Academic literature on the topic 'Induced intrinsic distanc'
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Journal articles on the topic "Induced intrinsic distanc"
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Domènech, Guillem, Roya Mohayaee, Subodh P. Patil, and Subir Sarkar. "Galaxy number-count dipole and superhorizon fluctuations." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/019.
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Abstract In view of the growing tension between the dipole anisotropy of number counts of cosmologically distant sources and of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), we investigate the number count dipole induced by primordial perturbations with wavelength comparable to or exceeding the Hubble radius today. First, we find that neither adiabatic nor isocurvature superhorizon modes can generate an intrinsic number count dipole. However a superhorizon isocurvature mode does induce a relative velocity between the CMB and the (dark) matter rest frames and thereby affects the CMB dipole. We revisit the possibility that it has an intrinsic component due to such a mode, thus enabling consistency with the galaxy number count dipole if the latter is actually kinematic in origin. Although this scenario is not particularly natural, there are possible links with other anomalies and it predicts a concommitant galaxy number count quadrupole which may be measurable in future surveys. We also investigate the number count dipole induced by modes smaller than the Hubble radius, finding that subject to CMB constraints this is too small to reconcile the dipole tension.
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Mennucci, Andrea C. G. "On Asymmetric Distances." Analysis and Geometry in Metric Spaces 1 (June 11, 2013): 200–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agms-2013-0004.
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Abstract In this paper we discuss asymmetric length structures and asymmetric metric spaces. A length structure induces a (semi)distance function; by using the total variation formula, a (semi)distance function induces a length. In the first part we identify a topology in the set of paths that best describes when the above operations are idempotent. As a typical application, we consider the length of paths defined by a Finslerian functional in Calculus of Variations. In the second part we generalize the setting of General metric spaces of Busemann, and discuss the newly found aspects of the theory: we identify three interesting classes of paths, and compare them; we note that a geodesic segment (as defined by Busemann) is not necessarily continuous in our setting; hence we present three different notions of intrinsic metric space.
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Valenzuela, Carmen, Eva Delpon, Laura Franqueza, Pilar Gay, Dirk J. Snyders, and Juan Tamargo. "Effects of Ropivacaine on a Potassium Channel (hKv1.5) Cloned from Human Ventricle." Anesthesiology 86, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 718–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199703000-00025.
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Background Ropivacaine, a new amide local anesthetic agent chemically related to bupivacaine, is able to induce early after depolarizations in isolated cardiac preparations. The underlying mechanism by which ropivacaine induces this effect has not been explored, but it is likely to involve K+ channel block. Methods Cloned human cardiac K+ channels (hKv1.5) were stably transfected in Ltk cells, and the effects of ropivacaine on the expressed hKv1.5 currents were assessed using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Results Ropivacaine (100 microM) did not modify the initial activation time course of the current, but induced a fast subsequent decline to a lower steady-state current level with a time constant of 12.2 +/- 0.6 ms. Ropivacaine inhibited hKv1.5 with an apparent KD of 80 +/- 4 microM. Block displayed an intrinsic voltage-dependent, consistent with an electrical distance for the binding site of 0.153 +/- 0.007 (n = 6) (from the cytoplasmic side). Ropivacaine reduced the tail current amplitude recorded at -40 mV, and slowed the deactivation time course, resulting in a "crossover" phenomenon when control and ropivacaine tail currents were superimposed. Conclusions These results indicate that: (1) ropivacaine is an open channel blocker of hKv1.5; (2) binding occurs in the internal mouth of the ion pore; and (3) unbinding is required before the channel can close. These effects explain the ropivacaine availability of induction early after depolarizations and could be clinically relevant.
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Ritte, Clemens, Robert Cywinski, and Sue H. Kilcoyne. "The Nature of the Mn Moment in Laves Phase Compounds: Evolution of the Magnetic Order in Ho1–xYxMn2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 50, no. 2-3 (March 1, 1995): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1995-2-311.
