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Journal articles on the topic 'Indonesian Chinese ethnic group'
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1
Lan, Thung Ju. "Heterogenitas Orang Keturunan Cina (Tionghoa) di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Sosial-Budaya." Paradigma, Jurnal Kajian Budaya 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v3i1.32.
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<p>The issue of heterogeneity of Chinese Indonesians is often seen as something simple, because the general view tends to focus on traditional categorization such as race/ethnic group, religion and occupation. In fact, the development of the society which was supported by technological development has produced the variable of ‘class’ and global influences that diversify various social and economic activities so that the world of business and life within the ‘local’ and/or ‘national’ realms as a whole becomes very complex. As a result, the heterogeneity of Chinese Indonesians should be seen, not only through traditional categorization, but also according to the political history of Indonesian nation-state, the dynamics of relations between China, as the country of origin, and Indonesia as the country of settlement, the scattering of Chinese in Indonesian territory that consists of a number of big and small islands, as well as the Chinese individual’s perspective on how the Chinese should be located in the Indonesian society.</p>
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Olivia. "Bridging Ethnic Diversity through Service-Learning on Teaching Chinese Characters for Surabaya-Indonesia Toddler." SHS Web of Conferences 59 (2018): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185901024.
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This social activity is to give low-income children a chance to let the, understand the evolution of Chinese characters, hope through this activity, can attract the group of children to have more interested in other language, especially Chinese language. To understand the Chinese culture, no longer discriminate against the Indonesian Chinese culture. Evidence of discrimination against Chinese Indonesians can be found throughout the history of Indonesia, although government policies implemented since 1998 have attempted to redress this. Due to this discrimination, Chinese Indonesians have suffered an identity crisis, unable to be accepted by both native Chinese and native Indonesians. With this program, there is a hope to bridge the differences that exist with the introduction of the Chinese character on poor children in Surabaya, to let them more understand about Chinese language and the culture behind. And create a better relationship for the next generation in Indonesia. After the progress, we asking the children about this program, and they said they love it and wish to know more about China and their culture.
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Tan, Jacob Donald, Hendrawan Supratikno, Rudy Pramono, John Tampil Purba, and Innocentius Bernarto. "Nurturing transgenerational entrepreneurship in ethnic Chinese family SMEs: exploring Indonesia." Journal of Asia Business Studies 13, no. 2 (March 21, 2019): 294–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-04-2018-0132.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore and explain how predecessors (incumbents) of ethnic Chinese family small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia or appropriately called Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs nurture their successors in procuring transgenerational entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach A total of 25 participants were involved in this qualitative study which employed a multi-method triangulation design with the following research instruments: semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts, incumbents and successors of Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs, field notes from conversations and observations during engagement with participants affiliated to the family SMEs, a focus group discussion with academicians and literature reviews. Another key approach is source triangulation, where different participants – e.g. from among the experts, from among the incumbents, successors and family members in each family business case were interviewed and engaged outside the interview sessions. Findings The proposed theoretical framework depicts comprehensive attributes of nurturing Chinese-Indonesian successors to continue enterprising at the helm of family SMEs. Propositions are used to explain the impacts these attributes have on transgenerational entrepreneurship specifically. At the personal level, incumbents have to focus on discovering the successors’ passions and nurture them in formal education, childhood involvement, as well as bridging them in entrepreneurial knowledge through cultural values, mentorship, autonomy and role modelling. Incumbents also had to plan for their retirements to provide autonomy for successors. At the firm/family level, incumbents must be able to set a foothold on family governance, firm governance and ownership distribution to reduce conflicts in their family businesses. Furthermore, as a minority group with past traumatic experiences, Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs usually equip themselves with contingency plans to protect their assets for the long-term future. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted in Indonesia amongst Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs and thus it is not generalisable in other settings. Literature reviews on family SMEs succession are still scant, especially on the Chinese-Indonesian. Practical implications Predecessors/incumbents of Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs could consider implementing the proposed nurturing strategies to their successors to sustain the longevity of the business based on trust, stewardship and harmony. The theoretical research framework resulted from this study offers general suggestions on how to nurture the next generation specifically from personal/interpersonal perspectives, which must be accompanied by specific scopes of family and firm aspects. This study extends beyond indicating the factors (ingredients) by explaining how to nurture transgenerational entrepreneurship (cook the ingredients) in SMEs for a tactful transition. Hence, the incumbents play vital roles and must be poised to adjust their mindsets to certain aspects indicated in this study. Social implications Most overseas Chinese businesses are family-owned, and besides Indonesia constituting the largest Chinese population outside the Republic of China, this 3 per cent of Indonesia’s people are known for controlling about 70 per cent of the economy. Furthermore, SMEs play a significant role in the Indonesian economy, as they provide about 97 per cent off the country’s employment and 57.8 per cent of the gross domestic product. Hence, the longevity of Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs must be well managed to bolster the economy and social welfare of the country. Originality/value A transgenerational entrepreneurship model in the context of Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs which incorporates the nurturing process of the successor to step up the helm of the business is proposed in the study.
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Pratiwi, Aprilyanti, Regiant Fachturahman Nurlatif, and M. Girindra Madanacaragni. "AKOMODASI KOMUNIKASI ETNIS TIONGHOA DAN SUNDA DI SURYA KENCANA BOGOR." Jurnal Pustaka Komunikasi 4, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32509/pustakom.v4i1.1349.
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The purpose of this study was to identify the communication accommodation process carried out by ethnic Chinese and Sundanese in Surya Kencana, Bogor. The theory used in this study is Howard Giles' Accommodation Communication Theory (CAT). The results showed that the Chinese ethnic Surya Kencana initially made communication accommodations due to compulsion. However, over time and the positive feedback given by the Sundanese Surya Kencana, the Chinese finally made communication accommodations naturally. In the process of communication accommodation, the two ethnics converged, diverged and over-accomodated. The convergence carried out by Chinese is to use Indonesian mixed with Sundanese when communicating with Sundanese. The convergence carried out by the Sundanese is addressing the Chinese with ethnic greetings, (ko ko and ci ci). The divergence made by the Chinese is to be proud if they are called according to their ethnic origin. Meanwhile, the divergence made by Sundanese is to use Sundanese in a larger portion when interacting with ethnic Chinese. The over-accommodation made by the Chinese ethnic group is saying the word Alhamdulillah when interacting with the Sundanese group so that it seems forced. The over-accommodation made by the Sundanese is to greet the Chinese with a greeting according to their ethnicity but not according to the age context, so it seems impolite.
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Douglas, Cynthia M. "A Case Study for Culturally Responsive Teaching in Glodok, Jakarta, Indonesia: the Negotiation of Identity and Instruction for a Chinese-Indonesian Educator." International Journal of Chinese Education 9, no. 1 (June 17, 2020): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340122.
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Abstract This paper documents what culturally responsive teaching means for a teacher who is a member of a minority community of ethnic Chinese in Glodok (Chinatown), Jakarta, Indonesia. Culturally responsive teaching (CRT) in Indonesia has traditionally meant implementing an indigenous, Javanese-centered curriculum where ethic Chinese identity was disparaged. The data collected in this study illustrates how an educator must negotiate identity and instruction of CRT to students of her own ethnic group with whom she does not share a cultural identity. The broader significance of this study is understanding how educators from marginalized or minority communities are vital to the creation of dialogue within the constructs of culturally responsive teaching. This study illustrates the necessity to not make assumptions that educators from culturally and linguistically diverse communities are naturally predisposed to engage in CRT; this reinforces the urgency that all teachers need proper training in order to effectively employ culturally responsive teaching regardless of ethnicity, race, or culture.
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Eko Putro, Zainal Abidin. "Chinese Muslim Predicament in Indonesia's Post Reformation." Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage 3, no. 1 (February 17, 2015): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31291/hn.v3i1.20.
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Indonesian Chinese with no exception Chinese Muslim in Indonesia has stepped into a considerable freedom during the current Reformation era. As like as many other Chinese Indonesians who take a part in creating integration model without abandoning their ethnic identity, Chinese Muslim have also shown similar endeavor. However, within the context of post-Reformation democracy, it seems that Chinese Muslim solely fights against any other Indonesian Chinese group and other Muslim community in Indonesia at the same time. Study about Chinese Muslim in Indonesia after Reformation is briefly undertaken ranging from its political contexts, cultural, and economy alike. Some scholars who interest in its cultural realm have been dealt with the important role of Chinese in spreading Islam into Nusantara in 14th Century. Here, Admiral Cheng Ho was an influential figure to introduce Islam to local people in northern coastal area of Java Island. It sounds that it is unlike with many other scholars who convince that Islam came to Java in the hand of Gujarat traders. This paper tries to explore the existence of Chinese Muslim in Jakarta during the current Post Reformation era. To complete this paper, I try to combine data that taken from in-depth interview with literature review and personal observation on some people and signs of Chinese Muslim in Jakarta.
