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Journal articles on the topic 'Induced-neural stem cells'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Kim, Jeong Beom, Holm Zaehres, Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo, and Hans R. Schöler. "Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from neural stem cells." Nature Protocols 4, no. 10 (September 17, 2009): 1464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2009.173.

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2

Sun, Guoqiang, Chelsea Fu, Caroline Shen, and Yanhong Shi. "Histone Deacetylases in Neural Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/835968.

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Stem cells have provided great hope for the treatment of a variety of human diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell pluripotency, self-renewal, and differentiation remain to be unveiled. Epigenetic regulators, including histone deacetylases (HDACs), have been shown to coordinate with cell-intrinsic transcription factors and various signaling pathways to regulate stem cell pluripotency, self-renewal, and fate determination. This paper focuses on the role of HDACs in the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells and the application of HDAC inhibitors in reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). It promises to be an active area of future research.

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3

Ma, Ming-San, Marcin Czepiel, Tina Krause, Karl-Herbert Schäfer, Erik Boddeke, and Sjef Copray. "Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Hair Follicle Bulge Neural Crest Stem Cells." Cellular Reprogramming 16, no. 5 (October 2014): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cell.2014.0018.

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4

Shi, Zixiao, and Jianwei Jiao. "Direct lineage conversion: induced neuronal cells and induced neural stem cells." Protein & Cell 3, no. 11 (September 21, 2012): 826–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13238-012-2068-8.

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5

Lee, Jangbo. "Induced Neural Stem Cells Protect Neuronal Cells against Apoptosis." Medical Science Monitor 20 (2014): 2759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/msm.891343.

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6

Shahbazi, Ebrahim, Fahimeh Mirakhori, Vahid Ezzatizadeh, and Hossein Baharvand. "Reprogramming of somatic cells to induced neural stem cells." Methods 133 (January 2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.09.007.

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7

Shin, Woo Jung, Ji‐Hye Seo, Hyun Woo Choi, Yean Ju Hong, Won Ji Lee, Jung Il Chae, Sung Joo Kim, et al. "Derivation of primitive neural stem cells from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells." Journal of Comparative Neurology 527, no. 18 (June 20, 2019): 3023–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.24727.

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8

TANG, Xihe, Meigang YU, Rui HUANG, Shengyong LAN, and Yimin FAN. "Comparative characterization of human fetal neural stem cells and induced neural stem cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells." BIOCELL 44, no. 1 (2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2020.07593.

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9

Xi, Guangjun, Pingfang Hu, Cunye Qu, Shenfeng Qiu, Chang Tong, and Qi-Long Ying. "Induced Neural Stem Cells Generated from Rat Fibroblasts." Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 11, no. 5 (October 2013): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gpb.2013.09.003.

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10

Hermann, Andreas, and Alexander Storch. "Induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) in neurodegenerative diseases." Journal of Neural Transmission 120, S1 (May 30, 2013): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-013-1042-9.

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11

Wang, Aijun, Zhenyu Tang, In-Hyun Park, Yiqian Zhu, Shyam Patel, George Q. Daley, and Song Li. "Induced pluripotent stem cells for neural tissue engineering." Biomaterials 32, no. 22 (August 2011): 5023–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.03.070.

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12

Kim, Jeong Beom, Vittorio Sebastiano, Guangming Wu, Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo, Philipp Sasse, Luca Gentile, Kinarm Ko, et al. "Oct4-Induced Pluripotency in Adult Neural Stem Cells." Cell 136, no. 3 (February 2009): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.023.

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13

Farkhondeh, Atena, Rong Li, Kirill Gorshkov, Kevin G. Chen, Matthew Might, Steven Rodems, Donald C. Lo, and Wei Zheng. "Induced pluripotent stem cells for neural drug discovery." Drug Discovery Today 24, no. 4 (April 2019): 992–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2019.01.007.

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14

Sato, Anna, Tomoyuki Kanamatsu, and Banri Yamanoha. "Inductions of neural stem cells and neurons from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells." Neuroscience Research 68 (January 2010): e358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1586.

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15

Maruyama, Masato, Takeshi Houtani, Stefan Trifonov, Masahiko Kase, and Tetsuo Sugimoto. "Effective purification of neural stem cells derived from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells." Neuroscience Research 65 (January 2009): S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.389.

