Relevant bibliographies by topics / Individual variability

Academic literature on the topic 'Individual variability'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Individual variability"

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Cohen, J. John. "Individual Variability and Immunity." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 13, no. 2 (June 1999): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brbi.1999.0561.

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Gatzia, Dimitria Electra. "The Individual Variability Problem." Philosophia 38, no. 3 (February 2, 2010): 533–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11406-009-9234-0.

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Galster, Jason. "Individual Variability in Aided Outcomes." Seminars in Hearing 34, no. 02 (April 22, 2013): 065–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1341343.

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Green, David W. "Individual variability and neuroplastic changes." Applied Psycholinguistics 35, no. 5 (August 19, 2014): 910–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716414000228.

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An important proposal in the insightful Keynote Article by Baum and Titone is that the field of bilingualism research needs to attend more closely to intersubject variability in order to understand the nature of neuroplastic changes in the brains of bilingual speakers as they age. I agree. Understanding such variability and its drivers (such as the contexts of language use that Baum and Titone nicely comment on in the Montreal milieu) will help us develop theoretical accounts of the cognitive control processes recruited in bilingual speakers and establish how adaptive changes to these processes mediate the effects of normal aging; yield protective effects against neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer disease; and modulate language recovery poststroke in bilingual speakers. In this commentary I explore some aspects of this variability and commend, in line with the views expressed in the Keynote Article, the value of relating behavioral indices to whole brain structural magnetic resonance imaging for enriching our understanding of experience-dependent changes. Allied to tractography studies, such research can help us develop a rich picture of the major drivers of neuroplastic changes.
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Zilles, Karl, and Katrin Amunts. "Individual variability is not noise." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 17, no. 4 (April 2013): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.02.003.

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Uchmański, Janusz. "Individual variability and population regulation: an individual-based model." Oikos 90, no. 3 (September 2000): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900312.x.

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Uchmański, Janusz. "Individual variability and metapopulation dynamics: An individual-based model." Ecological Modelling 334 (August 2016): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.04.019.

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Haar, Shlomi, Opher Donchin, and Ilan Dinstein. "Individual Movement Variability Magnitudes Are Explained by Cortical Neural Variability." Journal of Neuroscience 37, no. 37 (August 18, 2017): 9076–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1650-17.2017.

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Henriksen, Rie, Andrey Höglund, Jesper Fogelholm, Robin Abbey-Lee, Martin Johnsson, Niels J. Dingemanse, and Dominic Wright. "Intra-Individual Behavioural Variability: A Trait under Genetic Control." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 8069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218069.

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When individuals are measured more than once in the same context they do not behave in exactly the same way each time. The degree of predictability differs between individuals, with some individuals showing low levels of variation around their behavioural mean while others show high levels of variation. This intra-individual variability in behaviour has received much less attention than between-individual variability in behaviour, and very little is known about the underlying mechanisms that affect this potentially large but understudied component of behavioural variation. In this study, we combine standardized behavioural tests in a chicken intercross to estimate intra-individual behavioural variability with a large-scale genomics analysis to identify genes affecting intra-individual behavioural variability in an avian population. We used a variety of different anxiety-related behavioural phenotypes for this purpose. Our study shows that intra-individual variability in behaviour has a direct genetic basis that is largely unique compared to the genetic architecture for the standard behavioural measures they are based on (at least in the detected quantitative trait locus). We identify six suggestive candidate genes that may underpin differences in intra-individual behavioural variability, with several of these candidates having previously been linked to behaviour and mental health. These findings demonstrate that intra-individual variability in behaviour appears to be a heritable trait in and of itself on which evolution can act.
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Spahr, Kimberly S., Christopher D. Wickens, Benjamin A. Clegg, and C. A. P. Smith. "Individual Differences in Estimating Numeric Variability." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641184.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Individual variability"

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Moss, Rachel Ann. "Intra-individual reaction time variability in sustained attention." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4083.

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BACKGROUND: Sustained attention, assessed using the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), is impaired in 'normal' ageing and, to a greater degree, in a number of clinical disorders. There are many variants of the CPT, each with different task parameters (e.g., target frequency), and theoretical cognitive demands (e.g., executive functioning). It is unclear how the associated cognitive load of CPTs contributes to measures of attentional impairment, such as intra-individual variability (IIV) in reaction time (RT). There is potential clinical utility in measures of IIV, due to its relationship with increasing age, and brain white matter. Variability can be modelled using the ex-Gaussian distribution, and consists of three parameters: mu (mean RT), and IIV, decomposed into variability across the entire RT distribution (sigma), and characterised by infrequent and long RTs (tau). This thesis aims to examine how the multiple cognitive demands of CPTs contributes to attentional RT/IIV, and how this relationship interacts with age, as well as pathology. The thesis aims are explored in healthy and clinical populations characterised by sustained attention impairment associated with increasing age ('normal' ageing and Parkinson's disease (PD)), or in theoretical 'accelerated ageing' (Bipolar disorder (BD) while depressed and in remission). METHODS: Sustained attention was assessed in five cross-sectional studies, using variants of the CPT. Secondary neuropsychological measures of executive functioning, processing speed, and verbal memory were administered. Ex-Gaussian distributional parameters (mu, sigma, and tau) obtained from CPT RTs were analysed. A series of hierarchical regression analyses were examined. RESULTS: (1) In 'normal' ageing, better performance on the secondary neuropsychological measures was associated with faster RT (mu) and more consistent responding (sigma, tau), but this varied across CPT. Similar results were obtained for the effect of age on RT and IIV. (2) In PD, better executive functioning was associated with consistent responding (tau), whilst age was associated with slower (mu) and inconsistent (tau) responding. (3) In BD (while depressed), better executive functioning was associated with slower responding (mu), and better processing speed with consistent responding (tau), whilst age did not explain variance in RT or IIV. (4) In BD (in remission), the secondary neuropsychological measures examined did not explain variance in RT or IIV, nor did age. vi CONCLUSIONS: Attentional RT and IIV in 'normal' ageing and in clinical populations such as PD and BD, may be supported by secondary neuropsychological processes theorised to be involved in CPT variants. The neuropsychological profile underpinning attentional RT and IIV may reflect secondary cognitive scaffolding mechanisms, engaged depending on the age of participants, rather than the cognitive load of the task per se. The results have implications for our understanding of attentional RT and IIV in 'normal' ageing and pathology. Future research would further our understanding on the use of cognitive scaffolding in relation to the CPT, as well as the stability, reliability, and neurobiological origins of RT and IIV.
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Jouvet, Lionel. "Mytilus edulis haemocytes variability : technique, individual and environment." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2367.

