Journal articles: 'Indo-Aryan'

1

de Gila-Kochanowski, Vania. "Aryan and Indo-Aryan Migrations." Diogenes 38, no. 149 (March 1990): 122–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039219219003814907.

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Slade, Benjamin. "The diachrony of light and auxiliary verbs in Indo-Aryan." Diachronica 30, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 531–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.30.4.04sla.

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This study examines the historical development of light verbs in Indo-Aryan. I investigate the origins of the modern Indo-Aryan compound verb construction, and compare this construction with other light verb constructions in Indo-Aryan. Examination of the antecedents of the Indo-Aryan compound verb construction alongside other Indo-Aryan light verb constructions, combined with analysis of lexical and morphosyntactic differences between the compound verb systems of two Indo-Aryan languages (Hindi and Nepali), demonstrate that light verbs are not a stable or unchanging part of grammar, but rather undergo a variety of changes, including reanalysis as tense/aspect auxiliaries.

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3

McGregor, R. S., and Colin P. Masica. "The Indo-Aryan Languages." Journal of the American Oriental Society 113, no. 1 (January 1993): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/604235.

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Shapiro, Michael C., and Colin P. Masica. "The Indo-Aryan Languages." Language 69, no. 1 (March 1993): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416430.

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Raulwing, Peter. "Manfred Mayrhofer’s Studies on Indo-Aryan and the Indo-Aryans in the Ancient Near East: A Retrospective and Outlook on Future Research." Journal of Egyptian History 5, no. 1-2 (2012): 248–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187416612x632481.

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Abstract Around 100 years ago, the surprising discovery of linguistic traces of an older stage of the Vedic language in the ancient Near East caused an increasing amount of interest in various academic disciplines such as Indo-European linguistics, oriental studies (Assyriology), and Egyptology, among others. In default of a historical name, this language became known as “Indo-Aryan” in the ancient Near East over the course of the 20th century. Its relatively small text corpus, documented in cuneiform archives across the Eastern Mediterranean cultures, contains about two or three dozen termini technici; among them divine names, personal names, legal terms and—proportionally high in comparison to the overall number of the Indo-Aryan textual evidence—terms related to horses and chariots. The scholarly interest circled around linguistically possible Indo-Aryan influences on non-Indo-Aryan languages and cultures in the eastern Mediterranean, Mesopotamia, including Anatolia, and Egypt in the Second Intermediate Period and the New Kingdom; among them, the hypothesis of the introduction of horses and chariots into the ancient Near East. During the 1930s and 1940s political and ideological developments, especially in German-speaking countries, influenced perspectives and results of studies on Indo-Aryan in the ancient Near East by introducing non-linguistic approaches and methodologies. Manfred Mayrhofer has dedicated a significant part of his long and successful academic career to the linguistic and bibliographical research of Indo-Aryan and its reception in scholarly studies. This retrospective attempts to review specific aspects of Mayrhofer’s studies on Indo-Aryan and the Indo-Aryans in the ancient Near East and adjacent areas and to provide an outlook on further tasks and research deriving from his legacy.

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Reinöhl, Uta. "A single origin of Indo-European primary adpositions?" Diachronica 33, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 95–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.33.1.04rei.

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It has been widely assumed that the primary adpositions of modern Indo-European languages constitute a historically identical category, descending from the Proto-Indo-European ‘local particles’. I argue that this assumption needs to be revised, because a major branch of the language family, Indo-Aryan, possesses adpositions of unrelated origin. This is not only a question of different etyma, but the New Indo-Aryan adpositions descend from structurally different sources. The ancient local particles, as attested in early Indo-Aryan varieties, combine with local case forms and show a preference for the prenominal position. By contrast, the New Indo-Aryan adpositions descend from nominal and verbal forms heading genitives, and show a propensity for the postnominal slot. Thus, we are dealing with elements unrelated not only etymologically, but also with regard to their morphosyntactic distribution.

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7

Koh, Taejin. "Development of Ergativity in Hindi: Passive Origin." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i08.001.

