Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Individualisme – Psychologie'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Individualisme – Psychologie.

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Individualisme – Psychologie.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Yasin, Hina Mahboob. "Employee behavior as an image of CSR : analysing through the lens of individualism - collectivism." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1085.

Full text
Abstract:
Durant des siècles, la religion a été considérée comme une entité extrêmement influente. Lentement et progressivement, les gouvernements ont pris la relève et gagné en puissance. De nos jours, quelques grandes entreprises prennent le relais (Cohen, 1988). Cependant, la recherche montre que les entreprises qui ne gèrent pas leur pouvoir de manière socialement responsable sont sanctionnées par la société (Davis, 1973). Pour cette raison, les PDG sont amenés à faire un usage intelligent et productif de leurs ressources, par le biais de la responsabilité sociale. La RSE est un phénomène important par le moyen duquel les employés acquièrent, par identification à l'entreprise, une identité sociale. Cette identification génère elle-même des comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle (OCB). Il est nécessaire de procéder à une étude approfondie de ces comportements influencés par la RSE, en tenant compte de l'approche psychologique individualiste ou collectiviste de l'employé. Nous présentons ici un modèle optimal, testé empiriquement. Les résultats de cette recherche suggèrent aux entreprises d'utiliser intelligemment leurs activités opérationnelles pour répondre à un large éventail de besoins
Ages ago, religion was an entity which was deemed as influentially powerful. Slowly and gradually, governments became the entities even with greater power to influence the circumstances. And now, some big corporations have taken over that power (Cohen, 1988) . Nevertheless, when power comes, along lingers responsibility. Research shows that businesses which do not handle their power in socially responsible manner, the society deprives it of that power (Davis, 1973). For this reason, CEO's now make intelligent use of their resources in order to be productive as well as socially responsible, in short they exhibit Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). CSR is such a powerful phenomenon which enables an employee to derive his/her social identity by identifying with the firm. Employees view their self as a depiction of their firm, when their firm behaves in a socially responsible manner. This resulting identification tends to generate organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). A need resides to conduct an deep study of employee behavior influenced by CSR while considering the individualist or collectivist psychological approach of the employee. This research plays its role in configuring the resulting behavioral patterns generated from the considerate behavior of the firm. We bring forward an optimal model, which is empirically tested. The findings support this research suggesting firms to cleverly utilize its operational activities to meet a broader range of needs
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Boundat, Boundat. "L'individualisme : une approche psychosociale des dynamiques représentationnelles et identitaires chez les étudiants et les jeunes diplômés gabonais." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0024.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Moriaux, Lysiane. "La sensibilite reactive de l'individualiste : une sensibilite reactive qui se determine par reaction contre la realite sociale." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN1314.

Full text
Abstract:
De nombreux ouvrages ont porte sur l'individualisme. Cependant << l'individualisme palantien >> que je definis ici, de facon volontairement contra♭ dictoire comme un << individualisme altruiste >>, se marginalise des essais qui ont ete realise sur ce sujet. << l'individualisme palantien >> ne decrit pas un individu narcissique, he♭ doniste, replie sur sa sphere privee qui se complait dans un vide moralet ideolo♭ gique. Il ne decrit pas non plus un individu citoyen, qui se serait libere en partie de ses contraintes pour prendre en charge sa destinee et nous inviter a un enga♭ gement militant dans la societe. Cette these veut montrer qu'il existe un individualisme d'un autre type : << l'individualisme altruiste >>. Il decrit un individu libertaire, altruiste, reactif toujours pret a s'indigner contre ce que la realite sociale a pour lui d'injuste. En << eveilleur des consciences >>, il n'a qu'un seul but, reveler leur identite singu♭ liere aux individus qu'il choisit selon le critere des << affinites electives >>.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ballé, Michael. "Les modèles mentaux : étude du raisonnement en situation." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040215.

Full text
Abstract:
Comment expliquer que l'être humain soit plutôt, mais pas toujours, rationnel ? Si les individus comprennent et énoncent les règles et principes de la logique, ils semblent les délaisser en situation en faveur de raisonnements plus " intuitifs ". Cette étude des raisonnements en situation met en évidence la dimension collective et interactive du raisonnement. Elle montre que les individus raisonnent grâce à des représentations symboliques, des "modèles mentaux", des situations qu'ils élaborent en interaction avec d'autres personnes et avec la matérialité du contexte. Ces modèles mentaux sont des regroupements d'images et de propositions qui évoluent vers de véritables raisonnements par un jeu de critique rationnelle et de contre-propositions dans un cadre argumentaire. Toutefois, ce jeu de critique et justification peut prendre une dimension de "preuve sociale" lorsqu'un groupe impose ses propositions comme conditions mêmes du débat. L'individu fait alors, selon le contexte, le choix de se ranger à l'opinion du groupe, ou de maintenir ses positions. Le raisonnement se déroule ainsi de manière située et dépend du contexte social et matériel des circonstances. Dans certains contextes, les formes des raisonnements sont produites par l'utilisation de protocoles de pensée - opérations méthodiques qui garantissent la structure logique du raisonnement - telles les règles de la logique formelle. Cette étude présente le raisonnement comme une forme d'interaction structurée entre l'individu et son contexte social et matériel selon un principe de cohérence. Le raisonnement ne peut être considéré comme acquis mais a un cout cognitif et social qui explique que la réflexion individuelle suit le plus souvent la "loi du moindre effort mental". L'approche des modèles mentaux permet ainsi d'expliciter des comportements sociaux qui s'écartent d'une pure logique économique tout en proposant une modélisation des psychologies individuelles.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Loose, Florence. "L'individualisme, une norme sociale ? : une approche expérimentale." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20019.

Full text
Abstract:
Cette thèse a pour objectif d'examiner si l'individualisme répond, dans notre société, aux principales caractéristiques d'une norme sociale : la transmission sociale, la désirablité sociale et l'utilité sociale. 5 recherches ont été menées dans cette optique, précédées d'un premier travail consacré à la construction et à la validation du matériel expérimental : un questionnaire d'individualisme. L'étude 1 a montré que l'individualisme ferait bien l'objet d'une acquisition sociale, transitant par le biais des systèmes socio-éducatifs, puisque le changement de dispositif éducatif (entrée en 6e, en IUFM) favorise une baisse de l'individualisme. L'étude 2 a mis en évidence qu'un niveau modéré d'individualisme paraît être assez socialement désirable ; tandis qu'un niveau plus élevé est cette fois-ci estimé comme étant indésirable. L'étude 3 a révélé des variations en fonction du contexte social sur la valorisation de l'expression de l'individualisme ; d'une manière générale, les parents apprécient sa manifestation chez leurs enfants, tandis que les enseignants la déprécient chez leurs élèves. Les études 4A et 4B ont dévoilé que ce serait un niveau moyen d'individualisme qui aurait le plus d'utilité sociale, puisqu'une personne modérement individualiste est jugée comme devant mieux réussir que celle exhibant un faible et un fort niveau d'individualisme. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent plus précisement que l'individualisme engloberait des composantes très contrastées du point de vue normatif : certaines auraient en effet toutes les caractéristques d'une norme sociale (E. G. , la différenciation sociale), tandis que d'autres seraient clairement contre-normatives (E. G. , l'indépendance émotionnelle). Enfin, l'individualisme incluerait d'autres dimensions encore dont la normativité varierait beaucoup plus fortement en fonction du contexte social (E. G, l'autonomie et la réalisation de soi)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Maisonneuve, Christelle. "Allocentrisme et idiocentrisme, une perspective différencialiste vers une perspective psychosociale : une approche empirique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20001.

