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Eltzov, Evgeni, Abri Lavena De Cesarea, ‘Yuen Kei Adarina Low, and Robert S. Marks. "Indoor air pollution and the contribution of biosensors." EuroBiotech Journal 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2019-0003.
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Abstract A vast majority of people today spend more time indoors than outdoors. However, the air quality indoors may be as bad as or even worse than the air quality outside. This is due to the continuous circulation of the same air without proper ventilation and filtration systems, causing a buildup of pollutants. As such, indoor air quality monitoring should be considered more seriously. Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a measure of the air quality within and around buildings and relates to the health and comfort of building occupants. To determine the IAQ, computer modeling is done to simulate the air flow and human exposure to the pollutant. Currently, very few instruments are available to measure the indoor air pollution index. In this paper, we will review the list of techniques available for measuring IAQ, but our emphasis will be on indoor air toxicity monitoring.
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Wagdi, Dalia, Khaled Tarabieh, and Mohamed Nagib Abou Zeid. "Indoor air quality index for preoccupancy assessment." Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 11, no. 4 (January 26, 2018): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-018-0551-y.
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Khadim, Hussein, Faik Obaed, and Nahla Ajeel. "Wireless Sensing Network for Implementation of Air Quality Monitoring System and Indoor Air Quality Index Application." Iraqi Geological Journal 57, no. 2D (October 31, 2024): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.57.2d.17ms-2024-10-27.
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Indoor air quality significantly impacts respiratory health and mental activity. This study utilizes a wireless sensing network (WSN) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor indoor air quality, referred to as an indoor air quality monitoring system. The system was installed and applied on campus at the University of Baghdad. The present study aims to monitor air quality parameters continuously within laboratories. Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, and particulate objects are the pollutants chosen to be monitored by the installed system in this study. These pollutants were selected because they affect indoor facilities' comfort, health, and working conditions. Colored coded data was employed in the monitoring system; defined ranges for each pollutant were also integrated. Sensor nodes, wireless modules that connect to the IoT server, and user applications are the main components of the IAQMS system. LCDs, mobile applications, the ThingSpeak web server, and the LabView platform are examples of techniques used to present data collected by the system. Additionally, the system includes a notification function that alerts students and lab personnel when indoor air quality index IAQI values signal unhealthy indoor air quality. The proactive approach ensures a regulated standard for indoor air quality and pollutants.
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Sun, Li, Peng Wei, Dane Westerdahl, Jing Xue, and Zhi Ning. "Evaluating Indoor Air Quality in Schools: Is the Indoor Environment a Haven during High Pollution Episodes?" Toxics 12, no. 8 (August 2, 2024): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080564.
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Pollution data were collected at five schools in Hong Kong using low-cost, sensor-based monitors both indoors and outdoors during two consecutive high pollution episodes. The pollutants monitored included NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10, which were also used as input to a health risk communication protocol known as Air Quality Health Index (AQHI). CO2 was also measured simultaneously. The study aimed to assess the relationship between indoor pollutant concentrations and AQHI levels with those outdoors and to evaluate the efficacy of building operating practices in protecting students from pollution exposure. The results indicate that the regular air quality monitoring stations and outdoor pollutant levels at schools exhibit similar patterns. School AQHI levels indoors were generally lower than those outdoors, with PM10 levels showing a larger proportional contribution to the calculated values indoors. NO2 levels in one school were in excess of outdoor values. CO2 monitored in classrooms commonly exceeded indoor guidelines, suggesting poor ventilation. One school that employed air filtration had lower indoor PM concentrations compared to other schools; however, they were still similar to those outdoors. O3 levels indoors were consistently lower than those outdoors. This study underscores the utility of on-site, sensor-based monitoring for assessing the health impacts of indoor and community exposure to urban air pollutants. The findings suggest a need for improved ventilation and more strategic air intake placement to enhance indoor air quality.
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Erfianto, Bayu, and Andrian Rahmatsyah. "Application of ARIMA Kalman Filter with Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Fuzzy Logic to Improve Indoor Air Quality Index Estimation." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 6, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.6.4.889.
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Air quality monitoring is a process that determines the number of pollutants in the air, one of which is indoor air quality. The Fuzzy Indoor Air Quality Index was developed in this research. It is a method for determining the indoor air quality index using sensor fusion and fuzzy logic. By combining several different time series determinants of air quality, a fuzzy logic-based sensor fusion method is used to build a knowledge base about indoor air quality levels. Without the use of complicated calculation models, fuzzy logic-based fusion will make it easier to determine indoor air quality levels based on various sensor parameters. The input for fuzzy-based data fusion is obtained from the ARIMA method with Kalman Filter's air quality parameter values estimation. The application of ARIMA with a Kalman Filter was used to improve the accuracy of indoor air quality estimation in this study. ARIMA(3,1,3) had a MAPE of 0.1 percent on the CO2 dataset, and ARIMA(1,0,1) had a MAPE of 0.63 percent on the TVOC dataset based on approximately three experimental days. ARIMA (3,1,3) estimation with a Kalman Filter results in a MAPE of 0.03 percent for the CO2 dataset and a MAPE of 0.24 percent for ARIMA(1,0,1) Kalman Filter estimation on TVOC dataset. As a result, the Fuzzy Indoor Air Quality Index (FIAQI) developed in this research reasonably estimates indoor air quality. This can be seen by examining the percentage of estimation errors obtained from the experiment.
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Altamirano-Astorga, Jorge, J. Octavio Gutierrez-Garcia, and Edgar Roman-Rangel. "Forecasting Indoor Air Quality in Mexico City Using Deep Learning Architectures." Atmosphere 15, no. 12 (December 20, 2024): 1529. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15121529.
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Air pollution causes millions of premature deaths per year due to its strong association with several diseases and respiratory afflictions. Consequently, air quality monitoring and forecasting systems have been deployed in large urban areas. However, those systems forecast outdoor air quality while people living in relatively large cities spend most of their time indoors. Hence, this work proposes an indoor air quality forecasting system, which was trained with data from Mexico City, and that is supported by deep learning architectures. The novelty of our work is that we forecast an indoor air quality index, taking into account seasonal data for multiple horizons in terms of minutes; whereas related work mostly focuses on forecasting concentration levels of pollutants for a single and relatively large forecasting horizon, using data from a short period of time. To find the best forecasting model, we conducted extensive experimentation involving 133 deep learning models. The deep learning architectures explored were multilayer perceptrons, long short-term memory neural networks, 1-dimension convolutional neural networks, and hybrid architectures, from which LSTM rose as the best-performing architecture. The models were trained using (i) outdoor air pollution data, (ii) publicly available weather data, and (iii) data collected from an indoor air quality sensor that was installed in a house located in a central neighborhood of Mexico City for 17 months. Our empirical results show that deep learning models can forecast an indoor air quality index based on outdoor concentration levels of pollutants in conjunction with indoor and outdoor meteorological variables. In addition, our findings show that the proposed method performs with a mean squared error of 0.0179 and a mean absolute error of 0.1038. We also noticed that 5 months of historical data are enough for accurate training of the forecast models, and that shallow models with around 50,000 parameters have enough predicting power for this task.
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Tariq, Hasan, Farid Touati, Damiano Crescini, and Adel Ben Mnaouer. "State-of-the-Art Low-Cost Air Quality Sensors, Assemblies, Calibration and Evaluation for Respiration-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review." Atmosphere 15, no. 4 (April 11, 2024): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15040471.