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The widely distributed marine bivalve Mytilus edulis is used as a sentinel organism for ecological and toxicological assessments. As a filter feeder, it has the potential to bio-accumulate pollutants. It has been assumed that the cell concentration and cell type ratio of its circulating immune cells, haemocytes, could become complementary sub-lethal indicators of toxicology. These two parameters are respectively referred to as total haemocyte count (THC) and differential cell count (DCC). This study examines these commonly used methods, quantifies their limitations, and develops alternative techniques. The circulating immune cells are investigated to assess their fluctuations. Finally, impacts of environmental challenges on the circulating haemocytes are examined. Despite its importance in the field of Mytilus edulis immunology, THC evaluation is present in only 20% of publications in this field, and DCC in 10%. Ultimately, only 9% of papers consider both THC and DCC before further analyses. The remaining studies disregard THC and DDC, or regard these parameters as being constant and homogenous in M. edulis populations. This study initially quantifies the systematic error induced by sampling, and suggests improvements. For example, a systematic error of 26% is attributed to the use of low precision syringes, and can be reduced with use of higher precision sampling equipment. While the systematic errors in visual count and image analysis of THC and DCC evaluations are equivalent, the computerised methods allow the throughput of larger data sets, reduce workload, and avoid tedious eye counts. Flow cytometry was found to be the most accurate method in THC and DCC evaluation. Furthermore, repeated bleedings influence DCC, triggering the decrease of circulating eosinophils (up to 20%) and the increase of hyaline cells (up to 30%). To mitigate this reaction to sampling, a maximum volume of 50μl using a permanent cannulation is recommended. However, even with improved methods reducing systematic error by half, this study still reports variations as high as 20-fold in the haemocyte concentration in populations of healthy individuals. In addition, over a 2-hour period in a single cannulated individual, fluctuation of the DDC is observed to be as high as 30% for eosinophils, 10% for hyaline cells, and 20% for basophils. These measured variations are explained by haemocyte reservoirs in the tissues. Eosinophils are found in large numbers in epithelial association in the gills, guts and in the mantle, where their numbers have been evaluated at 3x10 7 As a case study, Mytilus edulis challenged with barium sulphate smothering, used by the oil industry in drilling muds, shows gill damage and their subsequent infiltration by eosinophils. In bacterial outbreak, basophilic cells are observed to infiltrate the tissue surrounding the stomach and eosinophils are depleted from the epithelium of the digestive tissues. THC is 10-fold lower than in healthy organisms and eosinophils are depleted from the haemolymph. cells. In conclusion, the THC and DDC methods are shown to be unreliable despite the use of more accurate methods. In addition, Mytilus edulis circulating haemocytes present large variations and the assumption of their homogeneity in terms of time, individuals or methods used cannot be made. These results challenge the conclusions of many past publications regarding causalities established between potential stresses and measured effects. Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms regulating the circulating haemocytes, the inter-individual variability and to improve investigation methods.
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Alkhaldy, Areej. "Inter-individual variability of polyphenol metabolism and colonic health." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5763/.