Full text
Abstract:
Notre objectif est de confronter une perspective différentielle à une perspective psychosociale. C'est de l'intérêt pour la psychologie culturelle comparative qu'a émergé un tel questionnement. Le constat auquel l'examen de cette littérature permet d'aboutir est que les auteurs concluent plus souvent à des différences qu'à des similitudes (Ongel et Smith, 1994) entre cultures. L'ethnocentrisme, inhérent à ces recherche, est souvent évoqué comme la cause principale de l'échec à identifier les universaux du fonctionnement humain (Jahoda, 1979, Malpass, 1988). Dans ce travail, nous défendons que c'est aussi parce qu'elle néglige le facteur social comme potentiellement explicatif, que la CCP constate des différences. Nous avons appuyé notre argument sur de récentes recherches, mettant en évidence que considérer l'individualisme et le collectivisme, au niveau culturel (Sinha et Tripathi, 1994), ou l'allocentrisme et l'idiocentrisme, au niveau individuel (Sengelis, 1994), comme potentiellement coexistants, suggère de ne pas négliger le facteur social comme explicatif. En effet, considérer que les 2 traits de personnalité (allocentrisme et idiocentrisme) coexistent au sein de tous les individus implique les comportements qui sont associés à chacun d'eux, peuvent s'exprimer au sein de tous les individus, selon les situations et les contextes sociaux. Dans la 2e partie, nous avons repris l'expérience de Tesser et Smith (1980). Notre but était de montrer que, dans un contexte culturel maintenu constant, des différences interindividuelles subsistaient. Ensuite notre objectif était de savoir si les différences observées pouvaient être expliquées uniquement par les dispositions ou si le contexte social contribuait aussi à expliquer une part de variance observée. Sur les 5 études effectuées, certines permettent de conclure en faveur d'une hypothèse bidimensionnelle, qui implique une perspective explicative -essentiellement psychosociale. Cependant, d'autres abondent dans le sens d'une perspective différentielle. Nos résultats s'ils ne permettent pas de proposer une conclusion radicale en faveur de l'une ou l'autre des 2 perspectives, suggèrent la nécessité d'une étude globale et non dichotomique des individus et des cultures
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Wagner, Anne-Lorraine. "Contribution au modèle d'acculturation interactif : encourager l'individualisme pour lutter contre les discriminations." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ006L/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Les contacts intergroupes, en général, et interculturels, en particulier, s’opèrent rarement sans heurts. Le Modèle d’Acculturation Interactif (Bourhis, Moïse, Perreault & Senecal, 1997) se situe au carrefour de la psychologie de l’acculturation et de la psychologie sociale, en ce sens qu’il intègre pleinement la question des relations intergroupes entre la majorité d’accueil d’un pays d’immigration et les minorités qui s’y installent. C’est pourquoi nous nous sommes basés sur les orientations d’acculturation qu’il décrit pour montrer, au travers de trois études, que certaines d’entre elles prédisposent le groupe majoritaire à exprimer des intentions de comportements discriminants versus non discriminants à l’égard de membres d’un exogroupe culturel, ethnique ou racial. Nous avons qualifié ces intentions de comportements de propension à discriminer du groupe majoritaire. Privilégier l’homogénéité des groupes (assimilation, ségrégation et exclusion) conduit, d’une manière générale, à une plus forte propension à discriminer que le fait d’accepter ou d’approuver des situations d’hétérogénéité culturelle (intégration de transformation, intégration, individualisme). Nous avons néanmoins observé une exception dans le cas de l’orientation intégrationniste, dans la mesure où si les individus qui endossent cette orientation rejettent massivement les comportements discriminants explicitement hostiles, ils tendent à faire preuve de « discrimination bienveillante » (Fehr & Sassenberg, 2009). Les études 2 et 3 se sont déroulées en plusieurs temps, ce qui a permis d’appréhender la progression des attitudes et de la propension à discriminer de professionnels de l’insertion, d’étudiants et de futurs cadres de la fonction publique à l’issue de formations visant à prévenir et lutter contre les discriminations. Ce sont surtout ces intentions de comportements discriminants « bienveillants » qui sont sujettes à évolution. L’ensemble des résultats invite à considérer la mise en place de formations qui travailleraient sur la décatégorisation (Brewer & Miller, 1984) et encourageraient par conséquent à l’individualisme dans certaines circonstances, notamment professionnelles et/ou organisationnelles. Enfin, il conviendrait d’examiner, plus généralement, l’impact des politiques assimilationnistes sur l’efficacité des dispositifs de lutte contre les discriminations mis en œuvre, par ailleurs, au niveau étatique
Intergroup contacts in general, and intercultural relationships in particular, rarely take place without conflicts. The Interactive Acculturation Model (Bourhis, Moïses, Perreault & Senecal, 1997) is at the crossroads between the psychology of acculturation and social psychology. Indeed, the question of intergroup relations between majority and minority members is completely integrated in the IAM. That is why we focused on acculturation orientations the model describes to show, through three studies, which one predisposes the majority group to express discriminating behaviours versus non discriminating behaviours towards the members of a cultural, ethnic or racial out-group. We called these intentions "propensity to discriminate". People who favour the homogeneity of groups (assimilation, segregation and exclusion) generally tend to be more discriminating than those who accept or approve of situations of cultural heterogeneity (integration of transformation, integration, individualism). Nevertheless, we observed an exception in the case of integrationist orientation. Integrationists massively reject explicitly hostile discrimination but tend to show "benevolent discrimination" (Fehr & Sassenberg, 2009). Studies 2 and 3 took place in a context of test/re-test, wich allowed us to measure the evolution of attitudes and the propensity to discriminate of insertion professionals, students and future state employees. The evolution was measured after several trainings which aimed at warning and fighting against discriminations. The "benevolent" discriminating behaviour intentions were particulary subject to evolution. All these results are in favour of implementing trainings on the decategorization process (Brewer and Miller, on 1984) which would consequently encourage individualism in certain circumstances, notably professional and/or organisational. The results might be enlarged studying the impact of the assimilationists policies on the efficiency of the state plans against discriminations
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Mahieu, Pierre. "Les équipes d'enseignants : obstacles et résistances à leur création et leur fonctionnement." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100037.

Full text
Abstract:
Les équipes d'enseignants - la création et le fonctionnement des équipes d'enseignants se heurtent souvent à des obstacles absorbant une part importante d'énergie. Outre l'existence de structures institutionnelles relativement figées, les problèmes rencontrés ont pour origine: l'individualisme et une méconnaissance des diverses réalités groupales. L'individualisme, reflet d'un environnement historique et culturel, constitue un obstacle important, il est renforcé par le statut particulier de l'enseignant. La "personnalité de base" ou "personnalité professionnelle" de l'enseignant se caractérise par une forte imprégnation narcissique de son "tissu psychique". Les bouleversements de la société, entrainant la disparition de certaines valeurs, réactivant et intensifiant les mécanismes de défense propres à tout individu. La représentation du travail d'équipe implique, pour beaucoup, l'existence de liens affinitaires plus ou moins forts. L'équipe est recherchée comme un lieu d'harmonie, exempte de tous conflits. Or, l'analyse de la réalité montre la difficulté à s'extraire des multiples phénomènes groupaux propres à toute vie de groupe. L'équipe d'enseignants, outre la gestion du "pédagogique", ne peut exister sans une réflexion sur son fonctionnement et une confrontation avec d'autres. L'équipe peut devenir le lieu de mutations décisives des représentations individuelles et collectives
Summary of thesis: teaching teams the setting-up and operation of teaching teams come up frequently against obstacles which consume a great deal of energy. In addition to the existence of relatively fixed institutional structures, the problems met with are generated by individualism and ignorance of the various group realities. Individualism, which reflects an historical and cultural environment, constitutes a major obstacle and is strengthened by the specific status of teachers. The teacher's "basic personality" or "professional personality" is characterized by a strong narcissistic impregnation of his "psychical tissue". The social disruptions, which bring about the fading of a number of values, reactivate and intensify the defense mechanisms proper to any individual. It seems too many people' that work in teams requires the existence of a more or less strong affinity relationship. The team is sought as a place of harmony free from conflicts, whereas the analysis of reality shows how much it is difficult to get oneself free from the many group phenomena proper to any group life. Besides the obligation to manage the "pedagogical aspect", the teaching team cannot exist without thinking about its operation and comparing itself with others. It can become the place where decisive mutations of the individual and collective representations will take place
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Charbonnier-Brigaud, Emmanuelle. "Paresse sociale (social loafing) et croyances auto-repérées : une approche expérimentale du rôle de l'unicité du soi en situation de travail collectif." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20018.

Full text
Abstract:
Les individus se montrent souvent moins productifs collectivement qu'individuellement. Ce phénomène, dit de "paresse sociale" (Latane, William, et Harkins, 1979), est envisagé ici sous l'angle d'une interaction entre certaines caractéristiques du contexte de travail et la croyance du sujet en matière d'unicité du soi. Jamais explicitement évoquée dans la littérature spécialisée, cette interaction émerge systématiquement dans nos travaux expérimentaux. Conformément aux attentes, dans le cadre de tâches faciles peu propices à la différenciation interindividuelle, la paresse sociale est essentiellement le fait des sujets dotés d'une forte unicité du soi (i. E. , se percevant supérieurs à autrui). Sur des tâches difficiles, au contraire, ces mêmes sujets se montrent plus productifs collectivement qu'individuellement. Ceux dotés d'une faible unicité du soi (i. E. , se percevant non différents d'autrui), s'avèrent généralement insensibles au contexte du travail. Cohérents avec la thèse défendue ici, ces résultats invitent à considérer la paresse sociale comme le produit d'une mise en relation entre le contexte du travail et certaines croyances auto-référencées
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ndiaye, Aminata. "Processus d'individualisation chez les jeunes Dakarois : stratégies entre rupture et appartenance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27039/27039.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Ionescu, Simona. "Comparaison des représentations religieuses du sport olympique chez les sportifs de haut-niveau roumains et français : Analyse de cas." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10192.

Full text
Abstract:
Le but de notre recherche est de repérer quand et dans quelles conditions le sport de haut- niveau dépasse l'étape de l'immanence et devient un nouveau lieu du validation du croire, en maintenant un lien à la transcendance. Même si la France est " sortie de la religion " et si l'on constate en Roumanie un retour au religieux, les deux sociétés analysés par nous sont caractérisées par une sécularisation où les croyances des sportifs sont des croyances bricolées. Le sport est défini dans notre recherche comme le moyen par lequel le sportif vise la réalisation de soi, le devenir de sa personne et aussi une transformation inédite de lui-même, jamais totalement prévisible. La particularité du sport, c'est qu'il offre non seulement une représentation du monde où le sacré peut rester un guide pour combler l'écart entre la réalité (de ce qu'il est déjà) et le rêve de ce qu'il veut ou peut devenir mais qu'il est une réalisation en acte d'un inconnu moteur à advenir
The purpose of this research is locating when and in what circumstances high performance sport can overcome the inherent stage and become a new place in wich faith corroborated with the transcendental can be validated. Even if France turned away from religion and in Romania we are experiencing a return to it, both societies analyzed by us are secular and the beliefs of sportsmen are corrupted. Sport has been defined in our study as a meaning through wich the sportsman is aiming for fulfillment and a change of personality, an undiscovered and unpredictable transformation. The particularity of sport is that it offers not only a view of the world where the holy can become a guide that is bringing together reality to the dream of whatever he is willing and capable to become, but an accomplishement of an unknown mechanism that is bound to arrive
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Verschave, Guy. "La socialisation par les sports collectifs : une approche conative auprès des enseignants d'éducation physique et sportive." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841201.