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Legowo, Wijaya K. "Konflik dan Integrasi, Sebuah Kajian Awal: Kasus Kerusuhan Medan, April 1994." Paradigma, Jurnal Kajian Budaya 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v3i1.34.
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<p>Problems of integration cannot be separated from conflicts. They are two sides of the same coin. A long, escalating conflict may contribute to disintegration. Schermerhorn (1978) on his valuable book mentions there are three models of integration: first, the harmony of the cultural problems; second, the conflict between subordination of an ethnic group and the superordinates, and third, problems of legitimacy. We have found many ethnic conflicts in the Indonesia’s plural society, especially the Chinese ethnic. The Indonesian Chinese minorities of Jakarta are still traumatized by and frightened of their memories for the Medan Riots (1994), the May Riots (1998) and the NTT incidents (2012), all of which are caused by the hatred feelings of majority towards the Indonesian Chinese ethnic.<br />Since the New Order Era, in order to come up with those problems, the government had issued numerous sets of regulations; however they had not fostered harmony of the ethnic relations within such plural society, particularly between the Indonesian Chinese ethnic and indigenous peoples in numerous regions. Based on the microscopic research on the Medan Riots, I have found a certain model problem of conflicts and integration: a certain relation between the Chinese ethnic and the bureaucracy has become one of the factors keeping the legitimation of conflicts.</p>
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Hakim, Herdiana. "‘Unsilencing’ Chinese Indonesians through Children's Literature." International Research in Children's Literature 13, Supplement (July 2020): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2020.0343.
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This study investigates children's books published after the collapse in 1998 of an authoritarian regime in Indonesia that spanned more than three decades. During these years, Indonesians with Chinese ancestry were silenced from expressing their culture, tradition, and language in public. A dichotomy between Chinese Indonesians and the ‘indigenous’ Indonesians was also employed as a political strategy that resulted in negative stereotypes of the ethnic group that persist long after the regime's demise. As the current post-authoritarian government attempts to reinstate Chinese Indonesians’ rights in observing their culture, children's literature in the country is also embracing this ethnic group. This article employs a critical multicultural reading to examine the representation of Chinese Indonesians across a range of picturebooks and middle-grade novels.
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Sofianto, Kunto, Widyo Nugrahanto, Agusmanon Yuniadi, and Miftahul Falah. "PEMBAURAN ETNIS CINA DAN KAUM BUMIPUTRA DI KOTA GARUT (TINJAUAN HISTORIS)." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 10, no. 2 (September 10, 2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v10i2.359.
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Artikel ini membincangkan pembauran antara kaum bumiputra, terutama masyarakat Sunda dan etnis Cina di Kota Garut, Jawa Barat sejak zaman kolonial Belanda hingga post kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia (RI) 1945. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri empat tahap, yakni heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Untuk membantu eksplanasi tentang pembauran itu, penulis menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi, antropologi, psikologi, dan ilmu politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada dua faktor yang menyulitkan terjadinya pembauran antara kaum bumiputra dan kelompok etnis Cina. Faktor pertama, yaitu akar sejarah yakni status kelompok etnis Cina lebih tinggi daripada golongan bumiputra. Faktor kedua, perasaan Chinese Culturalism yang masih tertanam kuat di kalangan kelompok etnis Cina. Akibatnya, perasaan itu mengarahkan mereka kepada sikap untuk senantiasa berorientasi kepada budaya leluhurnya yang memang sudah tua. Kedua faktor tersebut menyebabkan eksistensi masyarakat etnis Cina di Kota Garut, baik sebelum dan sesudah kemerdekaan Indonesia. This article discusses integration between indigenous, especially Sundanese people and group of Chinese ethnic in Garut City, West Java since the Dutch colonial era until the post independence of the Republic of Indonesia (RI) 1945. Method used in this research is historical method consisting of four steps, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. To assist the explanation of the assimilation, the author uses social sciences, especially sociology, anthropology, psychology, and political science. The conclusion of this research appears to be two factors causing the difficulty of asimilation between Sundanese people and ethnic Chinese group. The first factor, the historical roots in which the Dutch Colonial Government classified Chinese ethnic group into higher position of legal and social than Sundanese people. The second factor, a strong sense of Chinese Culturalism that is still embedded in Chinese ethnic groups, namely a sense that always glorifies the culture of its ancestors. As a result, that a sense leads them to the attitude of always being oriented to the ancient culture of their ancestors. Both factors led to the existence of Chinese ethnic communities in Garut City, increasing prominently, both before and after Indonesian independence.
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Yusmawati, Yusmawati, Cut Intan Lestari, and Nurul Hidayah. "Language Choice Used by Chinese Family in Langsa." LANGUAGE LITERACY: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v2i2.682.
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The research aims at identifying the language choice used by Chinese family in Langsa, the phenomenon that has long been seen in Chinese families: having tendency to choose Indonesian as the second language in their families even though they live in the Aceh region. This phenomenon is not only seen in the town but also in urban areas. The emergence of language selection is caused by the occurrence of language, social condition, and cultural tradition. The interesting thing to look at and study in connection with this phenomenon is that members in the family are from the Chinese ethnic group and speakers of native Chinese but the language used to communicate with the community in the chosen environment is Indonesian. The focus of this research is to analyze language selection Indonesia in a Chinese family in Langsa. The research is executed by means of descriptive qualitative method supported by the technique of interview to get deep information about the language choice.
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Ampuni, Sutarimah, and Gabrielle Irene. "Do Intergroup Threats Provoke Intergroup Anxiety? An Experimental Study on Chinese Ethnic Group in Indonesia." Jurnal Psikologi Sosial 18, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/jps.2020.24.
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Through an online experiment, this study examines the role of intergroup threat on intergroup anxiety in Indonesian Chinese ethnic group, by considering the moderating role of positive intergroup contact. The posttest-only randomized experimental design was used in this study. Sixtyfour Chinese Indonesian college students (male = 31, female = 33) were randomly assigned into treatment group (male = 14, female = 18) and control group (male = 17, female= 15). All participants were first asked to complete a positive intergroup contact scale. Following this, participants in the treatment group were asked to read threat-inducing reading passages, while those in the control group were given neutral reading passages. They then were asked to complete a manipulation check and intergroup anxiety scale. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results showed that when positive intergroup contact was controlled, intergroup threat significantly affected intergroup anxiety but in the direction opposing the hypothesis. Instead of showing higher intergroup anxiety, the experimental group showed lower intergroup anxiety compared to the control group. An interview on a few participants was conducted to explore possible explanations of this result.
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Suwardi Lubis and Riza Buana. "Stereotypes and Prejudices in Communication between Chinese Ethnic and Indigenous Moslem in Medan City, North Sumatra Province – Indonesia." Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 2, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v2i2.252.
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There are still elements of stereotypes and prejudices, which cause social distance and become obstacles to the harmonization of relations between indigenous Moslem and Chinese ethnic in Medan city. Stereotypes are characterized by a variety of labels from each ethnic group, namely: Like to group; strong family ties; rude and arrogant; aggressive and ignorant of customs; like to steal; cunning and breaking promises; poorly educated; tenacious and likes to work hard; ethnic prejudice is expressed in various forms, namely: anti-residence; avoidance; discrimination; Intercultural communication between them which ultimately did not take place effectively, where each ethnic group still retains its ethnic identity and does not want to understand the culture of other ethnic groups. The communication that is intertwined ultimately is only pseudo, rigid and shallow. Stereotypes and prejudices are the main obstacles that cause among other things the existence of social distance and the difficulty of assimilation that inhibits the integration of society in the city of Medan and the Indonesian nation as a whole.
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Friedrichs, Jörg. "Intermestic security challenges: Managing transnational bonds." European Journal of International Security 3, no. 2 (January 9, 2018): 162–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2017.19.
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AbstractIntermestic security challenges arise when there is concern in a country that a dissatisfied minority relies on transnational bonds with a foreign kin group for support. They result from ethnic and/or ideological affinities translating into foreign support seen as problematic, and they are aggravated when the dissatisfied minority is able to raise territorial claims. This can lead to complications not only in domestic politics, but also in international relations (hence, the term ‘intermestic’). Intermestic challenges can escalate into civil war and other political calamities, but they can also be managed by governments. This article develops a theoretical model and discusses it with regard to China and its Muslim-majority neighbouring countries. To the west of China, transnational bonds of Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang with co-ethnics and coreligionists in Central Asia, Pakistan, and Afghanistan complicate Chinese relations with those countries. In the southeast, transnational bonds of ethnic Chinese in Indonesia and Malaysia with their ancestral homeland have complicated Indonesian and Malaysian relations with China. While the cases have followed different trajectories, Beijing has managed either challenge rather successfully. The theoretical model developed and the management strategies discussed are likely to be useful in other contexts.