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Indoor air quality and respiratory health have always been an area of prime interest across the globe. The significance of low-cost air quality sensing and indoor public health practices spiked during the pandemic when indoor air pollution became a threat to living beings, especially human beings. Problem Definition: Indoor respiration-associated diseases are hard to diagnose if they are due to indoor environmental conditions. A major challenge was observed in establishing a baseline between indoor air quality sensors and associated respiratory diseases. Methods: In this work, 10,000+ articles from top literature databases were reviewed using six bibliometric analysis methods (Lorenz Curve of Citations, Hirch’s H-Index, Kosmulski’s H2-Index, Harzing’s Hl-Norm-Index, Sidoropolous’s HC-Index, and Schrieber’s HM-index) to formulate indoor air quality sensor and disease correlation publication rubrics to critically review 482 articles. Results: A set of 152 articles was found based on systematic review parameters in six bibliometric indices for publications that used WHO, NIH, US EPA, CDC, and FDA-defined principles. Five major respiratory diseases were found to be causing major death toll (up to 32%) due to five key pollutants, measured by 30+ low-cost sensors and further optimized by seven calibration systems for seven practical parameters tailored to respiratory disease baselines evaluated through 10 cost parameters. Impact: This review was conducted to assist end-users, public health facilities, state agencies, researchers, scientists, and air quality protection agencies.
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Wei, Qing Tao, Li Na Zhao, and Hai Ting Lv. "Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Air Quality in Home." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.484.
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Based on the indoor air quality and the evaluation index, utilize the fuzzy mathematical theory, comprehensively consider on the three important factors which influence the air quality, and through the calculation and determination the weight vector, divide the air quality into four levels as "qualified"," mild overweight"," overweight", "severe overweight". Through sampling the indoor air in a family, according to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the maximum membership degree principle, get every sample point levels from data. It will provide the method of getting a more objective evaluation of indoor air quality situation.
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Wang, Wei, Zhuang Yu, Hui Zhang, and Hai Tao Wang. "Assessment of Indoor Air Quality Using Different Air-Condition for Cooling." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.910.
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Based on observation of characteristics of NAI concentration of part of an office-building in Shenzhen, air quality of different equipments for cooling were assessed using ion polarity ratio (q) and air ion assessment index (CI). The result show that the air cleanness degree of the natural ventilation indoor is better than mechanical ventilation, using renewable energy for cooling is better than normal air-conditioning, and placed the negative ion generator has improved indoor air quality significantly. So the authors suggest to take NAI concentration as a monitoring and assessment indicators of the indoor environment, so as to provide a scientific basis and design concept for energy planning and environmental protection in the future.
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Kaewrat, Jenjira, Rungruang Janta, Surasak Sichum, and Thongchai Kanabkaew. "Indoor Air Quality and Human Health Risk Assessment in the Open-Air Classroom." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 25, 2021): 8302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158302.
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Indoor air quality is associated with academic performance and harmful health effects on students and teachers who participate in the classroom. Outdoor sources always contribute to classroom air quality. This study aims to estimate the amounts of indoor and outdoor pollutants and the influence of outdoor sources on open-air classrooms in a school located in the city. A health risk assessment was applied to assess the non-carcinogenic risk to students and teachers from exposure to the pollutants in the classroom. The concentrations of indoor NO2 ranged between 46.40 and 77.83 µg/m3, which is about 0.8 times that of outdoor NO2. A strong correlation and a high indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio (>0.5) without a source, indicated that indoor NO2 is significantly influenced by outdoor sources. The range of indoor PM2.5 concentrations was 1.66 to 31.52 µg/m3 which was influenced by meteorological conditions. The indoor PM2.5 concentrations were affected by both indoor and outdoor sources. Although the level of indoor air pollutants met the official standard, the young children were exposed to indoor air pollutants which were above the recommended limits to human health with regard to the hazard index (HI) of 1.12. Instant measures such as regularly cleaning the classrooms, zoning the students, and installation of solid and vegetation barriers are recommended to reduce the daily dose of pollutants affecting students in open-air classrooms.
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Zong, Hua, Lei Tian, Zhimeng Cao, and Minjie Luo. "Exposure of Elderly People to Indoor Air Pollutants in Wanxia Nursing Home." Buildings 13, no. 9 (August 23, 2023): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092135.
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The elderly residing in nursing homes are typically more advanced in age, have more health issues, and spend more time indoors than other elderly people. This study explored the indoor air quality in the Wanxia nursing home, the largest private nursing home in Chengdu, China, based on long-term measurement data. Air pollutant sensors measured the level of air pollution in the Wanxia nursing home from March 2021 to February 2022. This study obtained several important results: (1) The indoor air quality index (IAQI) of the Wanxia nursing home was at a low pollution level in spring, summer, and autumn, and at a moderate pollution level in winter. PM concentration played the most important role in determining indoor air quality; (2) During winter, the 24 h mean indoor concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were close to or even exceeded the standard limits. During winter and summer nights, indoor CO2 levels were very close to or greater than 1000 ppm. During spring and summer nights, the indoor TVOC concentrations exceeded the limit (0.45 mg/m3); (3) Apart from HCHO concentrations in autumn, the levels of other indoor air pollutants were significantly influenced by their outdoor levels. In addition, the seasonal indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios of CO2 and TVOCs exceeded 1; and (4) Indoor CO2 levels were closely related to indoor temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH) in each season. PM10 concentration correlated with Ta and RH in summer, while PM2.5 concentration did not correlate with Ta and RH in winter. The indoor TVOC level positively correlated with RH. Lastly, the indoor HCHO level was minimally influenced by changes in Ta and RH. Due to the above results, this study proposes targeted strategies for improving indoor air quality in nursing homes.
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Kim, Do Yun, Tae Jung Lee, Oh Jong Kwon, and Young Min Jo. "Development of indoor air quality index for air quality management of multi-use facilities." Journal of Odor and Indoor Environment 20, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15250/joie.2021.20.4.304.
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Liang, Yutong, Deep Sengupta, Mark J. Campmier, David M. Lunderberg, Joshua S. Apte, and Allen H. Goldstein. "Wildfire smoke impacts on indoor air quality assessed using crowdsourced data in California." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 36 (August 31, 2021): e2106478118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106478118.
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Wildfires have become an important source of particulate matter (PM2.5 < 2.5-µm diameter), leading to unhealthy air quality index occurrences in the western United States. Since people mainly shelter indoors during wildfire smoke events, the infiltration of wildfire PM2.5 into indoor environments is a key determinant of human exposure and is potentially controllable with appropriate awareness, infrastructure investment, and public education. Using time-resolved observations outside and inside more than 1,400 buildings from the crowdsourced PurpleAir sensor network in California, we found that the geometric mean infiltration ratios (indoor PM2.5 of outdoor origin/outdoor PM2.5) were reduced from 0.4 during non-fire days to 0.2 during wildfire days. Even with reduced infiltration, the mean indoor concentration of PM2.5 nearly tripled during wildfire events, with a lower infiltration in newer buildings and those utilizing air conditioning or filtration.
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Riffelli, Stefano. "A Wireless Indoor Environmental Quality Logger Processing the Indoor Global Comfort Index." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 27, 2022): 2558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072558.