Full text
Abstract:
Cette étude porte sur les conations de socialisation chez les enseignants d'Education Physique et Sportive (EPS),éléments d'explication des choix de contenus d'enseignement proposés en sport collectif. Parallèlement, elle permet derepérer, dans les propositions de contenus, les différentes conceptions de la socialisation qu'ont les enseignants.Le cadre théorique retenu associe le modèle individualiste de Weber (1911) dans lequel l'individu gère ses actions dansl'art de se débrouiller et le modèle conatif développé par Bui-Xuân (1993, 1998), où l'inclination à agir dirigée par unsystème de valeurs incorporées va orienter l'action de l'être humain.L'hypothèse de travail était que le choix des contenus d'enseignement visant l'objectif de socialisation par les sportscollectifs détermine l'étape conative de socialisation dans laquelle se situe l'enseignant.La méthode s'appuie sur trois techniques principales et complémentaires :- L'analyse de la littérature scientifique et professionnelle,- Une enquête par questionnaire (n = 280),- Deux séries d'entretiens compréhensifs (avant : n = 9 ; après : n = 5).Les résultats mettent en évidence cinq étapes conatives : à l'étape 1 (émotionnelle), où l'enseignant, non spécialiste desport collectif, ne peut pas suivre la logique de socialisation précisée dans les textes car il est d'abord confronté auxobstacles à la socialisation ; à l'étape 2 (fonctionnelle), l'enseignant, non spécialiste de sport collectif, fait référence àl'objectif de socialisation présent dans les textes, mais il tâtonne et essaie de solliciter les élèves en fonction de leursdispositions ; à l'étape 3 (technique), l'enseignant, spécialiste ou non, est convaincu que les sports collectifs favorisent lasocialisation, et pour ce faire, il impose toutes les règles (socialisation passive) ; à l'étape 4 (contextuelle), l'enseignant,spécialiste de sport collectif, permet aux élèves de prendre des initiatives (socialisation active), mais celles-ci restent sousl'influence du contexte de la classe et du sport collectif retenu ; enfin, à l'étape 5 (expertise et création), l'élève est partieprenante de sa socialisation (socialisation active) qui est cependant placée sous l'influence des choix didactiques etpédagogiques de l'enseignant.Il est démontré, in fine, que le passage d'une étape à une autre répond à des conditions d'accumulation de facteurshiérarchisés.L'étude débouche sur la thèse : les conations de socialisation chez les enseignants d'EPS déterminent le choix des formeset des contenus d'enseignement en sport collectif.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Varet, Florent. "Comportements à risques et infractionnistes chez les automobilistes : relations entre valeurs, normes sociales et différences liées au sexe, au genre et à l'âge." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0266.

Full text
Abstract:
Les hommes et les jeunes sont plus souvent impliqués dans les accidents graves et mortels de la route que les femmes et les conducteurs plus âgés. D’après la littérature, les comportements à risques et infractionnistes (CRI) au volant pourraient être motivés par la recherche d'une appartenance et d'un statut social valorisants mais également par l'affirmation de valeurs relatives à la compétence, au pouvoir et à la masculinité. Peu d’études ont proposé de tester directement le rôle médiateur de ces valeurs et la normativité dans les différences de sexe et d’âge affectant les CRI. Nos travaux proposent d’explorer (a) le rôle de l'adhésion à certaines valeurs dans la survenue des CRI au volant ; (b) de tester le rôle médiateur de ces valeurs dans les différences liées au sexe et à l'âge ; (c) de vérifier la normativité de ces comportements en fonction du sexe et de l’âge. Six études ont été réalisées. Les principaux résultats indiquent que (a) l'adhésion à des valeurs centrées sur la recherche d’un haut statut social est particulièrement associée aux CRI ; (b) ces valeurs médiatiseraient en partie les différences de sexe et d’âge observées ; (c) CRI relatifs à la vitesse font l'objet d'une plus grande valorisation sociale chez les hommes et chez les jeunes conducteurs mais ce phénomène ne serait pas sous-tendu par les mêmes motivations pour ces deux populations. Les implications théoriques de ses résultats sont discutées sur le plan des relations empiriques entre les différents modèles mobilisés. Les perspectives pour l’application dans le champ de la sécurité routière sont également discutées sous l'angle du changement de comportements
Men and young drivers are more often involved in serious and fatal road accidents than women and older drivers. According to the literature, risky and offending behaviours (ROBs) at the wheel could be motivated by the search for a sense of belonging and social status, but also by the affirmation of values relating to competence, power and masculinity. Few studies have proposed to directly test the mediating role of these values and normativity in gender and age differences affecting ROBs. Our work proposes to explore the role of adherence to certain values in the occurrence of ROBs at wheel; (b) to test the mediating role of these values in gender and age differences; (c) to verify the normativity of these behaviours according to gender and age. Six studies were carried out. The main results indicate that (a) adherence to values centred toward the pursuit of a high social status is particularly associated with ROBs; (b) these values partially mediate the observed gender and age differences; (c) ROBs related to speed are more socially valued by men and young drivers, but this phenomenon is not supported by the same motivations for these two populations. The theoretical implications of its results are discussed in terms of empirical relationships between the different models used. Applied perspectives for behaviour change in the field of road safety are also discussed
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Laflèche, François. "Nihilisme, individualisation et toxicomanie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/62156.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Frebert, Nicolas. "L’orientation culturelle comme facteur de déshumanisation : comparaison entre expression de valeurs individualistes et collectivistes." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN20053.

Full text
Abstract:
L’objectif de cette thèse est de vérifier si la perception d’humanité d’une cible varie en fonction des valeurs culturelles qu’elle exprime. En France, les valeurs dominantes correspondent, d’après un ensemble d’études de psychologie interculturelle, à des valeurs individualistes. En s’appuyant sur ces données, plusieurs études ont été mises en œuvre pour comparer les attributions d’humanité à une cible qui exprime soit des valeurs individualistes, soit des valeurs collectivistes. D’après l’hypothèse ethnocentrique, l’expression de valeurs collectivistes devrait susciter moins d’attributions d’humanité que l’expression de valeurs individualistes. Pour vérifier cette hypothèse, plusieurs mesures d’attributions d’humanité ont été utilisées. Trois prétests ont notamment été réalisés en vue de valider une mesure francophone d’Unicité Humaine et de Nature Humaine via des traits de personnalité. Quatre études expérimentales ont ensuite été mises en place pour répondre à la problématique générale. Les données obtenues ne permettent pas de confirmer l’hypothèse ethnocentrique et montrent que l’expression de valeurs individualistes et collectivistes sont chacune associées à des aspects spécifiques de l’humain. Les résultats conduisent à une réflexion au sujet de la validité convergente des mesures d’attributions d’humanité et de leur capacité à s’émanciper des effets de positivité. Une discussion concernant le statut normatif des valeurs individualistes est également engagée
The aim of this thesis is to test whether perceived humanness of an individual depends on the cultural values he expresses. Several studies in cross-cultural psychology identified individualistic values as the dominant values in France. Based on these data, we conducted a set of research studies to compare humanness attributions to a target person that expresses either individualistic or collectivist values. According to the ethnocentric hypothesis, the expression of collectivistic values should elicit fewer attributions of humanness than the expression of individualistic values. To test this hypothesis, several measures of humanness attributions were used. Three pre-tests were conducted to validate a francophone measure of Human Uniqueness and Human Nature via personality traits. Then, four experimental studies were set up to address the ethnocentric hypothesis. The data collected did not confirm the ethnocentric hypothesis and showed that the expression of individualistic and collectivistic values are each associated with specific aspects of human being. The results lead to a reflexion about the convergent validity of measures of humanness attributions and their ability to avoid being biased by positivity effects. The normative status of individualistic values is also discussed
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Hook, Joshua N. "Forgiveness, Individualism, and Collectivism." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1451.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Nascimento, Eurípedes Costa do [UNESP]. "Errâncias e errantes: um estudo sobre a mobilidade do sujeito e o uso de bebidas alcoólicas na contemporaneidade." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97636.