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Khairunnas, Khairunnas, Leo Agustino, and Widya Setiabudi Sumadinata. "Chinese Ethnic Youth's Voting Behavior in the 2018 Palembang Mayoral Election." Journal of Moral and Civic Education 2, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/8851412222018102.
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The emergence of demographic issues makes research related to the behavior of beginner voters very interesting to do, some studies have managed to find a tendency for beginner voter behavior, and several other studies have also succeeded in finding trends in voting behavior against ethnic identity. Therefore researchers are interested in discussing and describing the tendency of voter behavior in certain age categories which are also clashed with ethnicity factors. Chinese ethnicity is an ethnic minority that has a long history on the Indonesian political stage, and the city of Palembang is one of the cities in Indonesia that has left a lot of evidence of the history of Chinese civilization, even from the time of the Srivijaya Empire. This study aims to determine the behavioral trends of choosing Chinese Ethnic Youth in the Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Palembang in 2018. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a survey design. The unit of analysis of this study was ethnic Chinese youth who were members of the Indonesian Chinese Youth Association (IPTI) in Palembang City. This study uses a voter behavior approach with an analysis of three models, namely sociological, psychological and rational choices. Based on the results of the research in the field it can be concluded that the behavior of choosing Chinese Ethnic Youth in the Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Palembang in 2018 has a tendency towards psychological and rational voting behavior. Psychologically, the behavior of choosing ethnic Chinese youth tends to be influenced by indicators of the influence of campaigns and figures of candidates, while rationally tends to be influenced by the leadership performance indicators of candidates in the previous period.
Keywords: voting behavior, youth, Chinese ethnic group, 2018 Palembang mayoral election
Abstrak
Munculnya isu demografi membuat penelitian terkait perilaku pemilih pemula sangat menarik untuk dilakukan, beberapa penelitian berhasil menemukan kecenderungan perilaku pemilih pemula, dan beberapa penelitian lainnya juga berhasil menemukan kecenderungan perilaku memilih yang dilatarbelakangi identitas etnis. Oleh sebab itu peneliti tertarik membahas dan menguraikan kecenderungan perilaku pemilih dalam kategori usia tertentu yang juga dibenturkan dengan faktor etnisitas. Etnis Tionghoa merupakan etnis minoritas yang memiliki sejarah panjang di panggung politik Indonesia, dan Kota Palembang merupakan salah satu kota di Indonesia yang banyak meninggalkan bukti sejarah peradaban Tionghoa, bahkan sejak zaman Kerajaan Sriwijaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan perilaku memilih Pemuda Etnis Tionghoa pada Pemilihan Walikota dan Wakil Walikota Palembang tahun 2018. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan rancangan survei. Unit analisis penelitian ini adalah pemuda Etnis Tionghoa yang tergabung dalam Ikatan Pemuda Tionghoa Indonesia (IPTI) Kota Palembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perilaku pemilih dengan analisis tiga Model, yakni Model sosiologis, psikologis dan pilihan rasional. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di lapangan dapat disimpulkan bahwa perilaku memilih Pemuda Etnis Tionghoa pada Pemilihan Walikota dan Wakil Walikota Palembang tahun 2018 memiliki kecenderungan perilaku pemilih psikologis dan rasional. Secara psikologis perilaku memilih pemuda Etnis Tionghoa cenderung dipengaruhi oleh indikator pengaruh kampanye dan ketokohan calon, sedangkan secara rasional cenderung dipengaruhi oleh indikator prestasi kepemimpinan calon pada periode sebelumnya.
Kata kunci: perilaku memilih, pemuda, etnis Tionghoa, pilkada kota Palembang 2018
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Mahendra, Angga Intueri. "Analisis Fenomenologi Perilaku Komunikasi Etnis Tionghoa Di Kota Batam." Komunikologi: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Komunikasi dan Sosial 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/komunikologi.v4i2.8302.
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<p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Adaptasi dalam berinteraksi antar etnis menjadi suatu keharusan di kota yang heterogen dan multi etnis seperti Kota Batam. Upaya menjalin komunikasi antar etnis yang efektif dapat mendorong keharmonisan hubungan suatu masyarakat. Masyarakat etnis Tionghoa di Kota Batam masih memiliki stigma sebagai etnis pendatang, meskipun mereka sudah lama hidup di Indonesia. Catatan sejarah membuktikan bahwa hubungan antara etnis Tionghoa dengan berbagai etnis lain di Indonesia sudah terjalin sejak lama dan memberikan kontribusi yang cukup penting dalam kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat khususnya di kota Batam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenomena perilaku komunikasi (verbal dan non verbal) antara etnis Tionghoa dengan etnis lainnya di kota Batam, serta perilaku komunikasi antar etnisnya. Pendekatan penelitian kualitatif interaktif dengan analisis fenomenologi dengan objek penelitian di lingkungan organisasi PSMTI dan BMTI kota Batam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perilaku komunikasi verbal antar pribadi masyarakat etnis Tionghoa di dalam lingkungan keluarga pada umumnya banyak menggunakan bahasa etnis masing-masing suku. Sementara penggunaan bahasa Indonesia digunakan untuk pendidikan anak serta sebagai pelengkap dan substitusi beberapa konteks bahasa yang tidak ditemukan padanannya dalam bahasa etnis. Di lingkungan organisasi baik PSMTI maupun BMTI, penggunaan bahasa Indonesia baik secara lisan maupun tertulis menjadi secara lebih dominan. Berbagai bentuk komunikasi non verbal masyarakat etnis Tionghoa, antara lain meliputi penggunaan simbol warna merah, artefak berupa bangunan rumah ibadah dan patung, bahasa tubuh seperti gerakan mengepalkan kedua tangan serta bentuk komunikasi non verbal lainnya.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>Adaptation in inter-ethnic interactions is a necessity in a heterogeneous and multi-ethnic city such as Batam City. Efforts to establish effective inter-ethnic communication can promote harmonious relations in a society. The Chinese ethnic community in Batam City still has the stigma of being an ethnic immigrant, even though they have lived in Indonesia for a long time. Historical records prove that the relationship between the Chinese ethnic group and various other ethnicities in Indonesia has been established for a long time and has made quite an important contribution to the social and economic life of the community, especially in the city of Batam. This study aims to determine the phenomenon of communication behavior (verbal and non-verbal) between ethnic Chinese and other ethnic groups in Batam city, as well as communication behavior between ethnic groups. An interactive qualitative research approach with phenomenological analysis with the object of research in the PSMTI and BMTI organizations in Batam City. The results showed that the interpersonal verbal communication behavior of the Chinese ethnic community in the family environment generally uses the ethnic languages of each tribe. Meanwhile, the use of Indonesian is used for children's education as well as as a complement and substitute for several language contexts where no equivalent is found in ethnic languages. In both PSMTI and BMTI organizations, the use of Indonesian both orally and in writing is becoming more dominant. Various forms of non-verbal communication for the Chinese ethnic community include the use of red symbols, artifacts in the form of houses of worship and statues, body language such as clenching fists and other forms of non-verbal communication.</em></p>
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Cahyono, Erwin, Wildan Syafitri, and Agus Susilo. "Ethnicity, Migration, And Entrepreneurship In Indonesia." Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.2021.009.01.1.
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Extant studies demonstrate the vital roles of ethnicity group and culture influencing individual intention and decision to become an entrepreneur. Meanwhile, in the entrepreneurial decision, each ethnic group has different preferences regarding where to run it, at the origin or overseas. This study examines the roles of group ethnicity and culture in affecting the likelihood of an individual’s choosing entrepreneurship as their occupation using the combined data of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) and the Population Census Report. Our findings substantiate that group ethnicity and culture significantly influence the likelihood of entrepreneurial decisions. Furthermore, using Javanese as a reference, we found the Balinese, Batak, Chinese, South Sumatran, and Minangkabau tend towards entrepreneurship. The difference is that the Balinese, Batak, Chinese, and South Sumatran tend to run their business around where they live, while the Minangkabau are overseas.
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Pahrozi, Rohim. "DINAMIKA PEMBAURAN IDENTITAS TIONGHOA MUSLIM DI PALEMBANG." Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v13i1.1313.
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The aim of this research is to reveal the ethnic identity of Tionghoa Moslem in Palembang. An important theme related to Chinese ethnic in keeping their Chinese identity amid the plurality of Indonesian society and culture in everyday life in Palembang will be revealed. Is there a conflict in the majority Muslim community, where this group has dual identity, China and moslem. Social identity theory is chosen as a theoretical tool to understand the problem of this research. This research was conducted in Palembang by involving several samples of research subjects from moslem of Chinese Totok to moslem of Chinese descent. This research is a qualitative research by using symbolic interactionist approach. This approach focuses on the personal aspects of the subject of research aimed to identifying the emerging social dynamics associated with ethnic Chinese that living in Palembang in maintaining their social identity while interacting with other social identities. Determination of informants using the principle of snowball. Technique of collecting data through interview, observation and documentation, and analyzed by using descriptive qualitative.