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16

Zhang, Jia-Qing, Xin-Bing Yu, Bao-Feng Ma, Wei-Hua Yu, Ai-Xia Zhang, Guo Huang, Frank Fuxiang Mao, et al. "Neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells induced by conditioned medium from neural stem cell." NeuroReport 17, no. 10 (July 2006): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wnr.0000227977.60271.ca.

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17

Deleidi, Michela, Gunnar Hargus, Penelope Hallett, Teresia Osborn, and Ole Isacson. "Development of Histocompatible Primate-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Neural Transplantation." STEM CELLS 29, no. 7 (June 29, 2011): 1052–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.662.

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18

Kim, Jeong Beom, Holm Zaehres, Guangming Wu, Luca Gentile, Kinarm Ko, Vittorio Sebastiano, Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo, et al. "Pluripotent stem cells induced from adult neural stem cells by reprogramming with two factors." Nature 454, no. 7204 (June 29, 2008): 646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07061.

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19

Yuan, Ti-Fei, and Oscar Arias-Carrión. "Locally induced neural stem cells/pluripotent stem cells for in vivo cell replacement therapy." International Archives of Medicine 1, no. 1 (2008): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1755-7682-1-17.

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20

Wang, Yang, Nian‑Hua Feng, Zhifeng Deng, An Xie, Yuan‑Lei Lou, and Qiong‑Fang Ruan. "Induction and culture of neural stem cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells." Cell Biology International 34, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cbi034s040d.

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21

Gallegos-Cardenas, A., K. Wang, E. T. Jordan, R. West, F. D. West, J. Y. Yang, and S. L. Stice. "191 ROBUST GENERATION OF NEURAL STEM CELLS FROM PIG INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS FOR TRANSLATIONAL NEURAL REGENERATIVE MEDICINE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, no. 1 (2014): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv26n1ab191.

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The generation of pig induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) opened the possibility to evaluate autologous neural cell therapy as a viable option for human patients. However, it is necessary to demonstrate whether pig iPSC are capable of in vitro neural differentiation similar to human iPSC in order to perform in vitro and in vivo comparative studies. Multiple laboratories have generated pig iPSC that have been characterised using pluripotent markers such as SSEA4 and POU5F1. However, correlations of pluripotent marker expression profiles among iPSC lines and their neural differentiation potential has not been fully explored. Because neural rosettes (NR) are composed of neural stem cells, our goal was to demonstrate that NR from pig iPSC can be generated, isolated, and expanded in vitro from multiple porcine iPSC lines similar to human iPSC and that the level of pluripotency in the starting porcine iPSC population (POUF51 and SSEA4 expression) could influence NRs development. Three lines of pig iPSC L1, L2, and L3 were cultured on matrigel-coated plates in mTeSR1 medium (Stemcell Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada) and passaged every 3 to 4 days. For neural induction (NI), pig iPSC were disaggregated using dispase and plated. After 24 h, cells were maintained in N2 media [77% DMEM/F12, 10 ng mL–1 bovine fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and 1X N2] for 15 days. To evaluate the differentiation potential to neuron and glial cells, NR were isolated, expanded in vitro and cultured for three weeks in AB2 medium (AB2, 1X ANS, and 2 mM L-Glutamine). Immunostaining assays were performed to determine pluripotent (POU5F1 and SSEA4), tight junction (ZO1), neural epithelial (Pax6 and Sox1), neuron (Tuj1), astrocyte (GFAP), and oligodendrocyte (O4) marker expression. Line L2 (POU5F1high and SSEA4low) showed a high potential to form NR (6.3.5%, P < 0.05) in comparison to the other 2 lines L1 (POU5F1low and SSEA4low) and L3 (POU5F1low and SSEA4high) upon NI. The NR immunocytochemistry results from Line L2 showed the presence of Pax6+ and Sox1– NRs cells at day 9 post-neural induction and that ZO1 started to localise at the apical border of NRs. At day 13, NRs cells were Pax6+ and Sox1+, and ZO1 was localised to the lumen of NR. After isolation and culture in vitro, NR cells expressed transcription factors PLAGL1, DACH1, and OTX2 through 2 passages, but were not detected in later passages. However, rosette cytoarchitecture was present up until passage 7 and were still Pax6+/Sox1+. NRs at passage 2 were cryopreserved and upon thaw showed normal NR morphology and were Pax6+/Sox1+. To characterise the plasticity of NRs, cells were differentiated. Tuj1 expression was predominant after differentiation indicating a bias towards a neuron phenotype. These results demonstrate that L2 pig iPSC (POUF51high and SSEA4low) have a high potential to form NR and neural differentiation parallels human iPSC neurulation events. Porcine iPSC should be considered as a large animal model for determining the safety and efficacy of human iPSC neural cell therapies.