Full text
Abstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-08-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimento_ec_me_assis.pdf: 518357 bytes, checksum: 50da06ccb53f118ab367d07e5fdb6f70 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O consumo de álcool tem sido uma das maiores preocupações da saúde pública no mundo e suas causas parecem estar associadas a diversos fatores, dentre eles, a cultura. Articulados com a errância e impulsionado por motivos sócio-econômicos ou mesmo por razões pessoais, traz consigo profundas modificações no plano psicossocial. Considerando a especificidade dessa população, seu modo peculiar de vida na condição da errância, essa pesquisa teve por objetivos investigar as razões que levam esses sujeitos à ruptura com a vida sedentária e o papel que a bebida alcoólica exerce nesse processo de desfiliação. Foram tomados como sujeitos, 16 trecheiros do sexo masculino que fazem uso, assumidamente, de bebidas alcoólicas. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas gravadas com roteiro estruturado no Centro de Triagem e Encaminhamento Migrante da cidade de Assis, S.P., abordando os motivos para a errância, o uso do álcool ao longo da vida, as relações familiares e perspectivas futuras no modo de vida itinerante. As entrevistas foram submetidas, posteriormente, a uma análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que o momento da ruptura com a vida sedentária e a iniciação no trecho, é marcado por algum incidente no núcleo familiar do sujeito, tais como: o desemprego, a violência familiar, a busca de liberdade, além dos desentendimentos conjugais presentes como um dos fatores cruciais para a desfiliação. O uso do álcool, associado à pobreza, inicia-se na infância, estimulado pelos próprios pais ou amigos e atua como um dos principais elementos presentes nos conflitos domésticos e na desfiliação do sujeito para a errância. No trecho ele é atribuído pelos próprios sujeitos à necessidade de criar coragem, esquecer problemas do passado e apaziguar conflitos remanescentes, em geral, conflitos afetivos...
The alcohol consumption has been one of the biggest concerns of the public health in the world and its causes seem to be associated to the diverse factors, among them, the culture. Articulated with the wandering and stimulated by the economical and social reasons or same for personal reasons, it brings deep modifications in the psychosocial plan. Considering, specifically, this population and its peculiar way of life in the condition of the wandering, this research had for objectives to investigate the reasons that take these subjects to the rupture with the sedentary life and the paper that the alcoholic beverage exerts in this disaffiliation process. Had been taken as subjects, 16 wanderers that make use, affirmatively, of alcoholic beverages. The collection of data was accomplished through the recorded interviews with script structuralized in the Center of Selection and Migrant Guiding of the city of Assis, São Paulo state (Brazil), approaching the reasons for the wandering, the use of alcohol along the life, the familiar relations and future perspectives in the way of itinerant life. The interviews had been submitted, afterwards, to a content analysis. The results had demonstrated that the moment of the rupture with the sedentary life and the initiation in the highway, is marked by some incident in the familiar nucleus of the subject, such as: the unemployment, the familiar violence, the search of freedom, beyond the marital misunderstandings presents as one of the crucial factors for the disaffiliation. The use of the alcohol, associated to the poverty, initiates in childhood, stimulated for the proper parents or friends and acts as one of the main elements in the domestic conflicts and disaffiliation of the individual ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Painter, Desmond William. "The social in social psychology : cognitive, postmodern and discursive alternatives to individualism." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52025.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study evaluates the development of a discursive approach to social psychology in terms of this discipline's most pressing metatheoretical question: what is the relation between the individual and the social in social psychology? This question is illuminated through a discussion of traditional cognitive approaches to social psychology as well as postmodern critiques of the discipline, after which the discursive approach is introduced to address shortcomings in both these perspectives. The discursive approach incorporates a key insight of recent developments in the philosophy of language, namely that language is not primarily referential, but constructive of our experiences and relationship to reality. By taking seriously both the performative or rhetorical and the abstract-systemic characteristics of language, discursive social psychology addresses the traditional issues of individualism and the reduction of the social on two levels: first, as it is revealed in especially traditional cognitive approaches to social psychology; and secondly, as it supports a set of specifically Western cultural values that reproduce cultural and political practices and power imbalances. Discursive social psychology is subsequently presented as a definite advance with regard to providing richer conceptions of social-cognitive processes and the socio-cultural foundations of psychological phenomena. Despite this there are also important limitations that should be taken into account before discursive social psychology is imported to South Africa as a critical alternative: the focus on language goes along with a negation of the materiality and embodied nature of experience. Because experience cannot be pre-reflexively psychological meaningful, discursive social psychology remains to develop a theory of agency that indicates how criticism, resistance and change is possible.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie evalueer die ontwikkeling van 'n diskursiewe benadering tot die sosiale sielkunde in terme van hierdie dissipline se mees knellende metateoretiese vraag: wat is die verhouding tussen die individuele en die sosiale in sosiale sielkunde? Hierdie vraag word aangespreek deur eers te kyk na tradisioneel kognitiewe benaderings tot en postmodernistiese kritiek op die sosiale sielkunde, waarna die diskursiewe benadering bekendgestel word soos dit die tekortkominge in hierdie twee perspektiewe aanspreek. Die diskursiewe benadering inkorporeer 'n sleutel-insig van onlangse ontwikkelinge in die taalfilosofie, naamlik dat taal nie primêr referensieel is nie, maar konstruktief en medebepalend van ons ervaring van en verhouding tot die werklikheid. Deur beide die performatiewe of retoriese en die meer abstrak-sistemiese kenmerke van taal ernstig op te neem, spreek die diskursiewe sosiale sielkunde die tradisionele knelpunte van individualisme en reduksie van die sosiale op twee vlakke aan: eerstens, soos dit onthul word in veral tradisioneel kognitiewe benaderings tot sosiale sielkunde; en tweedens, soos dit 'n stel spesifiek Westers-kulturele waardes onderhou wat bydra tot die reproduksie van kulturele en politieke praktyke en mags-wanbalanse. Diskursiewe sosiale sielkunde word gevolglik aangetoon as 'n definitiewe vooruitgang wat betref die uiteensetting van ryker konsepsies van sosiaal kognitiewe prosesse en die sosiaal-kulturele grondslae van sielkundige fenomene. Ten spyte hiervan is daar egter ook belangrike gebreke wat in ag geneem moet word voordat diskursiewe sosiale sielkunde as kritiese alternatief na Suid-Afrika ingevoer word: die fokus op taal gaan qepaard met 'n negering van die materialiteit en liggaamlikheid van ervaring. Omdat ervaring nie pre-refleksief sielkundige betekenis kan hê nie, bly hierdie ontwikkeling se verstaan van agentskap in gebreke om te verduidelik hoe kritiek, teenstand en verandering moontlik is.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Ahn, Diana D. "Individualism and Collectivism in a Korean Population." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/107.

Full text
Abstract:
Though much research has been conducted concerning the horizontal and vertical attributes of individualism and, not much has been done comparing and contrasting an Eastern culture, collectivism to a specific aspect of American culture, individualism, such as Korean American. The 32-item INDCOL scale was used to measure the 4 attributes (Singelis et al., 1995). Contrary to the proposed hypothesis, this study found high scores in horizontal individualism in Korean American participants and high scores in horizontal individualism and horizontal collectivism in Korean participants. These results could indicate a shift towards a different attribute in the Korean and Korean American community.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Boyom, Charlène. "Les effets des dimensions culturelles sur l'évaluation des produits domestiques : cas des produits d'ameublement domestiques par les consommateurs européens." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0104/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Cette thèse examine les effets de la culture sur l’évaluation et l’intention d’achat des produits domestiques versus étrangers dans deux pays (France et Royaume-Uni).Les individus interrogés ont reçu des informations sur deux produits d’ameublement(canapés) fabriqués soit en France soit au Royaume-Uni. Les produits étaient décrits comme étant supérieurs ou inférieurs à la concurrence étrangère. Il s’avère que les français et les anglais évaluent favorablement les produits domestiques (versus importés) lorsqu’ils sont supérieurs à la concurrence étrangère. En outre, le pays d’origine du produit va plus influencer l’intention d’achat des produits domestiques chez les anglais que chez les français. Les dimensions individualisme horizontal, distance hiérarchique et masculinité expliquent les effets de la culture sur l’évaluation et l’intention. Cela donne lieu à de nombreuses implications sur les stratégies de marketing international dont les solutions sont proposées dans cette recherche
This thesis examines the effects of culture on the evaluation and purchase intention of domestic versus foreign products in two countries (France and United-Kingdom). Subjects received information about two furnishings products (sofas) manufactured in either France or the United-Kingdom. The products were described as being superior or inferior to foreign competition. It turns out that the French and English respondents evaluated favorably domestic products (versus imported ones) only when they are superior to competition. In addition, the country of origin of the product will most influence the intention to buy domestic products in United- Kingdom than in France. The horizontal dimension of individualism, the power distance and the masculinity explain the effects of culture on product evaluation and purchase intention. This gives rise to many implications on international marketing strategies whose solutions are proposed in this research
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Ernst, Audrey. "Être seuls ensemble. . . : pratiques et représentations dans un centre de remise en forme." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON14003.