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Rosi, Rois Imron. "BEING MUSLIM IN CHINA: HUI ETHNIC PERSPECTIVE." J-PIPS (Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial) 7, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jpips.v7i1.10480.
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Understanding identity helps individual to understand himself/herself and knows his/her position in the society. It is also expected to lead individual having a better tolerant attitude toward other cultures. Furthermore, ‘Hui’ is a Muslim majority ethnic live in China while Muslim as minority group of the country. This study tries to explore Hui ethnic perspective and experience on being Muslim in China. This study is designed qualitatively. The data is presented in the form of description and explanations. The primary research objects are 3 female and 1 male Hui ethnic who are currently living and studying in Indonesia. The result stated that Muslim in China as represented in many Muslim world who are believing in God and practicing rituals, even there are some different practices experienced by Chinese-Muslim. In term of interaction, Chinese-Muslim are more open with other non-Muslim ethnic, and they develop and construct dual identity in order to live in harmony within ‘Han’ majority ethnic group. This study will enrich the sociological analysis of identity within minority group.Keywords: Muslim Identity; Chinese-Muslim; Hui Ethnic
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Ginting, Eraskaita, and Yusnaini Yusnaini. "Social Inequality among the Female Merchants of Ethnic Malay and Chinese." Society 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i1.126.
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People in Jambi city assume that Pasar Hong Kong, a traditional market located in Jelutung sub-district, is “a Chinese market”, even some areas in the city of Jambi such as Jelutung, Koni, and Talang Banjar are dominated by the ethnic of Chinese. This research aims to explore how social inequality that occurs due to the advantages and disadvantages of an ethnic group so that it can affect individual attitudes that damage social capital. This research uses a case study approach with in-depth interviews and literature study as data collection techniques. The subjects of this study were ethnic Malay and Chinese female merchants in Pasar Hong Kong, Jambi city, Indonesia. This research found that social inequalities that occur among the female merchants of ethnic Malay and Chinese in Pasar Hongkong occur naturally, where both merchants and buyers have a high tolerance when interacting. Although sometimes there are differences in attitude when the merchants serve different ethnic buyers. The involvement of traditional leaders in managing social inequalities is very important due to the lack of assimilation among ethnic Malay and Chinese.
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Rokib, Mohammad. "One House Two Temples: The Ambivalence of Local Chinese Buddhism in Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Kawalu: Journal of Local Culture 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/kawalu.v6i1.2043.
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The Chinese community in Yogyakarta is used to culturallydivided into two groups: peranakan and totok. The peranakanwere Chinese with local roots. This group was usually influenced by local Javanese culture. Their language also oftenused Javanese language elements. Mosttotokwere Chinese immigrants and their immediate descendants who were less acculturated and more strongly oriented towards China. They spoke various Chinese dialects at home rather than speaking Indonesian. This paper observes these two Chinese communities in Yogyakarta, particularly with reference to the Gondoman district, one of the largest areas with Chinese ethnic population. I emphasize here that Gondomananklenteng is an ambivalence worship place. Klenteng and Buddha Prabhaviharaare two temples that having different rituals and different religious teachings. The Gondomananklentenghas been obligating klentengmembers to pray to the ancestor, whereas the same members havealso practiced Buddhism in the Buddha Prabhavihara, in the backside of the klenteng. The two templesrepresent two religions; klenteng indicates traditional religion that is practiced by their ancestors, while vihara is a worship place that implements some Buddhism obligations. This fact indicates an ambivalent worship place.
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Arista, Bella, and Abhirama S. Perdana. "BUKALAPAK AND THE REPRESENTATION OF THE CHINESE ETHNIC IN THEIR ‘BU LINDA’ ADVERTISEMENT." ICCD 1, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33068/iccd.v1i1.6.
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Indonesia is a diverse country of tribe and culture, where differences can sometimes lead to pros and cons in the society. Media representatives should continue to describe each ethnicity in Indonesia by upholding good values, traditions, and social roles in society. Media today needs to be shifted to describe a particular ethnic/ethnic group in a more convenient way without eroding social norms, cultures, and beliefs in the society. Bukalapak's advertisement, entitled "Bu Linda", reflects the other side of a Chinese descendant in Indonesia and also reflects on the idea of inter-ethnic harmony, this study analyses Bukalapak's advertisement with the title "Bu Linda" using Critical Public Relations Analysis with Visual Grammar from the Social Semiotics Approach. The purpose of this study is to explore how Bukalapak represent the Chinese descendants in Indonesia through its advertisement.
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Jacobsen, Michael. "Living in the Shadow of Mainland China - On Delineating Social and Political Constrains Among Southeast Asian Chinese Entrepreneurs." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 25 (February 5, 2008): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v25i0.1428.
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Abstract
Taking a point of departure in the fluid political and economic landscape of East and Southeast Asia, this paper focuses on ethnic Chinese SME entrepreneurs in Southeast Asia, who are gradually becoming the focus in a discussion of whether a rising Mainland Chinese economy is a positive or negative force in Asia. Contrary to the coherent nature usually associated with this particular ethnic group, this article argues, that in fact it is divided into many smaller factions. This differentiation of the ethnic Chinese community in Southeast Asia, it is argued, is a reflection of many different influences from, especially, colonialism, and different contemporary social and political developments within the individual Southeast Asian countries. This increasing societal complexity makes ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs vulnerable in the wake of a rising Mainland Chinese economy, as they await to see if the latter impacts positively or negatively on the various Southeast Asian economies, thus indirectly influencing how they are embedded within their societies.
Keywords: China, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Chinese entrepreneurship, national politics, ethnicity.
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Widyastuti, Susana. "THE NARRATIVE DISCOURSE OF INTERETHNIC BEHAVIOURS AND RELATIONS: THE CONTESTATION OF ETHNIC IDENTITY." LITERA 18, no. 3 (November 19, 2019): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v18i3.27973.
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Drawing from Discursive Social Psychology (DSP) (Potter, 1998; Potter & Edwards, 2001), this study is concerned with how attitudes, behaviours, and identity can be observed through language in use or discourse. Focusing on the narratives of the marginalized Chinese Indonesians, it particularly aims at revealing behaviours in coping with the majority group, and how such behaviours may in turn shape intergroup relations and ethnic identity. The data were in the form of narratives of personal experience of Chinese Indonesians collected through interview which were then scrutinized through in-depth analysis within their socio-political context. It has been revealed that in dealing with unequal power relations, two behaviours are embraced – convergence and divergence – which are manifested in various discursive and social practices of adapting to the wider society and maintaining aspects of ethnic identity. Any choice of behaviours can have consequences for interethnic relations and ethnic identity. The ideological power exercised by different regimes has obviously constructed ethnic identity and thus made it historically and ideologically contested. The contestation is discursively articulated through the negotiation between ethnic and national identity, the labelling practice using the words Cina and Tionghoa, and the perpetuation of stereotypes associated with the ethnic group. Keywords: ethnicity, discourse, identity, social-psychology
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Sari, Betty Tjipta, Fons J. R. van de Vijver, Athanasios Chasiotis, and Michael Bender. "Contextualized bilingualism among adolescents from four different ethnic groups in Indonesia." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 6 (October 4, 2018): 1469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006918803678.
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Aims and objectives: We were interested in group differences in Indonesia in bilingualism, whether vocabulary knowledge shows a differential pattern across the languages, and whether language skill and usage differences between groups are moderated by contextual factors, such as ethnic group size. Data and analysis: We examined group differences in language usage at home and in public, self-reported proficiency, and vocabulary scores in both languages among 632 adolescents (292 males, Mage = 14.57 years) from four ethnic groups in Indonesia (214 Javanese, 115 Batak Toba, 108 Toraja, and 195 Chinese). Differential item functioning analysis was conducted to test whether adolescents had different vocabulary they only know in one language, which would indicate equality or inequality in access to knowledge in the two languages. Findings: There were large differences in language knowledge and usage. The lowest scores in ethnic language vocabulary and usage were found among the Chinese group. Across groups, scores for Bahasa Indonesia (L2) vocabulary were higher than ethnic language (L1) vocabulary. However, the ranking from easy to difficult words was similar across the languages and there were no specific sets of items that were differentially known in any language. Implication: Despite the differences in bilingualism skill and usage, all groups have similar access to different domains of the languages, and L2 (Bahasa Indonesia) seems to have become the dominant language in all groups. Our findings also imply that bilingualism comprises various domains, including language skill, self-reported proficiency, and self-reported usage, and that the associations between these components are not very strong. Originality: We investigated bilingualism among non-immigrant adolescents in an under-researched, non-WEIRD (western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic) society. The study shows the role of language usage and skill that is different from a western context in various aspects, such as the dominance of L2 in all groups.
