Relevant bibliographies by topics / Indoor Space

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Indoor Space'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Indoor Space"

1

Lee, Kyung-Tae, Jin-Bin Im, Sang-Jun Park, and Ju-Hyung Kim. "Conceptual Framework to Support Personalized Indoor Space Design Decision-Making: A Systematic Literature Review." Buildings 12, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060716.

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COVID-19 has forced people to spend more time indoors due to lockdown and social distancing, and clients demand personalized indoor spaces designed to increase individual satisfaction indoors. Consequently, various fourth industrial revolution technologies have been applied to support construction spaces to satisfy those clients lacking architectural knowledge and experience by reflecting individual tendencies and perceptions to build personalized indoor spaces. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how users evaluate the space according to behaviors and emotions felt in the space. A systematic review is performed to integrate significant categories from multiple disciplines to investigate the various decision-making aspects. In this study, 124 papers were selected, applying the PRISMA checklist to conduct a systematic literature review with scientometric analysis to propose a conceptual framework by reflecting the research trend related to indoor space decision-making. Accordingly, research on indoor space decision-making is increasing with pursuing convergence with various fields of study. The research is focused on the following four clusters: indoor space components, human tendencies, technology, and spatial evaluation. The framework proposed by integrating these trends could be utilized by clients as a practical tool to support people-centered indoor space decision-making post-COVID-19. Moreover, a framework should be developed to expand effectiveness in indoor spaces through convergence and collaboration research with psychology, physiology, and the medical field.
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Claridades, Alexis Richard C., Misun Kim, and Jiyeong Lee. "Developing a Model to Express Spatial Relationships on Omnidirectional Images for Indoor Space Representation to Provide Location-Based Services." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12030101.

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The unavailability and fragmentation of spatial data are challenges in creating realistic representations of objects and environments in the real world, especially indoors. Among the numerous methods for representing indoor space, the existing research has shown the efficiency and effectiveness of using omnidirectional images. However, they lack information on spatial relationships, so spatial datasets such as the Node-Relation Structure (NRS) must be used to provide location-based services (LBS). This study proposes a method for embedding topological relationships on omnidirectional images, and correspondingly extracting NRS data to enable the expression of these relationships on the images. These relationships include the connectivity of relations among the indoor subunits, and the containment of relations between the spaces and indoor facilities on the image data. This model allows for the construction of an image-based indoor space representation for providing LBS. This paper also demonstrates an approach to utilizing these datasets through an image-based platform that enables the direct performance of spatial analysis relevant to LBS on the images, and provides the accurate visualization and expression of the spaces and indoor points of interest data representing indoor facilities. This paper also includes an experimental implementation to demonstrate the potential of our model for providing an efficient space representation and the handling of basic spatial queries for indoor space applications.
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Zhang, Heng, Baoguo Yu, Shuguo Pan, Chuanzhen Sheng, Huang Lu, and Yaning Li. "A Pseudolite Indoor Wide-Area Networking Technology Based on Signal Multilevel Features." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 21, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2190025.

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At present, pseudosatellite navigation and positioning technology is the only positioning technology compatible with GNSS navigation signals and applied to indoors. This technology can realize continuous indoor and outdoor positioning services for mobile terminals and dedicated terminals. At the same time, the indoor application of pseudolite technology also faces some problems. Aiming at the large-area networking problem of pseudolites in indoor space, this paper uses the existing indoor array pseudolite technology to propose a technique for constructing a network using the characteristics of pseudolite signals in indoor space. By making full use of the signal’s multiple access classification characteristics and the signal’s Doppler, interstation delay, and other characteristics, a multilevel grid segmentation and networking scheme for indoor space based on pseudolites is realized. This method combines the existing experimental foundation and experience accumulation, has the feasibility of realizing large-area networking indoors, can solve the problems faced in the current indoor pseudolite networking process, and provides guarantee for the application of pseudolite networking in indoor environments.
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Pang, Yueyong, Chi Zhang, Liangchen Zhou, Bingxian Lin, and Guonian Lv. "Extracting Indoor Space Information in Complex Building Environments." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7080321.

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Indoor space information extraction is an important aspect of reconstruction for building information modeling and a necessary process for geographic information system from outdoor to indoor. Entity model extracting methods provide advantages in terms of accuracy for building indoor spaces, as compared with network and grid model methods, and the extraction results can be converted into a network or grid model. However, existing entity model extracting methods based on a search loop do not consider the complex indoor environment of a building, such as isolated columns and walls or cross-floor spaces. In this study, such complex indoor environments are analyzed in detail, and a new approach for extracting buildings’ indoor space information is proposed. This approach is based on indoor space boundary calculation, the Boolean difference for single-floor space extraction, relationship reconstruction, and cross-floor space extraction. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can accurately extract indoor space information from the complex indoor environment of a building with geometric, semantic, and relationship information. This study is theoretically important for better understanding the complexity of indoor space extraction and practically important for improving the modeling accuracy of buildings.
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Claridades, Alexis Richard C., and Jiyeong Lee. "Defining a Model for Integrating Indoor and Outdoor Network Data to Support Seamless Navigation Applications." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080565.