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22

Yao, Yingjia, Xicai Liang, Yue Shi, Ying Lin, and Jingxian Yang. "Osthole Delays Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Premature Senescence in Neural Stem Cells." Cellular Reprogramming 20, no. 4 (August 2018): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cell.2018.0010.

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23

Tang, Hailiang, Hongying Sha, Huaping Sun, Xing Wu, Liqian Xie, Pu Wang, Chengshi Xu, et al. "Tracking Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells–Derived Neural Stem Cells in the Central Nervous System of Rats and Monkeys." Cellular Reprogramming 15, no. 5 (October 2013): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cell.2012.0081.

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24

Lu, Pan, Shan Lei, Weisong Li, Yang Lu, Juan Zheng, Ning Wang, Yongjun Xia, et al. "Dexmedetomidine Protects Neural Stem Cells from Ketamine-Induced Injury." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 47, no. 4 (2018): 1377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490823.

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Background/Aims: Ketamine inhibits the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and disturbs normal neurogenesis. Dexmedetomidine provides neuroprotection against volatile anesthetic-induced neuroapoptosis and cognitive impairment in the developing brain. Whether it may protect NSCs from ketamine-induced injury remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of dexmedetomidine on ketamine-exposed NSCs and explored the mechanisms potentially involved. Methods: Primary NSC cultures were characterized using immunofluorescence. Cell viability was determined using a Cell Counting Kit 8 assay. Proliferation and apoptosis were assessed with BrdU incorporation and TUNEL assays, respectively. Protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β) were quantified using western blotting. Results: Ket-amine significantly decreased NSC viability and proliferation and increased their apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine increased NSC proliferation and decreased their apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, dexmedetomidine pretreatment notably augmented the viability and proliferation of ketamine-exposed NSCs and reduced their apoptosis. Moreover, dexmedetomidine lessened caspase-3 activation and increased p-Akt and p-GSK-3β levels in NSCs exposed to ketamine. The protective effects of dexmedetomidine on ketamine-exposed NSCs could be partly reversed by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings indicate that dexmedetomidine may protect NSCs from ketamine-induced injury via the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.

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25

Mou, Xiaoning, Shu Wang, Xiaowang Liu, Weibo Guo, Jianhua Li, Jichuan Qiu, Xin Yu, et al. "Static pressure-induced neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells." Nanoscale 9, no. 28 (2017): 10031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr00744b.

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26

Stronati, Eleonora, Roberta Conti, Emanuele Cacci, Silvia Cardarelli, Stefano Biagioni, and Giancarlo Poiana. "Extracellular Vesicle-Induced Differentiation of Neural Stem Progenitor Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 15 (July 27, 2019): 3691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153691.

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Neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs) from E13.5 mouse embryos can be maintained in culture under proliferating conditions. Upon growth-factor removal, they may differentiate toward either neuronal or glial phenotypes or both. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that are part of the cell secretome; they may contain and deliver both proteins and genetic material and thus play a role in cell–cell communication, guide axonal growth, modulate synaptic activity and regulate peripheral nerve regeneration. In this work, we were interested in determining whether NSPCs and their progeny can produce and secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) and if their content can affect cell differentiation. Our results indicate that cultured NSPCs produce and secrete EVs both under proliferating conditions and after differentiation. Treatment of proliferating NSPCs with EVs derived from differentiated NSPCs triggers cell differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by glial- and neuronal-marker expression.

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27

Sevgili, Elvin, Ejder Saylav Bora, Güliz Armagan, Alper Erdoğan, and Taner Dagcı. "Vinpocetine attenuates manganese-induced toxicity in neural stem cells." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 96 (July 2016): S50—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.107.