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Agustian, Endy, Rini Rachmawati, Raden Rijanta, and Agus Joko Pitoyo. "Characteristic of multi-ethnic settlement in Indonesia, a case study: Kampung 3-4 Ulu Laut settlement on Musi Riverbank in Palembang City." E3S Web of Conferences 200 (2020): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020003002.
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The plurality found at Kampung 3-4 Ulu Laut settlement on Musi Riverbank in Palembang city is one example of a case that can represent multi-ethnic settlement in Indonesia. The settlement consists of various kinds of ethnic, including native Palembang ethnic, Palembang Cirebon ethnic, Palembang Chinese ethnic, and migrant ethnics from areas outside of Palembang city. The existence of various multi-ethnic groups has influenced several physical sites of settlement, economic activities, social-cultural activities, and the basic values of life in settlement. This research aims to explore the empirical evidence at Kampung 3-4 Ulu Laut, so the characteristics of the settlement can be identified. The research method used is a case study research method that focuses on individual representation of a group, organization, situation, event or phenomenon in a natural context. Data is collected through a variety of data collection techniques, including documents, archival records, in-depth interviews, direct observation, and physical devices. The results showed that there were cultural variations between ethnic groups, both from the physical side of settlement, economic activities, social-cultural activities, and the basic values of life, which indirectly became a characteristic for settlement of Kampung 3-4 Ulu Laut on Musi Riverbank in Palembang city.
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Taufik, Taufik. "Ethnocultural Empathy in A Pluralistic Society: Inter-ethnic Relationships of Javanese and Chinese Children in Surakarta." Open Psychology Journal 12, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350101912010095.
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Objective:The present qualitative research described the ethnocultural empathy existing between Javanese and Chinese children in a pluralistic population.Materials and Methods:Data was collected using focus group discussions and oral interviews. Sixteen students (boys and girls) of multi-ethnic schools in Surakarta of Indonesia participated in the present study.Results:Results indicated that (1) participants acknowledged that they had to feel what other people felt, and it is the beginning of ethnocultural empathy; (2) participants who had interaction-experiences with those from different backgrounds seemed to have high levels of ethnocultural empathy; and (3) at school, both ethnic groups were taught to respect each other’s culture.Conclusion:The present study indicated that empathy had a strategic role in building social strength. Using empathy, each group understood and felt conditions of other groups.
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Abidin, Yusuf Zainal. "Keberagamaan dan Dakwah Tionghoa Muslim." Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/idajhs.v11i2.1884.
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Research on the religious activities and da’wah of Chinese Muslims in Indonesia are still very minimal, even though this ethnic group also contributes to the spread of Islam in Indonesia. This study describes the diversity and propaganda of Muslim Chinese in the city of Bandung. With the case study method, we find out how the religious experience and da'wah of Muslim Chinese as a form of thought, deed and congregation. The results of the study revealed that diversity and da'wah among Muslim Chinese is a social act as part of religious experience in the form of (1) thought that religious diversity is not only limited to facts social that the Chinese ethnic are Muslims, but also felt and lived in the form of social interaction. (2) rites, da'wah activities for the ethnic Chinese need an initial study of their ancestral culture and (3) congregation in the form of support from external Chinese Muslims and the spirit of some of them to unite in the form of activities in the Laotze 2 mosque and in the Al-Imtizaj mosque Bandung.Kajian tentang keberagamaan dan dakwah Tionghoa Muslim di Indonesia masih sangat minim, padahal etnis ini juga turut memberikan kontribusi bagi penyebaran Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggambarkan keberagamaan dan dakwah Tionghoa muslim di Kota Bandung. Dengan metode studi kasus dicari bagaimana pengalaman keagamaan dan dakwah tionghoa muslim sebagai bentuk pemikiran, perbuatan dan persekutuan Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa keberagaman dan dakwah di kalangan Tionghoa Muslim merupakan tindakan sosial sebagai bagian dari pengalaman keagamaan berbentuk (1) pemikiran yaitu keberagamaan tidak hanya terbatas pada fakta sosial bahwa etnis Tionghoa beragama Islam, tetapi juga dirasakan dan dihayati dalam bentuk interaksi sosial. (2) ritus, kegiatan dakwah bagi etnis Tionghoa memerlukan kajian awal tentang budaya leluhur mereka dan (3) persekutuan berupa dukungan dari pihak eksternal Tionghoa Muslim dan semangat sebagian dari mereka untuk bersatu yaitu dalam bentuk aktivitas di masjid Laotze 2 maupun di masjid Al-Imtizaj Bandung.
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Ningrum, Vitarani DA, Rochmy Istikharah, and Rheza Firmansyah. "Allele Frequency of SLC22A1 Met420del Metformin Main Transporter Encoding Gene among Javanese-Indonesian Population." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (February 14, 2019): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.087.
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BACKGROUND: Genetic variation in the genes that encode metformin transporters has been proven to cause pharmacokinetic variability and various glycemic response to metformin. Organic Cation Transporter (OCT) 1 protein encoded by the SLC22A1 gene is primarily responsible for the process of metformin influx to the hepatocytes as the target of antihyperglycemic action as well as metformin elimination through the renal. This study aimed to determine the allele frequency distribution of the SLC22A1 Met420del gene in OCT1 among the Javanese population, the largest ethnic group in Indonesia with T2DM.
METHODS: The research involved 100 adult patients from 9 healthcare facilities in Yogyakarta Province. The PCR-RFLP method was employed as a genotype analysis to detect polymorphism using 5'-AGGTTCACGGACTCTGTGCT-3' forward primer and 5'-AAGCTGGAGTGTGCGATCT-3' reverse primer.
RESULTS: No AA variant (wild type) type was found in the SLC22A1 Met420del gene, and only 4% of the subjects had Aa heterozygote type. The allele frequencies of A and a were 2.0% and 98.0% in all subjects, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The allele frequencies in the Javanese-Indonesian population were almost the same as those in the studies involving Japanese, Chinese-Han, and Asian-American populations. This study recommends further research on the correlation between the influence of methionine deletion at codon 420 on the variability of pharmacokinetic profiles and the glycemic response to metformin as well as the incidence of gastrointestinal intolerance due to metformin administration.
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Kian, Kwee Hui. "Studies on the Chinese in Southeast Asia in the twenty-first century." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 166, no. 4 (2010): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003614.
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Review of: Michael D. Barr and Zlatko Skrbis, Constructing Singapore; Elitism, ethnicity and the nation-building project. Copenhagen: NIAS Press, 2008, xiii + 304 pp. ISBN 978877694028, price GBP 50.00 (hardback); 9788776940294, GBP 16.99 (paperback). Marleen Dieleman, The rhythm of strategy; A corporate biography of the Salim Group of Indonesia. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2007, 205 pp. [ICAS Publications Series, Monograph 1.] ISBN 9789053560334. Price: EUR 29.50 (paperback). Kristina Goransson, The binding tie; Chinese intergenerational relations in modern Singapore. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2009, x + 191 pp. ISBN 9780824832599, price USD 57.00 (hardback); 9780824833527, USD 26.00 (paperback). Chang-Yau Hoon, Chinese identity in post-Suharto Indonesia; Culture, politics and media. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2008, xi + 230 pp. ISBN 9781845192686. Price: GBP 49.95 (hardback). Leo Suryadinata, Understanding the ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2007, x + 310 pp. ISBN 9789812304377. Price: USD 21.90 (paperback). Sikko Visscher, The business of politics and ethnicity; A history of the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Singapore: NUS Press, 2007, xviii + 372 pp. ISBN 97899713657. Price: USD 32.00 (paperback). Voon Phin Keong (ed.), Malaysian Chinese and nation-building; Before Merdeka and fifty years after. Vol. 2. Kuala Lumpur: Centre for Malaysian Chinese Studies, 2008. ISBN 9789833808066 (hardback); 9789833908059 (paperback).
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Suwartiningsih, Sri, and David Samiyono. "Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Nias dalam Mempertahankan Harmoni Sosial." Societas Dei: Jurnal Agama dan Masyarakat 1, no. 1 (October 24, 2017): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.33550/sd.v1i1.53.
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Abstract:Being a pluralist community, Nias consists of not only the Nias ethnic group but also other ethnic groups, such as Tionghoa (Chinese), Padang, Batak and Javanese. Social harmony within the community is like no other ever found in other regions across Indonesia. Indeed, social harmony amongst the Nias community has been a very much interesting social fact for research and analysis. Has some sort of local wisdom been exercised as a social capital to create the social harmony within the life of this religious-pluralist community? A research on this was conducted in Kota Gunungsitoli by applying the descriptive-qualitative research. The research shows that their local wisdom of Banua dan fatalifus/em>ta, Emali dome si so ba lala, ono luo na so yomo, Sebua taideide sideideide mutayaig/em>and the fact that religious communites in this region have strong understanding and emphasize on their religious values are matters that heavily influence both the creation and the preservation of the social harmony within the community. Keyword :Social-harmony, Religious Pluralism, Cultural diversity, Nias, Banua dan fatalifus/em>ta
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Ras, Fakhri. "An Analysis of English Proficiency of the Students of Universitas Riau – Indonesia." International Journal of Educational Best Practices 1, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijebp.v1n1.p111-122.