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The diachronic analysis of ergativity in Indo-Aryan languages has been under a debate for a long period of time. The dispute is whether the ergativity exits in Indo-Aryan languages because of the historical change (passive origin) or is a matter of historical stability (already existed in the OIA). In this study, it is assumed that the passive construction historically gave rise to the ergative construction in Indo-Aryan languages. All Indo-Aryan elements of split ergativity arose as a result of a reanalysis of the –ta construction in Sanskrit as perfective aspect. This paper will demonstrate that how the markedness shift is allowed from the passive to the ergative in terms of syntactic structure.

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Renkovskaya, Evgeniya. "New Indo-Aryan associative plural markers derived from Old Indo-Aryan apara ‘other’ and their further grammaticalization." Lingua Posnaniensis 62, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2020-0011.

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Abstract The paper deals with associative plurals in New Indo-Aryan languages, which are derived from the Old Indo- Aryan apara ‘other’. These markers are found in a large number of NIA languages, but in many of these languages they underwent further grammaticalization into other grammatical units, such as honorific particle, standard plural marker, definiteness marker, marker of inalienable possession etc. Among the factors which underlie this grammatical development, contacts with non-Indo-Aryan languages play a significant role.

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Cathcart, Chundra A. "A probabilistic assessment of the Indo-Aryan Inner–Outer Hypothesis." Journal of Historical Linguistics 10, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 42–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.18038.cat.

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Abstract This paper uses a novel data-driven probabilistic approach to address the century-old Inner-Outer hypothesis of Indo-Aryan. I develop a Bayesian hierarchical mixed-membership model to assess the validity of this hypothesis using a large data set of automatically extracted sound changes operating between Old Indo-Aryan and Modern Indo-Aryan speech varieties. I employ different prior distributions in order to model sound change, one of which, the Logistic Normal distribution, has not received much attention in linguistics outside of Natural Language Processing, despite its many attractive features. I find evidence for cohesive dialect groups that have made their imprint on contemporary Indo-Aryan languages, and find that when a Logistic Normal prior is used, the distribution of dialect components across languages is largely compatible with a core-periphery pattern similar to that proposed under the Inner-Outer hypothesis.

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10

Peterson, John. "The Indo-Aryan Languages (review)." Language 82, no. 4 (2006): 891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0216.

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11

Stroński, Krzysztof, and Saartje Verbeke. "Shaping modern Indo-Aryan isoglosses." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 56, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 529–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2020-0017.

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AbstractSince the pioneering paper by Emenau (1956) there have been many attempts (cf. Masica 1976, 2001; Ebert 2001; among many others) to select areal features which are shared among languages spoken in South Asia. However, there has been little consent on the number of such features and the possible direction of their spread.In this paper we are focusing on two selected isoglosses, namely alignment and constituent order. Both of them have been used to define the Indo-Aryan linguistic area: alignment is one of the key elements to distinguish western from eastern Indo-Aryan (Peterson 2017) and word order is one of the innovations which differentiates some of the “Outer” languages from “Inner” Indo-Aryan languages (Zoller 2017: 15).This article focuses on two languages which are said to determine these isoglosses: Awadhi and Kashmiri. Our study of Awadhi shows that the isogloss delineating ergative or accusative case marking zones is situated in the area where the so-called Eastern Hindi dialects (among them Awadhi) are spoken. As we will demonstrate, this specific isogloss is substantially supported by diachronic evidence. The second language under consideration, namely Kashmiri, is an example of an “Outer” language with a quite stable V2 feature. Both Awadhi and Kashmiri are compared with Pahari, a language branch which functions as a link between the two of them. Our comparison of Kashmiri with certain Western Pahari Himachali languages shows that there is no clear borderline between two language groups supported by word order. We conclude from these case studies that the study of isoglosses is by definition a study of fluid boundaries, and qualitative, historical studies of one language can prove or disprove hypotheses based on synchronic similarities between languages.

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Eliasson, Pär, and Marc Tang. "The lexical and discourse functions of grammatical gender in Marathi." Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 5, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 131–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jsall-2018-0012.