Full text
Abstract:
Liés aux préoccupations corporelles contemporaines et à un contexte commercial, les centres de remise en forme proposent un cadre de pratique différent des sports traditionnels. Observer l'organisation et la vie d'un centre de remise en forme, permet de découvrir un univers où se dévoilent des usages de l'espace commun particuliers et un autre mode de construction des relations interindividuelles. Par une démarche ethnologique, combinant observation participante et entretiens non-directifs menés avec les pratiquants, l'objectif est de caractériser les comportements et analyser les formes du lien social. L'étude montre que le cadre de pratique, l'organisation et les individus construisent une dynamique relationnelle où s'exprime les processus d'individualisation et se manisfeste un lien social adapté aux attentes de l'homme moderne.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Zahid, Abdul. "Cultural and gender effects in values associated with luxury brand consumption." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/210222_ZAHID_348vmwri579gp869uymyyj545zelsxn_TH.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
La demande croissante des marques de luxe crée de nouvelles opportunités et défis pour répondre aux attentes des consommateurs en fonction des caractéristiques sociodémographiques (genre, culture, âge et classe sociale). Cette thèse vise l’explication des effets de culture et du genre sur les valeurs (élitisme, exclusivité, raffinement, héritage) associées à la consommation des marques de luxe selon le modèle de Roux et al. (2007) et à le compléter en introduisant le besoin d'authenticité comme antécédent de l’héritage. Les variations interculturelles de ces valeurs sont étudiées en comparant 2 échantillons de consommateurs : France (512) et EAU (512). Les résultats indiquent que 1) le besoin d'authenticité exerce une influence positive sur l’héritage, 2) les consommateurs occidentaux accordent plus d’importance à l’héritage et au raffinement que les consommateurs orientaux, 3) ces derniers apparaissent plus attachés à l’élitisme, 4) aucune différence interculturelle n’est observée à propos de l’exclusivité. Concernant les effets du genre, elle réplique les travaux de Roux et al. (2007) : en France, les hommes sont plus attachés à l’élitisme et à l’exclusivité, et les femmes accordent plus d’importance au raffinement. Aux EAU, le genre n’affecte pas l’importance attribuée à l’exclusivité. Conformément à la théorie de la structure sociale d’Eagly et Wood (1999), les effets du genre sont, dans les deux pays, totalement médiatisés par l’adhésion des consommateurs aux stéréotypes du genre, ce qui les conduit à privilégier les valeurs du luxe consistantes avec ces stéréotypes. Les contributions théoriques et managériales sont discutées ainsi que les perspectives de recherche
The increasing demand for luxury brands creates new opportunities and challenges for the brands to better meet consumer expectations. This thesis aims to highlight and explain the effects of culture and gender on values (elitism, exclusivity, refinement, and brand heritage) associated with luxury brand consumption (Roux, Tafani, & Vigneron, 2017), and to complete this model by introducing the need for authenticity (NFA) as a driver of brand heritage. The cross-cultural variations of these values are investigated by comparing two samples of frequent luxury brand consumers issued from a more individualistic Western culture (France: N = 512) vs. a more collectivist Eastern culture (United Arabic Emirates: N = 512). Main results reveal that (i) NFA exerts a positive influence on brand heritage value, (ii) Western consumers attach more importance to brand heritage and refinement, (iii) whereas Eastern consumers are more concerned with elitism, and lastly (iv) no significant difference is observed with respect to exclusivity. Regarding gender effects, this research replicates Roux et al.’s (2007) findings: in France, men give more importance to elitism and exclusivity, whereas women favor refinement. However, in the United Arab Emirates, gender does not affect exclusivity. In addition, according to the Social Structural Theory (Eagly, & Wood, 1999), in both cultures, the adherence to own-gender beliefs fully mediates gender differences, which leads male and female consumers to favor luxury values consistent with their own gender beliefs. Key theoretical contributions and managerial implications of these findings are discussed before addressing new research perspectives
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Nascimento, Eurípedes Costa do. "Errâncias e errantes : um estudo sobre a mobilidade do sujeito e o uso de bebidas alcoólicas na contemporaneidade /." Assis : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97636.

Full text
Abstract:
Orientador: José Sterza Justo
Banca: Diléa Zanotto Manfio
Banca: Marcos Antonio de Moraes
Banca: Laura Beatriz Fonseca de Almeida
Banca: Marlene Holzhausen
Resumo: O consumo de álcool tem sido uma das maiores preocupações da saúde pública no mundo e suas causas parecem estar associadas a diversos fatores, dentre eles, a cultura. Articulados com a errância e impulsionado por motivos sócio-econômicos ou mesmo por razões pessoais, traz consigo profundas modificações no plano psicossocial. Considerando a especificidade dessa população, seu modo peculiar de vida na condição da errância, essa pesquisa teve por objetivos investigar as razões que levam esses sujeitos à ruptura com a vida sedentária e o papel que a bebida alcoólica exerce nesse processo de desfiliação. Foram tomados como sujeitos, 16 trecheiros do sexo masculino que fazem uso, assumidamente, de bebidas alcoólicas. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas gravadas com roteiro estruturado no Centro de Triagem e Encaminhamento Migrante da cidade de Assis, S.P., abordando os motivos para a errância, o uso do álcool ao longo da vida, as relações familiares e perspectivas futuras no modo de vida itinerante. As entrevistas foram submetidas, posteriormente, a uma análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que o momento da ruptura com a vida sedentária e a iniciação no trecho, é marcado por algum incidente no núcleo familiar do sujeito, tais como: o desemprego, a violência familiar, a busca de liberdade, além dos desentendimentos conjugais presentes como um dos fatores cruciais para a desfiliação. O uso do álcool, associado à pobreza, inicia-se na infância, estimulado pelos próprios pais ou amigos e atua como um dos principais elementos presentes nos conflitos domésticos e na desfiliação do sujeito para a errância. No trecho ele é atribuído pelos próprios sujeitos à necessidade de criar coragem, esquecer problemas do passado e apaziguar conflitos remanescentes, em geral, conflitos afetivos ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The alcohol consumption has been one of the biggest concerns of the public health in the world and its causes seem to be associated to the diverse factors, among them, the culture. Articulated with the wandering and stimulated by the economical and social reasons or same for personal reasons, it brings deep modifications in the psychosocial plan. Considering, specifically, this population and its peculiar way of life in the condition of the wandering, this research had for objectives to investigate the reasons that take these subjects to the rupture with the sedentary life and the paper that the alcoholic beverage exerts in this disaffiliation process. Had been taken as subjects, 16 wanderers that make use, affirmatively, of alcoholic beverages. The collection of data was accomplished through the recorded interviews with script structuralized in the Center of Selection and Migrant Guiding of the city of Assis, São Paulo state (Brazil), approaching the reasons for the wandering, the use of alcohol along the life, the familiar relations and future perspectives in the way of itinerant life. The interviews had been submitted, afterwards, to a content analysis. The results had demonstrated that the moment of the rupture with the sedentary life and the initiation in the highway, is marked by some incident in the familiar nucleus of the subject, such as: the unemployment, the familiar violence, the search of freedom, beyond the marital misunderstandings presents as one of the crucial factors for the disaffiliation. The use of the alcohol, associated to the poverty, initiates in childhood, stimulated for the proper parents or friends and acts as one of the main elements in the domestic conflicts and disaffiliation of the individual ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Mestre
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Larue, Richard. "La crainte de l'égalité : essai sur un fondement symbolique de l'État au Canada 1791-1867." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17623.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Lindström, Madeleine, and Karolina Ljungström. "Relationen mellan anställdas typ av individualism och commitment till organisationen." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8051.

Full text
Abstract:

Dagens organisationer verkar på en marknad präglad av hård konkurrens om såväl marknadsandelar som kompetent personal. Detta ställer krav på kostnadseffektivitet samt lojala och engagerade medarbetare. Ett fenomen som visat sig kunna bidra till just detta är commitment, som beskriver den anställdes bindning till organisationen. Individens värderingar i förhållande till commitment är delvis outforskat. Individualism är ett ramverk av värderingar som bland annat beskriver individers relation och identifikation med grupper. Mot bakgrund av detta är det intressant att sätta begreppet i relation till commitment. Syftet med denna studie var således att undersöka förekomsten av samband mellan individualism och commitment och hur dessa i så fall ter sig. Studien genomfördes genom en enkätundersökning på 158 bankanställda. Resultaten påvisade samband mellan horisontell individualism och känslomässig commitment samt mellan vertikal individualism och normativ commitment. Med denna kunskap kan organisationer anpassa sitt personalarbete för att motivera anställda och skapa förutsättningar för commitment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Leung, Wei Lue. "Individualism, organisational identification and performance : evidence from Southern China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/632.

Full text
Abstract:
Applying the theoretical perspective of organisational identification (OI), in this thesis I explore how rising individualistic cultural values (ICVs) of employees affect their work performance in service industry of South China. I consider leader-member exchange (LMX) and its moderating effect on the association between rising ICVs and OI of employees, which may affect their performance. The hypotheses are tested using data collected from a large Hong Kong owned organisation in the hospitality industry in South China. The data show that ICV has a negative relationship with OI, which in turn can cause poorer employee performance of young generation workforce. The data also show that a relationship approach such as LMX can moderate the negative association between ICV and OI. From the empirical findings, there are practical implications for people management in South China business operations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Porselid, Ottilia, and Malin Ernstson. "Vad i bagaget predicerar civilkuraget? : Individualism och samvetsgrannhet som potentiella prediktorer." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-49108.

Full text
Abstract:
När en individ står upp för vad som är moraliskt rätt och riktigt med risk för negativa sociala konsekvenser benämns det civilkurage. Få studier har ämnat ta reda på vad som föregår ett visat civilkurage. Syftet var att undersöka huruvida samvetsgrannhet och individualism korrelerade med civilkurage. 135 respondenter varav 108 var kvinnor deltog i enkätundersökningen där de ombads bedöma påståenden. Påståendena var hämtade ur tre etablerade skalor; Das Münchner Zivilcourage-instrument, Auckland Individualism Collectivism Scale samt samvetsgrannhet extraherad ur Big Five. Resultatet visade ingen korrelation mellan individualism och civilkurage. Prediktorn samvetsgrannhet kunde inte heller förklara civilkurage. Inte heller verkade utbildningsnivå eller kön ha någon inverkan. Till framtida studier rekommenderas att inkludera övriga dimensioner av Big five samt att undersöka om prediktorerna skulle ge samma utfall gällande hjälpbeteende. Det torde även vara gynnsamt att mäta individualism i annan bemärkelse med tonvikt på unikhet hellre än konkurrens.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Lacerda, J?nior Fernando. "Psicologia para fazer a cr?tica? Apolog?tica, individualismo e marxismo em alguns projetos psi." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2010. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/422.