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The objectives of this study are to: (1) acknowledge the students’ English competence based onthe taken majors and study programs, (2) determine the general English competence (TOEFLEquivalent). The target group of the study is all students who took English language at variousfaculties and at the same time also enrolled at TOEFL Equivalent at UPT Bahasa Universitas Riau(Language Center). The number of the population is 9.765 the students. Due to the homogenouscharacters of the population, 20% out of the population (1.953 students) were taken as sample ofthe research. TOEFL Equivalent compiled by the Language Center of Universitas Riau was usedto collect the needed data. Descriptive statistics was operated to compute the data in order to getmean of the TOEFL Equivalent scores. Inferential statistics (Annova) was applied to differentiatethe scores of TOEFL Equivalent obtained by various backgrounds of the students (gender, programtaken at Universitas Riau, majors at senior high schools, region of their senior high schools, schoolstatus and ethnic groups). After analysing the data, it was found that female students’ mean scoreis higher (405) than the male’s (402); the mean TOEFL score of the study program taken atUniversitas Riau in which the English Students is the highest (432) among a lot of study programs;the mean score of the students of Riau Province is higher (420) than the Riau Archipelago Province(401); the mean score of students of private schools is higher (405) than the state schools (404);the mean of TOEFL score of Language and Art is the highest (432) among three majors (naturalscience, social science and other science). The last is the Chinese / Tionghoa mean of TOEFLscore is the highest (438) among existing ethnic groups. The findings suggest that the students ofUniversitas Riau should be aware of understanding parts of the TOEFL materials like listening,reading, and structure especially in the area of their difficulties.
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Sutanto, Okki, and Nani Nurrachman. "MAKNA KEWIRAUSAHAAN PADA ETNIS JAWA, MINANG, DAN TIONGHOA: SEBUAH STUDI REPRESENTASI SOSIAL." Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat 5, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24854/jpu12018-75.
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<p class="normal"><em>Abstract </em><em>—</em><em> </em><em>The important link between culture and entrepreneurship has often been overlooked by psychological research on entrepreneurship. The present study explores the meaning of entrepreneurship among three ethnic groups in Indonesia: Javanese, Minangese, and Chinese. Using the perspective of social representation theory, especially the structural approach, this study employs the mixed-method design. By using quantitative approach with Hierarchized Evocation method on 122 subjects the attributes and structure of entrepreneurship’s social representation were discovered. The central core elements of the Javanese were autonomy and hard work, the Minangese were trading, products, capital, and autonomy, and for the Chinese were strategy and management and hard work. The qualitative approach using interview conducted on 11 entrepreneurs found that each ethnic group views entrepreneurship differently. The different views manifested on several aspects such as the motivation to start a business, the important values and views regarding entrepreneurship. Some attributes which were found to be unique for each ethnic were honesty and nrimo for the Javanese, observance to religion and belongingness to one’s hometown for the Minangese, and creativity and patience for the Chinese.</em></p><p class="normal"><em><br /></em></p><p class="normal">Abstrak <em>—</em><em> </em>Pentingnya kaitan budaya dalam kewirausahaan belum banyak digali oleh penelitian Psikologi di bidang kewirausahaan. Studi ini mengeksplorasi pemaknaan kewirausahaan pada tiga etnis di Indonesia yakni Jawa, Minang, dan Tionghoa, dengan menggunakan perspektif representasi sosial, khususnya pendekatan struktural. Desain penelitian <em>mixed-method</em> digunakan dalam studi ini. Pada pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik <em>Hierarchized Ecovation</em> pada 122 responden berhasil memetakan atribut dan struktur representasi sosial tentang kewirausahaan. Pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara pada 11 responden menemukan perbedaan pemaknaan kewirausahaan termanifestasi dalam tiga hal yakni alasan berwirausaha, nilai dan hal yang dianggap penting dalam berwirausaha, dan proses pelestarian nilai-nilai kewirausahaan. Ditemukan bahwa<em> central core</em> pada etnis Jawa adalah kemandirian dan kerja keras, sedang pada etnis Minang adalah berdagang, produk, modal, dan kemandirian, dan pada etnis Tionghoa adalah strategi dan manajemen serta kerja keras. Sejumlah atribut yang menjadi kekhasan masing-masing etnis yakni kejujuran dan <em>nrimo</em> pada etnis Jawa, kesalehan pada agama dan kecintaan pada kampung halaman pada etnis Minang, serta kreativitas dan kesabaran pada etnis Tionghoa.</p><p class="normal"><em><br /></em></p>
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Li, Chun-Hao, and Shu-Yao Hsu. "Acculturation and psychological well-being of immigrant brides in Taiwan." Asian Education and Development Studies 6, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-02-2016-0015.
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Purpose Since the 1990s, an imbalanced marriage market has ushered in a great number of female immigrants, mainly from China and certain ASEAN countries, into Taiwan. These immigrant brides lose their original social networks and face difficulties acculturating, which in the long run may take a toll on their psychological well-being. The purpose of this paper is to identify what the factors are and how they are associated with the symptoms of depression and anxiety among immigrant brides. Design/methodology/approach Due to the difficulty of identifying immigrant brides within the general population, the research relies on a convenience sample of 366 immigrant brides in eight cities or counties in Taiwan. The research team provided questionnaires in different languages including Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, English, Vietnamese, Thai, and Indonesian. Surveyed immigrant brides filled in questionnaires while participating in activities for Immigrant Day. Findings Hierarchical regression analyses show that perceived discrimination and sociocultural barriers are the two greatest factors causing depression and anxiety among immigrant brides. However, the effect of social support is not as clear as expected. Emotional social support from “the same ethnic group” is significant in reducing the symptoms of psychological depression of immigrant brides, but it cannot explain the variation in anxiety among immigrant brides. Originality/value Although the psychological well-being of immigrant brides in Taiwan is an important issue, little scholarly research has been published on this increasing segment of the population. The research can improve our understanding of the acculturation of immigrant brides in Taiwan. Meanwhile, the findings in the Taiwan-based research may provide further helpful knowledge for South Korea and China, both of which generally share a similar culture with Taiwan and are also facing the issues of marriage market imbalance and the increase of immigrant brides, in developing prevention and intervention strategies and/or programs to enhance the psychological well-being of immigrant brides.
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Piovella, Franco, Ching-Jen Wang, Housan Lu, Lee Kenneth, Lai Heng Lee, Won Chul Lee, Alexander G. Turpie, et al. "High Rate of Deep-Vein Thrombosis in Asia after Major Orthopedic Surgery: The AIDA Study Final Results." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 2580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2580.2580.
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Abstract Background: The incidence of post-surgical venous thromboembolism is thought to be low in Asian populations and routine thromboprophylaxis is not implemented. Objective: In this large multinational, multiethnic study, we evaluated the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs. Methods: We performed a prospective epidemiological study in 19 centers across Asia (China, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand) in patients undergoing elective total hip replacement (THR), total knee replacement (TKR) or hip fracture surgery (HFS) not receiving pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. The primary endpoint was the rate of DVT of the lower limbs objectively documented by mandatory bilateral ascending venography performed 6 to 10 days after surgery and evaluated by a blinded central adjudication committee. Results: Overall, 407 Asian patients (20–99 years) undergoing THR (n=175), TKR (n=136) or HFS (n= 96) were recruited in 19 centres. 72.5% of the enrolled patients had adequate venograms. Total DVT was diagnosed in 121 of 295 evaluable patients (41.0%, [95% confidence interval: 35.4–46.7]). Proximal DVT was found in 30 patients (10.2% [7.0–14.2]). Total DVT and proximal DVT rates were the highest in TKR patients (58.1% and 17.1%, respectively), followed by HFS patients (42.0% and 7.2%, respectively), then THR patients (25.6% and 5.8%, respectively). DVT was more frequent in female patients aged at least 65 years. By-country analysis showed that the highest DVT rate was observed in Indonesia (78.6%) and the lowest in China (24.3%). By ethnic group, the lowest DVT rate was observed in Koreans (29.8%), while similar results were found in Chinese (45.0%) and in other non-Korean non-Chinese (46.3%) ethnic groups. Pulmonary embolism was clinically suspected in 10 of 407 patients (2.5%) and objectively confirmed in two patients (0.5%). Conclusions: Venographically detected thrombosis is well recognized as an appropriate surrogate for symptomatic outcomes and is the basis for the recommendation for routine prophylaxis in Western patients. The high rate of venographic thrombosis in Asian patients is similar to that observed in patients in Western countries. Thrombosis prophylaxis should therefore be considered in Asian patients undergoing major orthopedic procedures.
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Pithaloka, Dyah, and Cutra Aslinda. "SELF-CONCEPT OF MINANGNESE STUDENTS IN PEKANBARU." Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/pjk.v13i2.1947.
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Pekanbaru is the capital city of Riau Province in Indonesia which is known for its progressive trading that made it into a multi-ethnic city. Accordingly, the most ethnic group in Pekanbaru city is the Minangkabau with 40.96% of the total population, followed by Malays who are the native of Riau province, then Javanese, Batak, and Chinese. There is an interesting phenomenon related to youth self-concept from Minangkabau (Minang) as the majority tribe who don’t acknowledge themselves as Minangnese when they interacting with their peers from across tribes. In that situation, they choose to call themselves “Orang Pekanbaru” which means people who originated from Pekanbaru city instead. The study conducted on Minangnese students from Riau Islamic University (UIR) who were born and residing in Pekanbaru. Using snowball sampling and interview techniques researchers analyze their self-concept and the factors that influence it. This study concludes that the student's self-concept dynamically changes throughout their development age. So, they see themselves Minangnese during their childhood era, then as they grow to teenage it turns into a negative feeling in the sense that he does not want to be considered a descendant of Minangnese, and later when they becoming a university student he starts to see himself as a Minangnese back with better perception. Some of the factors that influence them as teenagers are their view on the cultural gap among tribes in Pekanbaru, whereas the factors that make it changes again as students caused by the development of the mindsets.
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BURKE, PETER. "Introduction." European Review 14, no. 1 (January 3, 2006): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798706000081.
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A preoccupation with hybridity is natural in a period like ours marked by increasingly frequent and intense cultural encounters. Globalization encourages hybridization. However we react to it, the globalizing trend is impossible to miss, from curry and chips – recently voted the favourite dish in Britain – to Thai saunas, Zen Judaism, Nigerian Kung Fu or ‘Bollywood’ films. The process is particularly obvious in the domain of music, in the case of such hybrid forms and genres as jazz, reggae, salsa or, more recently, Afro-Celtic rock. New technology (including, appropriately enough, the ‘mixer’), has obviously facilitated this kind of hybridization.It is no wonder then that a group of theorists of hybridity have made their appearance, themselves often of double or mixed cultural identity. Homi Bhabha for instance, is an Indian who has taught in England and is now in the USA. Stuart Hall, who was born in Jamaica of mixed parentage, has lived most of his life in England and describes himself as ‘a mongrel culturally, the absolute cultural hybrid’. Ien Ang describes herself as ‘an ethnic Chinese, Indonesian-born and European-educated academic who now lives and works in Australia’. The late Edward Said was a Palestinian who grew up in Egypt, taught in the USA and described himself as ‘out of place’ wherever he was located.The work of these and other theorists has attracted growing interest in a number of disciplines, from anthropology to literature, from geography to art history, and from musicology to religious studies. In this issue, the contributions discuss Africa, Japan and the Americas as well as Europe and range from the 16th century to the 21st, from religion to architecture and from clothing to the cinema.
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Snopkowski, Kristin, Cristina Moya, and Rebecca Sear. "A test of the intergenerational conflict model in Indonesia shows no evidence of earlier menopause in female-dispersing groups." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1788 (August 7, 2014): 20140580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0580.
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Menopause remains an evolutionary puzzle, as humans are unique among primates in having a long post-fertile lifespan. One model proposes that intergenerational conflict in patrilocal populations favours female reproductive cessation. This model predicts that women should experience menopause earlier in groups with an evolutionary history of patrilocality compared with matrilocal groups. Using data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey, we test this model at multiple timescales: deep historical time, comparing age at menopause in ancestrally patrilocal Chinese Indonesians with ancestrally matrilocal Austronesian Indonesians; more recent historical time, comparing age at menopause in ethnic groups with differing postmarital residence within Indonesia and finally, analysing age at menopause at an individual-level, assuming a woman facultatively adjusts her age at menopause based on her postmarital residence. We find a significant effect only at the intermediate timescale where, contrary to predictions, ethnic groups with a history of multilocal postnuptial residence (where couples choose where to live) have the slowest progression to menopause, whereas matrilocal and patrilocal ethnic groups have similar progression rates. Multilocal residence may reduce intergenerational conflicts between women, thus influencing reproductive behaviour, but our results provide no support for the female-dispersal model of intergenerational conflict as an explanation of menopause.
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Bukhori, Baidi. "Educational Environment, Ethnocentrism, and Prejudice Towards Indonesian Chinese." ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal 32, no. 2 (January 25, 2017): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v32i2.589.
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Inter-ethnic prejudice is one of the problems faced by multi ethnic nations, including Indonesia. It does not only bring positive impacts in social interactions, but can also lead to social conflicts. To prevent the conflicts, an understanding of prejudice is required. So, the purposes of this study were: (1) To examine the effect of different educational environment on prejudice towards Chinese ethnic groups by controlling ethnocentrism; (2) To examine the influence of ethnocentrism on prejudice towards Chinese ethnic groups by controlling educational environments. Population in this study (N = 200) was non-Chinese students in Semarang. Sampling was done by applying a stratified sampling technique. Data were collected using the scales for both prejudice towards Chinese ethnic groups and ethnocentrism. Then, a statistical method using covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Results revealed a difference in prejudice towards Chinese ethnic groups between students who studied at a college having Chinese students and those at a college having no Chinese students by controlling ethnocentrism. Besides, there was a significant ethnocentric role in prejudice towards Chinese ethnic groups by controlling educational environments.
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Dieleman, Marleen. "Shock-imprinting: External shocks and ethnic Chinese business groups in Indonesia." Asia Pacific Journal of Management 27, no. 3 (June 30, 2009): 481–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10490-009-9154-3.
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Heidhues, Mary Somers. "Identity and the minority: Ethnic Chinese on the Indonesian periphery." Indonesia Circle. School of Oriental & African Studies. Newsletter 24, no. 70 (November 1996): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03062849608729877.
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Chin, James, and Taufiq Tanasaldy. "The Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia and Malaysia." Asian Survey 59, no. 6 (November 2019): 959–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2019.59.6.959.
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In the late twentieth century, the Chinese communities in Indonesia and Malaysia were politically repressed. But recent events have prompted optimism that the Chinese communities in both countries could move forward and claim their rightful place as equal citizens. But while the Indonesian Chinese community appears to have made some headway, the situation in Malaysia has not improved, and in some ways, it is worse. We argue that institutional frameworks and political Islam are the main threats to political rights for the Chinese communities in both countries and that there are lessons to be learned from these neighboring nations.
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Rafida, Tien. "Interpersonal Functions of Discourse Text in Chinese Ethnics, Medan, Indonesia." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (February 9, 2018): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v1i1.5.
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Chinese people as the focus of this research is a tribal group originated from China and settles in the city of Medan. Discourse text of Chinese young generation in Medan show unfamiliar theme as the most theme appeared in the clause. The appearance of familiar theme based on presence of modus, that is declarative modus, interrogative, and imperative, thus otherwise for unfamiliar theme. Therefore, using unfamiliar theme in discourse text of young generation give indication that young generation want the delivery of first message based on the important things and not based on standard structure of sentences, for example SPOK (subject, predicate, object, and adverb).
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Sutandio, Anton, and Sonny Angjaya. "THE CONCEPT OF CHINESE-INDONESIAN-NESS AS SEEN FROM ERNEST PRAKASA’S ROLES IN NGENEST, CEK TOKO SEBELAH, SUSAH SINYAL AND STIP & PENSIL." Capture : Jurnal Seni Media Rekam 11, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/capture.v11i1.2665.
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This article discusses four films entitled Ngenest (2015), Cek Toko Sebelah (2016), Susah Sinyal (2017), and Stip & Pensil (2017) in which Ernest Prakasa played a role, in the context of how the four films construct Chinese-Indonesian-ness. In the context of cinema, the appearance of Chinese-Indonesians on the screen during the New Order regime was scarce, and if there is any, the depiction was highly stereotyped. Only after Reform era in the late 1990s that Chinese-Indonesians and their culture began to re-appear on screen. Ernest Prakasa is one of few Chinese-Indonesians who publicly celebrates his Chinese-ness through entertainment platform. Ethnic identity theory applied on the discussion of the film cinematography and mise-en-scene to show what the films say about the concept of Chinese-Indonesian-ness. The findings show that Prakasa not only celebrates being a Chinese-Indonesian, but he also performs a self-mockery as Chinese-Indonesians by explicitly emphasizing the Chinese-Indonesians stereotypes. He also tries to re-establish inter-ethnic relationship and introduce contemporary Chinese-Indonesian-ness concept through his films.