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Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has a high-level of impact on one’s health and productivity. It is widely accepted that IEQ is composed of four categories: thermal comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ), visual comfort, and acoustic comfort. The main physical parameters that primarily represent these comfort categories can be monitored using sensors. To this purpose, the article proposes a wireless indoor environmental quality logger. In the literature, global comfort indices are often assessed objectively (using sensors) or subjectively (through surveys). This study adopts an integrated approach that calculates a predicted indoor global comfort index (P-IGCI) using sensor data and estimates a real perceived indoor global comfort index (RP-IGCI) based on questionnaires. Among the 19 different tested algorithms, the stepwise multiple linear regression model minimized the distance between the two comfort indices. In the case study involving a university classroom setting—thermal comfort and indoor air quality were identified as the most relevant IEQ elements from a subjective point of view. The model also confirms this findings from an objective perspective since temperature and CO2 merge as the measured physical parameters with the most impacts on overall comfort.
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Piasecki and Kostyrko. "Combined Model for IAQ Assessment: Part 1—Morphology of the Model and Selection of Substantial Air Quality Impact Sub-Models." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 18, 2019): 3918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183918.
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Indoor air quality (IAQ) is one of the most important elements affecting a building user’s comfort and satisfaction. Currently, many methods of assessing the quality of indoor air have been described in the literature. In the authors’ opinion, the methods presented have not been collected, systematized, and organized into one multi-component model. The application purpose of the assessment is extremely important when choosing IAQ model. This article provides the state-of-the-art overview on IAQ methodology and attempts to systematize approach. Sub-models of the processes that impact indoor air quality, which can be distinguished as components of the IAQ model, are selected and presented based on sensory satisfaction functions. Subcomponents of three potential IAQ models were classified according to their application potential: IAQ quality index, IAQ comfort index, and an overall health and comfort index. The authors provide a method for using the combined IAQ index to determine the indoor environmental quality index, IEQ. In addition, the article presents a method for adjusting the weights of particular subcomponents and a practical case study which provides IAQ and IEQ model implementation for a large office building assessment (with a BREEAM rating of excellent).
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Vasile, Vasilica, Vlad Iordache, Valentin Mihai Radu, and Claudiu-Sorin Dragomir. "The Relationship between Mechanical Ventilation, Indoor Air Quality Classes, and Energy Classes in a Romanian Context." Atmosphere 15, no. 4 (April 3, 2024): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15040444.
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Nowadays, indoor air quality (IAQ) and the energy performance of buildings are two main scientific and technical challenges because they are in direct connection with human health and the depletion of energy resources. In this study, we analyzed the influence of an outdoor air flow introduced through a mechanical ventilation system, focusing on the two aforementioned topics. A standardized ventilation rate (25 m3/h/person) led to an increase in the indoor O3 concentration (from 5 μg/m3 to 50 μg/m3) and, simultaneously, to a decrease in the indoor CO2 concentration (from 2000 mg/m3 to 800 mg/m3), a decrease in the PM2.5 concentration (from 300 μg/m3 to 150 μg/m3), and the maintenance of a constant indoor HCHO concentration. In our study, a new, single indoor air quality index, IIAQ, is proposed. This new index presents different implications: on the one hand, it has the ability to simultaneously take into account several pollutant species, and on the other hand, it can prioritize the ventilation strategy that responds to the extreme values of a certain pollutant. Moreover, indoor air quality classes were elaborated, similar to energy classes. The possibility of using this new index simultaneously with energy consumption may lead to ventilation strategies that are adaptative to dynamic outdoor pollutant concentrations.
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Leng, Xing Yang, and Ping Jiang. "Comparative Study on Indoor Air Quality Evaluation Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.267.
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This paper reviewed six kinds of indoor air quality (IAQ) evaluation methods, by which the same IAQ status were evaluated. Besides, the relations and distinctions of six methods were also analyzed. The results indicate that the evaluation results of different methods on the same sample are not identical. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, pollution loss rate method and comprehensive index method are relatively accurate, and improved grey relational analysis method has the largest error.
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Yang, Xue Bin, De Fa Sun, Xiang Jiang Zhou, and Guang Ping Lin. "Literature Survey on Building Rankings by Indoor Environment Quality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 3047–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.3047.
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Indoor environment quality can be used to rank the building performance. Environmental parameters involve operative or room temperature, predicted mean vote, predicted percentage of thermally satisfied, predicted percentage dissatisfied, air velocity, relative humidity, indoor air quality and so on. One or more parameters can be possible to establish a corresponding range for building classes. Average CO2 concentration level can be used as the index of indoor air quality to measure the office buildings or public places. Various authors in different climates or zones proposed different baseline for building grades. It should be develop a scientific methodology or evaluation system to give the convincing classification and explanation.
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Laskari, Marina, Stavroula Karatasou, and Mat Santamouris. "A methodology for the determination of indoor environmental quality in residential buildings through the monitoring of fundamental environmental parameters: A proposed Dwelling Environmental Quality Index." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 6 (July 19, 2016): 813–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16660175.
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This paper presents the methodology for the calculation of an indoor environmental quality indicator for residential buildings. The ‘Dwelling Environmental Quality Index’ has been developed with the purpose of assisting both households and property managers to identify potential problems with the indoor environment whilst ensuring that indoor environmental quality is not compromised in favour of energy saving. Based on the combined effect of three simple and commonly measured indoor environmental parameters – air temperature, relative humidity and CO2 concentrations; the index reflects in a single value the quality of indoor environmental conditions for the monitored period, in compliance with the European standard EN15251:2007. The application of the Dwelling Environmental Quality Index in single dwellings and in building blocks is demonstrated. The usability of the index as a communication and management tool for individual households and property managers is also demonstrated.
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Piasecki, Michał, Krystyna Kostyrko, and Sławomir Pykacz. "Indoor environmental quality assessment: Part 1: Choice of the indoor environmental quality sub-component models." Journal of Building Physics 41, no. 3 (July 26, 2017): 264–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259117702882.
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Indoor environment quality is a relative measure of comfort perception by people exposed to the indoor conditions. It is expected that any assessment of energy performance should also include indoor comfort. This study is to review indoor environmental quality models (with respect to thermal and acoustic comfort, indoor air and lighting quality). A simplified indoor environmental quality model is also developed with consideration of EN 15251 draft ‘Guideline for using indoor environmental input parameters for the design and assessment of energy performance of buildings’. This article analyses what components should be modelled and in particular discusses the effect of different weighting schemes on the overall indoor environmental quality index. The analysis includes thermal comfort models, indoor air quality, acoustic comfort and daylight illumination versus lightning. The proposed indoor environmental quality component sub-models will give the most reliable results when the model indoor environment input data are correctly measured and disturbing influences of indoor environmental quality monitoring process are well defined and properly assessed. The final indoor environmental quality result is based on subjoining the uncertainty values achieved in panel analysis of percentage of persons dissatisfied with indoor environmental quality with corrected measurement uncertainty. All simulations for IEQindex sub-components and preliminary metrological analysis of the whole indoor environmental quality model were performed with the NIST program for Monte Carlo tests. The presented indoor environmental quality model proposal is developed to support engineers’ practice as the convenient tool for a practical assessment of building’s occupational satisfaction.
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Mazoteras-Pardo, Victoria, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias, Israel Casado-Hernández, César Calvo-Lobo, Ángel Morales-Ponce, Alfredo Medrano-Soriano, Sergio Coco-Villanueva, and Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo. "Indoor air quality in a training centre used for sports practice." PeerJ 11 (May 1, 2023): e15298. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15298.