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AbstractWe provide a functional analysis of the grammatical gender system of Marathi (Indo-Aryan) in Western India. The majority of the new Indo-Aryan languages typically classifies each noun of the lexicon according to biological gender as masculine and feminine. Only a few Indo-Aryan languages such as Marathi diverge in terms of agreement pattern by categorizing nouns as masculine, feminine, and neuter. Yet gender in Marathi has not been extensively described in terms of functions. We thus use apply functional typology to analyze grammatical gender in Marathi and provide detailed examples of its lexical and discourse functions.

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13

Mesthrie, Rajend. "A chain shift in Indo-Aryan, with special reference to Gujarati dialects." Language Dynamics and Change 12, no. 1 (December 10, 2021): 124–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-bja10016.

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Abstract This paper explores a possible chain shift in Gujarati dialects, involving the consonants k, kh, c, ch, s, ś, h, ḥ, V̤, and ∅ (where ś denotes IPA [ʃ], ḥ voiceless [h], V̤ a murmured vowel, and ∅ “zero”). The chain shift can be discerned by comparing the colloquial forms in the regional dialects with the standard Gujarati forms and those of Central Indo-Aryan languages like Hindi. This comparison yields the following correspondences, giving the standard and Central Indo-Aryan sounds first: k, kh = c, ch; c, ch = s or ś; s = ḥ; h = V̤ or ∅. The paper demonstrates that this set of correspondences between standard Gujarati and the dialects is a large one, and that it indeed suggests a chain shift, taken up differentially in the various dialects analyzed (Kathiawadi, Surti, Charotari, and Pattani). For the chain shift, the standard is firmly in the Central Indo-Aryan camp, while the dialects analyzed align more closely with Western Indo-Aryan.

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Poudel, Tikaram. "The Semantics of the Ergative in Nepali." Gipan 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gipan.v3i2.48900.

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The semantics of the ergative in Nepali, a modern Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal, Bhutan and in some states of India, differs from other New Indo-Aryan languages of the region. In the Western and Central New Indo-Aryan languages (e.g., Hindi-Urdu, Panjabi, etc.), aspectual split determines the ergative system (Beames 1872-79, Kellogg 1893, Hook 1992, Dixon 1994, Peterson 1998, Bynon 2005, Butt 2006). In these languages such as Hindi-Urdu, the (agentive) subject in the perfective transitive clauses gets ergative marking and the verb agrees with the object. However, Nepali defies these prevalent trends of ergative marking of New Indo-Aryan languages. In several contexts, the Nepali ergative is typologically unexpected, for example, arguments of participialized clauses or nominalizations. Unlike its sister languages, in some contexts, the subjects of transitive clauses in non-past tenses get ergative marking whereas, in some other contexts, they are marked with nominative case. This split ergative system in non-past tenses can be explained in terms of semantic notions of individual-level and stage-level predications.

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15

Šefčík, Ondřej. "The fourth makes it whole?" Indogermanische Forschungen 119, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2014-0020.

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Abstract The goal of the paper is to demonstrate that the ablaut system of Vedic is formed by four ablaut grades (full, lengthened, reduced and reduced lengthened). The model used is based on the two-dimensional vector model of the Old Indo-Aryan ablaut; this model is then confronted with data from Old Indo-Aryan.

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16

Kulikov, Leonid, and Nikolaos Lavidas. "Reconstructing passive and voice in Proto-Indo-European." Proto-Indo-European Syntax and its Development 3, no. 1 (August 2, 2013): 98–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.3.1.06kul.

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This article examines various aspects of the reconstruction of the passive in Proto-Indo-European (PIE), foremost on the basis of evidence from the Indo-Aryan (Early Vedic) and Greek branches. In Proto-Indo-European the fundamental distinction within the verbal system is between the active and middle, while specialized markers of the passive are lacking and the passive syntactic pattern is encoded with middle inflection. Apart from the suffix *-i̯(e/o)- (for which we cannot reconstruct a passive function in the proto-language) and several nominal derivatives, we do not find sufficient evidence for specialized passive morphology. The role of the middle (and stative) in the expression of the passive in ancient IE languages raises important theoretical questions and is a testing ground for the methods of syntactic reconstruction. We will examine the contrast between non-specialized and specialized markers of the passive in Early Vedic and Greek. Most Indo-European languages have abandoned the use of middle forms in passive patterns, while Greek is quite conservative and regularly uses middle forms as passives. In contrast, Indo-Aryan has chosen a different, anti-syncretic, strategy of encoding detransitivizing derivational morphology, though with the middle inflection consistently preserved in passive ya-presents. These two branches, Indo-Aryan and Greek, arguably instantiate two basic types of development: a syncretic type found in many Western branches, including Greek, and an anti-syncretic type attested in some Eastern branches, in particular in Indo-Aryan.

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Bez, Gitanjali. "The relator noun construction in Assamese." Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jsall-2020-2023.

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Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of relator noun constructions in Assamese, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the eastern part of India by a majority of people living in the state of Assam. The construction consists of a relator noun that functions as a head, and a genitive case marked noun that functions as a dependent. Semantically, most of the relator nouns encode spatial relation, such as place, path. However, some other relator nouns signal other relations, such as the ‘for’, ‘about’ etc. The occurrence of relator nouns is not an unusual phenomenon in Indo-Aryan languages. It has been analyzed as adpositions in many Indo-Aryan languages. However, I argue that the syntax of Assamese does not allow this analysis. It forms a distinct syntactic category, the behaviour of which is not similar to adpositions. Further, Assamese shares some close affinity regarding the relator noun construction with the neighbouring Tibeto-Burman languages such as Boro and Dimasa, rather than with the Indo-Aryan languages. Thus, this paper further investigates whether the resemblance occurs as a result of language contact or by accident.

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18

Cardona, George. "The Old Indo-Aryan Tense System." Journal of the American Oriental Society 122, no. 2 (April 2002): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3087616.

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(Ghosh), Sumana Mallick. "Early Indian Languages: An Evolution Perspective." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (August 5, 2018): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.2.1432.

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Sound, signs or signals, gestures, urge of transferring higher levels of thinking and feelings and also exchange of ideas were the beginning of the formulation of languages despite the controversies in the origin of languages through the Speculative Theory, Signaling Theory, Mother tongue Hypothesis and so on. Civilization and progress have paved the origin of languages for communication and vice versa. Whatever been the reason and whenever been the time of development of language in this subcontinent or in the Earth, India always possesses a rich linguistic heritage. The Proto-Indo-Aryan language is the prime language of India followed by Old Indo-Aryan covering Vedic-Sanskrit, Classical-Sanskrit; Middle Indo-Aryans of Prakrit, Pali and Modern Indo-Aryan language. This analysis is an attempt to point out the origin of Vedic, Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali and Dravidian languages and also these roles in the formulation of other languages and enrichment of in this subcontinent.

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Dhakal, Dubi Nanda. "Exploring the Parameters of Verb Agreement in Majhi." Gipan 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gipan.v3i2.48896.

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This paper discusses a number of parameters which trigger verb agreement in Majhi, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal. Like some Indo-Aryan neighbours, Majhi takes account of ranges of facts in the verb agreement. The verb is not only marked for agreement with one nominal phrase in a clause, but also encodes inflectional features of both subject and object simultaneously in transitive and ditransitive verbs by employing portmanteau suffixes. The features that control the agreement include person, number, honorificity, gender, and case roles of nouns.

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Mukhidinov, Saydali. "Ancestral Home of Indo-Aryan Peoples and Migration of Iranian Tribes to Southeastern Europe." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001237.

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The article attempts to clarify and analyze the opinions, hypotheses, ideas and assumptions of scientists studying the issues of ancestral home of the Indo-Aryan peoples from the historical, archaeological and linguistic points of view. The Eastern European localization of the ancestral home of the Indo-Aryan peoples in Southeastern Europe and their migration is considered in the article. The territory of Central Asia was occupied by the Iranian nationalities in the beginning of the historical period (VII-VI centuries BC): Bactrians, Sogdians, Khorezmians, Parthians, Saka tribes. The analysis of relict phenomena in the languages and culture of modern population of Central Asia, in particular the population of the Pamirs, shows the presence of an ancient Indo-Aryan layer. In this case, a specific convergence is identified, which is precisely oriented on the ancient Indian tradition. At the same time, even more ancient traces associated with the pre-Indo-Iranian population of Central Asia are revealed. The substrate layer played a huge role in the genesis of the culture, ideology and ethnos of the most ancient Iranian-speaking population of Central Asia. It had a huge impact on the establishment of its social and economic basis.