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28

Machado, Lucas Simões, Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri, Ramon Cesar Botigelli, Raquel Vasconcelos Guimarães Castro, Aline Fernanda Souza, Alessandra Bridi, Marina Amaro Lima, et al. "Generation of neural progenitor cells from porcine‐induced pluripotent stem cells." Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 14, no. 12 (November 23, 2020): 1880–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/term.3143.

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29

Cheng, Yu-Shan, Shu Yang, Junjie Hong, Rong Li, Jeanette Beers, Jizhong Zou, Wenwei Huang, and Wei Zheng. "Modeling CNS Involvement in Pompe Disease Using Neural Stem Cells Generated from Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells." Cells 10, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10010008.

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Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) gene. Acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency leads to abnormal glycogen accumulation in patient cells. Given the increasing evidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in classic infantile Pompe disease, we used neural stem cells, differentiated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells, to model the neuronal phenotype of Pompe disease. These Pompe neural stem cells exhibited disease-related phenotypes including glycogen accumulation, increased lysosomal staining, and secondary lipid buildup. These morphological phenotypes in patient neural stem cells provided a tool for drug efficacy evaluation. Two potential therapeutic agents, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and δ-tocopherol, were tested along with recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA) in this cell-based Pompe model. Treatment with rhGAA reduced LysoTracker staining in Pompe neural stem cells, indicating reduced lysosome size. Additionally, treatment of diseased neural stem cells with the combination of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and δ-tocopherol significantly reduced the disease phenotypes. These results demonstrated patient-derived Pompe neural stem cells could be used as a model to study disease pathogenesis, to evaluate drug efficacy, and to screen compounds for drug discovery in the context of correcting CNS defects.

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30

Wang, Y., and M.-M. Dong. "In vitro induction and differentiation of newborn guinea pig hippocampus neural stem cells into cells resembling inner hair cells, using artificial perilymph." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 125, no. 8 (June 7, 2011): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111000922.

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AbstractObjective:To investigate whether artificial perilymph can induce neural stem cells, derived from the hippocampus of newborn guinea pigs, to differentiate into inner ear hair cells, in vitro.Methods:Primary neural stem cells derived from the hippocampus of newborn guinea pigs were incubated in medium containing either 10 per cent fetal bovine serum or 5, 10 or 15 per cent artificial perilymph, for three weeks. Differentiated cells were identified using immunofluorescence, Western blot and scanning electron microscopy.Results:Both fetal bovine serum and artificial perilymph induced the neural stem cells to differentiate into cells with hair-cell-specific antibodies.Conclusion:Neural stem cells can survive in both fetal bovine serum and artificial perilymph, and within these media can differentiate into cells with hair-cell-specific antibodies. This provides an experimental basis for transplantation of neural stem cells into the inner ear.

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31

Liu, Jia. "Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells: new hope for stroke?" Stem Cell Research & Therapy 4, no. 5 (2013): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/scrt326.

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32

Lee, Esther Xingwei, Dang Hoang Lam, Chunxiao Wu, Jing Yang, Chee Kian Tham, Wai Hoe Ng, and Shu Wang. "Glioma Gene Therapy Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Neural Stem Cells." Molecular Pharmaceutics 8, no. 5 (July 22, 2011): 1515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mp200127u.

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33

Liu, Bing-Chun, Fang-Yuan Liu, Xin-Yue Gao, Yang-Lin Chen, Qiao-Qiao Meng, Yong-Li Song, Xi-He Li, and Si-Qin Bao. "Global Transcriptional Analyses of the Wnt-Induced Development of Neural Stem Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 7473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147473.