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Background One of the measures for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was the mass closure of gyms. This measure leads us to determine the differences between indoor and outdoor air quality. That is why the objective of this study was to analyse the indoor air quality of a sports centre catering to small groups and rehabilitation. Methods The study was conducted in a single training centre, where 26 measurements were taken in two spaces (indoors and outdoors). The air quality index, temperature, relative humidity, total volatile compounds, carbon monoxide, ozone, formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter were measured indoors and outdoors using the same protocol and equipment. These measurements were taken twice, once in the morning and once in the afternoon, with all measurements made at the same time, 10 am and 6 pm, respectively. Additionally, four determinations of each variable were collected during each shift, and the number of people who had trained in the room and the number of trainers were counted. Results In the different variables analysed, the results show that CO2 and RH levels are higher indoors than outdoors in both measurement shifts. Temperatures are higher outside than inside and, in the evening, than in the morning. TVOC, AQI and PM show less variation, although they are higher outdoors in the morning. CO is highest indoors. HCHO levels are almost negligible and do not vary significantly, except for a slight increase in the afternoon outside. Ozone levels are not significant. All the variables showed practically perfect reliability in all the measurements, except for ozone measured outside in the morning. On the other hand, the variables exhibit variations between indoors and outdoors during the morning and afternoon, except for the three types of PM. Also, the data show that all the main variables measured inside the sports training centre are similar between morning and afternoon. However, outside, temperature, relative humidity and HCHO levels show significant differences between morning and afternoon while no differences are observed for the other variables. Conclusion The indoor air quality of the training centre assessed was good and met current regulations; some of its components even exhibited better levels than fresh air. This article is the first to measure indoor air quality in a sports training centre catering to rehabilitation and small groups.
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Bhardawaj, Avdesh, Anurag Singh Chaudhary, and Raghav Bhardwaj. "A comparative study of indoor and outdoor air quality and associated potential health effects in Gurugram, India." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1382, no. 1 (August 1, 2024): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1382/1/012008.
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Abstract Deteriorating air quality remains a leading reason for global human illness and death. This study aims to investigate and compare inside and outside ambient air quality in 15 locations of Gurugram, India. Research technique adopted comprised of extracting outdoor air quality parameter values via Air Quality Index reporting stations for the entire year 2022. Parallel to that, indoor air quality parameter values of houses close to those monitoring stations were recorded through low-cost IoT based AirCubic sensors (T1595) as PM2.5, PM10, relative humidity (RH) and carbon monoxide (CO). After statistical evaluation, it was found that there were significant variations in outdoor and indoor air quality with maximum variations seen in colder season. The study revealed that PM levels were generally lower inside homes than outsides, while CO and RH concentrations were higher indoors. However, these levels often exceeded the acceptable thresholds set by both Indian national and global air quality standards, that could potentially result in harmful health effects, as well as increased risk of short and long-term illnesses, and even death. It may be concluded that more research, extensive air quality monitoring, data sharing, citizen awareness, and better technical and policy inputs are required to maintain healthy air quality for a sustainable lifestyle.
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Koufi, L., Z. Younsi, Y. Cherif, H. Naji, and M. El Ganaoui. "A numerical study of indoor air quality in a ventilated room using different strategies of ventilation." Mechanics & Industry 18, no. 2 (2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2016043.
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This study aimed to numerically investigate the air flow and contaminant dispersion in a ventilated room. The URANS equations supplemented with energy and concentration equations are solved using the scStream code. We are targeting primarily the ventilation effectiveness (εc) and the index of indoor air quality (IIAQ). Different displacement and mixing ventilation modes are investigated in isothermal conditions. The ventilation flow rate is 50 m3.h-1 Here, our ultimate aim is to suggest an effective ventilation that can ensure a good indoor air quality. The RNG k − ε model was adopted to handle the turbulence. CFD simulations were systematically checked, whenever possible, through available results. The simulation results indicate that the ventilation effectiveness to remove a contaminant and the index of indoor air quality are substantially influenced by the ventilation mode and the location of inlet and outlet air. From this study, it appears that the air flow and contaminant dispersion in a ventilated room can be typically predicted or evaluated by computer simulations.
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Bagaber, Maryam, and Shifana Fatima Kaafil. "Assessment of Indoor Air Quality in Different Spaces of Residential and Commercial Buildings in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 20, no. 4 (July 21, 2023): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw230054.
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Indoor air pollution has a significant impact on human health, triggering and inducing a wide range of diseases that result in high morbidity and mortality. In this study, indoor air pollution in different spaces of residential and commercial buildings is assessed in terms of air quality index (AQI), particulate matter PM2.5, particulate matter PM10, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde (HCHO), the total volatile organic compound (TVOC), humidity, and temperature. Two residential apartment buildings are chosen for study, one is in a busy outdoor area and the other is situated in a calm outdoor area to see the effects of outdoor air quality on indoor spaces. It is found that the indoor air quality of bedrooms in residential spaces and cafés in commercial buildings is higher than the standards, and it is recommended to provide proper ventilation for better living of the occupants. Also, it is found that there is minimal effect of infiltration of outdoor air pollutants on indoor air quality and the reason is due to the provision of mechanical ventilation with air filters and effective building envelope.
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Allana, Adrian, and Alvin Chua. "FUZZY LOGIC PROGRAM FOR BUS INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT." ASEAN Engineering Journal 11, no. 4 (October 26, 2021): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v11.17869.
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This paper proposes a fuzzy logic algorithm that evaluates the indoor environmental conditions on an urban bus specifically in Metro Manila. This algorithm identifies the value of three indexes: IAQI, TCI, and CO2. The Indoor Air Quality Index (IAQI) quantifies the level of indoor air quality of the bus. CO2, CO, NO2, O3, TVOC, and PM10 are the input parameters for the fuzzy logic system that will determine IAQI. Thermal Comfort Index (TCI) quantifies the indoor thermal condition in four levels. The indoor temperature and humidity are the input parameters for the fuzzy logic system that will determine TCI. The fuzzy logic program in this study is designed mainly for the bus ventilation control system. The created FLS program was able to give good results. The observations from the program were the following: as the indoor air pollutants increased, the IAQI decreased; as the level of thermal parameters increased, the TCI decreased; and as the CO2 level and temperature increased, the number of passengers also increased.
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Corlan, R. V., I. Ionel, M. E. Boatca, A. Draghici, R. M. Balogh, and D. Bisorca. "Indoor air quality research within a furniture factory." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2212, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2212/1/012004.
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Abstract Improving conditions and quality of life depends, among others, on the environment. People spend most of their time in a day inside buildings to work, sleep, eat, rest, and do sports and other activities. The article refers to a case study based on research on indoor environment within a furniture factory; the research is achieved via instruments for collecting diverse indoor parameters, such as temperature, CO2, PM (particulate matter) concentrations, noise, and humidity levels. All data recorded are needed to evaluate the conditions of the indoor climate in which the workers are activating. The measuring methods are shortly introduced and the IAQ (indoor air quality) index is expressed. The personnel activating in this factory is working intensely, standing up, and having to wear a mask considering the Covid-19 context. Thus, it is important to depict each aspect that might trigger a concern if IAQ limits are over passed, not mentioning the synergetic context of the diverse effects. Through revealing the IAQ, and the comfort/discomfort level PMV/PPD (predicted mean vote and predicted percentage dissatisfied) employees and company management can benefit from this awareness and enhance the behaviour in such a way that one might improve the indoor condition. The rapid and irreversible climate changes, mostly due to increasing pollution level and exhaust of greenhouse gases should push humanity to make more studies of this kind and, accordingly, realize the need of improvement and development of new solutions whereby one can sustain the indoor environment as proper as possible, in addition to the outdoor climate.
