequences showed interference with the infection of unrelated viruses. Transgenic plants expressing the TMV 30K, 54K and 126K genes, the PVY NIb gene, or the CMV 3a gene all showed some level of interference with the accumulation (and in some cases the pathology) of unrelated viruses. From our observations, there are agricultural implications to the above conclusions. It is apparent that before they are released commercially, transgenic plants expressing viral sequences for resistance to one virus need to be evaluated fro two properties: - Synergism to unrelated viruses that infect the same plant. Most of these evaluations can be made in the greenhouse, and many can be predicted from the known literature of viruses known to interact with each other. In other cases, where transgenic plants are being generated from new plant species, the main corresponding viruses from the same known interacting genera (e.g., potexviruses and cucumoviruses, potyviruses and cucumoviruses, tobamoviruses and potexviruses, etc.) should be evaluated. - Inhibition or enhancement of other resistance genes. Although it is unlikely that plants to be released would be transformed with HC-Pro or 2b genes, there may be other viral genes that can affect the expression of plant genes encoding resistance to other pathogens. Therefore, transgenic plants expressing viral genes to engender pathogen-derived resistance should be evaluated against a spectrum of other pathogens, to determine whether those resistance activities are still present, have been lost, or have been enhanced!
10
Norelli, John L., Moshe Flaishman, Herb Aldwinckle, and David Gidoni. Regulated expression of site-specific DNA recombination for precision genetic engineering of apple. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587214.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: The original objectives of this project were to: 1) evaluate inducible promoters for the expression of recombinase in apple (USDA-ARS); 2) develop alternative selectable markers for use in apple to facilitate the positive selection of gene excision by recombinase (Cornell University); 3) compare the activity of three different recombinase systems (Cre/lox, FLP/FRT, and R/RS)in apple using a rapid transient assay (ARO); and 4) evaluate the use of recombinase systems in apple using the best promoters, selectable markers and recombinase systems identified in 1, 2 and 3 above (Collaboratively). Objective 2 was revised from the development alternative selectable markers, to the development of a marker-free selection system for apple. This change in approach was taken due to the inefficiency of the alternative markers initially evaluated in apple, phosphomannose-isomerase and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase, and the regulatory advantages of a marker-free system. Objective 3 was revised to focus primarily on the FLP/FRT recombinase system, due to the initial success obtained with this recombinase system. Based upon cooperation between researchers (see Achievements below), research to evaluate the use of the FLP recombinase system under light-inducible expression in apple was then conducted at the ARO (Objective 4). Background: Genomic research and genetic engineering have tremendous potential to enhance crop performance, improve food quality and increase farm profits. However, implementing the knowledge of genomics through genetically engineered fruit crops has many hurdles to be overcome before it can become a reality in the orchard. Among the most important hurdles are consumer concerns regarding the safety of transgenics and the impact this may have on marketing. The goal of this project was to develop plant transformation technologies to mitigate these concerns. Major achievements: Our results indicate activity of the FLP\FRTsite-specific recombination system for the first time in apple, and additionally, we show light- inducible activation of the recombinase in trees. Initial selection of apple transformation events is conducted under dark conditions, and tissue cultures are then moved to light conditions to promote marker excision and plant development. As trees are perennial and - cross-fertilization is not practical, the light-induced FLP-mediated recombination approach shown here provides an alternative to previously reported chemically induced recombinase approaches. In addition, a method was developed to transform apple without the use of herbicide or antibiotic resistance marker genes (marker free). Both light and chemically inducible promoters were developed to allow controlled gene expression in fruit crops. Implications: The research supported by this grant has demonstrated the feasibility of "marker excision" and "marker free" transformation technologies in apple. The use of these safer technologies for the genetic enhancement of apple varieties and rootstocks for various traits will serve to mitigate many of the consumer and environmental concerns facing the commercialization of these improved varieties.