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Korpela, Ilkka. "Individual tree measurements by means of digital aerial photogrammetry." Helsinki : Finnish Forest Research Institute, Finnish Society of Forest Science, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/55872310.html.
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Riitters, Kurt H. "Analysis of Biweight Site Chronologies: Relative Weights of Individual Trees over Time." Tree-Ring Society, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/261911.
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The relative weights on individual trees in a biweight site chronology can indicate the consistency of tree growth responses to macroclimate and can be the basis for stratifying trees in climate-growth analyses. This was explored with 45 years of ring-width indices for 200 trees from five even-aged jack pine (Pints banksiana Lamb.) stands. Average individual-tree relative weights were similar, but most trees had at least one transient occurrence of low relative weight. The standard deviations of individual-tree relative weights suggested that some trees had mom variable growth responses than others. The trees were classified by the average and standard deviation of their relative weights, and biweight site chronologies were then calculated for these subgroups. Chronologies derived from trees with low average weights, and from trees with high standard deviation of weights, sometimes appeared to be different from chronologies derived from the remaining trees.
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Miller, Jordan Mitchell. "Estimation of individual tree metrics using structure-from-motion photogrammetry." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/11035.
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The deficiencies of traditional dendrometry mean improvements in methods of tree mensuration are necessary in order to obtain accurate tree metrics for applications such as resource appraisal, and biophysical and ecological modelling. This thesis tests the potential of SfM-MVS (Structure-fromMotion with Multi-View Stereo-photogrammetry) using the software package PhotoScan Professional, for accurately determining linear (2D) and volumetric (3D) tree metrics. SfM is a remote sensing technique, in which the 3D position of objects is calculated from a series of photographs, resulting in a 3D point cloud model. Unlike other photogrammetric techniques, SfM requires no control points or camera calibration. The MVS component of model reconstruction generates a mesh surface based on the structure of the SfM point cloud.
The study was divided into two research components, for which two different groups of study trees were used: 1) 30 small, potted ‘nursery’ trees (mean height 2.98 m), for which exact measurements could be made and field settings could be modified, and; 2) 35 mature ‘landscape’ trees (mean height 8.6 m) located in parks and reserves in urban areas around the South Island, New Zealand, for which field settings could not be modified.
The first component of research tested the ability of SfM-MVS to reconstruct spatially-accurate 3D models from which 2D (height, crown spread, crown depth, stem diameter) and 3D (volume) tree metrics could be estimated. Each of the 30 nursery trees was photographed and measured with traditional dendrometry to obtain ground truth values with which to evaluate against SfM-MVS estimates. The trees were destructively sampled by way of xylometry, in order to obtain true volume values. The RMSE for SfM-MVS estimates of linear tree metrics ranged between 2.6% and 20.7%, and between 12.3% and 47.5% for volumetric tree metrics. Tree stems were reconstructed very well though slender stems and branches were reconstructed poorly.
The second component of research tested the ability of SfM-MVS to reconstruct spatially-accurate 3D models from which height and DBH could be estimated. Each of the 35 landscape trees, which varied in height and species, were photographed, and ground truth values were obtained to evaluate against SfM-MVS estimates. As well as this, each photoset was thinned to find the minimum number of images required to achieve total image alignment in PhotoScan and produce an SfM point cloud (minimum photoset), from which 2D metrics could be estimated. The height and DBH were estimated by SfM-MVS from the complete photosets with RMSE of 6.2% and 5.6% respectively. The height and DBH were estimated from the minimum photosets with RMSE of 9.3% and 7.4% respectively. The minimum number of images required to achieve total alignment was between 20 and 50. There does not appear to be a correlation between the minimum number of images required for alignment and the error in the estimates of height or DBH (R2 =0.001 and 0.09 respectively). Tree height does not appear to affect the minimum number of images required for image alignment (R 2 =0.08).
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Brandtberg, Tomas. "Automatic individual tree-based analysis of high spatial resolution remotely sensed data /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5852-8.pdf.
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Kim, Sooyoung. "Individual tree species identification using LIDAR-derived crown structures and intensity data /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5548.
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Erikson, Mats. "Segmentation and classification of individual tree crowns : in high spatial resolution aerial images /." Uppsala : Centre for Image Analysis, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s320.pdf.
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Lang, Anne Christina [Verfasser], and Goddert von [Akademischer Betreuer] Oheimb. "The role of tree diversity for individual tree growth, crown architecture and branch demography / Anne Christina Lang. Betreuer: Goddert von Oheimb." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1034147935/34.
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Lee, Juheon. "Mapping individual trees from airborne multi-sensor imagery." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/266686.
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Airborne multi-sensor imaging is increasingly used to examine vegetation properties. The advantage of using multiple types of sensor is that each detects a different feature of the vegetation, so that collectively they provide a detailed understanding of the ecological pattern. Specifically, Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) devices produce detailed point clouds of where laser pulses have been backscattered from surfaces, giving information on vegetation structure; hyperspectral sensors measure reflectances within narrow wavebands, providing spectrally detailed information about the optical properties of targets; while aerial photographs provide high spatial-resolution imagery so that they can provide more feature details which cannot be identified from hyperspectral or LiDAR intensity images. Using a combination of these sensors, effective techniques can be developed for mapping species and inferring leaf physiological processes at ITC-level. Although multi-sensor approaches have revolutionised ecological research, their application in mapping individual tree crowns is limited by two major technical issues: (a) Multi-sensor imaging requires all images taken from different sensors to be co-aligned, but different sensor characteristics result in scale, rotation or translation mismatches between the images, making correction a pre-requisite of individual tree crown mapping; (b) reconstructing individual tree crowns from unstructured raw data space requires an accurate tree delineation algorithm. This thesis develops a schematic way to resolve these technical issues using the-state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms. A variational method, called NGF-Curv, was developed to co-align hyperspectral imagery, LiDAR and aerial photographs. NGF-Curv algorithm can deal with very complex topographic and lens distortions efficiently, thus improving the accuracy of co-alignment compared to established image registration methods for airborne data. A graph cut method, named MCNCP-RNC was developed to reconstruct individual tree crowns from fully integrated multi-sensor imagery. MCNCP-RNC is not influenced by interpolation artefacts because it detects trees in 3D, and it detects individual tree crowns using both hyperspectral imagery and LiDAR. Based on these algorithms, we developed a new workflow to detect species at pixel and ITC levels in a temperate deciduous forest in the UK. In addition, we modified the workflow to monitor physiological responses of two oak species with respect to environmental gradients in a Mediterranean woodland in Spain. The results show that our scheme can detect individual tree crowns, find species and monitor physiological responses of canopy leaves.
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Juchheim, Julia [Verfasser]. "Quantifying the impact of forest management intensity and tree species diversity on individual tree shape and three-dimensional stand structure / Julia Juchheim." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220909416/34.
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Wan, Mohd Jaafar Wan Shafrina Binti. "Individual tree detection and modelling above-ground biomass and forest parameters using discrete return airborne LiDAR data." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31143.
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Individual tree detection and modelling forest parameters using Airborne Laser Scanner data (Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is becoming increasingly important for the monitoring and sustainable management of forests. Remote sensing has been a useful tool for individual tree analysis in the past decade, although inadequate spatial resolution from satellites means that only airborne systems have sufficient spatial resolution to conduct individual tree analysis. Moreover, recent advances in airborne LiDAR now provide high horizontal resolution as well as information in the vertical dimension. However, it is challenging to fully exploit and utilize small-footprint LiDAR data for detailed tree analysis. Procedures for forest biomass quantification and forest attributes measurement using LiDAR data have improved at a rapid pace as more robust and sophisticated modelling used to improve the studies. This thesis contains an evaluation of three approaches of utilizing LiDAR data for individual tree forest measurement. The first explores the relationship between LiDAR metrics and field reference to assess the correlation between LiDAR and field data at the individual-tree level. The intention was not to detect trees automatically, but to develop a LiDAR-AGB model based on trees that were mapped in the field so as to evaluate the relationships between LiDAR-type metrics under controlled conditions for the study sites, and field-derived AGB. A non-linear AGB model based on field data and LiDAR data was developed and LiDAR height percentile h80 and crown width measurement (CW) was found to best fit the data as evidenced by and Adj-R2 value of 0.63, the root mean squared error of the model of 14.8% and analysis of the residuals. This paper provides the foundation for a predictive LiDAR-AGB model at tree level over two study sites, Pasoh Forest Reserve and FRIM Forest Reserve. The second part of the thesis then takes this AGB-LiDAR relationship and combines it with individual tree crown delineation. This chapter shows the contribution of performing an automatic individual tree crown delineation over the wider forest areas. The individual tree crown delineation is composed of a five-step framework, which is unique in its automated determination of dominant crown sizes in a forest area and its adaption of the LiDAR-AGB model developed for the purpose of validation the method. This framework correctly delineated 84% and 88% of the tree crowns in the two forest study areas which is mostly dominated with lowland dipterocarp trees. Thirdly, parametric and non-parametric modelling approaches are proposed for modelling forest structural attributes. Selected modelling methods are compared for predicting 4 forest attributes, volume (V), basal area (BA), height (Ht) and aboveground biomass (AGB) at the species level. The AGB modelling in this paper is extracted using the LiDAR derived variables from the automated individual tree crown delineation, in contrast to the earlier AGB modelling where it is derived based on the trees that were mapped in the field. The selected non-parametric method included, k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) imputation methods: Most Similar Neighbour (MSN) and Gradient Nearest Neighbour (GNN), Random Forest (RF) and parametric approach: Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression. To compare and evaluate these approaches a scaled root mean squared error (RMSE) between observed and predicted forest attribute sampled from both forest site was computed. The best method varied according to response variable and performance measure. OLS regression was to found to be the best performance method overall evidenced by RMSE after cross validation for BA (1.40 m2), V (1.03 m3), Ht (2.22 m) and AGB (96 Kg/tree) respectively, showed its applicability to wider conditions, while RF produced best overall results among the non-parametric methods tested. This thesis concludes with a discussion of the potential of LiDAR data as an independent source of important forest inventory data source when combined with appropriate designed sample plots in the field, and with appropriate modelling tools.