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Singh, Ajay Kumar, Satish Kumar Bhardwaj, Rajeev Kumar Aggarwal, Dimple Kumar Bhaglani, Amit Guleria, Kartikey Sahil, Gagan Deep Raj Hans, and Meenu Saini. "Mitigation of Air Pollution and its Impact on the Lung Health of Tuberculosis Patients, a Prospective Cohort Study from Rural India." Current World Environment 19, no. 3 (January 10, 2025): 1269——1278. https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.3.18.
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Our respiratory system is a primary target of the harmful effects of poor indoor and outdoor air quality; therefore, the present study was undertaken in rural settings of Solan district of HP on 23 Pulmonary tuberculosis patients diagnosed at the Secondary Care level hospital of Solan in 2018 and 2019. Their lung function assessment was undertaken with Spirometry at the beginning and after six months of anti-tubercular treatment (ATT). Accordingly, air quality (indoor and outdoor) was assessed and the Air Quality Index (AQI) was computed. In total 300 participants in ten villages of the selected patients were selected to create awareness vis a vis literacy on the significance of air quality management for ensuring human health, especially tuberculosis management. Air pollution-abating plants were introduced in residential settings (indoor and outdoor) of selected patients. The study indicated that per unit AQI improvement of 16.6, 11.86 and 13.91 due to created literacy and environmental amelioration by introducing plants and enhancing air circulation/ventilation resulted per unit increase in the lung health index of tubercular patients with each of 0.0005 units of improvement in air quality. Capacity building on air quality management improved air quality as well as lung health of tubercular patients.
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Esfandiari, Masoud, Suzaini Mohamed Zaid, Muhammad Azzam Ismail, Mohammad Reza Hafezi, Iman Asadi, Saleh Mohammadi, Salah Vaisi, and Ardalan Aflaki. "Occupants’ Satisfaction toward Indoor Environment Quality of Platinum Green-Certified Office Buildings in Tropical Climate." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 17, 2021): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082264.
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The quality of the indoor environment has become a vital component for buildings due to the time spent indoors. To this extent, the performance of the indoor environment is considered as part of the greenery criteria by green rating schemes such as the Green Building Index in Malaysia. This study aims to investigate and assess the quality of the indoor environment of Platinum-certified office buildings in a tropical climate. This research applied a case study approach over two Platinum-certified office buildings. Post-occupancy evaluation is employed integrating full-scale measurement with an occupants’ survey. The measurement was carried out from May to August, and 112 questionnaires were retrieved to evaluate occupants’ satisfaction with aspects of the indoor environment. Thermal comfort, indoor air quality, acoustic, lighting, furniture, and cleanliness are considered as the main study variables. The findings of full-scale measurement indicated high relative humidity, and low air velocity and illuminance. While occupants reported overall indoor environment quality (IEQ) comfort, a significant correlation of variables was observed. The main sources of dissatisfaction were identified as overcooling around 24 °C, high relative humidity (RH), around 70% RH, glare, and background noise around 51.9 dB. Statistically, a significant difference between occupants’ responses to IEQ of two cases was identified, although both buildings are labelled with a Platinum certificate.
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Chang, Che-Jui, and Hsiao-Yu Yang. "P-190 INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND HEAT STRESS FOR ELDERLY REQUIRING MEDICAL HOME VISITS." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0726.
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Abstract Introduction Climate change’s impact on public health is a growing concern, especially for vulnerable populations like the elderly. This study aims to assess indoor air quality and heat exposure levels for elderly patients in home healthcare settings. Methods During a three-month period from May to July 2023, this study focused on elderly patients receiving medical home visits from National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch. AirBoxes (Edimax AI-1001W V3) were placed in each patient’s home to monitor indoor PM2.5 levels, temperature, and relative humidity. Heat index (HI) values were calculated to evaluate the severity of heat exposure. Results The study included eleven elderly patients, with an average age of 72.5 years, comprising nine males and two females. Approximately 41.19% of person-time faced Extreme Caution levels of heat exposure (HI: 32.2 - 39.4°C), indicating significant exposure to elevated heat index values. An additional 37.06% of person-time experienced Caution levels (HI: 26.7 - 32.2°C). Moreover, 14.46% of person-time faced Danger levels (HI: 39.4 - 51.1°C) of indoor heat exposure. Regarding 24-hour average PM2.5 levels, 44.51% of person-time experienced Good air quality (below 12 μg/m³), and 43.67% encountered Moderate air quality (12 - 35.5 μg/m³). However, 6.88% of person-time were exposed to Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups of air quality (35.5 - 55.5 μg/m³), and 2.06% faced Unhealthy or Very Unhealthy air quality (55.5 - 250.5 μg/m³). Discussion and conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of indoor air quality and heat stress for elders. Proactive efforts to manage indoor environments are important for the elderly population.
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Zhang, Mengying, Xujuan Dong, and Jing Feng. "Indoor Air Quality Evaluation in Rural Houses Using Different Heating Methods in Northern Shanxi, China." Sustainability 16, no. 14 (July 11, 2024): 5912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16145912.
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It has been shown that heating methods have a large impact on rural indoor air quality. Previous studies on indoor air quality in rural houses involved a limited number of heating methods and lacked comprehensive comparative research on the three heating methods: coal-fired boiler radiator heating, air-source heat pump radiator heating, and Chinese stove–kang heating. In this paper, subjective surveys and objective tests were conducted on indoor air quality in rural houses using these three heating methods in northern Shanxi, China. The gray relational analysis method and the comprehensive index method were used to evaluate the indoor air pollution levels of the three heating methods. The results were as follows: The subjective evaluations of most rural residents were overly optimistic about the indoor air quality of coal-fired boiler radiator heating and Chinese stove–kang heating. The indoor TVOC concentrations from these two heating methods far exceeded the standard limit of 0.6 mg/m3 at night. The indoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations from Chinese stove–kang heating varied greatly over a day and showed intermittent peak fluctuations that far exceeded the standard limits in the initial period of fuel combustion. The pollution levels from coal-fired boiler radiator heating, air-source heat pump radiator heating, and Chinese stove–kang heating were evaluated as light pollution, non-pollution, and medium or heavy pollution, respectively.
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An, Ik-Hyun, Su-Hoon Park, Yong-Ho Lee, Chang-Hoon Lee, Sang-Bum Seo, Sang-Hyun Cho, Hyun-Woo Lee, and Se-Jin Yook. "Comparison of Local Mean Age of Air between Displacement Ventilation System and Mixing Ventilation System in Office Heating Conditions during Winter." Buildings 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010115.
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A novel displacement ventilation system (DVS) was designed using a four-way cassette fan coil unit (FCU) and air purifiers (APs) for supplying clean air. The proposed DVS in this study involved drawing indoor air through the FCU and diffusers installed in the ceiling, controlling air temperature using the FCU, and then discharging it back into the office through the APs placed on the floor. The comparative ventilation system considered was the typical mixing ventilation system (MVS) that intakes and exhausts indoor air using diffusers installed on the ceiling. The local mean age of air was used as an index to compare indoor air quality between DVS and MVS under winter heating conditions. It was found that the DVS was more effective in improving indoor air quality in winter than the MVS. Moreover, compared to the MVS, utilizing the DVS designed in this study resulted in the advantage of a much more uniform air temperature variation in the office space. Therefore, it is anticipated that modifying the structure of an indoor space with an FCU installed in the ceiling and APs on the floor to use the DVS designed in this study would greatly assist in enhancing indoor air quality.
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Bily, Viktor. "MODERN APROACH TO MICROCLIMATE CONTROL ON BOARD SHIPS." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 49, no. 6 (January 18, 2022): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4919.