Full text
Abstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Lacerda Junior.pdf: 2133933 bytes, checksum: e1dc83e8be9b07561c7b4e3690fade46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-09
Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas
This doctoral thesis develops an historical-systematic analysis of different accounts in psychology with the aim of tackling the association between psychological internal developments and social and historical circumstances or broader philosophical debates. Here is argued that psychology as a particular social complex emerged when bourgeoisie converted the task of understanding human self-activity into a function of justification and naturalization of social order. To defend this thesis the broader historical and philosophical background that gave rise to psychology is highlighted. To analyse the creation of psychology the notion of ideological decadence developed by Luk?cs, was employed. The argument is sustained through the discussion of three groups of psychological projects that developed between 19th and 21st centuries: (a) projects that began with Wundtian psychology and ended with the behaviourist turn in USA; (b) approaches that articulated Marxism and psychology that emerged between Russian revolution in 1917 and Cuban revolution during the second half of 20th century; (c) different traditions of critical psychology that emerged after 1968 and that are developing until 21st century. Considerations on the relationship between psychology, individualism and Marxism are made and, then, in the final remarks, the possibilities of creating a Marxist psychology and of overcoming apologetics are discussed.
O presente trabalho empreende uma an?lise hist?rico-sistem?tica de alguns projetos de psicologia com a finalidade de problematizar a rela??o entre os desdobramentos internos da psicologia com os acontecimentos hist?rico-sociais e debates filos?ficos mais gerais. Argumenta-se que a psicologia enquanto complexo social espec?fico nasceu quando a busca de compreens?o da autoatividade humana pela burguesia foi abandonada e convertida na busca para justificar e naturalizar a ordem social. Para analisar este processo buscou-se delinear o terreno hist?rico-filos?fico mais amplo do qual brotou a psicologia e utilizou-se a categoria decad?ncia ideol?gica para problematizar o nascimento da psicologia. Para defender esta tese analisam-se tr?s conjuntos de projetos psi que se desenvolveram entre os s?culos XIX e XXI: (a) os projetos que se desenvolveram desde o surgimento do projeto de psicologia wundtiano at? o giro behaviorista ocorrido na primeira metade do s?culo XX; (b) as propostas que articularam psicologia e marxismo que emergiram entre a revolu??o russa de 1917 e a revolu??o cubana na segunda metade do s?culo XX; (c) os projetos de psicologia cr?tica que emergiram a partir de 1968 e se desenvolveram at? os primeiros anos do s?culo XXI. Uma ?nfase especial ? dada para a rela??o entre psicologia, individualismo e marxismo. Nas considera??es finais discutem-se as possibilidades de se desenvolver uma psicologia marxista e de eliminar o papel da apolog?tica no interior da psicologia.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Shulruf, Boaz. "The influence of individualist and collectivist attributes on responses to Likert-type scales." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3175087.

Full text
Abstract:
Collectivism and individualism are culturally-related psychological structures which have been used to distinguish people within and across various societies. From a review of the literature, it is argued that the most salient feature of individualism is valuing personal independence, which includes self-knowledge, uniqueness, privacy, clear communication, and competitiveness. Collectivism is associated with a strong sense of duty to group, relatedness to others, seeking others' advice, harmony, and working with the group. The purpose of the thesis is to explore how collectivist and individualist attributes affect the way people respond to Likert-type questionnaires. In the first study, a new measurement tool for individualism and collectivism was developed to address critical methodological issues in this field of cross-cultural psychology. This new measure the “Auckland Individualism and Collectivism Scale” defined three dimensions of individualism: (a) Responsibility (acknowledging one's responsibility for one's actions), (b) Uniqueness (distinction of the self from the other) and (c) Compete (striving for personal goals is one's prime interest); and two dimensions of collectivism: (d) Advice (seeking advice from people close to one, before taking decisions), and (e) Harmony (seeking to avoid conflict). The AICS avoids the need for measuring horizontal and vertical dimensions of collectivism and individualism, and the confounding effect of familialism on the collectivism-individualism constructs. The second study investigated the relationship between collectivism and individualism and various response sets that have been reported relating to the way in which individuals respond to Likert-type scales. Using structural equation modelling, the Collectivism-Individualism Model of Response Bias was developed. This model suggests two types of response sets: (a) the Impression-Response Bias which includes response sets such as social desirability and context, that affect the first four stages of responding to questions, namely receiving and retrieving data and making decisions; and (b) the Expression-Response Bias which includes response sets such as the extreme response set and the neutral response set that relate to the application of the responses, namely the actual answer chosen by the respondent. Collectivism is negatively correlated with context and with self deception enhancement whereas individualism is positively correlated with context and self deception enhancement and impression management. Context is positively correlated with extreme response set and negatively correlated with neutral response set. The Collectivism-Individualism Model of Response Bias suggests that collectivist and individualist attributes directly affect the Impression-Response Bias response sets and indirectly affect the Expression-Response Bias response sets. It was concluded that attributes of collectivism and individualism affect the decision made by the respondents and therefore lead to different responses to Likert-type questionnaires. Nevertheless, the effect of collectivism and individualism on the magnitude of the responses would be limited as it is mediated by the Impression-Response Bias response set.
Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Gadbois, Jocelyn. "ETHNOLOGIE DU LOTTO 6/49. Esquisses pour une définition de la confiance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29492/29492.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Coulibaly, Daouda. "La consommation de luxe vestimentaire comme processus de survalorisation de soi, de surconformité et de confiscation : le cas des Sapeurs Noirs Africains." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12025.

Full text
Abstract:
Cette recherche pose ainsi la problématique de l’usage du luxe vestimentaire comme discours militant et objet de captation. Plus précisément, ce travail investigue les mécanismes de la consommation du luxe vestimentaire par la communauté des Sapeurs. Ces derniers sont Africains, Noirs et leur consommation de luxe vestimentaire répond à des enjeux de Survalorisation de soi, de Surconformité et de tentatives de confiscation du luxe européen. Conséquemment, pour ces Sapeurs, le vêtement de luxe se transforme en un discours militant qui formule une motivation forte à recoloniser ou à basculer la perspective coloniale au profit du Noir. De fait, tel un processus de déconstruction sociologique et idéologique, le Sapeur manifeste une volonté de « jouer » sur le luxe Européen pour enfin le métamorphoser en un luxe par et pour l’Africain tout en gardant, bien entendu, les symboles et les vertus originelles
The aim of this research is to study the use of luxury clothing consumption as an activist discourse and capturing object. More specifically, we investigate the mechanisms of luxury clothing consumption as used by the “Sapeur” community. This movement is composed of black Africans and their luxury clothing consumption meets such challenges as Overvalorization of the self, Overconformity and an attempted confiscation of European luxury. Consequently, for these Sapeurs, luxury clothing turns into an activist discourse, which shows their strong motivation to recolonize or to switch the colonial perspective in favor of the Blacks. In fact, such a process of sociological and ideological deconstruction shows how Sapeurs manifest a desire to "play" with European luxury to finally turn it into a luxury made by and for Africans while keeping, of course, its original symbols and virtues
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Farrehi, Angela Saghar. "Unique effects of individualism and collectivism on exposure and reactivity to daily stress." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.20 Mb., 55 p, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1037890191&Fmt=7&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Yasin, Hina Mahboob. "Employee behavior as an image of CSR : analysing through the lens of individualism - collectivism." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1085.