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Baker, Elisa S. "Burning Characteristics of Individual Douglas-Fir Trees in the Wildland/Urban Interface." Digital WPI, 2011. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/969.
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"The Wildland/Urban Interface, in which homes are intermingled with forested areas, presents unique challenges to fire protection and fire prediction, owing to the different fuel loads, conditions, and terrain. Computer models that predict fire spread through such an area require data for multiple scales, from crown fire spread to the heat release rates and ignition conditions for individual trees, as well as an understanding of fire behavior and spread. This discussion investigates a means by which fire behavior for Douglas-fir trees can be determined from quantifiable characteristics, such as height and moisture content. Mass, flame height, peak heat release rate, and total energy can be estimated from these simple measurements. A time scale of 60 seconds, combined with a peak heat release rate estimated from tree size characteristics, provides an approximation of total energy that is within 11% of measured values. Pre-heating of trees with a low (2.5 kW/m2) radiant heat flux did not have a noticeable impact on the resulting heat release rate. In addition, fire spread between trees was highly dependent on the presence of ambient wind; in the absence of wind or wind-borne embers, the trees were very resistant to ignition even when in close proximity (3 spacing). With the addition of wind, the fire would spread, although the heat release rates were dramatically reduced for trees of sufficiently high moisture content (< 70%)."
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Trincado, Guillermo. "Dynamic modeling of branches and knot formation in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28157.
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A stochastic framework to simulate the process of initiation, diameter growth, death and self-pruning of branches in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees was developed. A data set was obtained from a destructive sampling of whorl sections from 34 trees growing under different initial spacing. Data from dissected branches were used to develop a model for representing knot shape, which assumed that the live portion of a knot can be modeled by a one-parameter equation and the dead portion by assuming a cylindrical shape. For the developed knot model analytical expressions were derived for estimating the volume of knots (live/dead portions) for three types of branch conditions on simulated trees: (i) live branches, (ii) non-occluded dead branches, and (iii) occluded dead branches. This model was intended to recover information on knots shape and volume during the simulation process of branch dynamics.
Three different components were modeled and hierarchically connected: whorl, branches and knots. For each new growing season, whorls and branches are assigned stochastically along and around the stem. Thereafter, branch diameter growth is predicted as function of relative location within the live crown and stem growth. Using a taper equation, the spatial location (X,Y,Z) of both live and dead portion of simulated knots is maintained in order to create a 3D representation of the internal stem structure. At the end of the projection period information on (i) vertical trend of branch diameter and location along and around the stem, (ii) volume of knots, and (iii) spatial location, size and type (live and dead) of knots can be obtained.
The proposed branch model was linked to the individual-tree growth and yield model PTAEDA3.1 to evaluate the effect of initial spacing and thinning intensity on branch growth in sawtimber trees. The use of the dynamic branch model permitted generation of additional information on sawlog quality under different management regimes. The arithmetic mean diameter of the largest four branches, one from each radial quadrant of the log (i.e. Branch Index, BI) and the number of whorls per log were considered as indicators of sawlog quality.
The developed framework makes it possible to include additional wood properties in the simulation system, allowing linkage with industrial conversion processes (e.g. sawing simulation). This integrated modeling system should promote further research to obtain necessary data on crown and branch dynamics to validate the overall performance of the proposed branch model and to improve its components.Ph. D.
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Lira, David Fagner de Souza e. "Crescimento de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (vell.) morong em formações florestais secundárias em Santa Maria, RS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/13336.
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This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dendrometric, morphometric and qualitative variables in the annual periodic increment in basal area free of trees and under competition Enterolobium contortisiliquum. (Vell.) Morong. with a view to making decisions about the management of the species. The study was conducted in the state's central region of Rio Grande do Sul, in the city of Santa Maria. Subjects were measured and collected the dendrometric, morphometric and qualitative variables. Step data of the last 5 years were obtained by analysis of growth roller collected using the auger Pressler. To determine the density of the trees in the forest, it was calculated basal area in hectare per sampling point based on Bitterlich methodology. The timbaúva differs between the conditions in their dendrometric and morphometric variables, but individuals under competition vary more among themselves that free individuals of competition. The height of the bole in individuals free competition and the variables scope Index and formal canopy in individuals under competition does not suffer variation with increasing DAP values. The shape of the crown of free competition individuals ranges from tolerable perfect, the perfect cup is seen mostly in people over 40 cm DAP. In people under competition exists a variation of forms of canopy are assigned to most individuals as classification of good cup. The crown density of free individuals and under competition is lower in individuals under 40 cm DAP. Individuals under competition have canopy characteristics, being classified as to their sociological position in dominant and codominant. The better the shape and density of the canopy greater the slope of the land and the classification of sociological position in individuals at greater competition will be the height of the shaft. The crown diameter of individuals is estimated as a function of diameter breast height by simple linear model DC = - b0 + b1 * √dap for both conditions. The height of the bole of free individuals of competition has a growth behavior defined by average of 2.20 m approximately, being characteristic of the species forking near the base in the absence of competition. In individuals under competition the stem height can be explained in terms of diameter at breast height the equation HF=b1*√dap. Under competition, the total height is influenced by the density of the population differing in level to the conditions existing the need for using separate models, estimated by the equation HT=b1*√dap+b2*G(bit) and the free individuals competition for equation HT=b1*√dap. The growth in basal area of E. contortisiliquum can be estimated by analysis of stem growth rings and there are differences in growth between the two conditions. The IPAG the competition of free individuals is explained due to the DAP and individuals under competition is explained in terms of DAP and increase the qualitative proximity of water variable.Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência das variáveis dendrométricas, morfométricas e qualitativas no incremento periódico anual em área basal de árvores livres e sob competição de Enterolobium contortisiliquum. (Vell.) Morong. com vistas à tomada de decisões sobre o manejo da espécie. O estudo foi realizado na região Central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, na cidade de Santa Maria. Os indivíduos foram mensurados e coletadas as variáveis dendrométricas, morfométricas e qualitativas. Os dados de incremento dos últimos 5 anos foram obtidos pela análise de rolos de incremento, coletados com a utilização do trado de Pressler. Para a determinação da densidade entre as árvores na floresta, foi calculada a área basal no ponto de amostragem por hectare baseado na metodologia de Bitterlich. A timbaúva difere entre as condições em suas variáveis dendrométricas e morfométricas, porém indivíduos sob competição variam mais entre si que os indivíduos livres de competição. A altura do fuste nos indivíduos livres de competição e as variáveis Índice de abrangência e formal de copa nos indivíduos sob competição não sofrem variação com o aumento dos valores de DAP. A forma da copa dos indivíduos livres de competição varia de perfeita a tolerável, a copa perfeita é verificada em sua maioria nos indivíduos acima dos 40 cm de DAP. Nos indivíduos sob competição existe uma variação de formas de copa, sendo atribuído para a maioria dos indivíduos a classificação de forma da copa boa. A densidade de copa dos indivíduos livres e sob competição é menor nos indivíduos abaixo dos 40 cm de DAP. Os indivíduos sob competição possuem características de dossel, sendo classificados quanto a sua posição sociológica em dominantes e codominantes. Quanto melhor for a forma e a densidade da copa, maior for a inclinação do terreno e a classificação da posição sociológica nos indivíduos sob competição maior será a altura do fuste. O diâmetro de copa dos indivíduos é estimado em função do diâmetro a altura do peito pelo modelo linear simples DC= -b0+b1*√dap para ambas condições. A altura do fuste dos indivíduos livres de competição possui um comportamento de crescimento definido por média de 2,20 m aproximadamente, sendo característico da espécie bifurcar-se próximo à base na ausência de competição. Nos indivíduos sob competição a altura do fuste pode ser explicada em função do diâmetro a altura do peito pela equação HF=b1*√dap. Sob competição, a altura total sofre influência da densidade do povoamento diferindo em nível para as condições existindo a necessidade do uso de modelos distintos, sendo estimada pela equação HT=b1*√dap+b2*G(bit) e para os indivíduos livres de competição pela equação HT=b1*√dap. O crescimento em área basal da E. contortisiliquum pode ser estimado pela análise dos anéis de crescimento tronco e existem diferenças no crescimento entre as duas condições. O IPAg dos indivíduos livres de competição é explicado em função do DAP e nos indivíduos sob competição é explicado em função do DAP e acréscimo da variável qualitativa proximidade da água.
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Prinsloo, Christoffel Frederick. "Investigating the influence of individual value systems and risk propensities on decision-making quality in value clashing circumstances." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61270.
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This study investigated the influences of personal value systems and risk propensities on managerial decision-making quality during value clashes. The post-globalisation business landscape is impacted by role players of vastly differing personal attributes, hypothesised to have varying influences on decision-making behaviour. A deeper understanding of how these attributes impact decision-making quality will therefore enrich the literature and arm practitioners with improved decision-making skills.