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Spaces are continuous realms where human beings freely navigate, such as from indoor to outdoor and optionally to another indoor space. However, currently available data models to represent space for navigation do not entirely reflect this continuity of freedom and movement. Data conversion or complications in implementation hinder current approaches to link indoor space with outdoor space due to the variety of present data models. Furthermore, this representation of indoor–outdoor connection becomes oversimplified during the integration process. Consequently, location-based applications based on these datasets are limited in conveying mobility within these spaces and aiding navigation activity. This paper defines a framework for integrating indoor and outdoor navigable space to enable seamless navigation. This model enables the connection between indoor and outdoor navigation networks. We describe the connections between these networks through spatial relationships, which can be generalized to represent various cases of indoor–outdoor transitional spaces. Using sample datasets, we demonstrate the framework’s potential to provide a seamless connection between indoor and outdoor space in a route analysis experiment.
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Zhen, Wenjie, Lin Yang, Mei-Po Kwan, Zejun Zuo, Haoyue Qian, and Shunping Zhou. "Generating Comfortable Navigable Space for 3D Indoor Navigation Considering Users’ Dimensions." Sensors 20, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 4964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174964.

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Most existing indoor navigation methods implicitly treat indoor users as ideal points. However, the ignorance of individual 3D indoor space needs may result in that navigation users do not have enough space or comfortable space to move in a real situation. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel human-oriented navigation approach that considers users’ dimensions and interactions with indoor objects to establish comfortable navigable space. First, object space (O-Space) for users is derived according to their types (i.e., non-disabled people or disabled people) and functional space (F-Space) for indoor objects is determined according to their functions, locations, sizes, and interactions. Then, narrow gaps where users cannot pass through easily are calculated based on indoor obstacles defined by O-Space, the use of F-Space, and stationary objects. Finally, comfortable navigable space is established by excluding inappropriate sealed spaces that wrap indoor obstacles and narrow gaps of the entire indoor space. Two indoor navigation cases were conducted and the results demonstrate that our method could provide comfortable space and user-friendly paths that navigation users can navigate easily without stress. Furthermore, our method also shows great potential for improving user experience during navigation, especially in unfamiliar indoor environments and even emergencies.
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Xu, Wei, and Yongqiang Zhang. "Evaluation of Sustainable Environment-Friendly Interior Decoration Design from the Perspective of Low-Carbon Economy." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (May 9, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5156039.

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With the rapid development of economic and social productivity, the living standards of our people have been continuously improved. As human society enters industrialization and urbanization, in order to meet the increasing needs of life, people have higher and higher requirements for the environmental quality of their lives. People spend nearly 90% of their time indoors. Therefore, the environmental quality of indoor spaces has become an issue that cannot be ignored. The interior space environment of the building is closely related to everyone’s life. However, when people decorate their rooms luxuriously and warmly, the subsequent interior decoration sequelae are also seriously affecting people’s health. The pollution caused by indoor decoration is serious, whether it is the use of decoration materials or improper indoor design that will cause indoor air pollution. Based on building materials and interior design, this paper systematically analyzes the pollutants in the fully decorated interior space and proposes that from the perspective of low-carbon economy, interior space design should be based on the ecological environment, and the focus of the design is on the rational use of nature. Resources and decoration methods should start from the application of natural colors and natural materials and organically combine green materials and green decoration designs to create a more comfortable, healthy, safe, and environmentally friendly indoor space environment.
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Fernandez, Ken Bryan, Naoki Ikegaya, and Kazuhide Ito. "Transfer and escape characteristics of outdoor pollutants into an indoor space sheltered by urban-like block arrays using large-eddy simulations." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339602004.

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We conducted isothermal large-eddy simulations to generate the velocity and concentration distributions to investigate the air pollution transport from outside to inside of a space surrounded by urban-like block arrays. Contrary to previous study, we assumed that the pollution in the form of scalars are generated outdoors and not indoors which we placed at: 1) middle of window, 2) near window wall, 3) middle of street canyon at ground level, and 4) middle of street canyon at window level. Results showed that regardless of scalar source location, the scalars accumulated inside the indoor space which can be explained by the downdraft effect that are typically found in urban environments. The downdraft effect produced vortices outside and inside the indoor space. For scalars near window, indoor vortex drove the concentration to indoors. On the other hand, outdoor vortex transported the scalars located at street canyon to reach the window where they were eventually transported to indoors also due to indoor vortex. The average normalized indoor concentrations found in this study are 1.25 – 1.50, 1.00 – 1.75, 0.25 – 0.50, and 0.0 – 0.25 for scalars C1, C2, C3, and C4, respectively. Our study suggests that for natural ventilation studies of urban environments where air pollution is significant, outdoor effects should also be carefully considered.
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Li, Ki-Joune. "INDOORGML – A STANDARD FOR INDOOR SPATIAL MODELING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 14, 2016): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-701-2016.