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Smith, Philip. "Writing in the rain: Erasure, trauma, and Chinese Indonesian identity in the recent work of FX Harsono." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 46, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463414000642.
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This is an examination of the recent work of Indonesian visual artist FX Harsono in relation to Chinese Indonesian identity, the erasure of history, and the challenge of communicating through trauma. It is my hope that this work will contribute to the dialogue on both the Chinese Indonesian experience and large-scale ethnic violence.
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Wen, Yuhao. "Political Rise or Standstill: Chinese-Indonesian Oligarchs in the 2014 National Legislative Election." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 1, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v1i1.7.
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Stereotype and suspicion toward certain ethnic minorities of the country has never left Indonesia’s story of social diversity. Growing participation and greater representation of Chinese-Indonesians in national and local election have demonstrated an inspiring progress of the country’s ongoing democratization which encourages the recognition of minority’s ethnic identity in wider society. Based on this context, this paper aims to introduce the general performance of Chinese-Indonesian candidates in the legislative election at the state level since 1999, with a focus on analysing media tycoon Hary Tanoesoedibjo’s (or Hary Tano) experience in the 2014 election, in which he has been credited by political scientists and Chinese-Indonesian scholars for a certain degree of break-through in the Indonesian political landscape. Such story of success, however, does not necessarily indicate any trend that Chinese-Indonesian politicians in general have obtained the same degree of equality in politics as their indigenous counterparts. The tactic that Hary Tano has adopted is to expand his political clout through buying-off minor parties. Yet, in practice the underlying social norms of the status quo means that there is a long road ahead until Chinese-Indonesian oligarchs are taken seriously as political actors rather than used for short-term political gain.
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Paramita, Sinta, and Lydia Irena. "Retorika Digital dan Social Network Analysis Generasi Milenial Tionghoa melalui Youtube." Jurnal Komunikasi 12, no. 1 (July 29, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jk.v12i1.7558.
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The millennial generation of ethnic Chinese is a native digital generation that contributes to technological development. With strong skills and understanding in communicating creative messages through technology, the Chinese millennial generation also contributed to the development of Indonesia's digital culture. Technological developments have resulted in new jobs such as Youtube. Youtuber is someone who creates interesting audio-visual content so that the audience is interested and makes the content as entertainment or certain recommendations. By using the theory of rhetoric put forward by Aristotle, this study will look at the crowds of information flow in one content and see the strength of content as what was created to attract the attention of the audience. By using a quantitative approach through the Social Network Analysis (SNA) method. This study aims to describe the complexity of network communication in content and find out the digital rhetoric of the Chinese millennial generation that is currently developing in creating digital content. The results of the analysis show a high centralized value approaching 1, the results obtained in this study 0.052 indicate there is an account that dominates the information in the content. A density value of 0 indicates that there are no closely related accounts in the content. Reciprocity or reciprocal values 0 indicate that there is no two-way communication. The modularity or community values in the group 0.763 indicate that in the content there is a split network that cones to a certain account. The value of the diameter or the longest distance between network accounts reaches number 4, content with the power of deliberative rhetoric is proven to be able to attract the attention of the audience Generasi milenial etnis Tionghoa adalah generasi native digital yang turut berkontribusi pada perkembangan teknologi. Dengan kecakapan dan pemahaman yang kuat dalam mengkomunikasikan pesan-pesan kreatif melalui teknologi, generasi milenial Tionghoa pun berkontribusi pada pengembangan budaya digital Indonesia. Perkembangan teknologi telah menghasilkan pekerjaan baru salah satunya seperti Youtuber. Youtuber adalah seseorang yang menciptakan konten-konten audio visual yang menarik sehingga khalayak tertarik dan menjadikan konten tersebut sebagai hiburan atau rekomendasi tertentu. Dengan menggunakan teori retorika yang dikemukakan oleh Aristoteles, penelitian ini akan melihat keramaian arus informasi dalam satu konten dan melihat kekuatan konten seperti apa yang diciptakan untuk menarik perhatian khalayak. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui metode Social Netwok Analysis (SNA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan kompleksitas komunikasi jaringan dalam sebuah konten dan mengetahui retorika digital generasi milenial Tionghoa yang berkembang saat ini dalam membuat konten digital. Hasil analisis menunjukkan Nilai sentralisasi tinggi mendekati 1, hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini 0.052 menunjukkan terdapat akun yang mendominasi informasi dalam konten tersebut. Nilai density atau kepadatan 0 menunjukkan tidak ada akun yang terhubung secara erat dalam konten tersebut. Nilai reciprocity atau timbal balik 0 menunjukkan tidak ada yang menunjukkan komunikasi dua arah. Nilai modulitas atau komunitas di dalam kelompok 0.763 menunjukkan bahwa di dalam konten tersebut terjadi perpecahan jaringan yang mengerucut kepada akun akun tertentu. Nilai diameter atau jarak terpanjang antara akun jaringan mencapai angka 4, Konten dengan kekuatan retorika deliberative terbukti dapat menarik perhatian khalayak.
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Hamid, P. Nicholas. "Self-Monitoring and Ethnic Group Membership." Psychological Reports 72, no. 3_suppl (June 1993): 1347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.3c.1347.
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In support of theorising about differences in cultural conditioning with regards to self-presentation in social situations, the self-monitoring scores of 105 Chinese and 124 New Zealand students were compared. As predicted, Chinese reported significantly higher self-monitoring than New Zealanders and the effect was independent of sex and socioeconomic status.
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Sunuantari, Manik, Nurul Haniza, and Arry Rahayunianto. "Ethno Gastronomy Simbolic of Indonesian Ethnic Chinese Culture at Jakarta Old Town." Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v4i2.329.
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One of the ways to increase the country's foreign exchange earnings is encouraging tourism. As one of the countries that is rich in culinary taste of the archipelago, Indonesia has the potential to develop cultural gastronomy as one of the determining factors for tourists to choose tourist destinations. This study aims to determine the symbolic meaning of gastronomy in the culture of ethnic Chinese in Indonesia. The theory used in this study is the symbolic interactionism theory and cultural gastronomy. This study employs a case study method by selecting the Kota Tua (Old Town) area as the research site. Data were collected by means of observation and interviews with informants related to the purpose of the research. The conclusion shows that the Chinese gastronomic culture in Indonesia is the assimilation and acculturation of Chinese and Indonesian gastronomic culture. Thus, it presents culinary tastes that are different from the original, namely Ethno Gastronomy of Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia.
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Alfirdaus, Laila Kholid, Eric Hiariej, and Farsijana Adeney-Risakotta. "THE POSITION OF MINANG-CHINESE RELATIONSHIP IN THE HISTORY OF INTER-ETHNIC GROUPS RELATIONS IN PADANG, WEST SUMATRA." Jurnal Humaniora 28, no. 1 (June 4, 2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v28i1.11506.
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Generally studies on pribumi and Chinese relationship in Indonesia are dominated with conflict perspectives. In fact, in practice, the relationship between the two groups can be very dynamic. Amongst social tension arose between them, there are often stories about social harmony, social engagement and social cohesion. This is also what we found in the Minang-Chinese relationship in Padang, West Sumatra. The Minang-Chinese relationship in Padang, West Sumatra, in current period has been not only about social tension. In spite of the strong tension arose due to differences in ethnicity and religious belief, they are strongly tied in running local trading, political party, and other areas of public policy making. Competition in economy often stands together with cooperation. This similarly works in local politics, and, recently, community recovery post 2009-earthquake. Such dynamic relationships is inseparable from ethnic politics constructed throughout Padang history in the past. This paper sees that the relationships of Minang and Chinese are inseparable from the ethnic politics constructed throughout Padang history. This paper tries to portray briefly the journey of Minang and Chinese relationship in Padang and the politics that contextualizes the making of that relationship based on literature research and in-depth interviews. Despite its shortness, this paper is supposed to provide background information for those interested in discussing the issue of ethnicity in Padang and West Sumatra.
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Widowati, Elizabeth Hutami, Nurmadi Harsa Sumarta, and Noel Singgih Haryo Pradono. "Management Background, Intellectual Capital and the Financial Performance of Indonesian Banking." Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi 8, no. 2 (March 23, 2017): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jda.v8i2.9311.
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<p>This research aims to determine the effect of accounting education background, MBA education background, and the proportion of Chinese ethnic as well as intellectual capital measured by VAIC method on conventional banking financial performance in Indonesia. The population in this study is the entire conventional banking companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange that has been operating over the range of 2012-2015, so we get a sample totalling 29 companies. This research used Eviews 7 software to conduct panel data regression analysis. The results showed that accounting education background and Chinese ethnic are not significantly affecting financial performance. Meanwhile MBA education background and VAIC are significantly affecting financial performance (ROA).</p>