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Renkovskaya, E. A. "Inanimate demonstrative pronouns in Kullui (Indo-Aryan)." Acta Linguistica Petropolitana XVII, no. 1 (2021): 441–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/alp23065737171441457.

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23

Phillips, Maxwell. "Ergative case attrition in Central Indo-Aryan." Studies in Language 37, no. 1 (June 7, 2013): 196–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.37.1.05phi.

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Differential case marking is often determined on the basis of inherent semantic properties associated with core arguments of the verb. This frequently results in a hierarchical split in which certain types of NPs are more or less likely to be case marked when in the role of agent/patient. The Referential Hierarchy (RH) (see Silverstein 1976; Comrie 1981) models this phenomenon in terms of the markedness of agent vs. patient roles, based on the semantic parameters of animacy/definiteness. Yet recent studies have raised doubts as to the constistency of the RH in predicting split-ergative marking (e.g. Filimonova 2005; Bickel 2008). This paper explores an Indo-Aryan dialect with an NP-split in ergative marking that appears to contradict the RH: Kherwada Wagdi. It examines the possible historical scenarios that could result in a reverse NP-split, suggesting that such historical transitions tend to follow a non-linear course and are frequently left incomplete.

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Schiffman, Harold F. ": The Indo-Aryan Languages . Colin P. Masica." American Anthropologist 94, no. 4 (December 1992): 1017–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1992.94.4.02a00990.

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Whaley, Mark. "A middle Indo-Aryan inscription from China." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 62, no. 4 (December 2009): 413–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aorient.62.2009.4.5.

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26

Levman, Bryan. "The language of early Buddhism." Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jsall-2016-0001.

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Stsiban, Oleksandr. "The First Indo-Aryan Readings “Modern Indo-Aryan Studies in the Eastern European Ethnic History Research” Took Place." Ukrainian Studies, no. 3(76) (November 3, 2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.3(76).2020.214887.

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Uzum, Melike, Nurettin Demir, and Metin Bagriacik. "Recycling a Mixed Language: Posha in Turkey." Languages 8, no. 1 (February 9, 2023): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8010052.

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We provide a sketch grammar of a new bilingual mixed language based on data gathered through interaction with its last native speakers. The language, which we call Posha of Çankırı, is spoken in central Turkey. The source languages are Turkish and Lomavren, another bilingual mixed language for which the source languages are Armenian and some Central Indo-Aryan varieties. In Posha of Çankırı, the mixing happens in the nominal morphology and in the lexicon while the verbal roots and verbal morphology are entirely from the ancestral language, Lomavren, albeit with certain minor changes. The Indo-Aryan layer of vocabulary is rather thin and the Indo-Aryan retentions in grammar can only be speculated. We show that the emergence of Posha of Çankırı has been initiated by language shift, but that its ultimate defining characteristic is L2 insertions into (some distorted version of) the L1. The study contributes to the documentation of lesser known new varieties and touches upon topics such as the mechanism involved in the emergence of bilingual mixed languages.

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Laruelle, Marlène. "Mythe aryen et référent linguistique indo-européen dans la Russie du XIXe siècle." Historiographia Linguistica 32, no. 1-2 (June 8, 2005): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.32.2.04lar.

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Summary Like the other European countries, Russia of the 19th century experienced much of the same scholarly discourse concerning the Aryan idea. The Russian Aryan myth distinguishes itself from the German and French versions by the absence of racialism and its Orthodox anchoring, this way offering the possibility of a certain ‘decentralization’ in the face of the Western experience of Aryanism. This difference often permits Slavophile intellectual circles at the periphery of the classic university life to develop a genealogical discourse concerning nationhood and the legitimization of the imperial expansion of Russia in Asia and the Far East. As a result, the Aryan reference blossomed in the historical and archaeological arguments for the justification of the supposed national continuity and statehood between the ancient Scythian world and contemporary Russia. The proximity between the Slavic and the Indo-Iranian languages, of the Oriental branch of the Indo-European family, would naturally constitute, for the Slavophiles, a scientific argument in favour of the Aryan assertion of Russia : the competition between the Germanic peoples and the Slaves for the most ancient antiquity is then transposed into the notion of language.

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Faquire, Razaul Karim. "Language contact across ethnic boundaries." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 32, no. 1 (August 4, 2022): 172–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.00089.faq.

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Abstract Throughout antiquity, the Chittagong Hill Tract was a sparsely populated region. This population increased with the immigration of different speech communities, thus changing its linguistic mosaic, and creating conditions for language contact between vernacular Bangla and between its ancestral Indo-Aryan variety Pali, the superstrate, and the Tibeto-Burman variety, the substratum. In the changing language contact situation, language contact involved various phenomena, such as language maintenance, the creation of new contact languages, i.e. pidgins and creoles as well as the acquisition and integration into a dominant L2. Through this language contact, the processes of language contact have had particular linguistic, social, and political outcomes that have shaped the region. The linguistic outcomes include lexical borrowing, calquing, and structural convergence, as well as the creation of a new contact language combining both the Indo-Aryan vernacular and Tibeto-Burman vernacular. This paper discusses these outcomes, and describes that changes in the social and political makeup of the region have ultimately led to language change. The study argues that linguistic change appears at present in several ways: The lexical makeup, phraseology and syntactic structure of Indo-Aryan varieties spoken by the Tibeto-Burman speech communities; pidgins including Chakma and Tanchangya which have emerged from contact between the Indo-Aryan variety and the Arakanese vernacular; a Tibeto-Burman pidgin which has emerged from contact between the superstrata Marma and the substrates Chak, Khumi, and Kheyang, which are spoken by the Marma, Chak, Khumi, and Kheyang ethnicities. Ultimately, the study presents that these social and linguistic outcomes have manifested themselves in the form of bilingualism and so code-mixing, and where the political outcomes of language contact have forged the political makeup of the Chittagong Hill Tract to bring the region to become one part of the larger political superstructure of Bangladesh.

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Bender, Ernest, R. L. Turner, and J. C. Wright. "A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages." Journal of the American Oriental Society 105, no. 4 (October 1985): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/602816.

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32

Ohala, Manjari. "Phonological areal features of some Indo-Aryan languages." Language Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 1991): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0388-0001(91)90009-p.

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Liljegren, Henrik, and Erik Svärd. "Bisyndetic Contrast Marking in the Hindukush: Additional Evidence of a Historical Contact Zone." Journal of Language Contact 10, no. 3 (September 7, 2017): 450–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01002010.

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A contrastive (or antithetical) construction which makes simultaneous use of two separate particles is identified through a mainly corpus-based study as a typical feature of a number of lesser-described languages spoken in the Afghanistan-Pakistan borderland in the high Hindukush. The feature encompasses Nuristani languages (Waigali, Kati) as well as the Indo-Aryan languages found in their close vicinity (Palula, Kalasha, Dameli, Gawri), while it is not shared by more closely related Indo-Aryan languages spoken outside of this geographically delimited area. Due to a striking (although not complete) overlap with at least two other (unrelated) structural features, pronominal kinship suffixes and retroflex vowels, we suggest that a linguistic and cultural diffusion zone of considerable age is centred in the mountainous Nuristan-Kunar-Panjkora area.

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34

Renkovskaya, Evgeniya. "Descendants of Old Indo-Aryan apara ‘other’ as associative plural markers in the New Indo-Aryan languages: Distribution and grammatical development." Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 2 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2021.2.81-97.

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35

Suzuki, Yasuko. "The Development of Labial Clusters in the Aśokan Rock Edicts." Studia Orientalia Electronica 9, no. 1 (December 19, 2021): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.91999.