Full text
Abstract:
Durant des siècles, la religion a été considérée comme une entité extrêmement influente. Lentement et progressivement, les gouvernements ont pris la relève et gagné en puissance. De nos jours, quelques grandes entreprises prennent le relais (Cohen, 1988). Cependant, la recherche montre que les entreprises qui ne gèrent pas leur pouvoir de manière socialement responsable sont sanctionnées par la société (Davis, 1973). Pour cette raison, les PDG sont amenés à faire un usage intelligent et productif de leurs ressources, par le biais de la responsabilité sociale. La RSE est un phénomène important par le moyen duquel les employés acquièrent, par identification à l'entreprise, une identité sociale. Cette identification génère elle-même des comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle (OCB). Il est nécessaire de procéder à une étude approfondie de ces comportements influencés par la RSE, en tenant compte de l'approche psychologique individualiste ou collectiviste de l'employé. Nous présentons ici un modèle optimal, testé empiriquement. Les résultats de cette recherche suggèrent aux entreprises d'utiliser intelligemment leurs activités opérationnelles pour répondre à un large éventail de besoins
Ages ago, religion was an entity which was deemed as influentially powerful. Slowly and gradually, governments became the entities even with greater power to influence the circumstances. And now, some big corporations have taken over that power (Cohen, 1988) . Nevertheless, when power comes, along lingers responsibility. Research shows that businesses which do not handle their power in socially responsible manner, the society deprives it of that power (Davis, 1973). For this reason, CEO's now make intelligent use of their resources in order to be productive as well as socially responsible, in short they exhibit Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). CSR is such a powerful phenomenon which enables an employee to derive his/her social identity by identifying with the firm. Employees view their self as a depiction of their firm, when their firm behaves in a socially responsible manner. This resulting identification tends to generate organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). A need resides to conduct an deep study of employee behavior influenced by CSR while considering the individualist or collectivist psychological approach of the employee. This research plays its role in configuring the resulting behavioral patterns generated from the considerate behavior of the firm. We bring forward an optimal model, which is empirically tested. The findings support this research suggesting firms to cleverly utilize its operational activities to meet a broader range of needs
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Bhansali, Aviva. "The Role of Individualism and Masculinity in the Formation of a Global F&B Brand’s Extended Identity." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1616.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis investigates the role that specific cultural dimensions – such as individualism and masculinity - play in shaping the extended identity of global F&B brands. It explores the link between individualism and brand identity in nations that differ based on their position on the individualism spectrum. It further analyzes the relation between a global brand’s identity in a specific country and that country’s position on the masculinity spectrum. Coca-Cola and McDonald’s Italian, British, Thai and Portuguese website homepages were used as units of analysis for extended brand identities. Conclusions suggested that the more individualistic the target market, the greater the emphasis on individualistic values in branding content. Similarly, the more collectivistic the target market, the greater the emphasis on collectivistic values. This thesis examines the reasons for these findings. Similar links were not observed between the position of a country on the masculinity dimension and a brand’s identity. It is possible this is to gradual shifts of traditionally masculine societies toward feminist ideals.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Acevedo, Ignacio David. "UNDERSTANDING ETHNICITY: THE RELATION AMONG ETHNIC IDENTITY, COLLECTIVISM, AND INDIVIDUALISM IN AFRICAN AMERICANS AND EUROPEAN AMERICANS." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2003. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukypcps2003t00073/AcevedoThesis.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 68 p. Includes abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-65).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Major, Marlene. "Individualist versus collectivist antecedents and consequents of work and personal values of Canadian Anglophone and Francophone managers." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7859.

Full text
Abstract:
The goal of this two-part study was to investigate the associative logic, or connotative meaning, of certain values to Canadian Anglophone and Francophone male middle managers in the public and private sectors. Past value-ranking studies of Canadian managers and university students have tended to explain value-ranking differences between these ethnolinguistic groups in terms of individualism and collectivism. Specifically, Francophones have been described as more collectivist (e.g. more concerned with affiliation and family concerns) and Anglophones as more individualist (e.g. more achievement-oriented in the business world). In the present study, this individualist-collectivist explanation served as a testable hypothesis, rather than as an ex post facto explanation. This was done using a modified version of Triandis' (1972) antecedent-consequent method. Subjects gave associations to 21 work and personal values, reporting antecedents (what leads to) and consequents (what results from) for each value. In Study 1, 86 Anglophone and 82 Francophone managers provided antecedents and consequents to the values in a free-response questionnaire. In Study 2, a different but comparable group of 80 Anglophone and 94 Francophone managers completed a multiple-choice questionnaire based on high-frequency responses given in Study 1. These four groups were simultaneously matched on age, years work experience, SES, fathers' SES and quality of "other-ethnic" contact. Chi-square results indicated that for 36 out of 42 value comparisons (21 antecedents and 21 consequents) or 86% of the value stimuli, no replicated significant differences (across Study 1 and 2) were found in the number of individualist-collectivist responses given by Anglophone and Francophone managers. Moreover, a Pearson's correlation calculated on the overall frequency of individualist and collectivist responses across the value set showed that the two managerial groups had a similar individualist-collectivist understanding (r =.92, p .01). It was thus concluded that, in general, Anglophone and Francophone managers in this study shared a similar individualist-collectivist understanding of most of the 21 values. This overall similarity was discussed primarily in terms of the social change that has occurred in Quebec over the past 15 years, such as the greater presence of Francophones in business schools and in the ranks of management. With growing similarity in managerial experience, Anglophone and Francophone managers may have become more similar in their individualist-collectivist understanding, compared with 10 to 15 years ago, when value-ranking studies observed group differences.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Meszléry, Katalin Verfasser], Lutz F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hornke, and Marold [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wosnitza. "Effekte des Primings der kulturellen Syndrome Individualismus und Kollektivismus: Anwendbarkeit der Priming-Methode auf kulturbezogene Fragestellungen / Katalin Meszléry ; Lutz F. Hornke, Marold Wosnitza." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156922194/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Teubner-Guerra, Rosa Lori [Verfasser], Bernhard [Gutachter] Strauß, and Ewald J. [Gutachter] Brunner. "Heimatkonzepte und ihre Beziehung zum Individualismus / Kollektivismus : ein Beitrag zur Soziokulturellen Erweiterung der Bindungstheorie / Rosa Lori Teubner-Guerra ; Gutachter: Bernhard Strauß, Ewald J. Brunner." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1178252000/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Wilson, Jessica L. "The Influence of Individualist-Collectivist Values, Attitudes Toward Women, and Proenvironmental Orientation on Landscape Preference." UNF Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/262.

Full text
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore individual variables affecting preferences for natural or managed landscapes. Environmental attitudes and value systems of student participants (N = 147) were assessed using the revised New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale and the Scenarios for the Measurement of Collectivism and Individualism (SMCI) scale, respectively. In addition, feminist orientation was assessed using the Attitudes toward Woman scale (AWS). The hypothesis that proenvironmental attitudes would be positively correlated with a preference for natural landscapes was supported. However, hypotheses that alignment with collectivist values would correlate positively with a preference for natural landscapes and that a feminist orientation would be positively correlated with a preference for natural landscapes were not supported. Demographic variables are discussed with respect to landscape preference. Caveats of the individualism-collectivism variable are also discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Stevenor, Brent A. "Culture Shift: Values of Generation X and Millennial Employees." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1560502107953501.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Rentzelas, Panagiotis. "The role of individualist and collectivist orientations on self-determined motivation : integrating self-determination theory and group processes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11466/.

Full text
Abstract:
The main aim of this thesis was to examine the role of individualism and collectivism as situational group norms on intrinsic motivation. A further aim was to examine the effect of individual differences in individualist and collectivist orientations on the effect of autonomous motivation on intention and behaviour. This research integrated the concept of self-determined and intrinsic motivation as postulated in Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985a, 2000,2002), individualism and collectivism as group norms from a Social Identity Theory perspective (Tajfel 1974,1978; Tajfel & Turner, 1979; McAuliffe et al, 2003), independence and interdependence as individual differences in self-construals from Self-Systems Theory (Markus & Kitayama, 1991b), and constructs from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1985). After reviewing the literature in Chapter 1, it was hypothesised that individualist and collectivist group norms could be situationally induced and would interact with the environmental contingencies that that support intrinsic motivation in predicting people's levels of intrinsic motivation. It was also hypothesised that individualist and collectivist orientations at an individual difference level would change the relationship between autonomous motivation and intentional behaviour. Chapter 2 presents the development of a methodological tool to manipulate individualist and collectivist group norms. Two studies employing a minimal group paradigm investigated the effect of individualist or collectivist group norms on evaluation of employees behaviour, group tolerance, relatedness, and identification in group members from individualist (British) or collectivist (Chinese and Greeks) cultural backgrounds. Chapters 3 and 4 tackle the main aim of this thesis and the results of three studies provide evidence that when the group norm is individualist group members experience higher levels of intrinsic motivation when they exercise personal choice over a target activity, whereas when the group norm is collectivist group members experience higher intrinsic motivation when a significant other makes a choice for them or provides personal choice. Chapter 5 brings the level of analysis from the group to the individual. This is achieved in a study investigating the moderating effects of independent (individualist) and interdependent (collectivist) self-construals on the effect of autonomous motivation on intentions and actual physical activity behaviour. In the concluding chapter, Chapter 6, the theoretical and practical implications of the research are discussed and directions for future research provided.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

De, Oliveira Thiago L. "Are Associations Between Parenting Style and Academic Achievement Moderated by Ethnicity and Individualism-Collectivism?" ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/512.

Full text
Abstract:
Researchers have long been concerned in documenting the nature of associations between parenting styles and academic achievement in adolescents. Social learning theory has shown how domains such as individualism, collectivism, and ethnicity are associated with parent behavior. Research suggests compatibility between individualism and authoritative parenting and collectivism with authoritarian parenting styles, which could have critical implications in the relationship between parenting styles and academic achievement. Despite the robust research on parenting styles, no research has investigated the moderating roles of individualism and collectivism. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the associations between parenting style and academic achievement and whether some of the associations were moderated by ethnicity, individualism, and collectivism. The sample consisted of 225 parents who were recruited via an online newsletter sent by school personnel. Parenting styles were measured by the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire while individualism and collectivism variables were measured by the Self-Construal Scale. Correlation coefficients calculated the associations between parenting styles and academic achievement, while the regression analyses addressed the moderator hypotheses. Authoritative parenting had a significant positive correlation with GPA, while both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles had a significant negative correlation with GPA. Within the moderator hypotheses, neither ethnicity nor individualism and collectivism served as a significant moderator between parenting styles and GPA. These findings may inform parents and educators of the importance of parenting styles on education, beyond the explanatory power of ethnicity or value system.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Kjörling, Andreas. "Working at Home in Relation to Institutionalised Individualism : - A Critical Master’s Dissertation." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Sociologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-43593.