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The differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to neural stem cells (NSCs) is the key initial event in neurogenesis and is thought to be dependent on the family of Wnt growth factors, their receptors and signaling proteins. The delineation of the transcriptional pathways that mediate Wnt-induced hPSCs to NSCs differentiation is vital for understanding the global genomic mechanisms of the development of NSCs and, potentially, the creation of new protocols in regenerative medicine. To understand the genomic mechanism of Wnt signaling during NSCs development, we treated hPSCs with Wnt activator (CHIR-99021) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in a chemically defined medium (N2B27) to induce NSCs, referred to as CLNSCs. The CLNSCs were subcultured for more than 40 passages in vitro; were positive for AP staining; expressed neural progenitor markers such as NESTIN, PAX6, SOX2, and SOX1; and were able to differentiate into three neural lineage cells: neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in vitro. Our transcriptome analyses revealed that the Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways regulate hPSCs cell fate decisions for neural lineages and maintain the self-renewal of CLNSCs. One interesting network could be the deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in CLNSCs via the downregulation of c-MYC, which may promote exit from pluripotency and neural differentiation. The Wnt-induced spinal markers HOXA1-4, HOXA7, HOXB1-4, and HOXC4 were increased, however, the brain markers FOXG1 and OTX2, were absent in the CLNSCs, indicating that CLNSCs have partial spinal cord properties. Finally, a CLNSC simple culture condition, when applied to hPSCs, supports the generation of NSCs, and provides a new and efficient cell model with which to untangle the mechanisms during neurogenesis.

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34

Ren, Yiqian, Yao Qiang, Xinrui Duan, and Zhengping Li. "The distinct difference in azido sugar metabolic rate between neural stem cells and fibroblasts and its application for decontamination of chemically induced neural stem cells." Chemical Communications 56, no. 15 (2020): 2344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc09362a.

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35

Borhani-Haghighi, Maryam, and Yousef Mohamadi. "The protective effects of neural stem cells and neural stem cells-conditioned medium against inflammation-induced prenatal brain injury." Journal of Neuroimmunology 360 (November 2021): 577707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577707.

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36

Bentz, Kristine, Marek Molcanyi, Simone Hess, Annette Schneider, Juergen Hescheler, Edmund Neugebauer, and Ute Schaefer. "Neural Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells is Induced by Signalling from Non-Neural Niche Cells." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 18, no. 4-5 (2006): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000097674.

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37

Maruyama, Masato, Yuji Yamashita, Masahiko Kase, Stefan Trifonov, and Tetsuo Sugimoto. "Lineage-Specific Purification of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells From Differentiated Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells." STEM CELLS Translational Medicine 2, no. 6 (May 21, 2013): 420–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5966/sctm.2012-0139.

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38

Yang, Guang, Hyenjong Hong, April Torres, Kristen Malloy, Gourav Choudhury, Jeffrey Kim, and Marcel Daadi. "Standards for Deriving Nonhuman Primate-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Neural Stem Cells and Dopaminergic Lineage." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (September 17, 2018): 2788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092788.

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Humans and nonhuman primates (NHP) are similar in behavior and in physiology, specifically the structure, function, and complexity of the immune system. Thus, NHP models are desirable for pathophysiology and pharmacology/toxicology studies. Furthermore, NHP-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may enable transformative developmental, translational, or evolutionary studies in a field of inquiry currently hampered by the limited availability of research specimens. NHP-iPSCs may address specific questions that can be studied back and forth between in vitro cellular assays and in vivo experimentations, an investigational process that in most cases cannot be performed on humans because of safety and ethical issues. The use of NHP model systems and cell specific in vitro models is evolving with iPSC-based three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems and organoids, which may offer reliable in vitro models and reduce the number of animals used in experimental research. IPSCs have the potential to give rise to defined cell types of any organ of the body. However, standards for deriving defined and validated NHP iPSCs are missing. Standards for deriving high-quality iPSC cell lines promote rigorous and replicable scientific research and likewise, validated cell lines reduce variability and discrepancies in results between laboratories. We have derived and validated NHP iPSC lines by confirming their pluripotency and propensity to differentiate into all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) according to standards and measurable limits for a set of marker genes. The iPSC lines were characterized for their potential to generate neural stem cells and to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons. These iPSC lines are available to the scientific community. NHP-iPSCs fulfill a unique niche in comparative genomics to understand gene regulatory principles underlying emergence of human traits, in infectious disease pathogenesis, in vaccine development, and in immunological barriers in regenerative medicine.

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39

Song, Liqing, Ang-Chen Tsai, Xuegang Yuan, Julie Bejoy, Sébastien Sart, Teng Ma, and Yan Li. "Neural Differentiation of Spheroids Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells–Mesenchymal Stem Cells Coculture." Tissue Engineering Part A 24, no. 11-12 (June 2018): 915–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0403.

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40

Choi, Hyun Woo, Yean Ju Hong, Jong Soo Kim, Hyuk Song, Ssang Gu Cho, Hojae Bae, Changsung Kim, Sung June Byun, and Jeong Tae Do. "In vivo differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into neural stem cells by chimera formation." PLOS ONE 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): e0170735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170735.

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41

Maruyama, Masato, Yuji Yamashita, Stefan Trifonov, Masahiko Kase, Jun-ichi Shimizu, and Tetsuo Sugimoto. "Purification of neural stem cells derived from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells by drug selection." Neuroscience Research 71 (September 2011): e330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1443.

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42

Onorati, Marco, Stefano Camnasio, Maurizio Binetti, Christian B. Jung, Alessandra Moretti, and Elena Cattaneo. "Neuropotent self-renewing neural stem (NS) cells derived from mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells." Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 43, no. 3 (March 2010): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2009.12.002.

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43

Wada, Tamaki, Norie Tooi, Makoto Honda, Kazuhiro Aiba, and Norio Nakatsuji. "Neural cell differentiation protocols from human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells." Neuroscience Research 65 (January 2009): S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.132.

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44

Kulcenty, Katarzyna, Joanna P. Wroblewska, Marcin Rucinski, Emilia Kozlowska, Karol Jopek, and Wiktoria M. Suchorska. "MicroRNA Profiling During Neural Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 15 (July 26, 2019): 3651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153651.

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MicroRNAs (miRNA) play an essential role in the regulation of gene expression and influence signaling networks responsible for several cellular processes like differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Despite several studies on the neurogenesis process, no global analysis of microRNA expression during differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to neuronal stem cells (NSC) has been done. Therefore, we compared the profile of microRNA expression in iPSC lines and in NSC lines derived from them, using microarray-based analysis. Two different protocols for NSC formation were used: Direct and two-step via neural rosette formation. We confirmed the new associations of previously described miRNAs in regulation of NSC differentiation from iPSC. We discovered upregulation of miR-10 family, miR-30 family and miR-9 family and downregulation of miR-302 and miR-515 family expression. Moreover, we showed that miR-10 family play a crucial role in the negative regulation of genes expression belonging to signaling pathways involved in neural differentiation: WNT signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells.

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Biswas, Dhruba, and Peng Jiang. "Chemically Induced Reprogramming of Somatic Cells to Pluripotent Stem Cells and Neural Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 2 (February 6, 2016): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17020226.

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Peng, Chunyang, Yajiao Li, Li Lu, Jianwen Zhu, Huiyu Li, and Jingqiong Hu. "Efficient One-Step Induction of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UC-MSCs) Produces MSC-Derived Neurospheres (MSC-NS) with Unique Transcriptional Profile and Enhanced Neurogenic and Angiogenic Secretomes." Stem Cells International 2019 (December 18, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9208173.

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Cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for treating neurological diseases such as stroke, spinal cord injury, and various neurodegenerative diseases, but both embryonic neural stem cells and human induced Pluripotent Stem Cell- (iPSC-) derived neural stem cells have major limitations which restrict their broad use in these diseases. We want to find a one-step induction method to transdifferentiate the more easily accessible Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UC-MSCs) into neural stem/progenitor cells suitable for cell therapy purposes. In this study, UC-MSCs were induced to form neurospheres under a serum-free suspension culture with Epidermal Growth Factor- (EGF-) and basic Fibroblast Growth Factor- (bFGF-) containing medium within 12 hours. These MSC-derived neurospheres can self-renew to form secondary neurospheres and can be readily induced to become neurons and glial cells. Real-time PCR showed significantly upregulated expression of multiple stemness and neurogenic genes after induction. RNA transcriptional profiling study showed that UC-MSC-derived neurospheres had a unique transcriptional profile of their own, with features of both UC-MSCs and neural stem cells. RayBio human growth factor cytokine array analysis showed significantly upregulated expression levels of multiple neurogenic and angiogenic growth factors, skewing toward a neural stem cell phenotype. Thus, we believe that these UC-MSC-derived neurospheres have amenable features of both MSCs and neural stem/progenitor cells and have great potential in future stem cell transplantation clinical trials targeting neurological disorders.