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It has been proposed that polyphenol-rich foods have a role in disease prevention and are associated with health benefits due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and antibacterial properties. However, associated health benefits depend on their intake, metabolism, and bioavailability. The metabolism and the bioavailability of polyphenols have been studied in young adults and show substantial variability. As the majority of polyphenols are metabolised in the colon, this may result in different bioactive microbial metabolites in the large intestine where they may have an impact on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This variability could be due to: 1) dietary habits including intake polyphenol-rich foods; 2) ethnic-specific colonic microbiota; and 3) ageing and its effect on colonic physiology. Little is known about the impact of ethnicity, ageing, and the risk of CRC on polyphenol metabolism. Therefore, this thesis aimed to investigate the effect of the factors that could have an impact on the colonic metabolism of dietary polyphenols in a human feeding study measuring the biomarkers of polyphenol metabolism, colonic fermentation, and gut health; and an in-vitro faecal fermentation study measuring the colonic metabolites of quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin). The first aim of this thesis (Chapter 3) was to examine the effect of ethnicity (Europeans versus Indians) on polyphenol metabolism. The findings of this study suggest that ethnicity could have a role on the colonic metabolism of polyphenols which could be due to the differences in disease incidence between countries such as the lowest risk of CRC in India among the world. The Indian group excreted less urinary phenolic acid after the high-polyphenol diet compared to the Europeans; however, Indians were more capable and faster in metabolizing rutin in the in-vitro model. This could be due to the differences in: 1. Genetics and its effect on gastrointestinal tract absorption. 2. Gut microbiota, as Indians have a significantly higher level of Bifidobacterium. 3. Gut environment, in particular the colonic pH and SCFA could have an influence as the colonic pH was lower in the Indian group. 4. Cultural daily diet between groups, as Indians significantly consumed a high amount of onions, tomatoes, chillies, spices, curry-based products, and yoghurt. These food types are high in polyphenols, fibre, and probiotics. The second study of this thesis aimed to investigate the effect of ageing on polyphenol metabolism. The results suggest another factor, ageing, which could influence the colonic metabolism of polyphenols. The older group excreted less urinary phenolic acid and some of the acid was not detected in certain of the participants’ urine compared to the younger group. However, the sum of the phenolic acid that formed after the faecal fermentation of rutin was not significantly different between the groups. This could suggest different reasons behind these variations. First, the lack of absorption of some phenolic acids by the older group as ageing was shown to decrease the colonic absorption. Secondly, the effect of ageing on gut microbiota composition and function. Thirdly, changes in dietary habits and physical activity may be influenced by ageing. Thus, this may suggest that older people can have fewer benefits of polyphenol metabolites which could be associated with an increase in risk for age-related diseases including CRC. As the risk of CRC is different between countries and increases with age, the supportive findings of the first and second study suggest that ethnicity and ageing could have a role on the metabolism of polyphenols so this raises the questions whether a low intake of polyphenols can be one of the factors that may lead to CRC, or whether polyphenols can reduce the risk of CRC due to their colonic health benefits. Therefore, the last study examined the metabolism of polyphenols on patients who are at risk of CRC (history of polyps). No significant differences were observed between the healthy control and polypectomy groups in terms of the sum urinary phenolic acid excretion and phenolic acid formation in the faecal fluids. However, some phenolic acids were not detected in all of the urine samples of the polypectomy group as well as one acid in the faecal fermentation fluids, while some of the acids were not detected in few participants in the healthy group. No hard conclusion can be made from this study due to the small sample size. However, this study gives us an idea that there could be differences if a larger sample size were used. Therefore, more studies are needed to determine the effect of CRC risk as being one of the factors that can influence the metabolism of polyphenols. In conclusion, the work of this thesis showed that ethnicity, ageing, and gut health are likely some of the key factors that could contribute to the variations in polyphenol metabolism which were observed previously by many in-vivo and in-vitro studies. These variations could result in bioavailability variation and consequential differences in the biological activity of polyphenol metabolites leading to differences in health and optimal health among individuals.
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Brothers, Michael Dunton. "Acclimatization to moderate altitude: Physiological implications and individual variability." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3256402.

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Klein, Simon. "Causes and consequences of individual forager variability in social bees." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30099/document.

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Chez les pollinisateurs sociaux, comme l'abeille domestique (Apis mellifera L.) et le bourdon terrestre (Bombus terrestris L.), mes deux modèles d'étude, différents individus sont spécialisés dans différentes tâches. Il est admis que différents types de comportement de butinage contribuent à une optimisation des performances de la colonie. Actuellement, les populations de pollinisateurs sont exposées à des stress environnementaux, qui sont connus pour perturber le comportement des individus en visant directement leur cognition. Il est ainsi crucial de mieux comprendre comment les colonies d'abeilles et de bourdons maintiennent une activité de butinage efficace, et quels sont les effets de stress environnementaux sur les butineuses. Dans cette thèse, j'ai donc examiné les différentes stratégies de butinage pour différentes sources de nourriture, pollen et nectar, et les variabilités interindividuelles dans le comportement de butinage. Je me suis aussi intéressé à l'impact de stress tels que les pesticides sur l'efficacité de butinage. J'ai utilisé la technologie RFID pour suivre le comportement des abeilles tout au long de leur vie. J'ai trouvé que les colonies d'abeilles et de bourdons reposent sur un petit groupe d'individus très actifs qui fournissent la majorité de la nourriture pour la colonie. Chez les abeilles, ces individus très actifs sont aussi plus efficaces pour collecter nectar et pollen. J'ai aussi identifié l'existence de différentes stratégies pour la collecte de pollen ou de nectar. Ensuite, j'ai pu montrer que les bourdons ont des différences interindividuelles très marquées dans un test de navigation, une tâche cruciale dans le comportement de butinage. Finalement, j'ai testé l'effet néfaste de pesticides sur l'apprentissage visuel chez l'abeille. Cette thèse a pour but de mieux comprendre les causes de vulnérabilité des pollinisateurs aux stress environnementaux. Mes résultats soulignent le besoin de considérer la diversité comportementale comme une adaptation des espèces de pollinisateurs sociaux, mais aussi comme une potentielle cause de vulnérabilité de la colonie vis-à-vis des stress
In social insects, such as bees, different individuals specialise in the collection of different resources, and it is assumed that natural behavioural variability among foragers contributes to a self-organised optimisation of colony performance. Currently, bee populations are facing an increasing number of environmental stressors, known to disturb the behaviour of individuals, presumably upon their impact on cognitive capacities. Hence it is important to learn more about how stressors impact on individual foraging behaviour to understand how a colony maintains effective nutrition and development. In this thesis in cognitive ecology, I examined the different foraging strategies for the different macronutrient sources, pollen and nectar, and the inter-individual variation in bee foraging performance. I also looked at how stressors, such as pesticides, can impact on bee foraging efficiency. I compared two social Hymenoptera that vary in their level of social complexity: the European honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) and the buffed-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris L.). I used Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) to automatically track the foraging behaviour of bees throughout their life. I found that honey bee and bumblebee colonies rely on a subset of very active bees to supply the whole colony needs. In honey bees, these foragers are more efficient and collect more pollen. I also identified different strategies for pollen or nectar collection in both species. Using manipulative experiments, I then showed that bees exhibit consistent inter-individual different behaviours in a spatial learning task and that pesticides impair visual learning. My thesis aims at better explaining the causes of vulnerability of pollinators to sublethal pesticides and other environmental stressors. The results highlight the need for considering behavioural diversity as an adaptation for social insects, as well as a potential dimension of colony-level vulnerability to environmental stressors that can impair the whole colony nutritional balance
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Chaikan, Ammara. "Uniderstanding inter-individual variability in the pharmacokinetics of protease inhibitors." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548778.

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Dykiert, Dominika. "Determinants and correlates of intra-individual variability in reaction time." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5919.

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Traditionally, reaction time (RT) was conceived of as an average speed of a number of responses made by an individual, or mean RT. Increasingly, however, intraindividual variability in reaction time (RT IIV) – the consistency of responses by a single person across trials – is used as an additional or even alternative measure. RT IIV is often found to be elevated in a number of conditions that affect the central nervous system functioning, such as traumatic brain injury or neurodegenerative diseases. It can predict change in cognitive performance in ageing, progression from normal ageing to mild cognitive impairment, and even death. Therefore, RT IIV may be of great practical importance. However, RT IIV and mean RT are correlated; therefore it is often problematic to draw conclusions about unique associations between these and other variables. One objective of the work presented in this thesis was to investigate determinants and correlates of simple and choice RT IIV and to test which associations may be accounted for by the individual differences in mean RT. The first investigation was concerned with age differences in RT IIV. Following a systematic review of literature, a series of meta-analyses demonstrated that older individuals (aged 60 years and above) have greater RT IIV than young or middle-aged adults in simple and choice RT tasks. The effects were reduced but still significant when RT IIV was adjusted for mean RT. The next study was a cross-sectional investigation of the associations between age and RT IIV, as well as of sex differences in RT IIV, across the lifespan in participants ranging in age from 4 to 75. Non-linear effects of age were found for RT IIV measures, such that variability decreased with age in children and increased with age in older adults. A novel finding from this study was that sex differences in RT IIV were present among adults but not children, suggesting that there might be an age threshold at which sexes diverge in their RT IIV trajectories. The results also indicated that findings regarding RT IIV may differ depending on the variability measure used (that is, whether and how mean RT is controlled). The second study on the same sample investigated variability on a trial-by-trial basis. Specifically, it tested the hypothesis that sex differences in variability are due to females being disproportionately slower at the first trial which inflates their overall RT IIV. This hypothesis was not supported. Another investigation used longitudinal data from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study. Three cohorts of individuals aged approximately 15, 35 and 55, were followed up for 20 years and had RT data collected at four occasions. Analyses confirmed non-linear effects of age on RT IIV found in the earlier cross-sectional investigation. The final study investigated the effect of high altitude on RT IIV. It found that altitude-related increase in RT IIV is fully accounted for by general slowing of RT at high altitude. The overall pattern of results obtained from the investigations suggests that RT IIV increases with age in adults and that not all of the increase is due to general slowing. Moreover, the results show that sex differences in RT IIV are not uniform across the lifespan. Finally, whereas associations of RT IIV with some variables, for example age, are relatively robust to controlling for mean RT, others are fully attenuated by such practice.
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Ulman, Sophia Marie. "Gait Variability for Predicting Individual Performance in Military-Relevant Tasks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94346.

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Human movement is inherently complex, requiring the control and coordination of many neurophysiological and biomechanical degrees-of-freedom, and the extent to which individuals exhibit variation in their movement patterns is captured by the construct of motor variability (MV). MV is being used increasingly to describe movement quality and function among clinical populations and elderly individuals. However, current evidence presents conflicting views on whether increased MV offers benefits or is a hindrance to performance. To better understand the utility of MV for performance prediction, we focused on current research needs in the military domain. Dismounted soldiers, in particular, are expected to perform at a high level in complex environments and under demanding physical conditions. Hence, it is critical to understand what strategies allow soldiers to better adapt to fatigue and diverse environmental factors, and to develop predictive tools for estimating changes in soldier performance. Different aspects of performance such as motor learning, experience, and adaptability to fatigue were investigated when soldiers performed various gait tasks, and gait variability (GV) was quantified using four different types of measures (spatiotemporal, joint kinematics, detrended fluctuation analysis, and Lyapunov exponents). During a novel obstacle course task, we found that frontal plane coordination variability of the hip-knee and knee-ankle joint couples exhibited strong association with rate of learning the novel task, explaining 62% of the variance, and higher joint kinematic variability during the swing phase of baseline gait was associated with faster learning rate. In a load carriage task, GV measures were more sensitive than average gait measures in discriminating between experience and load condition: experienced cadets exhibited reduced GV (in spatiotemporal measures and joint kinematics) and lower long-term local dynamic stability at the ankle, compared to the novice group. In the final study investigating multiple measures of obstacle performance, and variables predictive of changes in performance following intense whole-body fatigue, joint kinematic variability of baseline gait explained 28-59% of the variance in individual performances changes. In summary, these results support the feasibility of anticipating and augmenting task performance based on individual motor variability. This work also provides guidelines for future research and the development of training programs specifically for improving military training, performance prediction, and performance enhancement.
Doctor of Philosophy
All people move with some level of inherent variability, even when doing the same activity, and the extent to which individuals exhibit variation in their movement patterns is captured by the construct of motor variability (MV). MV is being increasingly used to describe movement quality and function among clinical populations and elderly individuals. However, it is still unclear whether increased MV offers benefits or is a hindrance to performance. To better understand the utility of MV for performance prediction, we focused on current research needs in the military domain. Dismounted soldiers, in particular, are expected to perform at a high level in complex environments and under demanding physical conditions. Hence, it is critical to understand what strategies allow soldiers to better adapt to fatigue and diverse environmental factors, and to develop tools that might predict changes in soldier performance. Different aspects of performance were investigated, including learning a new activity, experience, and adaptability to fatigue, and gait variability was quantified through different approaches. When examining how individual learn a novel obstacle course task, we found that certain aspects of gait variability had strong associations with learning rate. In a load carriage task, variability measures were determined to be more sensitive to difference in experience level and load condition compared to typical average measures of gait. Specifically, variability increased with load, and the experienced group was less variable overall and more stable in the long term. Lastly, a subset of gait variability measures were associated with individual differences in fatigue-related changes in performance during an obstacle course. In summary, the results presented here support that it may be possible to both anticipate and enhance task performance based on individual variability. This work also provides guidelines for future research and the development of training programs specifically for improving military training, performance prediction, and performance enhancement.
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Lord-Maes, Janiece Marie. "Short latency evoked potentials and intra-individual variability in children." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184623.

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Individual differences in learning with a focus on neuropsychologic anomalies underlying learning strategies has been receiving attention in recent years. As a result, interest has increased in quantifying and analyzing cognitive behavior more directly. One of the tools that measures brain activity directly is the evoked potential (EP). This study investigated the EP recorded from the brainstem region, often referred to as brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER). The importance of BAERs in detecting pathology in the brainstem has been well documented. BAERs have also been advocated as an important tool in the electrophysiological assessment of children's brainstem function relative to learning disorders. BAER latencies were recorded, therefore, from a small group of average children and studied in relation to the BAER stability overtime. Intra-individual differences were compared to between-subject differences. So little BAER research has been performed with children that more studies are needed just to clarify normal variability of BAER parameters. The present investigation studied intra-individual differences in the stability of BAER latencies over time in young subjects with normal hearing, for comparing with and contrasting to previous results from a study using an adult sample. BAER latencies were recorded for left, right, and binaural ear presentations. A coefficient of stability (CS) was calculated for each peak, for each ear over time. ANOVA results showed significance for peak and peak by ear interaction. Several BAER parameters were examined within-subjects that may not be revealed in studies between-subjects. Profiles for intra-aural differences over time showed individual differences in the stability of the BAER. Although there appeared to be a trend toward inter-ear differences the differences did not reach significance. The profiles indicated considerable intra-aural pattern replicability, and a trend toward increase in stability over time. The results supported a need for future research on laterality studies, more age specific normative data and correlational studies in relation to individual cognitive differences.
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Aglieri, Virginia. "Behavioural and neural inter-individual variability in voice perception processes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0176/document.

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Chez l'homme, la voix facilite les interactions sociales par la transmission d’informations sur l'identité de la personne, ses émotions ou sa personnalité. En particulier, l'identité du locuteur peut être automatiquement extraite même lorsque le message et l'état émotionnel varient, ce qui suggère des mécanismes cognitifs et cérébraux partiellement dissociables pour ces processus. Cependant, la reconnaissance d'une voix familière ou la discrimination entre deux locuteurs sont, pour certains sujets, non seulement non-automatiques, mais même impossibles. Ce déficit, lorsqu'il se manifeste dès la naissance, est appelé phonagnosie du développement et constitue la contrepartie auditive de la prosopagnosie (déficit de reconnaissance des visages). Dans le domaine visuel, il a été proposé que les sujets affectés par la prosopagnosie du développement représentent des cas extrêmes dans la distribution des capacités de reconnaissance de visages. A l’inverse, des "super-reconnaisseurs" des visages se situaient à l’opposé de cette distribution.Comme la distribution des capacités de reconnaissance de la voix dans la population générale était encore inconnue, le premier objectif de cette thèse a été d'en étudier les différences individuelles au moyen d'un court test - le Glasgow Voice Memory Test (GVMT). Les résultats obtenus ont reflété une large variabilité interindividuelle dans les capacités de reconnaissance des voix: parmi une cohorte de 1120 sujets, il y avait à la fois des sujets avec des performances significativement en dessous de la moyenne (potentiels phonagnosiques) et des "super-reconnaisseurs" des voix. Cette variabilité individuelle comportementale semblerait se refléter au niveau cérébral, comme révélés par l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) : en fait, il a été montré précédemment qu'il existait une variabilité interindividuelle considérable dans le signal BOLD (blood-oxygen level dependent) lié à la voix dans les zones temporales de la voix (TVAs). Ces régions sont situées sur le bord supérieur des sulcus/gyrus temporal supérieur (STS/STG) et montrent une activation préférentielle pour les sons vocaux plutôt que non vocaux. Le deuxième objectif de ce travail fut de mieux caractériser le lien entre les mécanismes comportementaux et neuronaux sous-tendant la variabilité interindividuelle dans les processus de reconnaissance des voix. Pour cela, nous avons examiné comment la perception de la voix modulait la connectivité fonctionnelle entre les TVAs, constituant le "noyau" du réseau de perception de la voix, et les régions frontales également sensibles aux voix, constituant une extension de ce réseau. Les résultats ont montré qu'il y avait une connectivité fonctionnelle positive dans l'ensemble du réseau et que la connectivité fonctionnelle fronto-temporelle et fronto-frontale droite augmentait avec les scores obtenus lors du GVMT.Pour compléter ce travail, nous avons réalisé une autre étude IRMf en utilisant des analyses multivariées, afin de clarifier les corrélats neuronaux de la reconnaissance du locuteur mais aussi le lien entre sensibilité cérébrale à la voix et capacités de reconnaissance du locuteur. Pour cela, des sujets ayant des capacités de reconnaissance vocale hétérogènes ont été soumis à la fois à une tâche d'identification du locuteur et à une tâche d'écoute passive de sons vocaux et non vocaux. Les résultats ont confirmé que l’identification du locuteur s’effectuait via un réseau étendu de régions, incluant les TVAs mais aussi des régions frontales. De plus, nous avons observé que le score de classification voix/non-voix dans le STS droit permettait de prédire les capacités d'identification des locuteurs.Dans l'ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent que les capacités de reconnaissance vocale varient considérablement d'un individu à l'autre et que cette variabilité pourrait être le reflet de profils d’activité cérébrale différents au sein du réseau de la perception de la voix
In humans, voice conveys heterogeneous information such as speaker’s identity, which can be automatically extracted even when language content and emotional state vary. We hypothesized that the ability to recognize a speaker considerably varied across the population, as previously observed for face recognition. To test this hypothesis, a short voice recognition test was delivered to 1120 subjects in order to observe how voice recognition abilities were distributed in the general population. Since it has been previously observed that there exists a considerable inter-individual variability in voice-elicited activity in temporal voice areas (TVAs), regions along the superior temporal sulcus/gyrus (STS/STG) that show preferentially activation for voices than other sounds, the second aim of this work was then to better characterize the link between the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying inter-individual variability in voice recognition processes through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results of a first fMRI study showed that functional connectivity between frontal and temporal voice sensitive regions increased with voice recognition scores obtained at a voice recognition test. Another fMRI study showed that speaker’s identity was treated in an extended network of regions, including TVAs but also frontal regions and that voice/non-voice classification accuracy in right STS increased with speaker identification abilities. Altogether, these results suggest that voice recognition abilities considerably vary across subjects and that this variability can be mirrored by different neural profiles within the voice perception network
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Books on the topic "Individual variability"

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Wong, Judy M. Y. Inter-individual variability of carbonyl reductase activity. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.

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Carr, Karen. Individual variability in visual search with irrelevant stimuli. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1989.

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F, Sing Charles, and Hanis Craig L, eds. Genetics of cellular, individual, family, and population variability. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

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B, Seleka Tebogo, and New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Dept. of Agricultural Economics., eds. Agricultural diversity and cash receipt variability for individual states. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1993.

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Tauer, Loren W. Agricultural diversity and cash receipt variability for individual states. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural, Resource, and Managerial Economics, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1994.

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Kovalev, E. E. Estimation of radiation risk based on the concept of individual variability of radiosenitivity. Bethesda, Md: Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, 1996.

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Kovalev, E. E. Estimation of radiation risk based on the concept of individual variability of radiosensitivity. Bethesda, Md: Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, 1996.

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Kovalev, E. E. Estimation of radiation risk based on the concept of individual variability of radiosenitivity. Bethesda, Md: Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, 1996.

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Riedmaier, Arian Emami. Characterization of organic anion transporter 7 (OAT7): Expression, substrate selectivity, regulation and inter-individual variability in human liver. [S.l: s.n.], 2014.

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Cotie, Lisa. The validation of heart rate variability in individuals with spinal cord injury. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Individual variability"

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Marchetti, Chiara, and N. Emilio Baldaccini. "Individual Variability in Experiments with Emlen Funnels." In Avian Migration, 393–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05957-9_28.

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McCabe, Kira. "Within-Person Variability of Personality and Individual Differences." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 5793–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1355.

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McCabe, Kira. "Within-Person Variability of Personality and Individual Differences." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1355-1.

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Cholerton, S., N. W. McCracken, and J. R. Idle. "Sources of inter-individual variability in nicotine pharmacokinetics." In Nicotine and Related Alkaloids, 219–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2110-1_11.

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Båmstedt, Ulf. "Ecological significance of individual variability in copepod bioenergetics." In Biology of Copepods, 43–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3103-9_5.

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Cliquet, Robert, and Dragana Avramov. "Evolution-Based Ethical Challenges Related to Individual Variability." In Evolution Science and Ethics in the Third Millennium, 241–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73090-5_6.

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Piscator, M. "Assessment of Variability in Individual Exposure to Metals." In Health Surveillance of Individual Workers Exposed to Chemical Agents, 17–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73476-2_2.

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Croskerry, Pat. "Individual Variability in Clinical Decision Making and Diagnosis." In Diagnosis, 129–58. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315116334-9.

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Opdam, J. J. "Variability in Toxicokinetics in Exposure to Solvents." In Health Surveillance of Individual Workers Exposed to Chemical Agents, 31–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73476-2_4.

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Norseth, T. "Variability in Toxicokinetics in Exposure to Metals." In Health Surveillance of Individual Workers Exposed to Chemical Agents, 39–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73476-2_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Individual variability"

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de Reffye, Philippe, Sébastien Lemaire, Nitish Srivastava, Fabienne Maupas, and Paul-Henry Cournède. "Modeling Inter-individual Variability in Sugar Beet Populations." In 2009 Third International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (PMA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pma.2009.56.

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Hazan, Valerie, and Bo Shi. "Individual variability in the perception of synthetic speech." In 3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1993). ISCA: ISCA, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1993-423.

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Cogan, Alexander I., and Hoover Chan. "Individual variability in the amount of binocular summation." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.wg51.

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We compared the amount of binocular summation, defined in the usual way by the monocular/binocular threshold ratio, with the threshold effect of adapting luminance. The luminance effect obeyed Weber’s law: The slope of the threshold vs intensity function was unity for monocular as well as binocular thresholds; it was the same among all eyes and observers. The amount of binocular summation was independent of adapting luminance, but it varied among the eyes of the six normal observers between a factor of 1 (no summation) and a factor of 2 (full summation). Except in one observer, monocular thresholds remained about the same when the nontest eye was occluded, as when both eyes viewed binocularly fused backgrounds of equal luminance. Global stereoscopic relief imposed on the background had no effect on thresholds or on the amount of binocular summation. No single rule common to all observers would predict binocular performance from monocular performances alone. At least two binocular channels must contribute to the net response at the increment threshold.
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Takeuchi, Kiyoshi, Tomoko Mizutani, Takuya Saraya, Masaharu Kobayashi, and Toshiro Hiramoto. "Variability of MOSFET Series Resistance Extracted from Individual Devices: Is Direct Variability Measurement Possible?" In 2023 35th International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structure (ICMTS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmts55420.2023.10094106.

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Unno, Yasuko Y., Takao Kuwabara, Robert A. Uzenoff, Nobutaka Natsui, and Kazuo Ishikawa. "Analysis of individual variability and habituation in stereoscopic radiography." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Craig K. Abbey and Claudia R. Mello-Thoms. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2006650.

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Rao, Gayatri, Rajka Smiljanic, and Randy Diehl. "Individual variability in phonetic convergence of vowels and rhythm." In ICA 2013 Montreal. ASA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4800750.

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Huttenlauch, Clara, Marie Hansen, Carola de Beer, Isabell Wartenburger, and Sandra Hanne. "Individual variability in prosodic marking of locally ambiguous sentences." In Speech Prosody 2022. ISCA: ISCA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2022-34.

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Wiener, Seth, Kiwako Ito, and Shari Speer. "Individual variability in the distributional learning of L2 lexical tone." In Speech Prosody 2016. ISCA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2016-110.

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McGarry, Delia P., Craig M. Arndt, Steven A. McCabe, and Donald P. D'Amato. "Effects of compression and individual variability on face recognition performance." In Defense and Security, edited by Anil K. Jain and Nalini K. Ratha. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.543054.

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Della Noce, Antonin, Veronique Letort, Amandine Hansart, Charlotte Baey, Gautier Viaud, Sebastien Barot, Jean-Christophe Lata, Xavier Raynaud, Paul-Henry Cournede, and Jacques Gignoux. "Modeling the inter-individual variability of single-stemmed plant development." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Functional-Structural Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (FSPMA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fspma.2016.7818287.

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Reports on the topic "Individual variability"

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Paffenhoefer, G. A., K. D. Lewis, M. H. Bundy, and C. Metz. Rates of ingestion and their variability between individual calanoid copepods: Direct observations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/161058.

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Rocke, David. Inter-Individual Variability in Human Response to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation, Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1308445.

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Gruber, Jonathan Gruber. Growth and Variability in Health Plan Premiums in the Individual Insurance Market Before the Affordable Care Act. New York, NY United States: Commonwealth Fund, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15868/socialsector.24999.

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Tare, Medha, Alison R. Shell, and Jessica Jackson. Shifting Mindsets: Designing Lessons for Learner Variability. Digital Promise, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/157.

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Classrooms nationwide welcome a diverse group of learners. A goal, and an achievable one, is to recognize this unique diversity on a whole child spectrum and to strive to customize learning to meet individual needs. Critical to this process is for teachers to have at hand research that connects factors of learning in a holistic way. It is equally important to provide research-based strategies that teachers can use to embrace differences and provide pathways to robust learning for each student. With these considerations in mind, the Learner Variability Project (LVP) engaged in a partnership with the national nonprofit DonorsChoose to discover if teachers across the country could use the Learner Variability Navigator (LVN) to find and put in place research-based strategies that address the whole learner. The LVN is a free and open-source web app that curates research to provide factors of learning and affiliated strategies on a whole child framework. The pilot study found that even brief use of LVN encouraged teachers to reflect on the research-based strategies they already use and explore new strategies that support their students’ diverse experiences and needs.
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Tare, Medha, Susanne Nobles, and Wendy Xiao. Partnerships that Work: Tapping Research to Address Learner Variability in Young Readers. Digital Promise, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/67.

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Over the past several decades, the student population in the United States has grown more diverse by factors including race, socioeconomic status, primary language spoken at home, and learning differences. At the same time, learning sciences research has advanced our understanding of learner variability and the importance of grounding educational practice and policy in the individual, rather than the fiction of an average student. To address this gap, LVP distills existing research on cognitive, social and emotional, content area, and background Learner Factors that affect learning in various domains, such as reading and math. In conjunction with the development process, LPS researchers worked with ReadWorks to design studies to assess the impact of the newly implemented features on learner outcomes.
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Брошко, Євгеній Олегович. Variability of Structural and Biomechanical Prameters of Pelophylax esculentus (Amphibia, Anura) Limb Bones. Vestnik zoologii, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1529.

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Structural and biomechanical parameters of Edible Frog, Pelophylax esculentus (Linnaeus, 1758), limb bones, namely, mass, linear dimensions, parameters of the shaft ’s cross-sectional shape (cross-sectional area, moments of inertia, radiuses of inertia) were investigated. Some coeffi cients were also estimated: diameters ratio (df/ds), cross-sectional index (ik), principal moments of inertia ratio (Imax/Imin). Coeffi cients of variation of linear dimensions (11.9–20.0 %) and relative bone mass (22–35 %) were established. Moments of inertia of various bones are more variable (CV = 41.67–56.35 %) in relation to radii of inertia (CV = 9.68–14.67 %). Shaft ’s cross-sectional shape is invariable in all cases. However, there is high individual variability of structural and biomechanical parameters of P. esculentus limb bones. Variability of parameters was limited by the certain range.We suggest the presence of stable norm in bone structure. Stylopodium bones have the primary biomechanical function among the elements of limb skeleton, because their parameters most clearly responsiveto changes in body mass.
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Sawatzky, Richard, TT Sajobi, L. Russell, OA Awosoga, A. Ademola, JR Böhnke, O. Lawal, et al. A synthesis of response shift effects in quantitative health research: A systematic review and meta-regression protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0033.

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Review question / Objective: The first aim is to descriptively synthesize evidence about response shift results including prevalence and, where possible, distributions of response shift effect sizes, for different subcategories of response shift methods, populations, study designs, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The second aim is to identify response shift methods, population characteristics, design characteristics and PROMs that explain variability in: (a) standardized mean differences (for then-test and latent variable methods) and (b) prevalence of response shifts. Condition being studied: The systematic review included all studies on response shifts in PROMs, irrespective of the condition being studied. The type of health condition that each individual study focused on (if applicable), was extracted as a study-level variable.
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Carrol. PR-214-05502-R01 Application of Fatigue Analysis Procedures Using Pipeline SCADA Data. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011248.

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Fatigue life prediction for in-service pipelines can vary considerably, with one of the prime sources of variability being the pipeline operating pressure data typically captured and archived using a Supervisor Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. SCADA systems may operate differently from one system to another and the records can be significantly different on the basis of the operational parameter sampling technique. Operating pressure data is a key input into integrity analysis for pipelines containing defects. BMT Fleet has collected close to 200 pressure data sets and has been investigating the sensitivity of fatigue life predictions for a number of pipeline operators for weld defects, dents, wrinkles, etc. on an individual basis. A strong understanding of the variability of the results has been obtained, but not formally presented in a comprehensive guidance document.The goal of the present investigation is to determine the impact of various precedures used to collect SCADA data on the resulting fatigue life predictions for defects. Based upon the analysis conducted, recommendations will be provided to outline techniques that should be applied to collecting SCADA data and for the subsequent use in integrity analysis processes. Procedures will be discussed to ensure that fatigue assessments based upon SCADA data are acceptably accurate, reliable and reproducible.
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Pinchuk, O. P., V. A. Tkachenko, and O. Yu Burov. AV and VR as Gamification of Cognitive Tasks. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/lib.naes.718697.

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The paper presents a comparative analysis of the functionality of mobile applications of the augmented reality Da Vinci Machines AR, Electricity AR, Bridges AR, Geometry, the collection of VR models VictoryVR Science Curriculum and the digital collection Mozaik. The possibility of using these tools for educational purposes is explored, in particular, to construct cognitive tasks for students during the study of subjects in the natural and mathematical cycle. The indicated shortcomings are stated, didactic requirements for such educational activities are formulated. Among others, attention is focused on the following indicators: hardware, usability, variability of model parameters, interactivity, interdisciplinary use, and the ability to activate certain cognitive actions of students, degree/form of gamification. The educational potential of using interactive models and video is analyzed for both group and individual work with students. Examples of methodical developments are given.
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Soenko, Yevgeny. TYPOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL VISION. Intellectual Archive, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2331.

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The research is based on the statement that retina produces the proper level of electrical activity, sourcing visual system. I started the research with partial darkening of different parts of the visual fields of humans to register possible psychological and physiological changes. The tested showed dramatically increasing variability and number of changes within just four exact types of darkening. More, emotional and physiological aspects of those changes were polarized into general acceptance and general rejection of a certain type of darkening in most of the individual tests. Thus the tested formed two opposite groups within every one of those types of darkening: a group with general negative reactions and a group with general positive ones. Further, those types of darkening turned out combined in pairs. General tune of reactions of most of the tested changed to strictly reverse within a pair of upper-lower types of darkening of peripheral vision and outer-inner ones as well. Between the pairs of types of darkening, there was no correspondence. The tested showed stability of their reactions during at least several months. Thus I may state a possibility of existence in the visual system of humans of two independent neuropsychological structures both having two alternative modes of functioning with a stable preference of just one of them in every individual case. If it is true, there may be a vision-based typology.
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