A review of behavioural decision-making literature revealed three core approaches: the normative (prescriptive) perspective, focussed on decision analysis, the cognitive limitations perspective highlighting the boundaries of human cognition and the psychological (values/emotions/motivations) perspective allowing for ethical- or value-boundedness. The extant literature contributes little on the quality of decision-making exhibited by managers, or how to improve it. It also doesn’t consider variance in decision-making between groups defined by personal value and risk traits. This study therefore aimed to establish whether decision-making quality varied with variances in personal attributes, and whether an intervention would improve decision-making behaviour.
The research, conducted on a sample of 460 South African managers, established the demographics and value- and risk orientations of the participating group. Three value clashing scenarios, incorporating social-relational framing interventions, where introduced to gauge the decision-making behaviour of the test subjects. Decision-making quality was assessed through the integrative complexity measure and qualitative assessments were conducted on the decision motivation texts.
Decision-tree analyses, multiple regression analyses as well as T-tests comparing the decision-quality produced by individuals of opposing orientations, revealed a clear relationship between the value segments of self-enhancement and openness to change and higher quality decision-making. Social risk-taking was related to better decision-making and reframing the scenarios produced better decision-making quality responses, if the reframing was done harshly enough. The qualitative analysis supported these findings, but hinted at additional, context specific decision motivators.
This study contributed an integrated view of decision-making literature, tested the application of integrative complexity as a measure of decision quality and introduced new perspectives on how value orientations, risk proclivities and scenario framing relate to decision-making quality. Practitioners can apply this to assess individuals in terms of their decision-making abilities, and can improve decision-making quality in managers through scenario re-framing.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
PhD
Unrestricted
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Amrhein, John Francis. "Modeling the impact of gypsy moth defoliation in individual tree mortality and basal area growth of northern hardwoods of central Pennsylvania." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43380.
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Data for this study were collected by the US Forest Service and the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry on nearly 600 plots in central Pennsylvania. Tree and stand characteristics recorded between 1978 and 1985 include estimates of percent defoliation on individual trees.
Logistic regression using maximum likelihood estimation was employed to model individual-tree mortality of 15 species in central Pennsylvania that had been defoliated by the gypsy moth. Defoliation was estimated to the nearest ten percent for individual trees. Other variables used for prediction included stand basal area and an individual-tree relative basal area index. Success ranged from no fit for three of the species to an R value (a derivation of Akaike's information criterion) of .613 for white oak. The inclusion of defoliation in the models had a varied effect. For four of the species percent defoliation was not significant. For hickory and white oak respectively, percent defoliation raised the R value by .305 and .290 percentage points. As many as five models for each species were developed: one or two models with no defoliation measure in the model and one each for one, two or three consecutive years of defoliation measures.
A beta and gamma function were used to model individual· tree basal area growth for the same 15 species. The models were fit using nonlinear least squares. Variables used include the relative basal area index, stand basal area, site index and a defoliation index that incorporated three years of individual-tree, percent defoliation. The beta and gamma functions fit equally well with values of (1 - relative mean square error) ranging from .1967 to .6290. Results for both models are presented for each species.
The defoliation index was a significant variable for five of the fifteen species: white, chestnut, red, and black oak and sassafras.Master of Science
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Lundgren, Jen, and Kajsa Hultén. "Growing Your Own Branch While Pruning the Family Tree : An Exploratory Study of Individual Career Management in the Context of Family Business." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43866.
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Castro, Renato Vinícius Oliveira. "Modelagem de árvore individual para uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual utilizando redes neurais." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/584.
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Previous issue date: 2012-12-21Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This study aimed to develop a complete model in individual tree basis for a fragment of Semideciduous Montana forest using artificial neural networks (ANN) and validate their application. Data from ten permanent plots in a forest of 17 ha in Viçosa, MG, at the intermediate stage of ecological succession, monitored for 14 years (1994, 1997, 2000, 2004 and 2008) were used for this purpose. The data set was randomly divided into two groups: 1) training networks group, consisting of six parcels totaling 3,556 cases at five measurements, observed 231 cases of death and 238 cases of ingrowth, and 2) the validation model group, consisting of four parcels, totaling 2,062 cases, with 181 cases of death and 146 cases of ingrowth. The work was divided into four chapters where, in Chapter I, we evaluated different competition indexes independent, dependent and semi-independent of distance, and selected those best for studies of growth and mortality in later chapters. In Chapters II and III were evaluated and compared different types and architectures of neural networks to estimate mortality regular trees, as well as projection of diameter, total height and bole height. In Chapter IV, there was the validation of networks employing the set of independent data. Besides the selected networks was considered the average rate at each measurement period, the first data group, the projection of the forest structure (validation). The analysis showed that, overall, the competition indexes were correlated with the probability of mortality and growth of trees. There was also verified that the neural networks efficiency in the estimation of tree mortality and the growth projection, accurate estimates are obtained. In validation, designed to mortality, growth and ingrowth of the first measurement (1994) by the year 2008, which were compared to the observed values. The model for individual tree basis was efficient in simulating forest growth and yield at all levels of detail (stand level, diameter and hight distribution level and individual tree level). The results confirmed the potential use of individual tree basis models through artificial neural networks in natural forests structurally complex, as is the case of the Semideciduous Montana Forest.
Este estudo teve como objetivos desenvolver um modelo completo em nível de árvore individual para um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana utilizando redes neurais artificiais (RNA) e validar a sua aplicação. Dados provenientes de dez parcelas permanentes em um fragmento florestal de 17 ha no município de Viçosa, MG, em estágio médio de sucessão ecológica, monitoradas durante 14 anos (1994, 1997, 2000, 2004 e 2008) foram utilizados para este propósito. O conjunto de dados foi dividido aleatoriamente em dois grupos: 1) grupo de treinamento das redes, composto por seis parcelas e totalizando 3.556 casos nas cinco medições, sendo observados 231 casos de mortalidade e 238 casos de ingresso, e 2) grupo de validação do modelo, composto por quatro parcelas, totalizando 2.062 casos, sendo observados 181 casos de mortalidade e 146 casos de ingresso. O trabalho foi dividido em quantro capítulos onde, no capítulo I, foram avaliados diferentes índices de competição independentes, dependentes e semi-independentes da distância, sendo selecionados aqueles melhores para os estudos de crescimento e mortalidade nos capítulos posteriores. Nos capítulos II e III foram avaliados e comparados diferentes arquiteturas e tipos de redes neurais para estimativa da mortalidade regular das árvores, bem como para projeção do diâmetro, altura total e do fuste. No capítulo IV, realizou-se a validação das redes empregando-se o conjunto de dados independentes. Além das redes selecionadas considerou-se a taxa média de ingresso em cada período de medição, no primeiro grupo de dados, na projeção da estrutura da floresta (validação). Após as análises, observou-se que, de maneira geral, os índices de competição foram correlacionados com o crescimento e probabilidade de mortalidade das árvores. Verificou-se, também, a eficiência das redes neurais na estimação da mortalidade das árvores e para a projeção do crescimento, sendo obtidas estimativas precisas. Na validação, projetou-se a mortalidade, o crescimento e o ingresso da primeira medição (1994) até o ano de 2008, os quais foram comparados aos valores observados. O modelo em nível de árvore individual foi eficiente na simulação do crescimento e produção florestal em todos os níveis de detalhamento (povoamento total, distribuição diamétrica e de altura e em nível de árvore individual). Os resultados confirmaram o potencial de utilização de modelos em nível de árvore individual por meio de redes neurais artificiais em florestas naturais estruturalmente complexas, como é o caso da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana.
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Penido, Tamires Mousslech Andrade. "Modelagem da produ??o de povoamentos de eucalipto utilizando diferentes metodologias." UFVJM, 2017. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1460.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
A modelagem ? um procedimento estat?stico empregado por gestores florestais para esbo?ar o desenvolvimento vegetal com precis?o. Informa??es confi?veis do crescimento e da produ??o s?o essenciais para predizer e quantificar a estrutura futura do povoamento. O presente trabalho foi dividido em dois cap?tulos. Os objetivos foram avaliar a efici?ncia de se estimar a altura empregando diferentes modelos hipsom?tricos, crit?rios de estratifica??o e m?todos de ajuste, al?m de comparar tr?s categorias de modelos de crescimento e produ??o (MCP) em planta??es comerciais de eucalipto. Foram definidas quatro unidades de manejo florestal, totalizando 293,43 ha. O invent?rio florestal cont?nuo foi realizado em 34 parcelas permanentes de 400 m2. O espa?amento de plantio foi de 3,0 x 2,5 m. Avaliou-se a precis?o do ajuste de treze modelos hipsom?tricos. Foram treinadas RNA empregando as mesmas vari?veis de resposta e preditoras adotadas nas equa??es selecionadas. As categorias de MCP testadas foram: em n?vel de povoamento (MP), pelo sistema de equa??es simult?neas de Clutter; de distribui??o diam?trica (MDD), pelo ajuste de fun??o densidade de probabilidade de Weibul-2P e de ?rvores individuais (MAI), pelo modelo de Pienaar e Schiver. As equa??es provenientes do modelo de altura em fun??o do di?metro e da altura dominante forneceram estimativas confi?veis da altura para diferentes crit?rios de estratifica??o, demonstrando superioridade em rela??o aos modelos locais. A modelagem por regress?o e redes demonstraram-se adequadas para estimar a altura, com ou sem estratifica??o do banco de dados. A estratifica??o ? um procedimento que pode melhorar a qualidade das estimativas de altura obtidas por regress?o e RNA. As tr?s categorias de modelo proporcionaram estimativas confi?veis da produ??o em volume com casca, aos 36, 48, 60 e 72 meses, para as unidades de manejo estudadas. O MAI foi a categoria mais precisa e consistente na estimativa do volume por hectare. As proje??es com MP e MDD podem gerar estimativas similares de volume para idades al?m daquelas em que se realizou o invent?rio florestal.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.