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The original range of consonant clusters in Indo-Aryan reduced significantly over time, developing into geminates, homorganic nasal-stop clusters, and sonorant-h clusters in Middle Indo-Aryan. Early Middle Indo-Aryan, as represented in the Aśokan inscriptions, however, still maintained the original clusters, or what appear to be transitional stages of the extensive changes. Salient among those cluster changes that are observed in the Aśokan inscriptions are the changes tm, tv> tp and dv > db in Girnār in the west; sm, sv > sp in Shāhbāzgaṛhī and Mānsehrā in the north-west; and mh > mbh in Kālsī in the north and in Dhaulī and Jaugaḍa in the east. The idiosyncratic nature of these changes lies in the development of a stop from m or v, where the more usual changes would be loss or assimilation of m after a stop and of v after a stop or a sibilant, while sm and hm would normally change to mh. This paper examines the manner assimilation of the “labial” clusters (that is, the clusters with m or v that normally do not incur assimilation of the adjacent consonant) in the Aśokan Rock Edicts. It discusses the conditions, the motivation, the course of the change of m/v to a labial stop, and the dialectal differences associated with this change.

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Guseynov, G., and A. Mugumova. "Indo-Aryan migrations and the problem of localization of the Indo-European homeland." Indo-European linguistics and classical philology XXII (June 7, 2018): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/ielcp230690152232.

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Clayton, John. "Labiovelar loss and the rounding of syllabic liquids in Indo-Iranian." Indo-European Linguistics 10, no. 1 (December 14, 2022): 33–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-bja10021.

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Abstract This paper analyzes and supports the claim that Vedic Sanskrit preserves traces of the contrast between the Indo-European labiovelars and plain velars—a striking archaism in the Indo-Iranian family, which otherwise collapsed the two velar series. These labiovelar vestiges emerge because of the pervasive labialization of syllabic and consonantal rhotics at all attested stages of the Indo-Iranian family. Two rhotic labialization environments are examined in Indo-Aryan and Iranian: after labial(ized) consonants or before syllables containing u or w. Furthermore, this paper explains the unexpected development of bimoraic Proto-Indo-European *ḶμHμ.C to trimoraic Vedic Ūμμrμ.C by examining the phonetic characteristics of the labializable Indo-Iranian rhotics.

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Ivankovic Vrsac, Milorad sin Nade Tesla, and Serbia. "THE ETRUSCANS AN EXTINCT INDO-ARYAN CIVILIZATIONOF ANCIENT EUROPE." International Journal of Research in Education and Psychology 08, no. 01 (2022): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54513/ijrep.2022.8105.

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Who were the mysterious Ancient Apennine tribe called Etruscans and what was the language they actually used to speak? Despite numerous attempts at decipherment and some claims of success, the Etruscan records still defy translation. Paradoxically, though the Etruscan letters derived from Euboean Greek alphabet are well known and easily readable, the Etruscan language itself still remains an enigma and is only partly understood. There is no literature in Etruscan left behind, but rather several thousand inscriptions, mostly of religious significance, engraved on sarcophagi and cremation urns. The present paper following the authentic Etruscan emphasis on the importance of the religious content of the inscriptions, coupled with the latest genetic studies of the Etruscan population, attempts at decoding anew the real origins of the ancient Etruscan people in the Apennine peninsula.

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Rocher, Ludo, and Andries Breunis. "The Nominal Sentence in Sanskrit and Middle Indo-Aryan." Journal of the American Oriental Society 116, no. 2 (April 1996): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605765.

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Kogan, Anton I. "Genealogical classification of New Indo-Aryan languages and lexicostatistics." Journal of Language Relationship 14, no. 3-4 (February 1, 2017): 227–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2017-143-411.

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Caldwell, P. C. "Aryan Idols: Indo-European Mythology as Ideology and Science." German History 25, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 441–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02663554070250030804.

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Bruening, Benjamin, and Vit Bubenik. "A Historical Syntax of Late Middle Indo-Aryan (Apabhramsa)." Language 76, no. 1 (March 2000): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417458.

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Nandi. "Controversy over Indo-European/Aryan: Race Science versus Philology." Current Anthropology 41, no. 3 (2000): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3596501.