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Shevchenko, K. M. "Neural crest cells and their potential therapeutic applications." Morphologia 15, no. 3 (December 25, 2021): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.39-49.

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Neural crest (NC) is a population of cells, formed at the intersection between non-neural ectoderm and neural tube. Neural crest progenitors are multipotent, have capacity to extensive migration and self-renewal. They can be differentiated into various cells types from craniofacial skeletal tissues to components of peripheral nervous system. Influence of signaling molecules and transcription factors, which are expressed at the different stages regulate development of NC. The regulatory network of genes determines the processes of induction, specification, migration and differentiation of neural crest cells (NCC). The purpose of this article is to compare the characteristics of NCC, obtained from tissues of the embryo, fetus and adult; experimental strategies for obtaining NCC from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, skin fibroblasts; comparison of the potential of different cell types for therapeutic use in a clinical setting. Embryonic stem NCC are differentiated to the trunk, cranial, cardiac, circumpharyngeal and vagal according to the area of their initial migration. Mature stem NCC can be obtained from the dorsal root ganglia, red bone marrow, hair follicle, skin, intestines, carotid body, heart, cornea, iris, dental pulp, hard palate and oral mucosa. Genetic mutations may lead to failure of regulation of NC development, which leads to many congenital human diseases such as cardiovascular defects, craniofacial abnormalities and intestinal aganglionosis, collectively known as neurocristopathies. The identification and isolation of multipotent stem NCC derived from adult tissues, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells are promising source for regenerative medicine.

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Kunkanjanawan, Tanut, Richard Carter, Kwan-Sung Ahn, Jinjing Yang, Rangsun Parnpai, and Anthony W. S. Chan. "Induced Pluripotent HD Monkey Stem Cells Derived Neural Cells for Drug Discovery." SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 22, no. 6 (December 27, 2016): 696–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555216685044.

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Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by an expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeat (polyglutamine [polyQ]) in the huntingtin ( HTT) gene, which leads to the formation of mutant HTT (mHTT) protein aggregates. In the nervous system, an accumulation of mHTT protein results in glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, proteosome instability, and apoptosis. Although HD pathogenesis has been extensively studied, effective treatment of HD has yet to be developed. Therapeutic discovery research in HD has been reported using yeast, cells derived from transgenic animal models and HD patients, and induced pluripotent stem cells from patients. A transgenic nonhuman primate model of HD (HD monkey) shows neuropathological, behavioral, and molecular changes similar to an HD patient. In addition, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from HD monkeys can be maintained in culture and differentiated to neural cells with distinct HD cellular phenotypes including the formation of mHTT aggregates, intranuclear inclusions, and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. Here, we evaluated the potential application of HD monkey NPCs and neural cells as an in vitro model for HD drug discovery research.

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Michaelidesová, Anna, Jana Konířová, Petr Bartůněk, and Martina Zíková. "Effects of Radiation Therapy on Neural Stem Cells." Genes 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2019): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10090640.

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Brain and nervous system cancers in children represent the second most common neoplasia after leukemia. Radiotherapy plays a significant role in cancer treatment; however, the use of such therapy is not without devastating side effects. The impact of radiation-induced damage to the brain is multifactorial, but the damage to neural stem cell populations seems to play a key role. The brain contains pools of regenerative neural stem cells that reside in specialized neurogenic niches and can generate new neurons. In this review, we describe the advances in radiotherapy techniques that protect neural stem cell compartments, and subsequently limit and prevent the occurrence and development of side effects. We also summarize the current knowledge about neural stem cells and the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in neural stem cell niches after brain radiotherapy. Strategies used to minimize radiation-related damages, as well as new challenges in the treatment of brain tumors are also discussed.

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Tanimoto, Yuji, Tomoteru Yamasaki, Narihito Nagoshi, Yuichiro Nishiyama, Satoshi Nori, Soraya Nishimura, Tsuyoshi Iida, et al. "In vivo monitoring of remnant undifferentiated neural cells following human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neural stem/progenitor cells transplantation." STEM CELLS Translational Medicine 9, no. 4 (April 2020): 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sctm.19-0150.

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