Modeling is a statistical procedure employed by forest managers to sketch plant development with precision. Reliable growth and production information are essential to predict and quantify the future stand structure. The present work was divided in two chapters. The objectives were to evaluate the efficiency of height estimation using different hypsometric models, stratification criteria and adjustment methods, beside to evaluate and compare three categories of growth and yield models (MCP) in commercial eucalypt plantations. Four forest management units were defined, totaling 293.43 ha. The continuous forest inventory was realized in 34 permanent plots of 400 m2. The planting spacing was 3.0 x 2.5 m. The accuracy of the fit of thirteen hypsometric models was evaluated. ANN were trained using the same response e predictive variables adopted in the selected equations. The MCP categories tested were: in level of stand (MP), using Clutter?s simultaneous equations; diameter distribution model (MDD), by adjustment of the Weibull-2P?s probability density function and individual trees (MAI), by Pienaar and Schiver model. The equations from the height model according to the diameter and the dominant height provided reliable height estimates for different stratification criteria, showing superiority in relation to local models. Regression and networks modelling were suitable for estimating height, with or without stratification of the database. Stratification is a procedure that can improve the quality of the estimates obtained by regression and ANN. The three model categories provided reliable estimates of the volume with bark production at 36, 48, 60 and 72 months for the management units studied. MAI was the most accurate and consistent category in estimating volume per hectare. Projections with MP and MDD can generate similar estimates of volume for ages beyond those in which the forest inventory was carried out.
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Lindner, Gerard Eckard. "Development of potential height growth and diameter increment models for the parameterisation of an individual tree growth model for Pinus elliottii plantations in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86621.
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Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Individual tree models, as opposed to stand models, have the potential to greatly improve sensitivity of forest growth models to changing conditions such as silvicultural amendments, irregular stand structures, etc. It was the purpose of this study to extend two sub-components of a European individual tree growth model to introduce individual tree growth modelling concepts in South Africa using Pinus elliottii as a study species. Two main objectives were established: Modelling the potential height of stands across different site qualities and modelling diameter increment using a potential modifier approach with a combination of competition indices that change in importance according to the edaphic conditions of the site. Potential height modelling used three steps in order to achieve this objective. The first was to compare site index models based on different model fitting techniques, namely nonlinear least squares, generalised nonlinear least squares and nonlinear mixed effects models. The nonlinear mixed effects model proved to be superior in terms of achieving the principles of regression assumptions and model fit for the data range observed. The second step was to fit potential height using nonlinear quantile regression on observed spacing trial height measurements. This proved to be a robust technique able to capture potentials according to the defined Chapman-Richards model structure. The final step was to use the predicted site index as a site classification variable in order to predict potential height. While some small deviation occurred, potential height seems to be well correlated to site index and validation on selected sites suggested that site index can be used to model potential height until a more sophisticated site classification model is used for future improvement of the model. Diameter increment modelling followed six major steps in order to apply the full parameterisation methodology of an age-independent diameter increment model dependent on tree diameter and competition. Diameter increment potentials were fit using site index as a predictor of the potential height curves. Multiple competition indices were tested on two sites to obtain a combination of two indices, which can capture overtopping and local crowding effects. Principle components analysis and variance inflation factors calculation were applied to test for collinearity between indices. Suitable combinations were tested resulting in a combination of the KKL and Local Basal Area competition indices. Changing importance of the two indices were observed on the two sites tested indicating a shift in the mode of competition according to a water gradient. These were combined in a deterministic potential modifier model, which mimicked competitive stages over age; however the validation showed a skewed distribution, which was not sensitive to stand density gradients. A stochastic model was constructed to model variance from observed residual plots using linear quantile regression to determine bounds for a truncated normal distribution which generates random deviates for a predicted increment. The stochastic element significantly improved the performance and sensitivity of the model, however the model was still not sensitive enough at very high and very low spacing densities. All in all two key models for an adaptation of an individual tree growth simulator to South African conditions were successfully demonstrated. The two main objectives were achieved; however some indicated improvements could be made, especially for the competition indices where the sensitivity of competition to changing resource limitation according to site and temporal scales needs to be further investigated. Furthermore, the full set of models for simulating individual tree growth still needs to be applied. Overall, as a methodological approach, the study outlined problems and future improvements, introduced new concepts and can serve as a guideline for future parameterisation of an individual tree growth model.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In vergelyking met vakgroeimodelle, het individuele-boomgroeimodelle die potensiaal om die sensitiwiteit van plantasiegroeimodelle vir veranderende omstandighede soos aanpassings in boskultuur, onreëlmatige vakstrukture, ensovoorts, drasties te verbeter. Die doel van hierdie studie was om twee subkomponente van ‘n Europese individuele-boomgroeimodel uit te brei om sodoende individuele-boomgroei modelleringskonsepte in Suid-Afrika bekend te stel. Pinus elliottii is gebruik as studiespesie. Twee hoofdoelstellings is bepaal. Eerstens, die modellering van hoogtegroei potensiaal van opstande oor verskeie vlakke van groeiplek kwaliteit. Tweedens, die modellering van deursnee-aanwas deur gebruik te maak van ‘n potensiaal matigingsbenadering “potential modifier approach“ met ‘n kombinasie van kompetisie-indekse waarvan die belangrikheid verander volgens die edafiese toestande van die groeiplek. Die hoogtepotensiaalmodellering bestaan uit drie stappe. Tydens die eerste stap word groeiplek bonniteitsmodelle vergelyk op grond van verskillende modelpassingstegnieke, naamlik nie-lineêre minimum kwadrate, algemene nie-lineêre minimum kwadrate en nie-lineêre gemengde effek modelle. Laasgenoemde het die beste gevaar in terme van die beginsels van regressiemodelle asook die mate waarin die model die waargeneemde data pas. Tweedens is hoogtegroei potensiaal gemodelleer deur nie-lineêre kwantielregressie op waargeneemde hoogtes van spasiëringseksperimente toe te pas. Die metode is robuust en in staat om potensiale volgens die gedefinieerde Chapman Richards modelstruktuur vas te vang. Laastens is die voorspelde bonniteits indeks as ‘n groeiplek klassifasie veranderlike gebruik om sodoende die hoogtegroei potensiaal te voorspel. Alhoewel klein afwykings voorgekom het, blyk hoogtegroei potensiaal goed gekorreleer te wees met bonniteits indeks. Uit validasie op geselekteerde groieplekke blyk dit dat bonniteits indeks gebruik kan word om hoogtegroei potensiaal te modelleer totdat ‘n meer gesofistikeerde groeiplek klassifikasiemodel beskikbaar is wat die model verder sal kan vebeter. Die volledige parametriseringsmetodiek van ‘n ouderdoms-onafhanklike deursnee-aanwas model wat afhanklik is van boomdeursnee en kompetisie bestaan uit ses hoof prosesse. Nie-lineêre kwantielregressie is gebruik om deursnee-aanwaspotensiale te pas vir verskeie groeiplekke. Dié is gekombineer met ‘n bonniteits indeks om ‘n nuwe model te vorm waarmee hoogtegroeipotensiaal kurwes voorpel kon word. Daar is met veelvuldige kompetisie-indekse op twee groeiplekke geëksperimenteer om ‘n kombinasie van slegs twee indekse te vind wat die effekte van oorskaduwing en plaaslike verdringing kan vasvang, te vind. Hoof komponent analise “Principle components analysis” en variansie inflasie faktore berekening “variance inflation factors calculation” is gebruik om vir kollineariteit tussen die indekse te toets. Gepaste indekskombinasies is getoets. ‘n Kombinasie van die KKL en plaaslike basale oppervlakte “Local Basal Area” kompetisie-indekse het die beste resultate gelewer. Die twee indekse is as volg geselekteer. Veranderings in die belangrikheid van elk van die indekse is waargeneem op die twee toetspersele. Dit dui op ‘n verskuiwing in die modus van kompetisie afhangend van ‘n watergradiënt. Die twee indekse is gekombineer in ‘n deterministiese potensiaal matigings model wat die kompeterende stadiums oor ouderdom naboots. Validasie het egter ‘n skewe verdeling wat nie sensitief vir opstandsdigtheidsgradiënte is nie, gewys. ‘n Stogastiese model is ontwikkel om variansie in die residuele grafieke te modelleer. Lineêre kwantielregressie is gebruik om grense vir ‘n afgestompte normaalverdeling wat ewekansige afwykings vir ‘n voorspelde aanwas te bepaal. Die stogastiese element het die prestasie van die deterministiese model merkbaar verbeter. Selfs met die stogastiese element, is die model egter steeds nie sensitief genoeg vir baie hoë en baie lae opstandsdigthede nie. Ter opsomming is twee modelle vir ‘n aanpassing van ‘n individuele-boomgroeisimuleerder vir Suid- Afrikaanse toestande suksesvol gedemonstreer. Die twee hoofdoelstellings is bereik. Daar is egter steeds ‘n paar aangeduide verbeterings wat aangebring kan word. Die sensitiwiteit van die kompetisie-indekse op hulpbronbeperkings wat verander op grond van die ruimtelike en temporale skale moet veral verder bestudeer word. Verder moet die volle stel modelle wat benodig word om individuele-boomgroei te modelleer nog toegepas word. As ‘n metodologiese benadering, het die studie probleme uitgewys en toekomstige verbeterings aangedui, nuwe konsepte bekendgestel en kan dus dien as ‘n riglyn vir toekomstige parametrisering van individuele-boomgroeimodelle.
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Riyahi, Bakhtyari Hamid Reza. "Evaluation of the capability of QuickBird data for automatic delineation of individual tree crowns in sparse deciduous forests case-study in the Zagros region of Iran." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001352114/04.
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Anning, Alexander K. "Prescribed Fire and Thinning Effects on Tree Growth and Carbon Sequestration in Mixed-Oak Forests, Ohio, U.S.A." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1384948011.
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Chassot, Tatiane. "MODELOS DE CRESCIMENTO EM DIÂMETRO DE ÁRVORES INDIVIDUAIS DE Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze NA FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8652.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThis work aims at modeling the diameter growth for individual trees of Araucaria angustifolia, present in the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest at National Forest of São Francisco de Paula, northeast of Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, 8 years remeasurements of 251 araucaria individuals were used, they were distributed over the permanent plots of the Project PELD CNPq. After the data consistency confirmation, a yield model was built, having as dependent variable the future diameter, using regression and analysis of covariance. As independent variable, the dimensional characteristic of the individuals were used and the distance independent competition indices. The most correlated variable with the future diameter was the current diameter. The competition indices showed high correlation with the dependent variable, correctly representing the competitive pressure exerted on the tree, but they didn´t enter in the regression model. Only the current diameter, multiplied by a coefficient, plus a constant value which differed according to the sociological position of the individuals, it was effective to predict the future diameter. The model showed better estimates for emerging individuals of Araucaria angustifolia, however, its use in the individual tree growth prognosis should be cautious due to the magnitude of the errors it presented.
Este trabalho objetivou modelar o crescimento em diâmetro para árvores individuais de Araucaria angustifolia, ocorrentes na Floresta Ombrófila Mista da Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, no nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foram utilizadas remedições de 8 anos de 251 indivíduos de araucária, distribuídos ao longo das parcelas permanentes do Projeto PELD CNPq. Após confirmação da consistência dos dados, foi construído um modelo de produção, tendo como variável dependente o diâmetro futuro, utilizando regressão e análise de covariância. Como variáveis independentes, foram utilizadas as características dimensionais dos indivíduos e os índices de concorrência independentes de distância. A variável mais correlacionada com o diâmetro futuro foi o diâmetro atual. Os índices de concorrência apresentaram alta correlação com a variável dependente, representando corretamente a pressão competitiva exercida sobre a árvore, mas não entraram no modelo de regressão. Somente o diâmetro atual, multiplicado por um coeficiente, acrescido de um valor constante o qual diferiu de acordo com a posição sociológica do indivíduo, foi eficiente para predizer o diâmetro futuro. O modelo apresentou melhores estimativas para indivíduos de Araucaria angustifolia emergentes, no entanto, o seu emprego na prognose de crescimento de árvores individuais deve ser cauteloso devido a magnitude dos erros de predição que apresentou.
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Engel, Markus [Verfasser], Uta [Gutachter] Berger, Goddert von [Gutachter] Oheimb, and Winfried [Gutachter] Kurth. "The effects of tree crown plasticity on the structure and dynamics of near-natural beech forests : an individual-based modeling approach / Markus Engel ; Gutachter: Uta Berger, Goddert von Oheimb, Winfried Kurth." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1227202075/34.
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Cunha, Thiago Augusto da. "Crescimento de espécies florestais madeiráveis como subsídio para o manejo florestal na Amazônia ocidental." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3752.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorReliable growth data from trees are very important in the context of forest management. Tree-characteristics such as architecture and competition are associated with diameter growth. Previous studies analyzing tree growth changes have indicated that these variables can describe these effects more effectively. However, the precise role of these effects in the growth modeling of tropical trees needs to be studied further to discuss more effectively the actual forest management practices. Here, we reconstructed the periodic annual basal area increment (IPAg) of four long-lived timber species from the Amazon forest: Cedro (Cedrela odorata); Cerejeira (Amburana cearensis); Copaíba (Copaifera paupera) e Mogno (Swietenia macrophylla) aiming to explain the IPAg variation by developing a individua-tree growth model using the following potential predictors: tree size, morphometric data, competition; crown position and liana load. The model was fitted using a Gamma distribution in the context of Generalized Linear Models. The statistics criteria and residual distributions showed that growth model was adequate to adjust the observed IPAg data and revealed some dendrometric variables that were involved into the effects that lead the observed variation in IPAg, presenting a broad range of the observed data in situations were growth is complex and variable between species. Trees sampled in good site conditions - expressed as a good crown exposure to light, and therefore low competition - presented higher growth rates than trees sampled under high competition from neighboring trees. Besides, the variables Liana load, for Cedrela, the crown diameter and the Hegyi competition index was demonstrated to be highly influential predictive variable. Also, trees sampled in densities greater than 25 m2.ha-1 had their IPAg% significantly reduced. In the context of basal area increment yield by the space occupied in the forest (crown efficiency) the species presented mostly efficiency when growth in dominant position with thin and long crown (crown formal). Among the species, Cedrela odorata was the most efficient in growth. This behavior reinforces the importance of release trees to obtain better crown exposure.
Dados confiáveis de crescimento de árvores são muito importantes no contexto do manejo florestal. Características próprias da árvore como a arquitetura e a competição estão associadas diretamente com o crescimento em diâmetro e altura. Estudos anteriores indicaram que essas variáveis podem descrever a variação do incremento. No entanto, o efeito dessas variáveis na modelagem do crescimento de árvores tropicais precisa ser mais bem estudado, para discutir efetivamente as praticas de manejo florestal atuais. Portanto, nessa pesquisa reconstruiu-se o incremento periódico anual em área basal (IPAg) de quatro espécies de árvores madeiráveis de vida longa da Amazônia: Cedro (Cedrela odorata); Cerejeira (Amburana cearensis); Copaíba (Copaifera paupera) e Mogno (Swietenia macrophylla) com o objetivo de explicar a variação de IPAg, propondo um modelo de crescimento tipo de árvore individual utilizando os seguintes preditores potenciais: tamanho e morfometria da árvore; o status competitivo; a posição social e a carga de lianas na copa. O modelo foi ajustado considerando a distribuição de probabilidade Gama no contexto de Modelo Linear Generalizado. Em base a critérios estatísticos e avaliação residual, o modelo de crescimento demonstrou ser adequado para explicar a variação de IPAg e revelou variáveis dendrométricas que englobam grande parte dos efeitos que moldaram a variação observada do IPAg, apresentando boa abrangência dos dados observados em situações onde o crescimento é complexo e variado entre as espécies. As árvores quando amostradas em boas condições de sítio, expressado por boa exposição da copa à luz solar e, portanto, pouca competição, apresentaram as maiores taxas de IPAg, no período avaliado, do que aquelas encontradas sob forte competição por árvores vizinhas. Além disso, as variáveis carga de lianas na copa, para Cedrela, o diâmetro de copa e o status competitivo de Hegyi influenciaram de forma significativa o IPAg. Árvores amostradas em densidade maior do que 25 m2.ha-1 mostraram queda significativa do IPAg%. No contexto de incremento em área basal por área ocupada na floresta (eficiência da copa), todas as quatro espécies mostraram-se mais eficientes quando em melhor posição social e quando com copas estreitas e longas (formal de copa pequeno). Entre as espécies a Cedrela odorata foi a mais eficiente no crescimento, comportamento que reforça a importância da liberação das árvores o que proporcionaria melhor exposição da copa à luz solar.
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Suliman, Tammam [Verfasser], Uta [Gutachter] Berger, der Maaten-Theunissen Mareike [Gutachter] van, and Wael [Gutachter] Ali. "Understanding the dynamics of even-aged stands of Brutia pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) in the coastal region of Syria based on a distance-independent individual-tree growth model / Tammam Suliman ; Gutachter: Uta Berger, Mareike van der Maaten-Theunissen, Wael Ali." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1227833695/34.
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Richards, Mark L. A. "Modelling competition amongst individual trees in Caledonian Forest." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2007. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=24803.
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Novotný, Jan. "Matematické metody segmentace obrazu pro dálkový průzkum Země." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234262.
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Segmentation of an image into individual tree crowns is a key step in the processing of remotely sensed data for forestry practice. The doctoral thesis gives a broad overview of this topic. It comprehends theoretical context from mathematical point of view and defines basic terms from airborne imaging and laser scanning. Mathematical methods of tree detection are focused on a robust adaptation to the actual conditions in a region of interest. A novel approach of crown area delineation is introduced, it combines a seeded region growing technique with an active contour as a crown boundary representation. The parametrisation of all algorithms is analysed in a practical half of the thesis and more application-oriented issues are mentioned. Executable computer programs are attached.
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MORI, Shigeta, 茂太 森, Akio HAGIHARA, and 秋男 萩原. "Gross photosynthetic production of individual trees in a Chamaecyparis obtusa plantation." 名古屋大学農学部付属演習林, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8674.
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Meyer, Sarah [Verfasser], and Mark [Akademischer Betreuer] Trede. "Econometric analysis of individual income dynamics / Sarah Meyer ; Betreuer: Mark Trede." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1139904833/34.
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Hu, Ronghai. "Estimation cohérente de l'indice de surface foliaire en utilisant des données terrestres et aéroportées." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD021/document.
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L’indice de surface foliaire (Leaf Area Index, LAI), défini comme la moitié de la surface foliaire par unité de surface de sol, est un paramètre clé du cycle écologique de la Terre, et sa précision d'acquisition a toujours la nécessité et la possibilité d'amélioration. La technologie du scanner laser actif offre une possibilité d'obtention cohérente du LAI à plusieurs échelles, car le scanner laser terrestre et le scanner laser aéroporté fonctionnent sur le même mécanisme physique. Cependant, les informations tridimensionnelles du scanner laser ne sont pas complètement explorées dans les méthodes actuelles et les théories traditionnelles ont besoin d'adaptation. Dans cette thèse, le modèle de distribution de longueur de trajet est introduit pour corriger l'effet d’agrégation, et il est appliqué aux données du scanner laser terrestre et du scanner laser aéroporté. La méthode d'obtention de la distribution de longueur de trajet de différentes plates-formes est étudiée et le modèle de récupération cohérent est établi. Cette méthode permet d’améliorer la mesure du LAI des arbres individuels dans les zones urbaines et la cartographie LAI dans les forêts naturelles, et ses résultats sont cohérents à différentes échelles. Le modèle devrait faciliter la détermination cohérente de l'indice de surface foliaire des forêts à l'aide de données au sol et aéroportéesLeaf Area Index (LAI), defined as one half of the total leaf area per unit ground surface area, is a key parameter of vegetation structure for modeling Earth's ecological cycle and its acquisition accuracy always has the need and opportunity for improvement. Active laser scanning provides an opportunity for consistent LAI retrieval at multiple scales because terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and airborne laser scanning (ALS) have the similar physical mechanism. However, the three-dimensional information of laser scanning is not fully explored in current methods and the traditional theories require adaptation. In this thesis, the path length distribution model is proposed to model the clumping effect, and it is applied to the TLS and ALS data. The method of obtaining the path length distribution of different platforms is studied, and the consistent retrieval model is established. This method is found to improve the individual tree measurement in urban areas and LAI mapping in natural forest, and its results at consistent at different scales. The model is expected to facilitate the consistent retrieval of the forest leaf area index using ground and airborne data
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Schmitt, Sylvain. "Ecological genomics of niche exploitation and individual performance in tropical forest trees." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0247.
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Les forêts tropicales abritent la plus grande diversité d'espèces au monde, un fait qui reste en partie inexpliqué et dont l'origine est sujette à débat. Même à l'échelle de l'hectare, les forêts tropicales abritent des genres riches en espèces, avec des espèces d’arbres étroitement apparentées qui coexistent en sympatrie. En raison de contraintes phylogénétiques, on s'attend à ce que les espèces étroitement apparentées possèdent des niches et des stratégies fonctionnelles similaires, ce qui questionne les mécanismes de leur coexistence locale. Les espèces étroitement apparentées peuvent former un complexe d'espèces, composé d’espèces morphologiquement similaires ou qui partagent une importante proportion de leur variabilité génétique en raison d'une ascendance commune récente ou d'hybridation, et qui peut résulter d'une radiation écologique adaptative des espèces selon des gradients environnementaux. Malgré le rôle clé des complexes d'espèces dans l'écologie, la diversification et l'évolution des forêts néotropicales, les forces éco-évolutives qui créent et maintiennent la diversité au sein des complexes d'espèces néotropicales restent peu connues. Nous avons exploré la variabilité génétique intraspécifique comme un continuum au sein de populations structurées d'espèces étroitement apparentées, et mesuré son rôle sur la performance individuelle des arbres à travers la croissance dans le temps, tout en tenant compte des effets d'un environnement finement caractérisé au niveau abiotique et biotique. En combinant des inventaires forestiers, des données topographiques, des traits fonctionnels foliaires et des données de capture de gènes dans la station de recherche de Paracou, en Guyane Française, nous avons utilisé la génomique des populations, les analyses d'associations environnementales et génomiques, et la modélisation Bayésienne sur les complexes d'espèces Symphonia et Eschweilera clade Parvifolia. Nous avons montré que les complexes d'espèces d'arbres couvrent l’ensemble des gradients locaux de topographie et de compétition présents dans le site d'étude alors que la plupart des espèces qui les composent présentent une différenciation de niche marquée le long de ces mêmes gradients. Plus précisément, dans les complexes d'espèces étudiés, la diminution de la disponibilité en eau, par exemple depuis les bas-fonds jusqu’aux plateaux, a entraîné une modification des traits fonctionnels foliaires, depuis des stratégies d'acquisition à des stratégies conservatrices, tant entre les espèces qu'au sein de celles-ci. Les espèces de Symphonia sont génétiquement adaptées à la distribution de l'eau et des nutriments, elles coexistent donc localement en exploitant un large gradient d'habitats locaux. Inversement, les espèces d'Eschweilera sont différentiellement adaptées à la chimie du sol et évitent les habitats les plus humides et hydromorphes. Enfin, les génotypes individuels des espèces de Symphonia sont différentiellement adaptés pour se régénérer et croître en réponse à la fine dynamique spatio-temporelle des trouées forestières, avec des stratégies adaptatives de croissance divergentes le long des niches de succession. Par conséquent, la topographie et la dynamique des trouées forestières entraînent des adaptations spatio-temporelles à fine échelle des individus au sein et entre les espèces des complexes d'espèces Symphonia et Eschweilera. Je suggère que les adaptations à la topographie et à la dynamique des trouées forestières favorisent la coexistence des individus au sein et entre les espèces des complexes d'espèces, et peut-être plus généralement entre les espèces d'arbres de forêts matures. Dans l'ensemble, je soutiens le rôle primordial des individus au sein des espèces dans la diversité des forêts tropicales, et suggère que nous devrions élaborer une théorie de l'écologie des communautés en commençant par les individus, car les interactions avec les environnements se produisent après tout au niveau de l’individuTropical forests shelter the highest species diversity worldwide, a fact that remains partly unexplained and the origin of which is subject to debate. Even at the hectare-scale, tropical forests shelter species-rich genera with closely-related tree species coexisting in sympatry. Due to phylogenetic constraints, closely related species are expected to have similar niches and functional strategies, which raises questions on the mechanisms of their local coexistence. Closely related species may form a species complex, defined as morphologically similar species that share large amounts of genetic variation due to recent common ancestry and hybridization, and that can result from ecological adaptive radiation of species segregating along environmental gradients. Despite the key role of species complexes in Neotropical forest ecology, diversification, and evolution, little is known of the eco-evolutionary forces creating and maintaining diversity within Neotropical species complexes. We explored the intraspecific genomic variability as a continuum within structured populations of closely related species, and measured its role on individual tree performance through growth over time, while accounting for effects of a finely-characterized environment at the abiotic and biotic level. Combining tree inventories, LiDAR-derived topographic data, leaf functional traits, and gene capture data in the research station of Paracou, French Guiana, we used population genomics, environmental association analyses, genome-wide association studies and Bayesian modelling on the tree species complexes Symphonia and Eschweilera clade Parvifolia. We showed that the species complexes of Neotropical trees cover all local gradients of topography and competition and are therefore widespread in the study site whereas most of the species within them exhibit pervasive niche differentiation along these same gradients. Specifically, in the species complexes Symphonia and Eschweilera clade Parvifolia, the decrease in water availability due to higher topographic position, e.g., from bottomlands to plateaus, has led to a change in leaf functional traits from acquisitive strategies to conservative strategies, both among and within species. Symphonia species are genetically adapted to the distribution of water and nutrients, hence they coexist locally through exploiting a broad gradient of local habitats. Conversely, Eschweilera species are differentially adapted to soil chemistry and avoid the wettest, hydromorphic habitats. Last but not least, individual tree genotypes of Symphonia species are differentially adapted to regenerate and thrive in response to the fine spatio-temporal dynamics of forest gaps with divergent adaptive growth strategies along successional niches. Consequently, topography and the dynamics of forest gaps drive fine-scale spatio-temporal adaptations of individuals within and among distinct but genetically connected species within the species complexes Symphonia and Eschweilera clade Parvifolia. Fine-scale topography drives genetic divergence and niche differentiation with genetic adaptations among species, while forest gap dynamics maintains genetic diversity with divergent adaptive strategies within species. I suggest that adaptations of tree species and individuals to topography and dynamics of forest gaps promote coexistence within and among species within species complexes, and perhaps among mature forest tree species outside species complexes. Overall, I defend the primordial role of individuals within species in tropical forest diversity, suggesting that we should develop a theory of community ecology starting with individuals, because interactions with environments happen after all at the individual level
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Bevilacqua, Eddie. "Growth responses in individual eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) trees following partial cutting treatments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ41106.pdf.
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Nylander, Sofie. "Formativ bedömning i skrivundervisning : En intervjustudie av tre lågstadielärares erfarenheter." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-58345.
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Abstract This study investigates three primary school teachers’ experiences of working with formative assessment intended to develop pupils’ writing development. The study applies a sociocultural perspective to examine how teachers in grades 1–2 reason about their use of formative assessment to develop pupils’ writing. The study seeks to ascertain how the teachers reason about pupils’ texts in relation to the text triangle. The results of the study show that the teachers, in their work with formative assessment and writing development, proceed from set goals for the term which apply to all the pupils in that year. The teachers make the pupils aware of these goals by returning to them several times during the term. The intention is to remind the pupils of the goals. The three teachers also work with individual goals for the pupils via the pupils’ individual development plans. The informants all reason in much the same way about formative assessment in writing instruction in relation to the text triangle. The teachers consider that they work with the different qualities shown in the different levels of the text triangle, based on the pupils’ prior knowledge and experience of writing.