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Ambient and indoor air pollution have high impact on public health. Safety of indoor air is crucial for well-being and stress tolerance of seafarers due to their prolonged stay in the environment characterized by adjacency of work and leisure premises. Flaws in ventilation and air distribution systems may lead to infiltration and accumulation of pollutants in air of living and recreation premises. However, available onboard HVAC systems designs are not fit to ensure cleanliness and quality of the indoor air of ships accommodation. In this study a new approach for indoor air quality management on board merchant ships is proposed. Air quality standards and requirements analyzed and formal representation formulated. Approximation techniques for thermal comfort index PMV reviewed and computationally efficient polynomial representation proposed. Unified dynamic model of microclimate, thermal comfort and gas composition of air is developed. Model performance was studied in simulation environment with superstructure microclimate model of a real ship. As a proof of the hypothesis a preliminary prototype developed and tested on board of gas carrier vessel. A proposed control optimization problem statement allows implementation of a wide range of indoor air quality and comfort management systems at scale. Prototype multiparameter controller based on microprocessor technology showed potential of performance improvement and scalability for development of distributed control systems.
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., Rajbala Soni. "INDOOR AIR QUALITY INDEX AND CHRONIC HEALTH DISEASE: A PILOT STUDY." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 02, no. 12 (December 25, 2013): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0212048.
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Theresa, W. Gracy, T. Tamilselvi, M. Mary Victoria Florence, and K. Revathi. "Air Watch: An Ample Design of Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 6s (June 11, 2023): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i6s.6939.
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The environment is getting contaminated drastically by introducing harmful materials into the atmosphere through the excessive activities of human in adding comfort and luxurious style in their living. The pollutant level in air has high impact of healthiness of the person inhaling it. Air not outside as well indoor is infected by various hazardous particles and gases. To assess the air quality in the particular environment, it stimulates the need to monitor the hazardous elements listed. The internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) became the part of human life by adding smartness in their daily routines from facilitating control over appliances to own health factor as well automate operations. The primary objective of the effort is to identify the gases that cause air pollution, measure the air quality, and assess the level of pollution so that we can determine which gases cause pollution and at what place is the air being impacted. An IoT based indoor air quality monitoring system is built through incorporating carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Ozone (O3), particulate matters (PM) and volatile organic components (VOC) sensors into Arduino board. The design ensures a complete air monitor, extends reliable service at low cost. A rule based system is developed to automate events upon the estimated air quality index (AQI) out of the sensory circuit.
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Tahsildoost, Mohammad, and Zahra S. Zomorodian. "Indoor environment quality assessment in classrooms: An integrated approach." Journal of Building Physics 42, no. 3 (April 17, 2018): 336–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259118759687.
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Indoor Environmental Quality is an important issue in educational buildings since it is directly related to students’ well-being and learning activities. Indoor Environmental Quality parameters have been assessed in three representative campus building typologies (old, new, and retrofitted), in Tehran, Iran, by measurements and questionnaire (n = 842) from July 2016 to April 2017. Results have been compared to the students’ overall satisfaction level and recommended standards. According to results, minimum attention to local standards with regard to Indoor Air Quality, acoustic, and lighting, especially in the old and retrofitted buildings, seems the main reason of low environmental quality in the studied cases. Fitting a multiple regression model to the questionnaire data, a mathematical model is developed to predict the overall comfort (Indoor Environmental Quality index). Studied buildings have been ranked based on the Indoor Environmental Quality index from high quality: I (building C) to out of the comfort range: IV (building A). Moreover, results reveal that the acceptable range of each Indoor Environmental Quality parameters, especially with regard to thermal and acoustic comfort, is broader in real condition in comparison with the standards. Finally, the buildings’ annual energy consumption is used to propose a Retrofit Potential Index in order to assess the impact of comfort parameters on energy consumption by integrated analyses.
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Piasecki, Michał, Krystyna Kostyrko, Małgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak, and Katarzyna Nowak. "Air Enthalpy as an IAQ Indicator in Hot and Humid Environment—Experimental Evaluation." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061481.
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The authors studied the impact of indoor air humidity in the range of 60% to 90% on building user perception in the temperature range of 26 to 28 °C. The research thesis was put forward that the impact of humidity on indoor air quality dissatisfaction of building users in a warm and humid indoor environment is greater than that indicated in thermal comfort models. The presented experiment examined the indoor air quality perception of n = 28 subjects in the test chamber of a nearly zero energy building under ten environmental conditions, together with a thermal comfort assessment. The authors developed an experimental relation for predicting building users’ satisfaction based on the Weber–Fechner law, where the predicted percentage of dissatisfied users (PD) is determined by means of air enthalpy (h), PD = f(h). The obtained results confirmed the sated thesis. Additionally, the intersection points of the experimental function and isotherms resulting from the Fanger model are presented, where the thermal comfort assessment starts to indicate lower user dissatisfaction results than experimental values. The authors recommend the experimental equation for humid air enthalpies in the range of 50 to 90 kJ/kg. The indoor air quality assessment based on the enthalpy value is simple and can be used to determine the overall Indoor Environmental Quality index of a building (IEQindex).
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Piasecki, Michał, Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina, Piotr Czerski, Małgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak, Michał Zielina, Paweł Krzyściak, Patrycja Kwaśniewska-Sip, and Wojciech Grześkowiak. "Implementation of the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Model for the Assessment of a Retrofitted Historical Masonry Building." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 6051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226051.
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Achieving a satisfactory level for indoor environments of historical buildings is an ongoing problem that needs to be solved due to a large demand for deep retrofits in the whole of Europe. The implementation of the indoor environmental quality index (IEQ) to predict an occupant’s satisfaction in thermo-modernized historical buildings is a new concept which is a response to existing needs. In this article, a relevant study is provided with the intention to evaluate the indoor environmental performance of retrofitting effects in historical buildings dating back to the years 1873–1878. Considering the historical character of the buildings, some of the cellar spaces were fitted out with an innovative internal insulation system of mineral sheets based on calcium silicate to prevent water vapor condensation and effectively limit mold growth. The IEQ methodology was applied for retrofitted and non-retrofitted spaces as a comparison. Four essential components of indoor quality are investigated: thermal comfort, indoor air quality, acoustic comfort, and visual quality. The results of sub-component indexes are calculated based on the measured indoor parameters and the specific sensory functions. This paper discusses the results of an indoor environmental analysis including a mycological air quality assessment with the newly developed IAQindex (fungal air contamination index), total volatile organic compound concentration (TVOC), CO2, and formaldehyde (HCHO) assessment, the evaluation energy-related thermal comfort, acoustic, and visual quality, of modernized spaces. A questionnaire survey study was additionally carried out among a building’s users intentioned to compare the accounts of satisfaction before and after the retrofitting process and also to compare “subjective” results with the one’s based on in situ tests. The retrofitting approach was proven to be effective in limiting the presence of molds and a significant difference in indoor environmental quality between thermally insulated and uninsulated spaces was observed and discussed.
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Chandore, Hemant Dnyaneshwar. "The Role of Indoor Plants in Improving Air and Mind-Comprehensive Review." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 9, no. 4 (2024): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.94.20.