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With recent progress of mobile devices and indoor positioning technologies, it becomes possible to provide location-based services in indoor space as well as outdoor space. It is in a seamless way between indoor and outdoor spaces or in an independent way only for indoor space. However, we cannot simply apply spatial models developed for outdoor space to indoor space due to their differences. For example, coordinate reference systems are employed to indicate a specific position in outdoor space, while the location in indoor space is rather specified by cell number such as room number. Unlike outdoor space, the distance between two points in indoor space is not determined by the length of the straight line but the constraints given by indoor components such as walls, stairs, and doors. For this reason, we need to establish a new framework for indoor space from fundamental theoretical basis, indoor spatial data models, and information systems to store, manage, and analyse indoor spatial data. In order to provide this framework, an international standard, called IndoorGML has been developed and published by OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium). This standard is based on a cellular notion of space, which considers an indoor space as a set of non-overlapping cells. It consists of two types of modules; core module and extension module. While core module consists of four basic conceptual and implementation modeling components (geometric model for cell, topology between cells, semantic model of cell, and multi-layered space model), extension modules may be defined on the top of the core module to support an application area. As the first version of the standard, we provide an extension for indoor navigation.
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Li, Ki-Joune. "INDOORGML – A STANDARD FOR INDOOR SPATIAL MODELING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 14, 2016): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b4-701-2016.

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With recent progress of mobile devices and indoor positioning technologies, it becomes possible to provide location-based services in indoor space as well as outdoor space. It is in a seamless way between indoor and outdoor spaces or in an independent way only for indoor space. However, we cannot simply apply spatial models developed for outdoor space to indoor space due to their differences. For example, coordinate reference systems are employed to indicate a specific position in outdoor space, while the location in indoor space is rather specified by cell number such as room number. Unlike outdoor space, the distance between two points in indoor space is not determined by the length of the straight line but the constraints given by indoor components such as walls, stairs, and doors. For this reason, we need to establish a new framework for indoor space from fundamental theoretical basis, indoor spatial data models, and information systems to store, manage, and analyse indoor spatial data. In order to provide this framework, an international standard, called IndoorGML has been developed and published by OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium). This standard is based on a cellular notion of space, which considers an indoor space as a set of non-overlapping cells. It consists of two types of modules; core module and extension module. While core module consists of four basic conceptual and implementation modeling components (geometric model for cell, topology between cells, semantic model of cell, and multi-layered space model), extension modules may be defined on the top of the core module to support an application area. As the first version of the standard, we provide an extension for indoor navigation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Indoor Space"

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Wolf, Mark J. P. "Theorizing navigable space in video games." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/4980/.

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Space is understood best through movement, and complex spaces require not only movement but navigation. The theorization of navigable space requires a conceptual representation of space which is adaptable to the great malleability of video game spaces, a malleability which allows for designs which combine spaces with differing dimensionality and even involve non-Euclidean configurations with contingent connectivity. This essay attempts to describe the structural elements of video game space and to define them in such a way so as to make them applicable to all video game spaces, including potential ones still undiscovered, and to provide analytical tools for their comparison and examination. Along with the consideration of space, there will be a brief discussion of navigational logic, which arises from detectable regularities in a spatial structure that allow players to understand and form expectations regarding a game’s spaces.
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Crane, Justin Fuller. "An indoor public space for a winter city." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31197.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-93).
Winter is a marginalized season in North American design. Even though most cities in the northern United States and Canada have winter conditions-snowfall, ice, freezing temperatures, and long nights-for substantial portions of the year, their built environments do little to embrace their climate. Architecture confronting the problems of design for a winter city must have two complementary components-a social one that addresses comfort and the interaction between the public and private realms, and a technical one that addresses energy- efficiency. First, winter cities lack equitable and attractive indoor places of refuge from the elements. The most common contemporary response to the climate is to create huge commercial developments. These take the form of free-standing megamalls or networks of indoor storefronts winding through downtowns via tunnels and elevated skyways. These draw people who can afford to shop away from the public realm while leaving city streets deserted. Second, winter cities use superlatively high amounts of energy for heating, and this consumption continues to grow as a result of sprawling suburbs and generic building that disregards its context. The proposed mediatheque for St. Paul, Minnesota confronts these problems by using thermal qualities as a driver for its design. Like winter, thermal qualities are an often ignored factor in architecture. However, by using them to shape space, choose materials, and complement social interaction, the design for an indoor urban space will welcome all members of the public, use energy responsibly, and celebrate diverse activities throughout the day and the year.
by Justin Fuller Crane.
M.Arch.
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Amendolare, Vincent Thomas. "Synchronization in an Indoor Precision Location System." Digital WPI, 2007. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/672.