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Hall, T. A. "The historical development of retroflex consonants in Indo-Aryan." Lingua 102, no. 4 (August 1997): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(96)00050-2.

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Bickel, Balthasar, and Yogendra P. Yādava. "A fresh look at grammatical relations in Indo-Aryan." Lingua 110, no. 5 (May 2000): 343–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(99)00048-0.

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Beníšek, Michael. "Middle Indo-Aryan Ablative and Locative Markers in Romani." Indo-Iranian Journal 52, no. 4 (2009): 335–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/001972409x445951.

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AbstractThe paper inquires into the origin of Romani ablative and locative markers against the background of the Middle Indo-Aryan development. It shows that there are no overt reflexes of the old thematic locative ending -e in Romani, although several zero-marked adpositions and adverbs are reflexes of the forms in -e. The paper argues for the origin of Romani -e in the late MIA locative -ahim, and of Romani -al in the Śaurasenī ablative -ādo. A degree of adverbial productivity of both suffixes is also dealt with. Then the paper analyses the nominal locative and ablative markers -te and -tar respectively, which derive from postpositions. The initial consonant of both suffixes is proposed to reflect their common ancestor in the pronominal base t-, whereas the final segments -e and -ar are argued to be remnants of inflectional affixes related to -e and -al respectively.

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Mehta, Parth, and Prasenjit Majumder. "Large Scale Quantitative Analysis of three Indo-Aryan Languages." Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2015.1071151.

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Stroński, Krzysztof. "Evolution of Stative Participles in Pahari." Lingua Posnaniensis 55, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2013-0019.

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Abstract The point of departure for the present paper is the status of the bare participial form as inherited from MIA (Middle Indo-Aryan) by early NIA (New Indo-Aryan) with its stative force. It is a very well known phenomenon in the contemporary IA languages that the past participle can be extended by a past participle form based of the verb to be (e.g. MSH - Modern Standard Hindi - huā). It is also noticeable that not all NIA languages allow such extension and that several languages developed further, and reinterpreted the extended forms. The aim of the present paper will be to demonstrate how the stative participles developed in two branches of IA, namely Eastern and Western Pahari.1 The data for this preliminary research has been excerpted from Western Pahari inscriptions (Chhabra 1957), Eastern Pahari inscriptions (Pokharel 1974; Cauhān 2008; Joshi 2009), reference grammars and folk texts

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Alam Monisha, Syeda Tamanna, and Sadia Sultana. "A Review of the Advancement in Speech Emotion Recognition for Indo-Aryan and Dravidian Languages." Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2022 (December 1, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9602429.

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Speech emotion recognition (SER) has grown to be one of the most trending research topics in computational linguistics in the last two decades. Speech being the primary communication medium, understanding the emotional state of humans from speech and responding accordingly have made the speech emotion recognition system an essential part of the human-computer interaction (HCI) field. Although there are a few review works carried out for SER, none of them discusses the development of SER system for the Indo-Aryan or Dravidian language families. This paper focuses on some studies carried out for the development of an automatic SER system for Indo-Aryan and Dravidian languages. Besides, it presents a brief study of the prominent databases available for SER experiments. Some remarkable research works on the identification of emotion from the speech signal in the last two decades have also been discussed in this paper.

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DWIVEDI, Amitabh Vikram. "Bhadarwahi: A Typological Sketch." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.5.1.125-148.

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This paper is a summary of some phonological and morphosyntactice features of the Bhadarwahi language of Indo-Aryan family. Bhadarwahi is a lesser known and less documented language spoken in district of Doda of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir State in India. Typologically it is a subject dominant language with an SOV word order (SV if without object) and its verb agrees with a noun phrase which is not followed by an overt post-position. These noun phrases can move freely in the sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence. The indirect object generally precedes the direct object. Aspiration, like any other Indo-Aryan languages, is a prominent feature of Bhadarwahi. Nasalization is a distinctive feature, and vowel and consonant contrasts are commonly observed. Infinitive and participle forms are formed by suffixation while infixation is also found in causative formation. Tense is carried by auxiliary and aspect and mood is marked by the main verb.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Indo-Aryan'

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