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Rapid urbanization and concrete indoor living environments are posing challenges to human beings and their beloved pets in terms of indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Raising indoor plants has the potential to not only control indoor air quality, but also maintain psychological comfort and health. In the recent COVID-19 pandemic period, indoor plants have highlighted the importance of these plants in their overall maintenance of health and mental well-being. It is highly recommended to plant this tree after reviewing various research benefits. Keeping in mind the above view, we reviewed recent studies on indoor plants and their benefits in improving indoor environments like quality air index, temperature, humidity, etc., as well as providing psychological benefits. This systematic review of the literature demonstrates that various plant species effectively remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other pollutatns, reduce stress, and boost cognitive function. Some important strategies, such as phytoremediation, which uses bi-directional phytofilters and endophytic bacteria, offer the best air purification with well-being and cognitive performance, promoting biophilic design in indoor spaces. Studies are investigating the relationship between indoor plants and various pollutants, taking into account factors such as light intensity and plant species that play key roles in bi-directional phytofilters. In spite of some challenges, integrating plants into healthier indoor environments. Future research should refine plant selection, optimize growth conditions, and explore new technologies for better air quality and well-being.
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Duh, Feng-Chyi. "Transient Effects of Different Ventilation Methods on Car Indoor Air Quality." Studies in Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (July 15, 2015): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/set.v2i1.891.
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This study investigated transient effects on the air quality of parked cars and moving cars with and without operating air conditioning. Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and formaldehyde concentrations were measured for comparative analysis. The results showed that simply changing the air conditioning system from internal circulation to external circulation to introduce air from outside reduces carbon dioxide concentrations by more than 50%, volatile organic compound concentrations by more than 77%, and the heat index from 0.1℃/min to less than 0.05 ℃/min. In order to conserve energy and improve car indoor air quality, this study can serve as a reference on healthy car environments.
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Chiesa, Giacomo, Silvia Cesari, Miguel Garcia, Mohammad Issa, and Shuyang Li. "Multisensor IoT Platform for Optimising IAQ Levels in Buildings through a Smart Ventilation System." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 5777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205777.
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Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) issues have a direct impact on the health and comfort of building occupants. In this paper, an experimental low-cost system has been developed to address IAQ issues by using a distributed internet of things platform to control and monitor the indoor environment in building spaces while adopting a data-driven approach. The system is based on several real-time sensor data to model the indoor air quality and accurately control the ventilation system through algorithms to maintain a comfortable level of IAQ by balancing indoor and outdoor pollutant concentrations using the Indoor Air Quality Index approach. This paper describes hardware and software details of the system as well as the algorithms, models, and control strategies of the proposed solution which can be integrated in detached ventilation systems. Furthermore, a mobile app has been developed to inform, in real time, different-expertise-user profiles showing indoor and outdoor IAQ conditions. The system is implemented in a small prototype box and early-validated with different test cases considering various pollutant concentrations, reaching a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 3–4.
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D. Philemon, Sylvester, and Lucky Esemuze. "Clean air: an outlook for achieving sustainable development goals: the state of the indoor environment in Michika area of Adamawa state, Nigeria." SPC Journal of Environmental Sciences 4, no. 1 (November 30, 2022): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.14419/jes.v4i1.32169.
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This study assessed the health implications of air quality decline in residential, workplace, and school indoor environments and its implications on the health of the inhabitants of the Michika Area of Adamawa State. Pollutants such as PM, CO, NO2, and SO2 were evaluated in the morning and evening hours within 10 days using an in situ gas sampler. The data were compared to WHO and NESREA limits for human exposure. Anova and student t-test statistics were adopted to hypothesize the mean differences in the diurnal and spatial conditions of indoor air pollutants. The air quality index was estimated using the US EPA equation to determine the level of indoor air quality in relation to health implications. The study found, among other things, that ambient pollutant concentrations were statistically different in the respective indoor environments for CO (P value = 0.000), SO2 (P values of 0.02 and 0.000), NO2 (P value = 0.000), and PM2.5 (P = 0.001 and 0.0001). The residential indoor environment was reportedly dangerous for sensible groups due to the poor AQI rating for SO2, NO2 and PM10. In conclusion, air pollution is evident in the Michika area of Adamawa State, and the rate of exposure is particularly higher in the residential indoor space.
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Chen, Chen Cheng, and Chen Wei Chien. "Integrating Logis Regression and XGBoost to Construct Indoor Air Quality Improvement Research." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339601021.
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In the face of the severe global epidemic, indoor architectural space has become one of the critical issues, and the construction of a new type of “built environment” while solving “health and epidemic prevention” has become the goal of active development in countries around the world (SDGs & Pandemic Response); Pollutant concentration, optimization of indoor heat and humidity environment, and release of indoor environmental monitoring data, etc. It can not only protect the short-term needs of building users but also provide long-term health protection for building users and ultimately achieve the purpose of physical and mental health of building users. This study uses GIA-K007-12 Air Box to collect “environmental characteristics” variables; IAQ, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, CO2, TVOC, HCHO, Fungi index, TEMP, and HUMD are input variables for XGBOOST, using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 performs statistical analysis, modelling and using PYTHON to simulate the accuracy of the building fresh air system model and the decision ranking of essential factors. The test results are based on the XGBOOST decision tree. The accuracy value reaches 94.24%, and the order of critical environmental factors for the indoor fresh air system is PM1, HCHO, IAQ, Fungi index, TVOC, etc. The research results can provide the basis for constructing a teaching space for epidemic prevention and demonstrate that the establishment of an “air quality control platform that can be calculated in real-time” can improve the environmental health awareness (EHL) of stakeholders and provide for future development of epidemic prevention space planning and design in the post-epidemic era Reference and application of operation management.
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Vasile, Vasilica, Vlad Iordache, Valentin Mihai Radu, Cristian Petcu, and Claudiu-Sorin Dragomir. "The Effects of an Adaptive Ventilation Control System on Indoor Air Quality and Energy Consumption." Sustainability 16, no. 22 (November 11, 2024): 9836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16229836.
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Indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy consumption (Q) are well-known building estimators, but they are used separately. Energy consumption is used during the design stage, while IAQ is used during operation. The novelty of our approach is that we propose using both estimators simultaneously during building operations. The purpose of this study was to find an adaptive ventilation strategy that maintained good indoor air quality with minimal energy consumption. The second novelty of our approach consists of IAQ estimation. While the operation of ventilation systems depends only on the indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration at present, our novel approach uses a more global IAQ index that includes four different air pollutants. Physical models are used for the hourly prediction of the two indices: global IAQ and Q. This study presents a comparative analysis of several ventilation operations strategies: fixed versus adaptive. The main findings show that a decrease in the ventilation rate, na, from 3.5 h−1 to 2.0 h−1 leads to a diminishment in energy consumption of 42.9%, maintaining the global IAQ index under the limited health risk value (VRL). Moreover, an adaptive ventilation strategy of na, maintaining the global IAQ index value under VRL, achieves a further reduction in energy consumption of 72.9%, highlighting its efficiency.
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Almutairi, Alsanad, and Alhelailah. "Evaluation of the Indoor Air Quality in Governmental Oversight Supermarkets (Co-Ops) in Kuwait." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 17, 2019): 4950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224950.
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Examining the indoor air environment of public venues, especially populated supermarkets such as Co-Ops in Kuwait, is crucial to ensure that these venues are safe from indoor environmental deficits such as sick building syndrome (SBS). The aim of this study was to characterize the quality of the indoor air environment of the Co-Ops supermarkets in Kuwait based on investigation of CO2, CO, NO2, H2S, TVOCs, and NMHC. On-site measurements were conducted to evaluate these parameters in three locations at the selected Co-Ops, and the perceived air quality (PAQ) was determined to quantify the air’s pollutants as perceived by humans. Moreover, the indoor air quality index (AQI) was constructed for the selected locations, and the ANOVA test was used to analyze the association between the observed concentrations among these environmental parameters. At least in one spot at each Co-Op, the tested environmental parameters exceeded the threshold limit set by the environmental agencies. The PAQ for Co-Op1, 2, and 3 are 1.25, 1.00, and 0.75 respectively. CO2 was significantly found in an association with CO, H2S, and TVOCs, and its indoor-outdoor concentrations were significantly correlated with R2 values ranges from 0.40 to 0.86 depending on the tested location.