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Abstract Neutron powder diffraction has been used to study the evolution of long range magnetic order in the pseudobinary CI 5 Laves phase system Ho1-xYxMn2. Particular attention has been paid to the nature of the Mn moment. At Y-rich compositions (x > 0.9) an incommensurate antiferromagnetic structure, similar to that of YMn2 is observed. Transition to the ordered state, as in YMn2, is accompanied by a 5% expansion of the unit cell, identifying the Mn moments, of 2.7 μB, as intrinsic. The magnetic structure of compositions with x<0.7 resembles that of HoMn2 and DyMn2, with only one quarter of the chemically equivalent Mn sites possessing a moment of 0.6 μB induced by the local symmetry of the antiferromagnetically ordered Ho sublattice. Transition to the ordered state is not accompanied by a cell expansion. Between x = 0.7 and x = 0.9 there is no longe range magnetic order, nor is there an expansion of the unit cell, suggesting the total absence of either induced or intrinsic Mn moments. The results indicate that a critical Mn-Mn near neighbour distance of 2.663 Å is necessary to sustain an intrinsic Mn moment in these compounds.
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Li, Yuanyuan, Lu Zhang, Tianjie Wang, Jiaxin Xie, Min Wang, Zeming Qi, Qiannan Cui, and Jianhua Chang. "All-optically generating and monitoring interlayer expansion of layered GaSe via in situ second harmonic generation." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 4 (January 23, 2023): 043102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0135063.
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Interlayer-distance engineering can provide a degree of freedom to tailor the intrinsic physical properties of 2D layered semiconductors and van der Waals heterostructures. In this Letter, we report an all-optical technique to simultaneously generate and monitor interlayer expansions of multilayer GaSe lattice via optical second harmonic generation (SHG). Heat induced by the absorption of fundamental laser can trigger interlayer expansion, while intensity change of SHG caused by mediated superposition of SHG field in expanded layers can monitor the level of interlayer expansion. Our results open an avenue to all-optically engineer interlayer distance of 2D layered semiconductors.
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Kim, Ju Young, Young Taek Oh, Su Eon Lee, Jun Hyun Park, Shin Park, Young Chun Ko, Jun Pyo Hwang, et al. "Collapse-Induced Multimer Formation of Self-Assembled Nanoparticles for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering." Coatings 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010076.
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Metallic nanoparticle ensemble, with narrow inter-particle distance, is a useful element for diverse optical devices due to highly enhanced electric field intensity at the gap. Self-assembly of block copolymer (BCP) can provide the versatile solution to fabricate precise nanostructures, but this methodology has the intrinsic limitation to realize optically coupled metallic multimer geometry with narrow inter-particle distance. This is because BCP-based nanotemplate possesses a minimum size limit for interparticle distance imposed by its thermodynamic restriction. Herein, we investigate the facile formation of metallic multimer with scalability and area-selectivity through the collapse of self-assembled BCP nanopattern. The capillary-force-induced collapse phenomenon enables a spatial transformation of lateral regular ordering in metallic nanoparticle array and enhances electric field intensity. The fabrication of this metallic nanoparticle ensemble from BCP lithography is successfully utilized for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The enhancement factor of metal nanoparticle multimer is calculated as ~6.74 × 105 at 1000 cm−1, 2.04 × 106 at 1022 cm−1, and 6.11 × 106 at 1580 cm−1, respectively.
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Kim, Ju Young, Young Taek Oh, Su Eon Lee, Jun Hyun Park, Shin Park, Young Chun Ko, Jun Pyo Hwang, et al. "Collapse-Induced Multimer Formation of Self-Assembled Nanoparticles for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering." Coatings 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010076.
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Metallic nanoparticle ensemble, with narrow inter-particle distance, is a useful element for diverse optical devices due to highly enhanced electric field intensity at the gap. Self-assembly of block copolymer (BCP) can provide the versatile solution to fabricate precise nanostructures, but this methodology has the intrinsic limitation to realize optically coupled metallic multimer geometry with narrow inter-particle distance. This is because BCP-based nanotemplate possesses a minimum size limit for interparticle distance imposed by its thermodynamic restriction. Herein, we investigate the facile formation of metallic multimer with scalability and area-selectivity through the collapse of self-assembled BCP nanopattern. The capillary-force-induced collapse phenomenon enables a spatial transformation of lateral regular ordering in metallic nanoparticle array and enhances electric field intensity. The fabrication of this metallic nanoparticle ensemble from BCP lithography is successfully utilized for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The enhancement factor of metal nanoparticle multimer is calculated as ~6.74 × 105 at 1000 cm−1, 2.04 × 106 at 1022 cm−1, and 6.11 × 106 at 1580 cm−1, respectively.
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Wieser, Martin, and Florian H. Müller. "Motivation in Instrumental Music Instruction Before and During the Remote Learning Phase Due to COVID-19 Crisis." Music & Science 5 (January 2022): 205920432211329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20592043221132938.
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This study, which is based on self-determination theory, compares the motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs of music students in instrumental lessons before and after the COVID-19-induced transition to online teaching and learning. We investigated whether, in addition to the satisfaction of students’ basic needs, teachers’ enthusiasm, experience with online teaching, and age can explain motivation in online lessons. Two independent groups of music students were surveyed: one group before (n = 856; Mage = 16.4, SD = 14.1) and the other group after the shift to enforced distance learning (n = 640; Mage = 16.7, SD = 13.8). The main findings are that intrinsic motivation in online learning was significantly lower, and controlled forms of motivation higher than before enforced distance learning. Furthermore, satisfaction of basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which are essential for autonomous motivation, were lower in online learning. Regression analyses showed that 39% of the variance of intrinsic motivation for online learning could be explained by social relatedness, perceived teacher’s enthusiasm for teaching, and age.
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Zonoozi, Akram Hasani, Hosein Haghi, and Pavel Kroupa. "IMF-induced intrinsic uncertainties on measuring galaxy distances based on the number of giant stars: the case of the ultradiffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 2 (March 18, 2021): 1668–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab789.
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ABSTRACT The surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) technique is one of the distance measurement methods that has been applied on the low surface brightness (LSB) galaxy NGC 1052-DF2 yielding a distance of about 20 Mpc implying it to be a dark matter deficient galaxy. We assume the number of giant stars above a given luminosity threshold to represent the SBF magnitude. The SBF magnitude depends on the distance, but this is degenerate with the star formation history (SFH). Using a stellar population synthesis model, we calculate the number of giant stars for stellar populations with different galaxy-wide stellar initial mass functions (gwIMFs), ages, metallicities, and SFHs. If the gwIMF is the invariant canonical IMF, the 1σ (3σ) uncertainty in colour allows a distance as low as 12 Mpc (8 Mpc). If instead the true underlying gwIMF is the integrated galaxy-wide IMF (IGIMF) then overestimating distances for low-mass galaxies would be a natural result, allowing NGC 1052-DF2 to have a distance of 11 Mpc within the 1σ colour uncertainty. Finally, we show that our main conclusion on the existence of a bias in the SBF distance estimation is not much affected by changing the luminosity lower limit for counting giant stars.
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Doroshenko, V., S. Tsygankov, and A. Santangelo. "Orbit and intrinsic spin-up of the newly discovered transient X-ray pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124." Astronomy & Astrophysics 613 (May 2018): A19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732208.
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We present the orbital solution for the newly discovered transient Be X-ray binary Swift J0243.6+6124 based on the data from the gamma-ray burst monitor on board Fermi obtained during the October 2017 outburst. We model the Doppler induced and intrinsic spin variations of the neutron star assuming that the latter is driven by accretion torque, and we discuss the implications of the observed spin variations for the parameters of the neutron star and the binary. In particular, we conclude that the neutron star must be strongly magnetized, and estimate the distance to the source at ~5 kpc.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Induced intrinsic distanc"
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Essebei, Fares. "Variational problems for sub–Finsler metrics in Carnot groups and Integral Functionals depending on vector fields." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/345679.
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The first aim of this PhD Thesis is devoted to the study of geodesic distances defined on a subdomain of a Carnot group, which are bounded both from above and from below by fixed multiples of the Carnot–Carathéodory distance. Then one shows that the uniform convergence, on compact sets, of these distances can be equivalently characterized in terms of Gamma-convergence of several kinds of variational problems. Moreover, it investigates the relation between the class of intrinsic distances, their metric derivatives and the sub-Finsler convex metrics defined on the horizontal bundle. The second purpose is to obtain the integral representation of some classes of local functionals, depending on a family of vector fields, that satisfy a weak structure assumption. These functionals are defined on degenerate Sobolev spaces and they are assumed to be not translations-invariant. Then one proves some Gamma-compactness results with respect to both the strong topology of L^p and the strong topology of degenerate Sobolev spaces.
Book chapters on the topic "Induced intrinsic distanc"
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A. Sharif, Najam. "Optic Nerve and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection, Rejuvenation, and Regeneration as Glaucoma Treatment Strategiess." In Optic Nerve - New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108914.
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Once destroyed, neurons and their axons in the mammalian central nervous system, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons in the eye and neurons in the thalamic and cortical brain regions involved in visual perception, cannot automatically be replaced. Intrinsic inhibitory chemicals and structural components, suppressive transcription factors, scar formation, and the sheer long distances the RGC axons have to travel to the brain prevent or reduce regenerative capacity in the visual system damaged by aging and various diseases such as glaucoma. However, non-clinical and some clinical uses of transcorneal electrical stimulation, redlight therapy, gene-therapy, and cell replacement, among other novel technologies and techniques, appear promising to help overcome some of these hurdles. Early results indicate that indeed neuronal rejuvenation; potential regeneration and ultimate replacement of the lost RGCs and their axons, such as in glaucoma; and the reestablishment of the retina-optic nerve−brain connections may be possible. Improvement and/or partial restoration of eyesight due to ocular and neurological disease-induced visual impairment in humans may thus be possible in the near future. These aspects will be discussed in this chapter.
Conference papers on the topic "Induced intrinsic distanc"
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Korpel, Adrian, Clark Venzke, and David Mehrl. "Space marching algorithm for calculating strong acousto-optic interaction of arbitrary fields." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.wf5.
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Our space marching algorithm is of the split-step Fourier transform type. In this method, space is divided in thin slices Δz. The first step involves the propagation of the angular plane wave spectrum of the incident light field through a slice as if the latter were homogeneous. At the exit of the slice the propagated plane waves are reassembled into an intermediate field. In the second step the intermediate field is multiplied by the x,y dependent transmission function of the slice as if the latter were a thin phase filter, induced by the sound. A similar technique (that does not necessarily involve the plane wave spectrum) is often called the beam propagation method, and has been used for the analysis of gratings before. In our case, however, we are interested in soundfields of arbitrary shape and–this feature ultimately constitutes the novelty of our method–in avoiding the processing of the sound carrier. The latter is not of intrinsic interest to us and merely uses up computer time in dealing with the fine inhomogeneous detail it induces. What the sound carrier does we know already: It splits each incident order of light up into three other ones when traversing a small distance Δz. In our algorithm we make use of this a priori knowledge to involve only the envelope or profile of the sound field in the simulation.
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Li, Youlan, Colin Dalton, Humud Said, and Karan V. I. S. Kaler. "An Integrated Microfluidic Dielectrophoretic (DEP) Cell Fractionation System." In ASME 3rd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2005-75062.
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In this article we report on a planar miniaturized dielectrophoretic (DEP) microfluidic device developed for the purpose of continuous fractionation and purification of sample suspensions of microscopic particles or biological cells, employing specially shaped nonuniform (isomotive) electric fields. The device integrates three fully functional and distinct sub-units consisting of 1) sheath and sample injection ports, arranged to achieve hydrodynamic focusing of the cell stream; 2) the DEP fractionation region and 3) two sample collection ports. In the DEP fractionation region, the magnitude of the field induced DEP force acting on the particle is essentially constant and independent of the particle’s position and furthermore only dependent on the intrinsic polarization response of the particle, for identical sized particles. The operation and performance in terms of sample throughput, separation efficiency and repeatability of the device was evaluated using test microscopic sized dielectric particles and biological particles, including cancerous cell lines.
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Apetre, N. A., J. G. Michopoulos, A. P. Iliopoulos, J. C. Steuben, and N. Phan. "A Computational Framework Enabling Comparative Analysis of Progressive Damage Models for Composite Materials." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22463.
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Abstract The present work is motivated by the need for an efficient and quantifiable assessment of how various strain- or stress-based composite materials failure criteria and damage evolution models that capture the load-induced material degradation, along with their intrinsic parameters, can affect our understanding of material behavior and facilitate suitability decisions of such criteria. The difficulty of performing comparative analysis among many of these criteria and models has been a significant impediment to the composite materials design and material certification communities. In response to these needs, the present work describes the development, verification and validation of such a general computational framework. This framework enables not only increasing the user’s understanding of the effect of parameters associated with models under consideration on the model predicted results but also allowing the user to address more advanced problems such as material design, optimization and potentially certification. The framework implemented into “COMSOL Multiphysics” utilizes symbolic algebra to automatically generate the required expressions to be used in the respective computational modules. Two strain-based models for two distinct specimen geometries are used to show the framework capabilities: one model is described by three damage modes and a second one is given by four damage modes. The first geometry is that of a unnotched coupon whereas the second is that of an open hole specimen in tension. The theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental ones in terms of load-strain responses. The results indicate that by proper selection of specific input parameters, these models can accurately predict the structural response of composite laminate structural systems up to failure.
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Huspeni, Paul J., Ly Le, Wei Liu, Elli Saravanos, and Shannon Adkins. "Weibull Analysis Method Applied to Optical Fiber Breaking Stress Data." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89217.
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This paper details application of a 2-parameter Weibull maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method to optical fiber breaking stress data. Optical fiber is used in a broad range of telecommunications applications and its associated performance in fabricated component assemblies is of critical importance to the proper functioning of telecom networks. Fiber optic components incorporating stripped optical fiber include optical couplers, optical splitters, WDM devices, connectors, and mechanical and fusion splices. The strength of optical fiber in component assemblies is dependent upon numerous aspects of the fabrication process. These include the fiber coating stripping process, fiber cleaning after stripping, any manual handling of the fiber after stripping, and the time period after fiber stripping until the fiber is inserted and potted into a component or subjected to mechanical or fusion splice processes. The ambient moisture content of the air is a critical parameter affecting the resultant strength of stripped fiber. The fabrication and assembly processes utilized to produce component assemblies can cause damage to the fiber and the resultant creation of macro defects. From a reliability and analysis perspective being able to separate the effects of fabrication-induced macro defects from those due to intrinsic micro flaws present in the unstripped optical fiber is critical. The Weibull statistical analysis method permits identification of distinct fiber breaking stress regions associated with intrinsic fiber strength vs. macro-defects created by stripping and fabrication processes. The Weibull analysis is most effectively applied to fiber breaking stress data in the lower 25% quartile since this stress region will be of most interest from a reliability perspective. Another significant benefit derived from the Weibull analysis is the ability to predict cumulative failure rates for any selected values of fiber breaking stress. The predictive capability of the Weibull model provides more useful information regarding the lower breaking stress region than conventional statistical analysis methods such as analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Weibull MLE data analysis method provides more conservative and robust results relative to other Weibull analysis methods such as Median Rank Regression (MRR) [1]. The Weibull MLE analysis method was applied to individual and cumulative fiber breaking stress data sets generated from 10 new fiber strippers of a selected specific type. The objective of these analyses was to provide trustworthy predictions of Weibull unreliability for the selected stripper type in the lower modal breaking stress region of interest for component end-use performance. This paper details the following: • methodology for producing the initial Weibull data plots, • identification of modal regions associated with fiber macro and intrinsic defects, • selection of a representative breaking stress region for application of the Weibull analysis, • generation and interpretation of the two Weibull parameters (β and η), and • prediction of cumulative failure rate or unreliability confidence intervals (C.I.’s) for selected fiber breaking stress values. This study showed that combining the data from all 10 fiber strippers into a cumulative data set and then performing the Weibull MLE analysis is the preferred approach. This method provides the best and most comprehensive definition of the lower fiber breaking stress modal region and more trustworthy predictions of Weibull unreliability at critical selected independent variable values of 50 and 100 kpsi.