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This thesis was conducted as part of the efforts related to WPI's Precision Personnel Location (PPL) project, the purpose of which is to locate emergency personnel in hazardous indoor environments using radio location techniques. A unique signal processing algorithm, sART, developed within the PPL project provides means to determine precise position estimates of a wideband transmitter from multipath corrupted signals captured by distributed receivers. This algorithm has synchronization requirements that can not be met without extraordinary expense and complexity by direct means. This thesis develops digital signal processing that achieves the necessary synchronization to satisfy the sART algorithm requirements without additional implementation complexity. The mathematical underpinnings of this solution are introduced and the results are evaluated in the context of experimental data.
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Hou, Guoying. "An investigation of thermal comfort and the use of indoor transitional space." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/104068/.

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Indoor transitional space plays an important role in the modern building. The thermal environment in indoor transitional spaces can significantly influence users’ thermal perceptions and therefore potentially their use of such spaces. Improving thermal conditions in indoor transitional spaces may encourage people to spend more time in these spaces, and improve the energy performance in indoor transitional spaces and their potential contribution in minimizing cooling and heating loads of the adjacent building. This thesis investigates thermal conditions in indoor transitional spaces, thermal comfort and the relationship between these and people’s use of space. Three case studies were carefully selected in different kinds of buildings in Cardiff, UK to represent a variety of users in similar climatic contexts. The field surveys were carried out during winter and summer and research methods were used: interviews with a structured questionnaire, thermal environment monitoring and observations of human activity. The results show that a solely physiological approach is insufficient to evaluate the thermal comfort in indoor transitional spaces. The results from the occupant comfort survey established the adaptability of users to a wider range of thermal conditions. Environmental variables such as operative temperature could have a great impact on the use of the indoor transitional spaces, and may determine the number of people and activities in them. The study also shows that participants in indoor transitional spaces have a higher thermal tolerance and can accept lower temperature than in other types of spaces, which creates a potential for saving energy.
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Heggo, M. A. "TV white space and broadband power line communications for indoor high speed networks." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3007099/.

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Current indoor networks have growing data rate demands to satisfy high speed applications. Broadband power line communications (BPLC) and TV white space (TVWS) communications are considered as effective solutions for indoor networks. However, they encounter several challenges concerning coexistence with wireless services. In this thesis, cooperative BPLC and TVWS is investigated in the very high frequency (VHF) band, for the aim of complementing each other to deliver enhanced performance. The main contributions of the thesis are multi-folds. In the first contribution, a general statistical based path loss mapping (GSBPL) approach is proposed for modelling the path loss of indoor low voltage (i.e. 220 v) BPLC. Also, a simplification method is proposed for computing the channel transfer function, which is proved to be more general and computationally more efficient than the previous method in literature. The feasibility of the cooperation between BPLC and wireless communications is thus concluded, through comparing their corresponding path losses. In the second contribution, a general model is proposed to map the TVWS interference with the BPLC in the VHF band, through exciting antenna mode currents along low voltage BPLC cables. A new model is presented for current conversion from antenna to differential mode, which includes a general formula for the antenna mode characteristic impedance and two solutions to the formulated problem: a) a numerical solution referred to as the antenna theory numerical (ATN) approach; b) an analytical solution referred to as the enhanced TL approximation (ETLA) approach. This is the first reported work to obtain the antenna mode characteristic impedance by the antenna theory. The ETLA approach outperforms the previous frequency-independent solution and requires a reduced complexity over the ATN approach. In the third contribution, new hybrid systems utilising BPLC and TVWS are proposed in the VHF band referred to as white BPLC (WBPLC). Two cases are considered in the proposed system: a) point-to-point WBPLC multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, where a power allocation algorithm and an iterative precoding technique are proposed to maximise the ergodic capacity, subject to the constraints of total power and interference limit at the TV primary user (PU) receiver (Rx); b) point-to-multipoint WBPLC MIMO system. The overall network downlink capacity maximisation problem is investigated, using an efficient algorithm for power and subcarrier allocation among different users.
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Johansson, Anders. "Acoustic Sound Source Localisation and Tracking : in Indoor Environments." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola [bth.se], School of Engineering - Dept. of Signal Processing, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00401.

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With advances in micro-electronic complexity and fabrication, sophisticated algorithms for source localisation and tracking can now be deployed in cost sensitive appliances for both consumer and commercial markets. As a result, such algorithms are becoming ubiquitous elements of contemporary communication, robotics and surveillance systems. Two of the main requirements of acoustic localisation and tracking algorithms are robustness to acoustic disturbances (to maximise localisation accuracy), and low computational complexity (to minimise power-dissipation and cost of hardware components). The research presented in this thesis covers both advances in robustness and in computational complexity for acoustic source localisation and tracking algorithms. This thesis also presents advances in modelling of sound propagation in indoor environments; a key to the development and evaluation of acoustic localisation and tracking algorithms. As an advance in the field of tracking, this thesis also presents a new method for tracking human speakers in which the problem of the discontinuous nature of human speech is addressed using a new state-space filter based algorithm which incorporates a voice activity detector. The algorithm is shown to achieve superior tracking performance compared to traditional approaches. Furthermore, the algorithm is implemented in a real-time system using a method which yields a low computational complexity. Additionally, a new method is presented for optimising the parameters for the dynamics model used in a state-space filter. The method features an evolution strategy optimisation algorithm to identify the optimum dynamics’ model parameters. Results show that the algorithm is capable of real-time online identification of optimum parameters for different types of dynamics models without access to ground-truth data. Finally, two new localisation algorithms are developed and compared to older well established methods. In this context an analytic analysis of noise and room reverberation is conducted, considering its influence on the performance of localisation algorithms. The algorithms are implemented in a real-time system and are evaluated with respect to robustness and computational complexity. Results show that the new algorithms outperform their older counterparts, both with regards to computational complexity, and robustness to reverberation and background noise. The field of acoustic modelling is advanced in a new method for predicting the energy decay in impulse responses simulated using the image source method. The new method is applied to the problem of designing synthetic rooms with a defined reverberation time, and is compared to several well established methods for reverberation time prediction. This comparison reveals that the new method is the most accurate.
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Misgeld, Maria. "FOOTPRINTS OF THE FOREST : Exploring the indoor space as an artistic quality in herding call." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för folkmusik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-3592.

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This project is based on questions about the significance of the acoustic space for kulning (herding calls). Swedish vocal folk music and in particular kulning, is at the center of my expressive, musical language. I was seduced by the tonality, variety, flexibility in Swedish folk singing as well as the individual freedom of expression. In this work I want to reflect past and present, based on the voice and singing style from my own perspective. The questions were: How can I kula if I don´t have a forest, the natural environment for kulning? Can I create a virtual forest indoors, for my voice to sound in a similar way as outdoors, that would feel like kulning outdoors? Can I find an analog or electronic backdoor to a perfect kulning sound in indoor spaces? Can I create new music with the idea that the room is an extension of the kulning sound? and in the end, how do I convey the artistic qualities of kulning to someone else? I have investigated those questions in the artistic project - The Dome - Part I, Part II and Part III by creating spatial music for voices, in two different dome-shaped indoor spaces. The insight that the room is an extension of the sound of kulning made me understand the importance of uncompromising acoustics. I revalue techniques, directions and positions. Try out tools to create - virtual SoundScapesusing digital technology. Experiment with exercises that can give my voice long durability. Try out composition models to get musical ideas to implement in new music. The artistic outcomes of this research are new concepts for kulning in electroacoustic and analog indoor spaces. The result of the project has become a number of methods for composition, improvisation, performing and teaching.    The project has been documented in a website: http://footprints.mariamisgeld.se
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Doyle, Aisling. "The development of a numerical temperature algorithm to predict the indoor temperature of an electric vehicle's cabin space." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2018. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1254444.

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Climate change is a significant issue in today's society as countries work towards decarbonising the economic sectors that contribute to significant greenhouse gas emissions. The electric vehicle (EV) is proposed as a solution to reduce the level of emissions in the transport sector. However, if an EV is powered by an electrical fossil fuelled source, their penetration into the UK market will have minimal mitigating effects, as emissions will simply shift from the transport sector to the energy production sector. Limited research has evaluated the loss of propulsion energy as a result of operating on-board climate control systems, and has focused more on traction energy. Unlike conventional fossil fuelled vehicles, EVs do not produce waste heat to warm the interior space of the vehicle. The present research found that up to 30% of a vehicle's total energy consumed per trip is allocated to heating requirements, thus the present research developed a temperature predicting numerical algorithm to compute indoor cabin temperatures. The vehicle was exposed to ambient climate conditions with an auxiliary heating or cooling system to evaluate this thermal model. The numerical algorithm could predict the temperature of a cabin space under solar space heating conditions with 62% more accuracy than previously developed models when comparing the Root Mean Square Error performance indicator. The presently developed temperature prediction algorithm may be applied to a route planning application, thus indicating the electrical energy required by the vehicle's battery for users to increase or decrease the desired temperature level. Additionally, this study investigated the ability of a renewable energy resource to decarbonise the vehicle's built-in climate control system. Integrating solar panels on the roof and bonnet of an EV to power an auxiliary climate control system reduced the electrical loading required to reach the occupant's thermal comfort. By installing an auxiliary heating system to increase cabin temperature by 2 or 5°C, the present research found that energy consumption of the built-in climate control system was reduced by 22% or 57%, respectively. This illuminates the potential an auxiliary climate control system has in improving the thermal performance of EVs.
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Liu, Jun. "A Combination method of Fingerprint Positioning and Propagation Model Based localization scheme in 3D Large-Scale Indoor Space." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34918.

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To achieve the concrete aim of improving the positioning accuracy for large-scale indoor space in this thesis, we propose a weighted Gaussian and Mean hybrid filter (G-M filter) to obtain the G-M mean of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements, which is implemented by taking the practically experimental measurements of received signal strength indicator and analyzing the characteristics of received signal strength indicator. Meanwhile, various path loss models have been utilized to estimate the separation between the transmitting antenna and the receiver (T-R separation) by calculating the G-M mean of received signal strength indicator, therefore, a dynamic-parameter path loss model has been proposed which can be appropriate to enhance the accuracy of estimated T-R separation and accurately describe the indoor position. Moreover, an improved fingerprint positioning has been proposed as the basic method combined with our tetrahedral trilateration scheme to reduce the positioning error of a large-scale 3D indoor space which can achieve the average localization error of 1.5 meters.
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Gowreesunker, Baboo Lesh Singh. "Phase change thermal enery storage for the thermal control of large thermally lightweight indoor spaces." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7649.

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Energy storage using Phase Change Materials (PCMs) offers the advantage of higher heat capacity at specific temperature ranges, compared to single phase storage. Incorporating PCMs in lightweight buildings can therefore improve the thermal mass, and reduce indoor temperature fluctuations and energy demand. Large atrium buildings, such as Airport terminal spaces, are typically thermally lightweight structures, with large open indoor spaces, large glazed envelopes, high ceilings and non-uniform internal heat gains. The Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems constitute a major portion of the overall energy demand of such buildings. This study presented a case study of the energy saving potential of three different PCM systems (PCM floor tiles, PCM glazed envelope and a retrofitted PCM-HX system) in an airport terminal space. A quasi-dynamic coupled TRNSYS®-FLUENT® simulation approach was used to evaluate the energy performance of each PCM system in the space. FLUENT® simulated the indoor air-flow and PCM, whilst TRNSYS® simulated the HVAC system. Two novel PCM models were developed in FLUENT® as part of this study. The first model improved the phase change conduction model by accounting for hysteresis and non-linear enthalpy-temperature relationships, and was developed using data from Differential Scanning Calorimetry tests. This model was validated with data obtained in a custom-built test cell with different ambient and internal conditions. The second model analysed the impact of radiation on the phase change behaviour. It was developed using data from spectrophotometry tests, and was validated with data from a custom-built PCM-glazed unit. These developed phase change models were found to improve the prediction errors with respect to conventional models, and together with the enthalpy-porosity model, they were used to simulate the performance of the PCM systems in the airport terminal for different operating conditions. This study generally portrayed the benefits and flexibility of using the coupled simulation approach in evaluating the building performance with PCMs, and showed that employing PCMs in large, open and thermally lightweight spaces can be beneficial, depending on the configuration and mode of operation of the PCM system. The simulation results showed that the relative energy performance of the PCM systems relies mainly on the type and control of the system, the night recharge strategy, the latent heat capacity of the system, and the internal heat gain schedules. Semi-active systems provide more control flexibility and better energy performance than passive systems, and for the case of the airport terminal, the annual energy demands can be reduced when night ventilation of the PCM systems is not employed. The semi-active PCM-HX-8mm configuration without night ventilation, produced the highest annual energy and CO2 emissions savings of 38% and 23%, respectively, relative to a displacement conditioning (DC) system without PCM systems.
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Books on the topic "Indoor Space"

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(Firm), Crane-Dixon, ed. Indoor sports spaces. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.

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NIRSA Facility Space Standards Task Force. NIRSA space standards for indoor facilities. Corvallis, Or. (850 SW 15th St., Corvallis, 97333-4145): National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association, 1997.

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1962-, Beck Martin, Neue Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst., and Neue Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst. Realismusstudio., eds. Outdoor systems, indoor distribution. Berlin: RealismusStudio, Neue Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst, 2000.

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Small spaces for modern living: Making the most of your indoor space. London: Hamlyn, 2003.

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The indoor kitchen garden: Vegetable growing in limited space. London: Bloomsbury, 1988.

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Spoczynska, Joy O. I. The indoor kitchen garden: Vegetable growing in limited space. New York: Harper & Row, 1989.

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The indoor kitchen garden: Vegetable growing in limited space. New York: Harper & Row, 1989.

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Plant by numbers: 50 houseplant combinations to decorate your space. Minneapolis, MN: Cool Springs Press, 2014.

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Association, American Industrial Hygiene, ed. Confined space entry: An AIHA protocol guide. Fairfax, Va: American Industrial Hygiene Association, 2001.

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Alan, Veasey D., ed. Confined space entry and emergency response. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Indoor Space"

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Li, Ki-Joune. "Indoor Space: A New Notion of Space." In Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89903-7_1.

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Kim, Joon-Seok, and Carola Wenk. "Simplification of Indoor Space Footprints." In Spatial Gems, Volume 1, 49–60. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3548732.3548739.

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Antoniou, K., M. Papadopoulos, K. Pattas, and B. Sotiropoulos. "Solar Indoor Sports Centre in Thessaloniki, Greece." In Architecture and Urban Space, 393–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0778-7_58.

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Yan, Jinjin, and Sisi Zlatanova. "Space-based Navigation Models." In Seamless 3D Navigation in Indoor and Outdoor Spaces, 45–62. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003281146-3.

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Walton, Lisa A., and Michael Worboys. "A Qualitative Bigraph Model for Indoor Space." In Geographic Information Science, 226–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33024-7_17.

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Wu, Fan, Yunlong Xiang, Zhenzhe Zheng, Yuben Qu, Xiaofeng Gao, Linghe Kong, Guihai Chen, and Biao Liu. "Towards Fine-Grained Indoor White Space Sensing." In Green, Pervasive, and Cloud Computing, 45–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64243-3_4.

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Kim, Joon-Seok, Sung-Jae Yoo, and Ki-Joune Li. "Integrating IndoorGML and CityGML for Indoor Space." In Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, 184–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55334-9_12.

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Assankhanov, Arman, and Ki-Joune Li. "Simulating COVID-19 Spreads in Indoor Space." In Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, 131–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06245-2_12.

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Yan, Jinjin, and Sisi Zlatanova. "Unified Space-based Navigation Model." In Seamless 3D Navigation in Indoor and Outdoor Spaces, 63–70. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003281146-4.

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Brown, Gavin, Claus Nagel, Sisi Zlatanova, and Thomas H. Kolbe. "Modelling 3D Topographic Space Against Indoor Navigation Requirements." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 1–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29793-9_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Indoor Space"

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Krūminaitė, Marija, and Sisi Zlatanova. "Indoor space subdivision for indoor navigation." In the Sixth ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2676528.2676529.

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Worboys, Michael. "Modeling indoor space." In the 3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2077357.2077358.

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Jensen, Søren Kejser, Jens Thomas Vejlby Nielsen, Hua Lu, and Muhammad Aamir Cheema. "Outdoor-indoor space." In SIGSPATIAL'16: 24th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3005422.3005427.

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Baras, Karolina, A. Moreira, and F. Meneses. "Navigation based on symbolic space models." In 2010 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2010.5646810.

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Han, Yixiang, Conrad S. Tucker, Timothy W. Simpson, and Erik Davidson. "A Data Mining Trajectory Clustering Methodology for Modeling Indoor Design Space Utilization." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12690.

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Traditionally, understanding indoor space utilization in a typical design setting has been based on observation methodologies, where researchers document team interactions, space utilization and design activities using qualitative observation techniques. The authors of this paper propose a data mining driven methodology aimed at modeling the utilization of indoor design spaces using trajectory pattern data. Using indoor Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology, researchers are able to collect trajectory data which can then be used to quantify the distribution of space usage patterns over time and predict future regions of interest. The proposed methodology consists of two phases: i) trajectory partitioning and ii) line segment clustering. For the first phase, trajectories are partitioned into line segments, based on unique user characteristics. In the second phase, a data mining clustering algorithm is employed to group line segments into different clusters based on a distance function. Since individual trajectories may exhibit similar movement patterns, the proposed methodology can help designers better understand how design spaces are utilized and how team dynamics evolve over time, depending on the specific design task being executed. A 3,500 square foot design space was used for the semester long study that included design teams supervised by teaching assistants. The results provide insight into the underutilization of certain regions of the design space and proposes directions towards an optimal design space methodology.
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Jiang, Zhiping, Jizhong Zhao, Jinsong Han, Shaojie Tang, Jing Zhao, and Wei Xi. "Wi-Fi Fingerprint Based Indoor Localization without Indoor Space Measurement." In 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mass.2013.84.

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Kumar Yadav, Rohan, Bimal Bhattarai, Lei Jiao, Morten Goodwin, and Ole-Christoffer Granmo. "Indoor Space Classification Using Cascaded LSTM." In 2020 15th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea48937.2020.9248347.

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Bolat, Azamat, Dongmin Kim, and Ki-Joune Li. "Discovering User-context in Indoor Space." In SIGSPATIAL '18: 26th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3282461.3282463.

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Zhang, Jincheng, Wenjie Zhang, Minghua Chen, and Zhi Wang. "WINET: Indoor white space network design." In IEEE INFOCOM 2015 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2015.7218431.

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Giudice, Nicholas A., Lisa A. Walton, and Michael Worboys. "The informatics of indoor and outdoor space." In the 2nd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1865885.1865897.

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Reports on the topic "Indoor Space"

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Gadgil, A. J., E. U. Finlayson, M. L. Fischer, P. N. Price, T. L. Thatcher, M. J. Craig, K. H. Hong, et al. Pollutant transport and dispersion in large indoor spaces: A status report for the large space effort of the Interiors Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/779725.

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Johra, Hicham. Performance overview of caloric heat pumps: magnetocaloric, elastocaloric, electrocaloric and barocaloric systems. Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau467469997.

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Heat pumps are an excellent solution to supply heating and cooling for indoor space conditioning and domestic hot water production. Conventional heat pumps are typically electrically driven and operate with a vapour-compression thermodynamic cycle of refrigerant fluid to transfer heat from a cold source to a warmer sink. This mature technology is cost-effective and achieves appreciable coefficients of performance (COP). The heat pump market demand is driven up by the urge to improve the energy efficiency of building heating systems coupled with the increase of global cooling needs for air-conditioning. Unfortunately, the refrigerants used in current conventional heat pumps can have a large greenhouse or ozone-depletion effect. Alternative gaseous refrigerants have been identified but they present some issues regarding toxicity, flammability, explosivity, low energy efficiency or high cost. However, several non-vapour-compression heat pump technologies have been invented and could be promising alternatives to conventional systems, with potential for higher COP and without the aforementioned refrigerant drawbacks. Among those, the systems based on the so-called “caloric effects” of solid-state refrigerants are gaining large attention. These caloric effects are characterized by a phase transition varying entropy in the material, resulting in a large adiabatic temperature change. This phase transition is induced by a variation of a specific external field applied to the solid refrigerant. Therefore, the magnetocaloric, elastocaloric, electrocaloric and barocaloric effects are adiabatic temperature changes in specific materials when varying the magnetic field, uniaxial mechanical stress, electrical field or hydrostatic pressure, respectively. Heat pump cycle can be built from these caloric effects and several heating/cooling prototypes were developed and tested over the last few decades. Although not a mature technology yet, some of these caloric systems are well suited to become new efficient and sustainable solutions for indoor space conditioning and domestic hot water production. This technical report (and the paper to which this report is supplementary materials) aims to raise awareness in the building community about these innovative caloric systems. It sheds some light on the recent progress in that field and compares the performance of caloric systems with that of conventional vapour-compression heat pumps for building applications.
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Liu, Pei, and Chiemi Iba. Influence of Energy-saving Renovation Plan on the Hygrothermal Distribution Inside Kyo-machiya Soil Walls Considering their Moisture Buffering Effect. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541650556.

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Kyo-machiya are traditional townhouses in Kyoto that represent an important aspect of cultural heritage preservation. Because of the poor thermal insulation performance, they require energy-saving renovations. However, their unique soil walls possess a moisture-buffering effect that can be strongly influenced by the applied renovation plan and are expected to remain functional even after renovation. Conventional renovation methods apply an inside vapor barrier to the interior insulation to prevent condensation between the insulation and wall; however, applying this barrier may hinder the buffering effect and deteriorate the unique interior appearance of the soil wall. Therefore, we conducted a case study on the hygrothermal environment of a typical Kyo-machiya structure in winter when the moisture generated by indoor activities was adsorbed by soil walls. We used the finite difference method to divide the various renovated envelope systems into thin layers and calculated the temperature and humidity distributions. Based on these results, we propose the use of exterior insulation for renovations, owing to its excellent thermal performance. However, if the space between the adjacent buildings is insufficient, interior insulation can be applied without a vapor barrier.
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Iffat, Idris. Trends in Conflict and Stability in the Indo-Pacific. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.009.

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This report looks at trends in conflict and instability in the Indo-Pacific region, focusing on climate change effects and a number of civil liberties. The Indo-Pacific region is both highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and already facing significant security risks and challenges, many of which will be exacerbated by the impact of climate change. There are notable increases in resource-based conflicts, migration-induced violence, and armed insurgencies. The countries reviewed all show worrying trends in terms of erosion of freedom of expression, media freedom, freedom of belief, and civil society freedom. The situation in Bangladesh and India is particularly serious and is already fuelling violence and conflict. The two themes on which the Emerging Issues Report (EIR) focuses are (i) climate change and (ii) guarding civil space and including all voices. The EIR examines these two themes in five Indo-Pacific countries: Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand. These were chosen to give a broad range of situations and challenges/risks from the region. Note that this EIR is confined to an assessment of conflict risks and does not examine measures being taken by the government or others to address these.
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