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Langer, Sarka, Theofanis Psomas, and Despoina Teli. "I-CUB: ‘Indoor Climate-Users-Buildings’: Relationship between measured and perceived indoor air quality in dwellings." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012245.
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Abstract Assessment of indoor environmental quality has recently moved to a combined methodology of both measurements and questionnaire surveys. In this study, we have used data from the national survey of the Swedish housing stock, BETSI, conducted in 2007/2008, during the heating season. The study included, among others, measurement of selected indoor air pollutants and an extensive questionnaire survey on the occupants’ perception of their dwellings. Measured concentrations of the air pollutants NO2, TVOCs and formaldehyde were aggregated into one Indoor Air Pollution Index (IAPI) on a continuous scale between 0 (excellent Indoor Air Quality; IAQ) and 10 (poor IAQ). The perceived IAQ was assessed by the occupants on a 5-point category scale from very good to very poor. On the entire scale of IAPIs, 92% of the respondents in single-family houses perceived the IAQ as very good or good and 8% as acceptable, while in the apartments, the ratings ‘very good’ and ‘good’ accounted for 58%, acceptable for 33% and 9 % for ‘poor’ and ‘very poor’, respectively. In both building types, the tendency of IAPIs was shifted to lower values (good IAQ). Analysis of IAPI-medians showed no statistically significant differences between and among the air quality perception ratings.
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Husainy, Avesahemad SN. "A Glance on Indoor Air Pollutants, their Impacts and Simple Solutions to Avoid Health Related Issues." Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology 7, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.202009.
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Every coin has two sides. Likewise, as we are progressing towards the era of technology and industrialization; a lot of worst effects are arising as well. Along with the ecosystem, human health is suffering from some adverse issues because of pollution. We have heard about outdoor air pollution but indoor air pollution is even more harmful to human health. It is being observed that Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is getting worse day by day leading to many lung diseases, breathing issues, low birth rate, eye-related diseases, perinatal conditions, etc. Hence these issues have to be considered before getting too late. Indoor air quality varies from regions i.e. in the case of developed countries; cooling-heating appliances, electric devices, petroleum products, etc. are the major contributors to deplete IAQ. While in case of developing countries which have a huge number of rural areas; biomass open fires, traditional cooking systems with direct fire expose or indoor stove, etc. are the major factors behind damaged indoor air quality. Generally, children and aged persons spend most of their time inside the house. These people have low immunity hence they get easily affected by depleted IAQ and face many health-related issues. There is a long list of harmful pollutants like NOX, COX, SOX, organic matter, etc. that play a significant role in damaging air quality. A ventilation system is essential in offices, theatres, malls, homes, etc. but the occupant devices lower the air quality index. Likewise, green-house effects increase the percentage of COX which damages nature and human health as well. All these factors, parameters, adverse effects and solutions are studied in this paper.
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Zhu, Chihui, and Nianping Li. "Study on indoor air quality evaluation index based on comfort evaluation experiment." Procedia Engineering 205 (2017): 2246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.066.
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Shoukry, Farah, Sherif Goubran, and Khaled Tarabieh. "Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Dashboard Framework and Index for Higher Educational Institutions." Buildings 14, no. 6 (June 3, 2024): 1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061640.
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This research proposes a 10-step methodology for developing an enhanced IAQ dashboard and classroom index (CI) in higher educational facilities located in arid environments. The identified parameters of the enhanced IAQ dashboard–inspired by the pandemic experience, result from the literature review and the outcome of two electronic surveys of (52) respondents, including health professionals and facility management experts. On the other hand, the indicators included in the CI are based on (80) occupant survey responses, including parameters related to IAQ, Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), and thermal comfort, amongst other classroom operative considerations. The CI is further tested in four learning spaces at the American University in Cairo, Egypt. The main contribution of this research is to suggest a conceptual visualization of the dashboard and a practical classroom index that integrates a representative number of contextual indicators to recommend optimal IAQ scenarios for a given educational facility. This study concludes by highlighting several key findings: (1) both qualitative and quantitative metrics are necessary to capture indoor air quality-related parameters accurately; (2) tailoring the dashboard as well as the CI to specific contexts enhances its applicability across diverse locations; and finally, (3) the IAQ dashboard and CI offer flexibility for ad-hoc applications.
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Conceição, Eusébio, João Gomes, Manuela Lúcio, and Hazim Awbi. "Numerical Design of a DSF System Subjected to Solar Energy and Applied in Building Occupied Spaces." E3S Web of Conferences 362 (2022): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236205005.
Full textAbstract:
A numerical design of a DSF (Double Skin Facade) system subjected to solar energy and applied to the heating of occupied spaces inside a building, in winter conditions, is presented in this study. The simulation is done using a building dynamic thermal response software to assess, among other parameters, the solar radiation incident on the DSF, the occupant thermal comfort level, indoor air quality level and thermal energy production. The occupant thermal comfort level is assessed by the Predicted Mean Vote index. The indoor air quality is assessed by the carbon dioxide concentration. The space considered in this study is an auditorium occupied by 210 people. The DSF system was installed on the south facade of this auditorium. The DSF system consists of 25 DSF. Each DSF consists of two surfaces, an opaque interior and a transparent exterior, separated by an air channel. This channel is used to heat the air that will be transported, through ducts, to the indoor HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning) system, which is founded on a mixing ventilation system. The thermal energy produced in this way ensures an acceptable level of thermal comfort during most of the occupancy time and a level of indoor air quality close to acceptable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the HVAC system guarantees a good compromise between the thermal comfort of the occupants and the quality of the indoor air.
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Piasecki, Michał, and Krystyna Kostyrko. "Development of Weighting Scheme for Indoor Air Quality Model Using a Multi-Attribute Decision Making Method." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 3120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123120.
Full textAbstract:
When planning the energy demand of ventilation, proper consideration should be given to the possible scenarios of indoor air quality and pollutant concentrations. The purpose of the present research is to create a practical method of prioritising indoor air pollutants, considering technical, economical and health aspects, in the Indoor Air Quality model (IAQ). In order to find the global weights for the combined IAQindex model sub-elements (in practice, air pollutant concentrations), the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach is used. The authors have approached the problem of a weighting scheme in a model such as the complex model of the IAQ related to making decisions with many criteria and with the Multi-Attribute Decision Making MADM approach (specifically MCDM). The basis of the MADM method is a decision matrix constructed rationally by the authors, which includes six attributes: actual indoor air carbon dioxide concentration, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and formaldehyde HCHO concentration, and their anthropogenic and construction product emissions to the indoor environment. The decision model of IAQindex includes five alternatives (possible situations), and the combination of pollutant concentration attributes with additional emission attributes is related to the indoor environment under specific situation. For defining the weights of criteria, the authors provide objective approaches: (i) entropy-based approach considering measuring the amount of information, and (ii) CRITIC, a statistic-based approach. The value of the presented method, i.e., the determination of global weights for IAQ components, is shown as a practical application to determine IAQ and the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) index for an office building used as a case study.