Full text
Abstract:
Globalisation, internet and digitalisation has given cause to vast changes in society, where the individual is to an ever greater extent extradited to oneself through individualisation, flexibilisation and informatisation. Taken together this known as institutional individualisation. Globalisation, internet and digitalisation has facilitated a plethora of possibilities for remote work, i.e. white collar work that is not confined to a dedicated office area, but rather being undertaken on the go, at home or in a hotel lobby. As the global spread of Covid-19, office work has taken on new dimensions forcing employees to conduct their work within the context of the private sphere, thus altering working fromhome (WFH) into working athome (WAH). This is here researched, using a combination of critical theory and social critical realism.            In this master’s dissertation, WAH full time due to Covid-19, has therefore been set in relation to institutional individualisation and its incusing on contemporary society. Thus, against the background of individualisation, flexibilisation and informatisation, and how they together comprise our everyday working lives in the organisations where we, by means of making a living, every day partake, the changed nature of the relation between the private and the professional sphere has here been investigated. Eleven semi structured in-depth interviews, in addition to four confirmatory interviews, have served to give new insights on the social im­pli­cations of WAH. These are presented in six verified hypo­thesises, with subordinate clauses. Taken together, these in turn serve to illustrate a catalysed institutionalised individualism, and a usurpation of the private sphere, by the pro­fessional sphere, while simultaneously instigating a perceived free will, making the trans­formation a choice of the employee him- or herself.
Globalisering, internet och digitalisering har givit upphov till stora samhälleliga förändringar, där individen i allt större utsträckning utlämnas till sig själv genom individualisering, flexi­bilisering och informatisering. Sammantaget kallas detta för institutionaliserad individ­ualism. Globalisering, internet och digitalisering har också faciliterat en pletora av möjligheter till distans­arbete, dvs tjänstearbete som inte är begränsat till den dedikerade kontorsytan, utan snarare utförs på språng, i hemmet eller i en hotellobby, alltså på distans. Med den globala spridningen av Covid-19, har kontorsarbete tagit nya dimensioner och tvingat de anställda att utföra sitt arbete i kontext av den privata sfären, och därmed förändrat arbete frånhemmet (WFH) till arbete ihemmet (WAH). Detta har här beforskats medelst en kombination av kritisk teori och social kritisk realism.            I denna magisteruppsatsen har heltidsarbete i hemmet, med anledning av Covid-19, därför satts i relation till institutionaliserad individualism och dess prägling av det samtida samhället. Mot bakgrund av individualisering, flexibilisering och informalisering, och hur de tillsammans utgör våra vardagliga arbetsliv i de organisationer där vi, genom förtjänandet av vårt levebröd, varje dag deltar, har förändringar i relationen mellan privat och professionell sfär således undersökts. Elva semistrukturerade djupintervjuer, har tillsammans med fyra bekräft­ande intervjuer, tjänat nya insikter om sociala implikationer av arbete i hemmet. Dessa presen­teras genom sex verifierade hypoteser, med tillhörande under­klausuler. Samman­taget tjänar dessa i sin en illustration av katalyserad institutionaliserad indi­vid­ualism och den profess­ionella sfärens usurpering av den privata sfären, samtidigt som en uppfattad egen vilja konstituerar transformationen som själv­vald.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Dubé, Chantale. "Évaluation d'une intervention téléphonique individualisée menée auprès de soignants familiaux de personnes atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ52239.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Iliste, Adrian. "The personality dimension of idiocentrism-allocentrism among international students." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-143885.

Full text
Abstract:
Sambandet mellan kultur och personlighet har studerats i stor utsträckning och tidigare forskning har visat på en koppling mellan kulturdimensionen individualism-kollektivism och personlighetsdimensionen idiocentrism-allocentrism. Den föreliggande studien undersöker förhållandet mellan individualism-kollektivism och idiocentrism-allocentrism bland internationella studenter i Sverige. 215 internationella studenter (M = 23 år, åldersintervall 19-44, 120 kvinnor, 94 män, 1 annat) gavs definitioner av individualistiska och kollektivistiska kulturer och ombads att bedöma sin ursprungskultur. De uppmanades sedan att uppskatta sig själva utifrån 22 frågor avsedda att mäta idiocentrism-allocentrism. Slutligen uppmanades de att ange sitt huvudskäl till att studera utomlands genom att välja ett av sju alternativ i en flervalsfråga. Data analyserades med one-way ANOVA's och oberoende t-tester. Resultaten visade på ett samband mellan kulturell bakgrund och idiocentrism-allocentrism i den förväntade riktningen. Vidare demonstrerade resultaten inte en koppling mellan geografisk bakgrund och idiocentrism-allocentrism. Slutligen visade resultaten varken en koppling mellan huvudorsaken till utlandsstudier och idiocentrism-allocentrism, eller mellan huvudorsaken till utlandsstudier och kulturell bakgrund. Av dessa resultat drogs slutsatsen att när det gäller individualism-kollektivism och idiocentrism-allocentrism så påverkar kultur personlighet. Resultaten tyder vidare på att det kanske inte är lämpligt att likställa geografiska enheter som nationer med kultur, då subkulturell mångfald kan påträffas inom dessa enheter. Slutligen tyder resultaten på att internationella studenter skiljer sig åt för gällande skäl till utlandsstudier oavsett personlighet och kulturell bakgrund, även om vidare forskning krävs gällande internationella studenters motivation.
The association between culture and personality has been widely studied and previous research has shown an association between the culture dimension of individualism-collectivism and the personality dimension of idiocentrism-allocentrism. The present study investigates the relationship between individualism-collectivism and idiocentrism-allocentrism among international students in Sweden. 215 international students (M = 23 years, age range 19-44, 120 women, 94 men, 1 other) were given definitions of individualist and collectivist cultures and asked to assess their culture of origin. They were then asked to rate themselves on 22 items intended to measure idiocentrism-allocentrism. Finally, they were asked to state their main reason for studying abroad by choosing one of seven options given in a multiple-choice item. One-way ANOVA's and independent t-tests were carried out for data analysis. The results showed an association between cultural background and idiocentrism-allocentrism in the expected direction. Further, the results did not demonstrate an association between geographical background and idiocentrism-allocentrism. Finally, the results did not demonstrate an association between main reason for studying abroad and idiocentrism-allocentrism, nor between main reason for studying abroad and cultural background. It was concluded that in the case of individualism-collectivism and idiocentrism-allocentrism, culture does influence personality. Further, the results suggest that it may not be appropriate to equate geographical entities such as nations with culture as cultural diversity may be found within such entities. Finally, the results indicate that international students differ in their reasons for studying abroad regardless of personality and cultural background, although further research regarding the motivation of international students is needed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Veronica, Felstad. "Cultural Differences, Social Support and Therapy Outcomes: A Comparative Study Between Individualist and Collectivist Cultures." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1583935979670494.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Johnston, Sarah P. "A Cultural Comparison of Applied Behavior Analysis for Autism Spectrum Disorder." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/540.

Full text
Abstract:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) with no cure (Hall, 2011). A variety of treatments exist to help with symptoms and one therapy is applied behavior analysis (ABA) (Virues-Ortega, 2010). ABA works by providing rewarding stimuli, specifically verbal praise, to encourage positive behavior. Most of the current research related to autism and ABA has been done in the US or other western countries (Hall, 2011), but studies show that verbal praise motivates people differently in different cultures (Henderlong & Lepper, 2002). One of these differences occurs between individualist and collectivist cultures. The current study will manipulate verbal praise administered in ABA therapy in two different countries, the United States, an individualist culture, and South Korea, a collectivist culture. There will be two types of ABA interventions: type A, with individualist-focused verbal praise and type B, with collectivist-focused verbal praise. Thirty children from each country will receive type A and 40 from each country will receive type B. The results would likely confirm the hypotheses which are: 1) that children with an individualist upbringing will have a greater improvement in symptoms with intervention type A than children with a collectivist upbringing, and 2) that children with a collectivist upbringing will have greater symptom improvement with intervention type B than children with an individualist upbringing. Further directions regarding the development of treatments for children with autism are discussed. This research will help to provide insight into the importance of considering culture when treating children with autism.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Sévédé-Bardem, Isabelle. "Précarités juvéniles et individualisme à Ouadougou : étude des pratiques et des représentations des jeunes adultes en situation de précarité." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010503.

Full text
Abstract:
À travers l'étude des pratiques et des représentations des jeunes adultes de Ouagadougou en situation de précarité sont mis en évidence des processus d' individualisation qui apparaissent comme un des éléments fondamentaux de la modernité urbaine africaine. Deux champs sociaux sont privilégies : celui de la entre les sexes et celui des itinéraires professionnels de la débrouillardise
Individialization processes are inderscored through the study of pratices and representations of ouagadougou young adults in precariouss situation. These processes appear to be one of the basic elements of african urban modernity. Tho social fields are favoured : realations between sexes and smartness professional intinenaries
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Baron, Charles. "Le processus de développement de la conscience de gestionnaires individualistes et stratèges : une investigation collaborative autour de l'expérience du pouvoir." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19040.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Marais, Adéle. "The effect of a nuclear family's sudden loss on the personality structures of individual family members." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11132008-102311.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography