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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Individual with ASD'
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Gonzalez, Kiara. "Mano a mano| Uniting families of siblings with ASD hand in hand| A grant writing project." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10046236.
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The purpose of this project was to develop and fund an intervention program that provides a psycho-educational and peer support group to Hispanic parents and siblings who have a child or a brother/sister on the autism spectrum disorder. The goal of the project is to provide education, resources, and peer support for Hispanic parents and siblings who are currently receiving behavior interventions, with the focus being on the mothers and siblings. Behavior Functions, Inc. was the agency selected as the focus of this project.
An extensive literature review was conducted to examine the need for implementation of this program. The knowledge gained through the literature assisted the grant writer in developing a grant that meets the needs of Hispanic parents and siblings of children on the spectrum. Submission and/or funding were not required for the successful completion of this project.
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Ruiz, Nicolas. "Toward a universal privacy and information-preserving framework for individual data exchange." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666489.
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Data on individual subjects, which are increasingly gathered and exchanged, provide a rich amount of information that can inform statistical and policy analysis in a meaningful way. However, due to the legal obligations surrounding such data, this wealth of information is often not fully exploited in order to protect the confidentiality of respondents. The issue is thus the following: how to ensure a sufficient level of data protection to meet releasers’ concerns in terms of legal and ethical requirements, while still offering users a reasonable level of information. This question has raised a range concerns about the privacy/information trade-off and has driven a quest for best practices that can be both useful to users but also respectful of individuals’ privacy. Statistical disclosure control research has historically provided the analytical apparatus through which the privacy/information trade-off can be assessed and implemented. In recent years, the literature has burgeoned in many directions. In particular, techniques applicable to micro data offer a wide variety of tools to protect the confidentiality of respondents while maximizing the information content of the data released, for the benefit of society at large. Such diversity is undoubtedly useful but has several major drawbacks. In fact, there is currently a clear lack of agreement and clarity as to the appropriate choice of tools in a given context, and as a consequence, there is no comprehensive view (or at best an incomplete one) of the relative performances of the techniques available. The practical scope of current micro data protection methods is not fully exploited precisely because there is no overarching framework: all methods generally carry their own analytical environment, underlying approaches and definitions of privacy and information. Moreover, the evaluation of utility and privacy for each method is metric and data-dependent, meaning that comparisons across different methods and datasets is a daunting task.
Against this backdrop, this thesis focuses on establishing some common grounds for individual data anonymization by developing a new, universal approach. Recent contributions to the literature point to the fact that permutations happen to be the essential principle upon which individual data anonymization can be based. In this thesis, we demonstrate that this principle allows for the proposal of a universal analytical environment for data anonymization.
The first contribution of this thesis takes an ex-post approach by proposing some universal measures of disclosure risk and information loss that can be computed in a simple fashion and used for the evaluation of any anonymization method, independently of the context under which they operate. In particular, they exhibit distributional independence. These measures establish a common language for comparing different mechanisms, all with potentially varying parametrizations applied to the same data set or to different data sets.
The second contribution of this thesis takes an ex-ante approach by developing a new approach to data anonymization. Bringing data anonymization closer to cryptography, it formulates a general cipher based on permutation keys which appears to be equivalent to a general form of rank swapping. Beyond all the existing methods that this cipher can universally reproduce, it also offers a new way to practice data anonymization based on the ex-ante exploration of different permutation structures. The subsequent study of the cipher’s properties additionally reveals new insights as to the nature of the task of anonymization taken at a general level of functioning.
The final two contributions of this thesis aim at exploring two specific areas using the above results. The first area is longitudinal data anonymization. Despite the fact that the SDC literature offers a wide variety of tools suited to different contexts and data types, there have been very few attempts to deal with the challenges posed by longitudinal data. This thesis thus develops a general framework and some associated metrics of disclosure risk and information loss, tailored to the specific challenges posed by longitudinal data anonymization. Notably, it builds on a permutation approach where the effect of time on time-variant attributes can be seen as an anonymization method that can be captured by temporal permutations.
The second area considered is synthetic data. By challenging the information and privacy guarantees of synthetic data, it is shown that any synthetic data set can always be expressed as a permutation of the original data, in a way similar to non-synthetic SDC techniques. In fact, releasing synthetic data sets with the same privacy properties but with an improved level of information appears to be invariably possible as the marginal distributions can always be preserved without increasing risk. On the privacy front, this leads to the consequence that the distinction drawn in the literature between non-synthetic and synthetic data is not so clear-cut. Indeed, it is shown that the practice of releasing several synthetic data sets for a single original data set entails privacy issues that do not arise in non-synthetic anonymization.
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Dobbs, Gerald Stephen. "Comparison of enclave and individual employment of individuals with mental disabilities within college grounds departments." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46019.
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Gaylord, Jan Elizabeth. "Typologies of sexual risk taking : profiling high-risk individuals on sexual, relational and individual variables /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11193.
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Palma, Ana Rita Carapinha. "Facing unemployment after being at the top: impact, job search strategies and crucial competences." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9575.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThis work project analyzes the impact of being dismissed, in the aftermath of the 2008 economic crisis, for highly-qualified individuals, as well as the strategies they used and the key competences in the job search. Considering the individual impact, it was possible to aggregate the sample in three groups: those who were hurt, those who saw an opportunity and those who kept a “healthy level of concern”. Their personality traits and competences deeply influenced the unemployment period and the strategies used. Being network the most successful one, people who chose a systematic and organized approach were emphasized.
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Walby, Gary W. "Associations between individual, social, and service factors, recovery expectations and recovery strategies for individuals with mental illness." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002203.
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Trautmann, Stefan Tobias. "Uncertainty in individual and social decisions : theory and experiments = Individuele en sociale beslissingen bij onzekerheid : theorie en experimenten." [Amsterdam] : Thela Thesis, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9789036100915.
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Dauhn, Anette. "Förutsättningar för individuell kompetensutveckling och ett livslångt lärande. Conditions for individual competence development and a lifelong learning." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33389.
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I dagens ”kunskapssamhälle” är det viktigt att vara förändringsbenägen. Om företag vill följa med i den snabbt växande utvecklingen är det nödvändigt att de måste fungera som ”lärande organisationer” där anpassning, förändring och reflektion är dagliga inslag i arbetet. De måste se till att det livslånga lärandet blir verklighet och inte bara ett uttryck. Mitt syfte med denna undersökning var att undersöka om det finns förutsättningar för individuell kompetensutveckling och ett livslångt lärande i företag. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod. Jag har intervjuat tolv tjänstemän på två olika företag i Jönköpings län. Resultatet visar på att det finns goda möjligheter till kompetensutveckling i företagen. Sådana faktorer som att medarbetarna har stort handlingsutrymme, en bra inbördes kommunikation och samma värderingar som företagsledningen ger möjligheter till utveckling för individen. Andra faktorer som spelar in för medarbetarnas positiva utveckling är att de överlag känner sig nöjda med sina utvecklingssamtal, att få fatta egna beslut över sitt arbete och att de har tid att reflektera. De som har mest handlingsutrymme är de som befinner sig längst upp i företagshierarkin. Det som kan bromsa individens utveckling är att man i båda företagen saknar mål att arbeta efter, feedback och framför allt konstruktiv kritik. Cheferna på båda företagen saknar utbildning att hålla i utvecklingssamtalen. Man ser också att informationen inte är fullt tillräcklig till alla medarbetare. En del medarbetare saknar också högre krav och utmaningar som kan vara kompetensutvecklande. Resultatet visar också att kvinnorna inte har samma förutsättningar till kompetensutveckling som männen. De får inte formella eller informella utbildningar lika lätt som männen. Det är också dessa som har minst handlingsutrymme överlag i företagen, lite beroende på vad de arbetar med. Man kan även se att informationen som når kvinnorna är något mindre än vad männen får. Alla tjänstemännen som tillfrågats upplever att de får ett livslångt lärande i företagen.
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Karcisky, Tessa [Verfasser], and Thorsten [Gutachter] Semrau. "Individuals, Teams and Organizations : A multilevel analysis of individual, team and organizational level factors on performance / Tessa Karcisky ; Gutachter: Thorsten Semrau." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132248272/34.
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Espinoza, Fredrik. "Individual service provisioning." Doctoral thesis, SICS, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-22458.
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Computer usage is once again going through changes. Leaving behind the experiences of mainframes with terminal access and personal computers with graphical user interfaces, we are now headed for handheld devices and ubiquitous computing; we are facing the prospect of interacting with electronic services. These network-enabled functional components provide benefit to users regardless of their whereabouts, access method, or access device. The market place is also changing, from suppliers of monolithic oÆ-the-shelf applications, to open source and collaboratively developed specialized services. It is within this new arena of computing that we describe Individual Service Provisioning, a design and implementation that enables end users to create and provision their own services. Individual Service Provisioning consists of three components: a personal service environment, in which users can access and manage their services; ServiceDesigner, a tool with which to create new services; and the provisioning system, which turns end users into service providers.
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Molenaar, Nadia Franciska. "Marabastad : place and the individual - the individual in place /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11232006-141439.
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Gray, Clarabella. "Individual and interpersonal risk and resiliency factors in primary and secondary trauma." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/individual-and-interpersonal-risk-and-resiliency-factors-in-primary-and-secondary-trauma(c158861f-b20c-40b2-9795-1194b3bb367f).html.
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This thesis explores individual and interpersonal risk and resiliency factors in primary and secondary trauma across three individual papers. The first paper is a systematic review examining the role of social cognition in the relationship between attachment style and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The review synthesises the findings of six studies that met the inclusion criteria. Collectively, the results indicate that social cognition has a mediating role. The review suggests that insecure attachment style is a risk factor and secure attachment is a resiliency factor in PTSD. However, it was not possible to draw firm conclusions due to the small number of heterogeneous studies reviewed. The clear need for future research is discussed. Suggestions are made for the use of attachment and social cognition approaches in the psychosocial treatment of PTSD. The second paper is an empirical study investigating individual characteristics, secondary trauma, and burnout in police sexual and violent offending teams. The study used a sample of specialist police staff (N=78) who completed an online questionnaire survey. The results indicate that coping self-efficacy, dispositional mindfulness, and psychological flexibility are resiliency factors and insecure attachment style is a risk factor for secondary trauma, burnout, and mental ill-health. Suggestions are made for the use of mindfulness, acceptance and commitment therapy, and attachment approaches in promoting a resilient police work force. The final chapter expansively discusses the implications of both papers for future research, theory development, and clinical practice. Collectively, the findings suggest that attachment style may serve as an individual and interpersonal risk or resiliency factor in primary and secondary trauma. The socio-interpersonal model of PTSD is referenced as encapsulating the thesis findings in the wider trauma literature.
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Butler, Emily E. "Automatic imitation : antecedents and individual differences." Thesis, Bangor University, 2015. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/automatic-imitationantecedents-and-individual-differences(e6321962-d1ee-44b6-adab-18b35b56cd6d).html.
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Automatic imitation is a nonverbal behaviour that is central to social cognition and influences social connectedness. Despite a recent interest in examining the factors that influence imitation behaviour, there is still much that is unknown. The following studies employ a range of methods to investigate how features of oneself and of an interaction partner impact on imitation behaviour. In the first empirical chapter (Chapter 2), a series of behavioural experiments elucidate the influence of facial signals from an interaction partner on subsequent imitation behaviour. Chapters 3 and 4 employ large sample behavioural approaches to investigate the relationship between automatic imitation and individual differences in one’s own stable personality characteristics. In Chapter 4 this approach is combined with a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. This chapter examines an unpredicted individual difference result from Chapter 3, and the brain regions involved in supporting this difference in the control of automatic imitation compared to a non-‐social inhibitory control task. As a whole, the results from this thesis suggest that imitation is sensitive to facial cues from an interaction partner that signal information pertinent to a current social interaction, rather than cues about the interaction partner’s long-‐term behaviour. Additionally, imitation is relatively resistant to individual differences in one’s own stable personality characteristics. This thesis has implications for social cognitive neuroscience research more broadly and advocates the use of large sample behavioural studies in combination with fMRI studies in order to increase reproducibility in the field and confidence in neuroimaging findings.
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Åhlander, Cevallos Viktor, and Henrik Åström. "Individual metering and charging of heat and hot water in row house areas - Comparing study of two row house areas in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146608.
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In today’s society our residents and premises consume 38 % of the total energy use in Sweden. 2011 that number corresponded to 77,8 TWh/year. Governments and the public’s strive to lower the energy use and the European Union’s goal that all member countries should lower their energy consumption with 20 % until year 2020 creates incentives to renovations and energy efficiency measures. A possible measure that could lead to reduced energy consumption for rental apartments and smaller residences like row-houses is to install individual metering. Individual metering is a method to measure how much energy is consumed in residences. Devices are installed in homes and can measure the water and heat consumption and let the residence pay for what is actually used. In this report the consumption and the costs for heat and warm water and the attitude to individual metering between two row-house areas is investigated. Both areas are located in Stockholm, in Huddinge and Farsta, where one of the areas has installed individual metering. Our study shows difference of the consumption and costs between the two areas. The installation of individual metering has result in a higher awareness for the people living in that area which has led to a reduced consumption and cost. The attitude for individual metering is positive in both areas and unchanged after the installation of individual metering.I dagens samhälle förbrukar våra bostäder och lokaler ca 38 % av den totala energianvändningen i Sverige. 2011 motsvarade den siffran 77,8 TWh/år. Myndigheter och allmänhetens strävan att minska energiförbrukningen och EU:s målsättning att alla medlemsländer ska sänka sin energikonsumtion med 20 % fram till år 2020 skapar incitament för renoveringar och energieffektiviseringsåtgärder. En möjlig åtgärd för hyreslägenheter och mindre boenden som radhusområden är införandet av individuell mätning. Individuell mätning är en metod för att mäta energiförbrukningen i bostäder. Mätare installeras i hemmen och kan mäta vatten och värme och låter de boende betala för det de faktiskt konsumerar. I rapporten undersöks förbrukningen och kostnaderna för värme och varmvatten samt hur de boendes inställning är till individuell mätning mellan två radhusområden. Båda är belägna i Stockholm, i Huddinge respektive Farsta, där ett av områdena har infört individuell mätning. Studien visar skillnader på förbrukningen och kostnaderna mellan områdena jämfört med det andra området). Införandet av individuell mätning har medfört att de boende i området fått en högre medvetenhet vilket lett till en minskad förbrukning och kostnad. Inställningen och attityden till individuell mätning är lika positiv i båda områdena och attityden är oförändrad efter införandet i det området.
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Fukimoto, Naila Maui. "Personality and faecal cortisol metabolites levels of domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-01112018-115004/.
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The study of cat personality and behaviour can help minimize potential problems in the relationship between cats and their tutors and decrease relinquishment or maltreatment. Personality in animals is a promising area dedicated to studying characteristics of individuals that describe and account for temporally stable patterns of affection, cognition and behaviour traits. In general, people adopt cats according to their appearance, age or sex. Personality assessments can promote successful adoptions by identifying ideal animals for potential tutors. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) has implemented a program called Meet Your Match® (MYM) which assesses the personality of shelter cats and the life style of adopters. With a better match between cat and tutor, the rate of animals being returned to shelters tend to decrease and cats welfare and adaptation in new homes tend to improve. To evaluate physiological stress and personality dimension, faecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) levels were measured and a modified MYM protocol was applied in two localities: a shelter and the tutors home. Our main goals were: 1) verifying the validity of personality dimensions used in a modified MYM assessment in a Brazilian cat shelter sample through an exploratory study of the psychometric properties of the protocol, as well as an exploratory factor and a cluster analysis; 2) verifying the correlation between personality and faecal cortisol levels; 3) checking if MYM assessment is consistent through change of localities; and 4) finding out how moving from the shelter to the tutors home affects faecal cortisol metabolites levels. We found evidence of validity of the modified MYM assessment based on internal structure to personality dimensions in this sample, although it presented a factorial structure that differs from the original assessment. No correlation was found between personality dimensions and FCM levels, corroborating the literature. There was a slight decrease of FCM levels in homes, but most subjects maintained their FCM levels, showing that cats can cope with stress in both environments the shelters and the tutors home. MYM personality assessment was consistent throughout the change of localities, which indicates that it is a good instrument to assess cat personalityO estudo sobre comportamento e personalidade dos gatos pode ajudar a minimizar possíveis problemas na relação entre gatos e seus tutores e diminuir o abandono e os maus tratos. A personalidade em animais é uma área promissora, que estuda características dos indivíduos que descrevem e representam padrões temporais estáveis de afeto, cognição e comportamento. Em geral, as pessoas adotam um gato de acordo com a aparência, idade ou sexo do animal. As avaliações de personalidade podem promover adoções bem-sucedidas, identificando animais ideais para potenciais tutores. A American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) implementou um programa chamado Meet Your Match® (MYM), que avalia a personalidade dos gatos e o estilo de vida de futuros tutores. Com uma melhor combinação entre gato e tutor, a taxa de devolução desses animais para abrigos pode diminuir e o bem-estar e a adaptação em novas residências tendem a melhorar. Para avaliar o estresse fisiológico e as dimensões da personalidade, metabólitos fecais de cortisol (MFC) foram medidos e a avaliação MYM foi aplicada em duas localidades: um abrigo e a residência do tutor. Nossos principais objetivos foram: 1) verificar a validade das dimensões de personalidade utilizadas na avaliação do MYM em uma amostra de abrigo brasileiro, por meio de um estudo exploratório das propriedades psicométricas do protocolo, uma análise de fator exploratório e uma análise de cluster; 2) verificar a correlação entre os tipos de personalidade e o cortisol fecal; 3) verificar se a avaliação do MYM foi consistente após mudança de localidades (abrigo e casa); e 4) verificar como a mudança do abrigo para a casa do tutor afeta os níveis de cortisol fecal. Encontramos evidências de validade da avaliação MYM modificada, baseadas na estrutura interna das dimensões da personalidade nesta amostra, embora a estrutura fatorial tenha sido diferente da avaliação original. Não foi encontrada correlação entre as dimensões de personalidade e os níveis de MFC, corroborando a literatura. Houve uma discreta diminuição dos níveis de MFC nas casas, mas a maioria dos indivíduos manteve seus níveis de MFC, mostrando que os gatos lidam bem com o estresse nos dois ambientes o abrigo e a casa do tutor. A avaliação de personalidade do MYM foi consistente na mudança de localidades, o que indica que ela é um bom instrumento para avaliar a personalidade de gatos
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Troyer, Melissa L. "Individual differences in sentence processing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70388.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-122).
This thesis aims to elucidate shared mechanisms between retrieval in sentence processing and memory retrieval processes in nonlinguistic domains using an individual differences approach. Prior research in individual differences in sentence processing has provided conflicting evidence as to whether the same memory mechanisms operate in linguistic processing, potentially a quite specialized cognitive domain, and in other, more general areas of cognition (Just & Carpenter, 1992; Caplan & Waters, 1999). This question has been primarily addressed from the point of view of capacity-based theories of working memory (Baddeley, 1986). Under these theories, verbal working memory is either comprised of multiple components including separate components for syntactic and non-syntactic verbal processing, or is dependent on a unitary pool of resources shared across all verbal domains. However, recent memory research has suggested that the capacity-theory architecture may be incorrect. Instead of a three-part memory system composed of focal attention, working memory, and long-term memory, a better model of the memory system may be bipartite, comprising focal attention and long-term memory. In the bipartite theory, working memory is viewed as a set of mechanisms mediating between these two stores, and accurately describes empirical data (McElree, 2006). If the latter hypothesis is correct, then it follows that the bipartite system underlying sentence processing should rely on the same set of working memory mechanisms as in general memory processes. In particular, a number of empirical studies have shown that both general memory and sentence processing are subject to interference from contextually-relevant intervening elements. Such interference is thought to occur at retrieval (as opposed to encoding) both for general memory tasks (e.g., retrieving items from a list) and in sentence processing (e.g., retrieving elements in long-distance syntactic dependencies). However, no systematic attempts have been made to investigate whether this interference results from the same processing limitations. In Study 1, performance on a battery of memory and cognitive tasks is compared to performance on sentence processing tasks. One of the sentence processing tasks correlated with multiple measures likely to rely on general memory mechanisms involved in resolution of retrieval interference. However, low internal reliability of the language tasks in the first study was observed. In Study 2, a series of sentence processing tasks is examined in order to determine which tasks exhibit the highest internal reliability. The results indicate that syntactic complexity manipulations presented in null (isolated) contexts exhibit highest internal reliability and are good candidates for future studies investigating individual differences in sentence processing. Suggestions for future studies investigating shared resources between sentence processing tasks and general memory mechanism are then discussed, informed by the results from these studies.
by Melissa L. Troyer.
S.M.
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Atkinson, Meredith 1974. "Prefabrication and the individual." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17664.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. [118]-[120]).
This thesis attempts to address the perceived failure of the manufactured housing industry to adequately speak to issues of universality and specificity. The universal is investigated and redefined according to two specific circumstances: two communities, two Lots and two houses, in two very different places. Hillside sites were selected in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and in Los Angeles, California. A set of principles (the universal) was derived through the analysis of conditions on the two sites (the specific), and a new prefabricated construction system was developed in response. The universal acts as a platform for the individual; the prefabricated components are combined with sitebuilt elements, both systems having their role to play in the evolution of life on a hillside.
by Meredith Atkinson.
M.Arch.
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Pierce, Meghan Elizabeth. "Individual and Holistic Information Processing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33192.
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Significant research in cultural psychology has underlined differences in Eastern and Western cultures. While differences in many cognitive domains have been examined, there is a gap in cross cultural research on information processing and integration. This research explores the effect of independent or interdependent thinking on how a subject processes information. It is hypothesized that subjects with an interdependent mindset will process information holistically and subjects in an independent context will process information individually, or with an attribute based approach.A preliminary study tested the averaging and additive effects of information processing and served as the foundation for two subsequent explorations. The first examined cultural differences in information processing through presenting subjects of different cultural backgrounds with presenter and evaluator situations.
In the second study, individualistic and collectivist priming methodology was used to prompt subjects' ability to process information individually or holistically. Established measures of religiosity and connectedness were examined as possible moderators of the relationship between self-construal and information integration. Results show that differences between subjects primed in the interdependent condition were moderated by religiosity. Possible explanations for this effect are discussed.
Master of Science
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Norkaitienė, Diana. "Individualios socioedukacinės pagalbos teikimo modeliavimas vaikams, patiriantiems smurtą mokykloje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110803_092652-65364.
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Darbe atlikta teorinė smurto poveikio vaiko psichosocialiniam vystymuisi analizė, aptartas socioedukacinės pagalbos organizavimas mokykloje: socialinio pedagogo funkcijos socialinės pedagoginės pagalbos teikimo procese, bendradarbiavimo su vaiko šeima svarba, individualaus darbo su ugdytiniu metodika.
Magistro darbo tikslas - parengti efektyvios individualios socioedukacinės pagalbos modelį vaikams, patiriantiems smurtą mokykloje, jį įgyvendinti ir aptarti, išryškinant pastarojo privalumus bei atskleidžiant trūkumus.
Iškelta hipotezė, jog vaikams, patiriantiems smurtą mokykloje, socioedukacinė pagalba teikiama nepakankamai. Rekomenduojamas pagalbos modelis optimatizuos efektyvios socialinės pedagoginės pagalbos teikimą skriaudžiamiems mokiniams.
Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas - išanalizuoti smurto formų paplitimo reiškinį šeštų klasių mokinių tarpe, iššiaiškinti, ar prievartą patiriantiems moksleiviams suteikiama pakankama socioedukacinė pagalba. Atlikta statistinė duomenų analizė.
Tyrime dalyvavo 123 šeštų klasių moksleiviai.
Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjama smurto paplitimo vaikų tarpe bei socioedukacinės pagalbos teikimo situacija prievartą patiriantiems mokiniams. Tyrimu išsiaiškinta, jog socialinė pedagoginė pagalba teikiama nepakankamai, atrinkti 5 nuolat bendramokslių prievartą patiriantys vaikai, kurie mokykloje saugūs jaučiasi tik kartais arba iš viso tokiais nesijaučia. Šiems vaikams modeliuojamas individualios socioedukacinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The theoretical work of the impact of violence on child development psychosocial analysis, discussed the organization of diagnosed aid at school social functions of the teacher teaching social assistance in the process of cooperation with the child's family, the importance of individual work with children methodology. Master's aim - to develop an effective model for individual assistance diagnosed in children who suffer violence at school, and discuss its implementation, highlighting the latter's strengths and identify weaknesses. The hypothesis that children exposed to violence at school, diagnosed aid is not enough. The proposed assistance will provide an optimal model of effective social-pedagogical assistance for students suffering from abuse. Questionnaire survey method was conducted with the aim - to analyze the forms of violence spread phenomenon among sixth grade students, whether school children suffering from abuse diagnosed with adequate support. The statistical analysis of data. The empirical part examines the prevalence of violence among children diagnosed and assistance to students experiencing violence situation. The study made clear that the social teaching aid is not enough, select five regularly exposed to violence against fellow kids who feel safe at school only sometimes or do not feel save at all. The study included 123 sixth grade students.The empirical part examines the prevalence of violence among children diagnosed and assistance to students... [to full text]
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Akehurst, Sally. "Choking under pressure : mechanisms and individual differences." Thesis, Bangor University, 2005. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/choking-under-pressure--mechanisms-and-individual-differences(6c3a8970-538d-49b1-9eb7-e3ff5d1f44e0).html.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examined determinants and processes that are proposed to explain the mechanisms underpinning choking under pressure. The thesis is written as a series of three research papers, which are preceded by a general introduction in Chapter 1. An overview of the anxiety-performance literature is provided, within which specific areas that warrant further investigation arc highlighted. Two approaches to the study of choking under pressure are adopted within this thesis. The first attempts to understand the mechanisms underpinning the choking process, in which previous research has identified the Conscious Processing Hypothesis as one likely mechanism. The study in Chapter 2 reports an experiment that was designed to test the conscious processing hypothesis as an explanation for choking. Results revealed unexpected findings with regard to performance and the individual difference variables effort and confidence. These unexpected findings stimulated a reassessment of previous literature from an individual difference perspective. An imbalance between the two approaches was identified, resulting in the three subsequent studies of the thesis adopting an individual difference perspective. Chapter 3 consists of two studies that introduce choking as a personality disposition. A dispositional choking scale is developed in the first study, in conjunction with initial investigation into the influence of narcissism and trait self-consciousness. Study two reveals that dispositional choking predicts retrospectively reported state choking, and that narcissism moderates the relationship between trait selfconsciousness and choking. The final study in Chapter 4 further examines the precise nature of the interaction between narcissism and trait self-consciousness upon dispositional choking due to former contradictions, revealing support for previous theoretical perspectives (Baumeister, 1984; Wallace & Baumeister, 2002). Evidence also supports the argument that confidence does not fully explain the effects of narcissism. Theoretical and applied implications derived from this research are discussed, and recommendations for future research directions are presented to conclude.
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Newton, Rachel. "Suicide bereavement : support, responses, and individual experiences." Thesis, Bangor University, 2014. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/suicide-bereavement--support-responses-and-individual-experiences(e3f134c6-5fd9-45dc-bf31-7c2f4594fa40).html.
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A literature review is reported which describes and assesses the effectiveness of interventions for family members bereaved by suicide, incorporating qualitative findings regarding participants' views on what is helpful. A range of interventions are reported to be helpful, and peer support is highly valued. Methodological limitations and questions regarding the generalisability of the findings are raised, as well as ideas for future research. The experiences of patient suicide in mental health professionals are explored using semi structured interviews with 9 adult mental health professionals in two counties of North Wales. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis reveals 6 themes: emotional impact on the self, being logical: making sense of suicide, impact in the workplace, unhelpful responses in the workplace, helpful responses and sources of support, and philosophy of mental health care. All participants reported being affected by patient suicides at a personal and professional level. Peer support and contact with patient family were reported as helpful, whilst poor communication and a focus on formal and legal issues was unhelpful and increased feelings of anxiety and isolation. The findings from this study support previous research and highlight specific issues for supporting professionals. The findings from both papers are discussed in terms of their contribution to research, theory, and clinical practice. Ideas for future research and improving the support offered to families and professionals bereaved by suicide are considered, and personal reflections on the process of carrying out this thesis are offered.
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Elbourne, Paul 1971. "Situations and individuals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8157.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 220-233).
I argue that definite descriptions, pronouns and proper names share one common syntax and semantics, basically that of definite descriptions. E-type pronouns are argued to be definite articles that take NP complements elided in the phonology; referential and bound variable pronouns are analyzed as definite articles taking indices as phonologically null complements. Proper names are shown to have previously undetected E-type and bound readings, meaning that they too are best regarded as definite descriptions. It is shown that this position has deleterious consequences for the philosophical theories of direct reference and rigid designation.
by Paul Elbourne.
Ph.D.
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Paranjape, Aditi. "Intentions, Attitudes and Perceived Behavior Control Towards Healthy Nutrition Behaviors of Individuals Participating in a Group Counseling Program Versus Those Receiving Individual Counseling." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1305478049.
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Portell, Canal Xavier. "Individual-based observations and individual-based simulations to study Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284741.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the yeasts with major economic, social, and health significance in human culture. Depending on the growth conditions experienced by the cell, S. cerevisiae growth can proceed via fermentative, respirative, or respirofermentative metabolism. Scar formation, unequal division, a limited replicative lifespan, and increase in cell size commensurate with the cell's replicative age are individual characteristics of this yeast affecting the performance of bioprocesses. These characteristics increase the complexity of predictive models and introducing them with ease into a continuous model is not realistic. Nevertheless, an individual-based model is able to accommodate this complexity in a single computational model. Once an individual model is implemented, it has to be parameterized, calibrated, and its adequacy assessed. All these processes ideally require a high number of both individual and system-level experimental observations. The aim of the present thesis is to advance the development of an individual-based methodology to tackle the study of microbial systems driven by the relevant yeast S. cerevisiae.
The adequacy of INDISIM-YEAST, an existing individual-based model of a generic budding yeast, is first assessed. In order to obtain valuable individual-based observations to support the desired individual-based methodology, the diversity of S. cerevisiae in experimental individually-oriented observations under different growth conditions and at different stages of the growth curve is verified and assessed.
A quantitative individual-based model focusing on the fermentative (anaerobic) growth of the yeast S. cerevisiae has been designed, implemented in Fortran 90, and termed INDISIM-Saccha. The developed model is parameterized, calibrated, its adequacy evaluated, and used to assess in silico ethanol production by means of virtual experiments. The calibration procedure, and the performance and analysis of the data from the virtual experiments is undertaken using the statistical programming language R. The model adequacy is assessed by testing several model predictions both at a system level (glucose depletion, population growth curves) and single-cell level (fraction of budded cells, genealogical age distribution, and cell diameter distribution evolutions). Individual cell diameter observations obtained within the present thesis play a significant role in this assessment. Results of the virtual experiments suggest that differences in cell size distribution can drastically affect the performance and productivity of fermentations, and encourage routine characterization of the inocula in the biotechnological industry.
INDISIM-Saccha is also adapted to take into account the aerobic growth of S. cerevisiae and contrasted with two experimental trials with different oxygen levels in the medium. The preliminary simulated results achieved with the model suggest that the approach also has the potential for reproducing aerobic batch cultures of S. cerevisiae. This represents a further step in obtaining a microbial individual-based model to account for the whole set of metabolic alternatives experienced by S. cerevisiae.
In order to communicate efficiently, increase accessibility, and favour usability of the INDISIM-Saccha methodology developed, the present thesis also designs and implements INDISIM-YEAST-NL in the freely available programming environment NetLogo. The implementation of this streamlined model in NetLogo lays the foundations for a deeper understanding of the developed methodology and microbial individual-based models in general, and will facilitate future interactions with potential users of INDISIM-Saccha.El Saccharomyces cerevisiae és un dels llevats que gaudeix de més significació econòmica, social i per a la salut humana. Depenent de les condicions experimentades, el llevat S. cerevisiae pot créixer mitjançant un metabolisme fermentatiu, respiratori o respirofermentatiu. La formació de cicatrius, una divisió desigual, una vida replicativa limitada i un increment de la mida de la cèl.lula amb l’edat replicativa són característiques individuals d’aquest llevat que afecten el comportament dels bioprocessos. Aquestes característiques incrementen la complexitat dels models predictius i dificulten, per tant, la seva inclusió en un model continu de manera realista. No obstant això, un model basat en l’individu sí que és capaç d’acomodar tota aquesta complexitat en un únic model computacional. Una vegada implementat, un model basat en l’individu ha de ser parametritzat, calibrat i la seva adequació ha de ser avaluada. Tots aquests processos requereixen idealment un gran nombre d’observacions experimentals, tant individuals com a nivell del sistema estudiat. L’objectiu general de la tesi present és avançar en el desenvolupament d’una metodologia basada en l’individu per estudiar sistemes microbians conduïts pel llevat S. cerevisiae. Primerament s’avalua l’adequació de INDISIM-YEAST, un model basat en l’individu, ja existent, focalitzat en un llevat genèric. Es verifica i s’avalua la diversitat del S. cerevisiae en observacions experimentals orientades a l’individu en diferents condicions de creixement i en diversos estadis de la corba de creixement de la població. Això permet obtenir observacions basades en l’individu molt valuoses a l’hora de donar suport a la metodologia desitjada. Es desenvolupa i s’implementa en Fortran 90 INDISIM-Saccha, un model quantitatiu basat en l’individu i focalitzat en el creixement fermentatiu (anaerobi) del S. cerevisiae. El model desenvolupat és parametritzat, calibrat, la seva adequació és avaluada i és utilitzat per estudiar in silico la producció d’etanol mitjançant experiments virtuals. El procés de calibratge, l’obtenció i l’anàlisi de les dades dels experiments virtuals s’han realitzat utilitzant el programari estadístic R. L’adequació del model s’avalua testejant diferents prediccions del model a nivell de sistema (corbes de disminució de la glucosa i de creixement de la població) i a nivell de la cèllula individual (evolucions temporals de la fracció de cèl.lules gemades, de la distribució d’edats genealògiques i de la distribució dels diàmetres cel.lulars). Les observacions del diàmetre de les cèl.lules individuals obtingudes a la tesi present juguen un paper significatiu en aquesta avaluació. Els resultats dels experiments virtuals suggereixen que les diferències en la distribució de mides cel.lulars poden afectar dràsticament l’evolució i la productivitat de les fermentacions i suggereixen una caracterització rutinària de l’inòcul a la indústria biotecnològica. L’INDISIM-Saccha també és adaptat per tenir en compte el creixement aeròbic del S. cerevisiae i és contrastat mitjançant dos assajos experimentals amb dos nivells d’oxigen al medi. Els resultats preliminars de la simulació denoten que aquesta aproximació també té el potencial de reproduir cultius discontinus aerobis del S. cerevisiae. Això representa un pas endavant cap a l’obtenció d’un model basat en l’individu que tingui en compte tot el conjunt d’alternatives metabòliques experimentades pel S. cerevisiae. Finalment, aquesta tesi també dissenya i implementa INDISIM-YEAST-NL en l’ambient de programació lliure anomenat NetLogo per tal de comunicar de manera eficient, d’incrementar l’accessibilitat i d’afavorir l’ús de la metodologia INDISIM-Saccha. La implementació d’aquest model simplificat amb NetLogo posa les bases per a una comprensió més alta de la metodologia desenvolupada, i dels models microbians basats en l’individu en general, i facilitarà futures interaccions amb usuaris potencials de l’INDISIM-Saccha.
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Chaim, Omar Cheidde. "Developing competences through individual assessments in an Engineering Education context: creativity and critical thinking." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18157/tde-17012017-105102/.
Full textAbstract:
The demands on engineering professional in the knowledge society do not correspond to those of the last century and to meet them, the engineering education practices must adapt. The accelerated technological evolution and fast change on social and economic contexts corroborate the importance of two key competences in the engineering professions, critical thinking and creativity. The objective of this work is to promote through the comprehension of individual assessment role, techniques and tools the development of both competences in the context of engineering. To promote individual assessment practices that allow such development, this work began with the bibliographic review of education theories, competence development, motivation, engineering demand and assessment theories. With a deeper understanding of these concepts, a discussion on the main practices that can add value to engineering education and the development of critical thinking and creativity in this context. As a research result strategies are proposed to incorporate these practices in engineering courses, taking into account both the objectives of education processes as well as constraints such as time limitations for preparations and activities execution, the size of classrooms, infrastructure and task availability.As demandas da sociedade de conhecimento sobre os profissionais de engenharia são bastante diferentes daquelas presentes no século passado, para atende-las a educação em engenharia deve se adaptar. A acelerada evolução tecnológica e rápida mudança em contextos sociais e econômicos reforça a importância de duas competências que são chave nas profissões de engenharia, pensamento crítico e criatividade. O objetivo deste trabalho é promover através da compreensão do papel e da utilização de técnicas e ferramentas de avaliações individuais o desenvolvimento de ambas competências no contexto de engenharia. Para promover práticas de avaliação individual que permitam tal desenvolvimento, este trabalho se iniciou com revisões bibliográficas dos principais conceitos relacionados às teorias de educação, desenvolvimento de competências, motivação, demandas de engenharia e teorias de avaliação. Com uma compreensão mais profunda sobre estes conceitos inicia-se uma discussão das principais práticas que possam agregar valor à educação em engenharia e ao desenvolvimento de pensamento crítico e criatividade neste contexto. Como resultado de pesquisa são propostas estratégias para incorporar práticas em cursos de engenharia, considerando tanto os objetivos do processo educacional como limitações como tempo para preparação e aplicação de atividades, tamanhos de sala de aula, infraestrutura e disponibilidade de tarefas.
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Sundra, Karean Vanitha Karean. "Individual empowerment in labour law /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18313.pdf.
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Osbelt, Lisa [Verfasser], and Thomas [Gutachter] Fischer. "Influence of the intestinal microbiota composition on the individual susceptibility towards enteric infections in healthy individuals and hematological patients / Lisa Osbelt ; Gutachter: Thomas Fischer." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1226932010/34.
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Williams, Michael R. R. "Alcohol dependency and individual differences." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57979/.
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This research dissertation is carried out on behalf of the Stauros Foundation, a Christian agency which endeavours to offer pastoral care and support to people with an alcohol dependency problem. The sample population consisted of 207 individuals who completed a questionnaire that covered five categories of interest, for example, background biographical, alcohol and family background, drinking habits, effects of drinking habits and perceived pastoral needs.
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Westerman, Stephen J. "Individual differences in human-computer interaction." Thesis, Aston University, 1993. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10853/.
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This thesis initially presents an 'assay' of the literature pertaining to individual differences in human-computer interaction. A series of experiments is then reported, designed to investigate the association between a variety of individual characteristics and various computer task and interface factors. Predictor variables included age, computer expertise, and psychometric tests of spatial visualisation, spatial memory, logical reasoning, associative memory, and verbal ability. These were studied in relation to a variety of computer-based tacks, including: (1) word processing and its component elements; (ii) the location of target words within passages of text; (iii) the navigation of networks and menus; (iv) command generation using menus and command line interfaces; (v) the search and selection of icons and text labels; (vi) information retrieval. A measure of self-report workload was also included in several of these experiments. The main experimental findings included: (i) an interaction between spatial ability and the manipulation of semantic but not spatial interface content; (ii) verbal ability being only predictive of certain task components of word processing; (iii) age differences in word processing and information retrieval speed but not accuracy; (iv) evidence of compensatory strategies being employed by older subjects; (v) evidence of performance strategy differences which disadvantaged high spatial subjects in conditions of low spatial information content; (vi) interactive effects of associative memory, expertise and command strategy; (vii) an association between logical reasoning and word processing but not information retrieval; (viii) an interaction between expertise and cognitive demand; and (ix) a stronger association between cognitive ability and novice performance than expert performance.
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Dwyer, Edward J. "Thinking Time: Focusing Attention on Individual Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1991. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3377.
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Herring, Lesley Virginia. "The existential and postmodern individual." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2371.
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The theories of existentialism and postmodernism seem like very different ideas
at first glance. Existentialism is a philosophy of individuals, while postmodernism is a
theory focused more on society and less on individual existence. In this thesis, I will
show that both of these ideas can be merged together to be seen as an individual
philosophy. Using theories from each philosophical camp, I will describe both the
existential and postmodern being. I will explain characteristics of these individuals and
explain how they function in society. I will use several philosophers to explain this such
as Jean-Paul Sartre and Michel Foucault, and finally, I will discuss The Stranger by
Albert Camus. In The Stranger, the main character, Monsieur Meursault, exhibits the
qualities of both types of individuals. I will use him as an example of the type of person
that emerges from the philosophical ideas of existentialism and postmodernism. I
analyze Meursault through the eyes of both the existentialist and the postmodernist, and
conclude that Meursault personifies the traits and characteristics that are specific to these
philosophies.
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Rourke, J. A. "Learned helplessness and individual differences /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsr862.pdf.
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Brunner, Sabine. "Individual innovativeness and leadership support." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-177232.
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The overall research objective is motivated by two simultaneous developments. On the one hand, due to globalization and fast changing markets, organizations face increasing pressure to stay competitive and to survive in these fast changing environments. To innovate, organizations rely on recruiting and developing their workforce. As the individual is the source of innovation, an ever increasing emphasis is placed upon individual innovativeness and in particular in the investigation of sources of individual innovativeness. Leaders are essential in the promotion of employees´ innovativeness and leadership is proposed as one of the most influential predictors of individual innovativeness. In the view of innovation pressure and demographic changes, it is important for organizations to shed light on their young professionals, especially on their young professionals’ innovativeness, as they are the future workforce. This is especially important for leaders who aim to support the innovativeness of their young professionals. Nevertheless, the importance of young professionals’ innovativeness in the retail industry is still underestimated. Hence, organizations and especially leaders may benefit greatly from being aware of their young professionals’ innovativeness as one possibility to face the challenges of innovation pressure.
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Jin, Jessica. "Corrosive Culture and the Individual." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1215.
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This project explores the delicate balance between individual identity and collective identity as both formal and informal constructs. It narrates the struggle of defining one’s personal identity amidst the powerful social and cultural forces that attempt to prescribe norms and values. In response to this tension between individual values and cultural norms, this work asks: When faced with corrosive cultures, how does the individual shield him or herself from the powerful and often subconscious social power that acts upon us? How can this experience be better understood and navigated?
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Miller, Timothy D. "The Trinity and individual essence." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Parker, Jonathan A. "Individual consumption and aggregate implications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10836.
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Mallon, Eamonn Bernard. "Individual assessments and collective decisions." Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341101.
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Maloberti, Nicolas. "Individual Sovereignty and Political Legitimacy." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1181593400.
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Almerigogna, Jehanne. "The effects of individual and social factors on children's perceptions and suggestibility." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2008. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effects-of-individual-and-social-factors-on-childrens-perceptions-and-suggestibility(d4d4b69c-2f17-4a82-8b38-cd86ae87fe9d).html.
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The four main empirical studies reported in this thesis investigated the effects of interviewer behaviour and children's anxiety on children's perceptions and memory accuracy and suggestibility. The first and third studies explored how different interviewer nonverbal and verbal behaviours were being perceived by children. In these studies, eight- to ten-years-old watched video clips of an interviewer displaying combinations of nonverbal and verbal behaviours defined in the literature as'supportive' (e.g., smiling, positive verbal reinforcement) and 'non-supportive' (e.g.,closed body posture, verbal coercions), and were asked to rate the interviewer on six attributes (e.g., friendliness, strictness). The results from these studies demonstrated that smiling and positive reinforcements received high ratings on the positive attributes (i.e., friendly, sincere, and helpful) and fidgeting and negative reinforcements on the negative attributes (i.e., strict, bored, and stress). The second and fourth studies then examined the effects that these interviewer behaviours had on children's memory accuracy and suggestibility in investigative interviews. Eight- to ten-year-old children participated in a learning activity about the vocal chords. One week later, they were interviewed about the activity by an interviewer adopting either the supportive nonverbal or verbal behaviour or the non-supportive one. This showed that children interviewed by the non-supportive interviewers were less accurate, more suggestible, more likely to falsely report having been touched during the activity, less likely to say that they did not know an answer, and reported feeling more anxious due to the interviewing than those interviewed by the supportive interviewer. Finally, overall, children gave more correct answers to questions about central, as opposed to peripheral, details of the activity. The discussion of the empirical research is then followed by some concluding comments.
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Luo, Lu. "Individual differences in vulnerability to stress." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276827.
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Stahlman, Stephen D. "Adult Sibling Loss: Family Dynamics and Individual Adult Sibling Loss: Family Dynamics and Individual Characteristics." VCU Scholars Compass, 1992. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5527.
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The current study investigated family, individual and sibling relationship variables of adult sibling loss, using a cross-sectional survey design. A purposive sampling procedure was used to recruit adult subjects that had experienced the death of an adult sibling within the last five years. Ninety-four subjects responded to the initial request with 84 subjects returning questionnaires for an 89% response rate. Family variables of communication, cohesion, and adaptability and individual variables of individuation, self esteem as well as level of grief were operationalized using standardized instruments through a mailed questionnaire.
It was predicted that significant relationships would be found between family variables and current level of grief. It was also predicted that individual characteristics (individuation, self esteem, church attendance, and cause of death) would be significantly related to the level of grief.
Characteristics of the sibling relationship (frequency of contact, communication, perceived emotional closeness, geographical proximity, age differential and same sex) were predicted to reveal significant relationships. Bivariate analysis yielded support for only four of the sixteen hypotheses. No family variables were related to the subjects’ level of grief at the time of the survey. The individual characteristics of individuation, self esteem and church attendance were all significantly related to the level of grief. Support was also found for the sibling relationship variable of geographical proximity with level of grief. Multivariate regression analysis was used in testing two models that investigated demographic, family, individual and sibling relationship variables with current level of grief. The first model included all variables that were statistically significant at the bivariate level and relevant demographic variables. In addition, the level of grief at death and the amount of time since death were included in the model. The level of grief at death was the strongest predictor of current level of grief. The first model explained 61.7% of the variability of current level of grief. The second model selected those variables that had significant t-values from the first model. The level of emotional involvement was the strongest predictor of the level of grief at death. This model explained 58% of the variability of current level of grief. The level of grief at death was the strongest predictor of the current level of grief in both models.
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Skinner, Martha. "Exploring individual variation in oral perception." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48736/.
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Diet plays a pivotal role in preventing, managing, and reducing the risk of weight gain, diabetes and heart disease. Increasing pressure is directed towards food manufacturers to offer healthier options. The challenge is to develop products which are both nutritious and accepted by the consumer. Oral sensitivity, and therefore product perception, varies greatly amongst individuals, and likely affects food choice. Taste phenotype and genotype are frequently proposed as markers for overall oral sensitivity. This thesis performs fundamental research to further current understanding of the impact of taste phenotype and genotype on the response to oral stimuli. The effect of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taster status (PTS), fungiform papillae density, TAS2R38 and gustin rs2274333 genotype on the perceived intensity of prototypical tastants and metallic stimuli is explored. Experiments were first conducted to develop oral stimuli for use in the subsequent fMRI studies, which interestingly identified that some metallic stimuli may have a gustatory component. Perceptually, few or no differences were identified across taste phenotypes or genotypes. Interestingly, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) identified variation in cortical processing that was associated with PTS. PROP intensity ratings were found to correlate with cortical activation in the anterior insula, an area of the brain thought to be the primary gustatory cortex, in response to sweet and metallic stimuli, but not for sour, salt, bitter or umami stimuli. These limited differences observed may have been due to the occurrence of a concentration effect, where the increased gustatory sensitivity frequently associated with PROP tasters compared to PROP non-tasters was lost when administering strong supra-threshold stimuli used in the current study. These findings are of interest to food manufacturers and health professionals as they could indicate that taste phenotype and genotype has less impact on product perception, and therefore food choice, than previously proposed. Thermal taster status (TTS) refers to a new taste phenotype in which individuals perceive phantom tastes when the tongue is thermally stimulated, whilst thermal non-tasters (TnTs) only perceive temperature. In this thesis, variation in the phantom tastes reported by thermal tasters (TTs) are explored, and for the first time the temporal phantom taste response is measured. Different categories of temporal taste responses are identified, and interestingly it is shown that phantom tastes are perceived at variable temperature ranges across both TTs and taste qualities. Importantly, the onset of sweet taste was found to occur as the temperature increased between 22-35°C, supporting the hypothesis that the TRPM5 may be involved in sweet phantom taste responses. This is the first study to assess the brain’s response when thermally stimulating the tongue of TTs to elicit a phantom taste response. Interestingly, when using fMRI it is shown that at the time when TTs perceive a phantom taste, cortical activation is induced in the anterior insula, which is thought to be the primary gustatory cortex. This indicates that thermal stimulation may activate temperature sensitive gustatory nerve fibres in TTs, and supports the hypothesis of cross wiring between gustatory and trigeminal nerves. When comparing the cortical response to thermal stimulation of the tongue across TTs and TnTs, greater activation is observed in oral somatosensory areas of the brain in TTs compared to TnTs. These findings show cortical processing differs across thermal taste phenotype, and supports evidence that thermal taster status may be a marker for oral sensitivity. This original research provides a valuable contribution towards understanding the effect of taste phenotype and genotype on perception of prototypical taste, metallic, and thermal stimuli. The novel multidisciplinary approach of utilising sensory evaluation and fMRI techniques has provided valuable insights into the impact of taste phenotype on gustatory responses, and has suggested possible mechanisms that may be involved in thermal taste phenotype.
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Hunter, Myra Sally. "Psychological and somatic experience of the climacteric and postmenopause : predicting individual differences and help seeking behaviour." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1988. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/psychological-and-somatic-experience-of-the-climacteric-and-postmenopause--predicting-individual-differences-and-help-seeking-behaviour(d0657df6-f288-449c-a68c-0e892aea8b17).html.
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Rabie, Osama Bassam J. "Developing a Cyberterrorism Policy: Incorporating Individual Values." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5549.
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Preventing cyberterrorism is becoming a necessity for individuals, organizations, and governments. However, current policies focus on technical and managerial aspects without asking for experts and non-experts values and preferences for preventing cyberterrorism. This study employs value focused thinking and public value forum to bare strategic measures and alternatives for complex policy decisions for preventing cyberterrorism. The strategic measures and alternatives are per socio-technical process.
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Randolph, Adriane. "Individual-Technology Fit: Matching Individual Characteristics and Features of Biometric Interface Technologies with Performance." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cis_diss/11.
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Abstract INDIVIDUAL-TECHNOLOGY FIT: MATCHING INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES OF BIOMETRIC INTERFACE TECHNOLOGIES WITH PERFORMANCE By ADRIANE B. RANDOLPH MAY 2007 Committee Chair: Dr. Melody Moore Jackson Major Department: Computer Information Systems The term biometric literally means “to measure the body”, and has recently been associated with physiological measures commonly used for personal verification and security applications. In this work, biometric describes physiological measures that may be used for non-muscularly controlled computer applications, such as brain-computer interfaces. Biometric interface technology is generally targeted for users with severe motor disabilities which may last long-term due to illness or injury or short-term due to temporary environmental conditions. Performance with a biometric interface can vary widely across users depending upon many factors ranging from health to experience. Unfortunately, there is no systematic method for pairing users with biometric interface technologies to achieve the best performance. The current methods to accommodate users through trial-and-error result in the loss of valuable time and resources as users sometimes have diminishing abilities or suffer from terminal illnesses. This dissertation presents a framework and methodology that links user characteristics and features of biometric interface technologies with performance, thus expediting the technology-fit process. The contributions include an outline of the underlying components of capturing and representing individual user characteristics and the impact on the performance of basic interaction tasks using a methodology called biometric user profiling. In addition, this work describes a methodology for objectively measuring an individual’s ability to control a specific biometric interface technology such as one based on measures of galvanic skin response or neural activity. Finally, this work incorporates these concepts into a new individual-technology fit framework for biometric interface technologies stemming from literature on task-technology fit. Key words: user profiles, biometric user profiling, biometric interfaces, fit, individual-technology fit, galvanic skin response, functional near-infrared, brain-computer interface
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Randolph, Adriane B. "Individual-technology fit matching individual characteristics and features of biometric interface technologies with performance /." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05182007-113229/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Melody Moore, committee chair; Detmar Straub, Veda Storey, Bruce Walker, committee members. Electronic text (166 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 5, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-164).
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King, Andrew Jonathan. "Spatial hearing and temporal processing in old and hearing-impaired individuals." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/spatial-hearing-and-temporal-processing-in-old-and-hearingimpaired-individuals(156ec05b-e6e8-466d-9025-d2d176f435d4).html.
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Small timing differences occur when sounds reach one ear before the other, creating interaural phase differences (IPDs). The phase-locked activity in the auditory nerve can, at low frequencies, preserve IPDs. IPDs are used for localising and separating sounds from different directions. Chapters 3, 5, and 6 report three studies of the independent effects of age and sensorineural hearing loss on the temporal processing of sound that aids spatial hearing. Chapters 2 and 4 describe two supporting methodological studies. Chapter 2 compared the duration of training required for stable IPD-discrimination thresholds for two stimulus presentation procedures. The procedure requiring the least training was adopted for subsequent studies. Age and hearing loss are related and both may affect sensitivity to IPDs. Chapter 3 demonstrated that hearing loss, regardless of listener age, is related to poorer sensitivity to IPDs in the temporal fine structure (TFS), but not in the temporal envelope. Chapter 3 also showed that age, independent of hearing loss, is related to poorer envelope-IPD sensitivity at low modulation rates, and somewhat poorer TFS-IPD sensitivity. In Chapter 5, listener age and IPD sensitivity were both compared to subcortical neural phase locking measured through the frequency-following response (FFR). Phase coherence in the envelope-FFR at 145 Hz modulation and in the TFS-FFR deteriorated with age, suggesting less precise phase locking in old age. However, age-related changes to IPD sensitivity were not strongly related to age-related changes in FFR phase coherence. IPD sensitivity declines may be predominantly caused by deterioration of binaural processing independent of subcortical phase locking. Chapter 4 showed that electrodes at the mastoids recorded TFS-FFR generated earlier in the auditory pathway than electrodes from the nape of the neck to forehead, which recorded FFR generated later in the brainstem. However, these electrode montages did not reveal different age- or hearing-loss-related FFR deficits in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 determined whether hearing loss affected the ability to use TFS IPDs to achieve better speech perception. On average, old hearing-impaired listeners gained a small, but significant, benefit from a lateral separation of the speech sources. Replacing the TFS with binaurally in-phase sine waves (removing the TFS IPDs) significantly reduced the benefit of lateral separation. How much a listener benefitted from intact TFS IPDs in speech perception was strongly related to the extent of their hearing loss at low frequencies and their monaural processing of TFS, but not to their ability to discriminate IPDs. In general, this thesis shows that low-frequency hearing loss is associated with poor sensitivity to TFS IPDs and the ability to benefit from them when sounds are laterally separated. The thesis also shows that old age can reduce sensitivity to IPDs and weaken subcortical temporal coding. Although only partly related, these effects are likely to cause problems for old individuals in challenging listening environments.
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Dann, P. L. "Cerebral asymmetry and individual differences in reading." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383783.
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Dorn, Lisa. "Individual and group differences in driving behaviour." Thesis, Aston University, 1992. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10852/.
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Road traffic accident involvement rates show that younger males are over represented in accidents. A number of studies have shown individual differences in accident involvement. Questionnaire-based methods to investigate individual and group differences in driver stress and risk perceptions reported in chapter 2 and 3 revealed that neuroticism was associated with; heightened perception of personal risk, driver stress, and inefficient coping strategies. Younger drivers and female drivers reported higher levels of stress. Young male drivers assessed their personal risk and driving abilities less realistically than did other age and sex groups. Driving simulator-based methods reported in chapter 4 revealed that young drivers and male drivers; drive faster, overtake more often, and commit more `high risk' overtakes than do other age and sex groups. Middle-aged and elderly drivers were poorer at maintaining a fixed distance from a lead `vehicle'. Older drivers adopt a slower, more cautious driving style, but appear to be worse at controlling distance from a `lead' vehicle. Results are consistent with individual and group differences in accident involvement rates. Findings are discussed with reference to the implementation of driver education programs to reduce stress, the adoption of more realistic perceptions of risk among younger drivers, and the training of compensation strategies to counteract age-related changes in older drivers.
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Ripley, Jerry W. "Teacher Perceptions of Individual Professional Learning Plans." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2949.
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The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine PK-12 teacher perceptions of an individual professional learning plan (PLP). Specifically, the researcher examined the perceived benefits of the PLP as well as the whether the PLP helped focus teacher learning. Additionally, the researcher examined teacher perceptions of learning activities within the context of the PLP, teacher intent to implement new learning, and perceived impact on teaching practice. Participants in this study were teachers from 16 schools in a single eastern Tennessee school district. All data were collected using an online survey distributed to 525 teachers resulting in a 44% return rate with 238 respondents. Data collected from 24 survey questions measured on a 4-point Likert-type scale were analyzed using single sample t tests.
Findings indicate that regardless of level of experience or grade level taught teachers have significantly positive perceptions of PLPs as well as the associated PD activities. Findings also indicate teachers have significant perceptions of the application of their learning and significant perceived impact from PD within PLPs.