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Palmi, Maris. "'Energy Trees' for a humane and viable future : a social sculpture approach linking individual and social capital." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2015. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/3ceeac77-3a38-4e33-a48f-78a054d26476/1.
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This reflective commentary is an exploration into pragmatic and encouraging ways of how to become actively involved in the field of social sculpture. Inspired by Joseph Beuys’ famous quote ‘every human being is an artist’, this practice-based research study supports the hypothesis that, as potential artists, each human being is highly talented, and therefore able to bring great value to their communities and to the wider society. It suggests that one meaningful gift we could make to our society is developing and employing our talents – our unique inner capital – for social benefit and the common good; and that the consequence of this significant contribution would be synergetic growth and development of both individual and social capital. Therefore it would be of equal benefit to individuals, society, and environment. This study is informed and inspired by a set of dialogues and exchanges with Professor Shelley Sacks: the founder and director of the Social Sculpture Research Unit at Oxford Brookes University, and a leading expert, researcher, and developer in the field of contemporary social sculpture. The core part of this practice-based study, which is entitled the ‘Energy Trees’ project, is an exploration of how to create a space and conditions in which individuals can focus consciously on their positive qualities. The main components framing this practice are social sculpture strategies such as gifting attention, visualising the invisible, reflective dialogue, and imaginal thought, combined with its central methodological element of positive focus. Together these elements create a methodology that enables a more enlivening, encouraging, and connective way of perceiving the self, its social value, and its potential to contribute to sustainable and humane forms of social development. This process has been undertaken with twenty self-selecting participants who nevertheless reflect different backgrounds and age groups. Offering an artistic counterbalance to the destructive negativity, which seems to predominate in many current views, the visual embodiment of these twenty processes has confirmed the diversity and richness of human talents, capacities, and strengths. This study has also confirmed that more frameworks in which individuals could engage with their invisible inner capital are needed.
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Härlin, Anna. "Tre dimensioner av hållbar utveckling i tre regionala strukturfondsprogram : Hållbar utveckling – ett universellt ledord med en individuell betydelse?" Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Human Geography, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28098.
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Uppsatsen har ämnat bidra till diskussionen om hållbar utveckling genom att undersöka hur begreppet används inom de regionala strukturfondsprogrammen. Utifrån de tre dimensionerna av hållbar utveckling, social, ekonomisk och ekologisk, undersöks hur begreppet har behandlats i de tre regionala strukturfondsprogrammen för Skåne-Blekinge, Stockholm och Mellersta Norrland. Därigenom utreds också huruvida det förekommer några regionala skillnader. Uppsatsen utreder vilka faktorer som har påverkat programinnehållet och ställer frågan om regionernas syn på sig själva och rummet har haft någon betydelse. Vidare har uppsatsen analyserat vad dessa skillnader eller likheter kan komma att få för betydelse för Sveriges regionala utvecklingsarbete. Uppsatsen har dessutom haft ändamålet att testa lämpligheten av diskursanalysmetoden för denna undersökning. Resultaten visar bland annat att hur regionerna har sett på hållbar utveckling har berott på deras situation och vad de i övrigt har velat se för utveckling
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Litzén, Sanna, and Elias Awadis. "Belöningssystem : - En flerfallstudie i tre säljorganisationer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21323.
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Syfte: Studiens syfte är att förklara samt beskriva hur belöningssystem utformats i tre svenska säljorganisationer. Genom att studera de olika företagens belöningssystem vill vi beskriva vilka uppfattningar anställda har kring belöningssystem och hur de upplever sitt befintliga belöningssystem, samt vad som kan tänkas motivera individen att arbeta mot målkongruens i praktiken. Metod: I studien används kvalitativ metod och är utformad ur anställdas perspektiv. Vi har genomfört en flerfallsstudie och våra fallföretag är tre säljorganisationer belägna i Växjö. Insamlandet av empiri grundar sig på sex stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats:De tre studerade företagen har i stort sett liknande syn på sin definition av belöningssystem, där mycket berör motivation och målkongruens. De anställda uppfattar belöningssystem olika beroende på hur det är utformat i företagen. Företagen har utformat sina belöningssystem utifrån sin egen företagskultur, trots det finner de anställda drivkraft ur deras befintliga system. Eventuellt kan motivation påverkas av relation till företaget, ålder samt personliga preferenser.
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Andrade, Priscilla Valessa de Castro. "O que h? por tr?s das diferen?as individuais? Perfis comportamentais e fisiol?gicos em Betta splendens." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM PSICOBIOLOGIA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23842.
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De acordo com as mudan?as ambientais, os indiv?duos apresentam diferentes estrat?gias para lidar com os variados est?mulos externos. Os diferentes comportamentos compreendem os diferentes fen?tipos que comp?em uma popula??o. Essas diferen?as podem ser explicadas por altera??es end?genas, como a secre??o hormonal. Por exemplo, os horm?nios modulam comportamentos reprodutivos e processos cognitivos. Com o objetivo de caracterizar as diferen?as individuais em uma popula??o, o presente estudo teve como objetivo testar a rela??o entre os perfis comportamental e hormonal em um grupo de machos lutando peixes, Betta splendens. Um grupo de 86 machos foi observado para constru??o de ninho de bolha, exposi??es agon?sticas em competi??es coespec?ficas e desempenho em um protocolo de aprendizagem espacial. Depois disso, mediram-se os n?veis plasm?ticos de cortisol e testosterona. Um procedimento estat?stico inovador e elegante foi aplicado ao conjunto de dados para separar animais em grupos relacionados ao seu comportamento de constru??o de ninhos (teste de m?dias de k) e depois mostrar quais os par?metros comportamentais e fisiol?gicos que melhor explicam os perfis dos grupos (Random Forest and Classification Tree). Nossos resultados apontam para tr?s perfis distintos: construtores de ninhos (ninhos de 30,74 ? 9,84 cm?), intermedi?rios (ninhos de 13,57 ? 4,23 cm?) e n?o-construtores (ninhos de 2,17 ? 2,25 cm?). Estes grupos apresentaram diferen?as nos comportamentos agon?stico e de aprendizagem, bem como nos n?veis hormonais. O cortisol foi o principal preditor apontado pelo teste Random Forest para a separa??o de indiv?duos nos diferentes grupos: construtores de ninhos e intermedi?rios apresentaram n?veis mais baixos de cortisol, enquanto os n?o-construtores apresentaram os maiores valores de cortisol basal. O segundo mais importante preditor foi o desempenho de aprendizagem, que separou os animais intermedi?rios dos construtores de ninhos (aqueles que aprenderam mais r?pido), seguidos pelos n?veis basais de testosterona e comportamentos agon?sticos. Enquanto os n?veis de testosterona n?o foram significativos para explicar as diferen?as comportamentais, parece estar relacionado com o perfil de constru??o. Nosso achado mostra que diferentes perfis investem de forma diferente na reprodu??o e que o cortisol influencia negativamente o comportamento e a aprendizagem do nidifica??o. Em resumo, nossos dados sugerem que diferentes perfis em uma popula??o s?o determinados por respostas hormonais e comportamentais, e essas diferen?as conferem flexibilidade ? popula??o, permitindo a presen?a de animais que investem mais na reprodu??o enquanto outros mostram defesa e agress?o como a dominante caracter?stica expressa.
According to environmental changes, the individuals show different strategies to coping with the varied external stimuli. The different responders comprise the different phenotypes that compose a population. These differences can be explained by endogenous changes, such as hormonal secretion. For instance, hormones modulate reproductive behaviors and cognitive processes. In order to characterize individual differences in a population, the present study aimed to testing the relationship between behavioral and hormonal profiles in a group of males Fighting fish, Betta splendens. A group of 86 males were observed for bubble nest construction, agonistic displays in conspecific contests and performance in a spatial learning protocol. After that, cortisol and testosterone plasma levels were measured. An innovative and stylish statistical procedure was applied to the data set in order to separate animal in groups related to its nest building behavior (k-means test) and then shown which behavioral and physiological parameters better explain the groups? profiles (Random forest and Classification tree). Our results point to three distinct profiles: nest builders (nests of 30.74 ? 9.84 cm?), intermediates (nests of 13.57 ? 4.23 cm?) and non-builders (nests of 2.17 ? 2.25 cm?). These groups presented marked different in agonistic and learning behavior, as well as hormone levels. Cortisol was the main predictor prepared by the Random Forest test for the separation of individuals in the different groups: nest builders and intermediates showed lower levels of cortisol while non-builders presented the highest basal cortisol values. The second most important predictor was learning performance, that separated animals from the intermediate from the nest builders (faster learners), followed by basal testosterone levels and agonistic behavior displays. While the testosterone levels were not significant to explain behavioral differences, it seems to be related to the construction profile. Our finding shows that different profiles invest differently in reproduction and that cortisol negatively influences nesting behavior and learning. In summary, our data suggest that different profiles in a population are determined by both hormonal and behavioral responses, and these differences confer flexibility to the population, allowing the presence of animals that invest the most in reproduction while other show defense and aggression as the dominant feature expressed.
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Andersson, Sara. "Om individanpassad matematikundervisning i praktiken : en intervjustudie med tre pedagoger i grundskolans tidigare år." Thesis, Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2940.
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Studies show that the performance of Swedish students in the subject of mathematics is to be considered somewhat average. The government has therefore decided to assist with extended project funding to schools on a local level in order to improve these results.
Schools will, unlike before, practice teaching suited for the individual needs of students based on their previous experiences, knowledge level, language comprehension and their environment. This is also clearly stated in the Swedish school curriculum.
My survey shows how three teachers in primary school actually work towards individualized teaching of mathematics and what methods they prefer. This survey also answered what these teachers considered to be the obstacles and opportunities with individualized teaching methods. The difference in approach of how to practice this has also been documented.
The survey, based on interviews and class observations, have been analyzed and compared to previous research and theories in the field of teaching practices. The conclusion of the survey is that all teachers have a different opinion and approach on how to practice individualized teaching methods. The difference in interpretation of the concept is clear. The biggest obstacle is said to be lack of resources in the terms of work material and staff.
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DeGomez, Tom, Christopher J. Fettig, Steven Munson, and Stephen R. McKelvey. "Drift Resulting from Ground-based Sprays of Carbaryl to Protect Individual Trees from Bark Beetle Attack in the Western United States." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144788.
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4 pp.DeGomez, T. 2006. Preventing Bark Beetle Attacks on Conifers with Insecticides. University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Bulletin, AZ1380. Tucson, Arizona.
A common method of protecting individual trees from bark beetle attack in the western U.S. is to saturate the tree bole with carbaryl using a hydraulic sprayer at high pressure. With this type of application method spray deposition will occur off-target and may contact open waters where sensitive species are subject to the toxic effects of the pesticide. We report on a recent study in which the authors reported carbaryl drift resulting from single tree protection treatments poses little threat to adjacent aquatic environments, a primary concern when treating trees in campgrounds in the Western United States. Using reasonable no-spray buffers will ensure that adjacent aquatic environments are protected from any negative impacts.
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Cubas, Rafael. "RESTABELECIMENTO DE Araucaria angustifolia E Ocotea porosa APÓS SETE DÉCADAS DA EXPLORAÇÃO FLORESTAL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3787.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorResearch in the growth of tree species are very important for the management and conservation of forest remnants. Disturbances that occur in the forest are responsible for the dynamic formation of gaps, which directly influence the establishment and growth of species. Historical records and evidence showed that a remnant of 26 hectares of Mixed Ombrophyllous Forest, located in the Três Barras National Forest, Santa Catarina state, abandoned after intensive logging performed between the period 1911 to 1940, taking shape as an important remaining for growth studies of species after anthropogenic disturbances. Thus, the growth of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze and Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart.) Barroso was measured in its base, breast height and crown insertion point and or bole bifurcation height, by partial trunk analysis, to construct growth series for each evaluated position and model the periodical annual increment in basal area (IPAG) for the last five years in the DBH. The trees were randomly selected and increment samples were taken with the use of Pressler`s borer. In the laboratory, the growth rings were measured, synchronized with the aid of COFECHA program and constructed time series. The individual tree model type was developed by stepwise procedure and the increment in basal area (dependent variable) and the dimensional variables and the competitive status of the trees, as independent variables. Statistical criteria for the selection of models were the adjusted coefficient of determination (R²aj.), Standard error of estimate (Syx) and the graphical distribution of residuals. Results showed that the thicker trees from Araucaria angustifolia and Ocotea porosa regenerated after the logging conducted, leading to the restoration of the forest. The width of the growth rings on each radial sample show a wide variation in successive years, but the growth rings formed in the crown insertion point presents more uniformity. The logarithmic transformation of IPAG and the independent variables: diameter at breast height, hegyi index and crown length, have allowed creating models describing the growth of trees under different environmental conditions.
Pesquisas no âmbito do crescimento de espécies arbóreas são muito importantes para o manejo e a conservação de remanescentes florestais. Distúrbios que ocorrem na floresta são os responsáveis pela dinâmica da formação de clareiras, que influenciam diretamente no estabelecimento e no crescimento das espécies arbóreas. Registros e evidências históricas apontaram que um remanescente de 26 ha de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, localizado na Floresta Nacional de Três Barras, município de Três Barras, SC, foi abandonado após intensa exploração madeireira entre o período de 1911 a 1940, configurando-se como um remanescente importante para estudos de crescimento das espécies frente aos distúrbios antrópicos. Desse modo, o crescimento de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze e Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart.) Barroso foi estudado na posição da base, no diâmetro à altura do peito, no ponto de inserção da copa e na altura de bifurcação do fuste por análise de tronco parcial, visando construir séries de crescimento para cada posição avaliada e modelar o incremento periódico anual em área basal (IPAg) para os últimos cinco anos no dap. As árvores foram selecionadas aleatoriamente e os rolos de incremento amostrados com o uso de trado de Pressler. No laboratório, os anéis de crescimento foram mensurados, sincronizados com auxílio do programa COFECHA e construídas as séries cronológicas. O modelo tipo de árvore individual foi desenvolvido pelo procedimento stepwise, tendo o incremento em área basal (variável dependente), as variáveis dimensionais e o status competitivo das árvores amostradas, como variáveis independentes. Os critérios estatísticos para a seleção dos modelos foram o coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R²aj.), erro padrão da estimativa (Syx) e a distribuição gráfica dos resíduos. Os resultados comprovaram que as árvores mais grossas amostradas de Araucaria angustifolia e Ocotea porosa regeneraram-se logo após a exploração madeireira, dando origem ao restabelecimento da floresta. A largura dos anéis de crescimento em cada amostra radial apresenta grande variação em anos sucessivos, mas os anéis de crescimento formados no ponto de inserção da copa apresentam-se homogêneos. A transformação logarítmica do IPAg e as variáveis independentes: diâmetro à altura do peito, índice de Hegyi e comprimento de copa, permitiram obter modelos que descrevem o crescimento de árvores submetidas a diferentes condições ambientais.
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Cais, Carlos Filinto da Silva 1971. "Tentativa de suicidio recorrente : um estudo clinico de individuos que tentaram o suicidio ao menos tres vezes." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311436.
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Orientador: Neury Jose BotegaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T23:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cais_CarlosFilintodaSilva_M.pdf: 11229550 bytes, checksum: a9dd21a89813b1247415690cf31f50e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: A quase totalidade dos dados sobre indivíduos que repetem tentativas de suicídio provêm de países desenvolvidos. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o perfil clínico de 61 indivíduos que deram entrada no Pronto Socorro do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas por uma tentativa de suicídio que era, pelo menos, a terceira de suas vidas. Tal descrição foi feita através da comparação com 102 indivíduos que deram entrada no mesmo pronto socorro pela primeira tentativa de suicídio de suas vidas. Dados sociodemográfícos e clínicos foram coletados através do questionário WHO/SUPRE-MISS, o qual continha também diversas escalas psicométricas. No grupo dos repetidores havia maior proporção de mulheres (83.6% vs 56.8%; OR= 4,47), indivíduos na faixa etária entre 25 e 44 anos, em pior situação ocupacional e com maior disfunção no desempenho de papéis sociais (OR= 2,5; 3,1 e 1.05 respectivamente). Repetidores também apresentaram mais sintomas depressivos. Talvez em nossa cultura mulheres tenham melhor retomo em termos de pedido de socorro e/ou mudança de ambiente após a tentativa de suicídio, o que encorajaria a repetição do ato
Abstract: The great majority of data regarding individuals with repeated suicide attempts were obtained from developed countries- The aim of this study is to describe the clinical profile of 61 Brazilian individuals who attempted suicide at least three times and compare them to 102 who were brought to a university hospital for their first suicide attempt. Socio-démographie and clinical data were collected using the WHO/SUPRE-MISS questionnaire, which also comprises several psychometric scales. In the repeaters' group, there were more women (83.6% vs 56.8%; OR= 4,47), 25-44 year-old subjects, worse occupational status and social role performance disability (OR= 2.5, 3.1 and 1.05 respectively). Repeaters also had higher scores on depression. Maybe in our culture women would obtain better feedback with such behavior, that is, help and/or change in the environment, which would encourage the repetition of the act
Mestrado
Saude Mental
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
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Höglund, Björn. "Individuell övning med fokus på elbas : Tre elbasisters syn på sin egen övning och utveckling." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för konstnärliga studier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37013.
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Studiens syfte är att belysa några yrkesverksamma elbasisters syn på egen utveckling och dess samband med övning. Som metod har halvstrukturerade intervjuer använts. Informanterna utgörs av tre yrkesverksamma elbasister som berättar om sin syn på övning och utveckling samt vad de anser vara viktigt för att utvecklas som elbasist. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för denna studie är ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv då målet är att göra en djupare analys och tolkning av de intervjuades livsvärld. Resultatet visar att informanterna tycker att viktiga byggstenar i utvecklingen är att spela tillsammans med andra och lyssna på musik. De beskriver också sin syn på övning, tonbildning och sound samt sina upplevelser av att spela musik. Förhoppningen är att studien ska kunna bidra till mer instrumentspecifik forskning om övning samt inspirera utövare till att diskutera och dela med sig av sina varierade erfarenheter av övning.The study aims to highlight some professional bass players approach to self-development and its connection with the exercise. The method that has been used is semi-structured interviews. The informants consist of three professional bass players who tell us about their views on practicing and development and what they consider to be important to develop as a bass player. The theoretical basis for this study is a hermeneutic perspective when the goal is to do a deeper analysis and interpretation of the interviewed life-world. The result shows that the interviewees think that the important building blocks in the development are to play with others and listen to music. They also describe their view of exercise, voice production and sound as well as their experiences of playing music. It is hoped that the study will contribute to more instrument-specific research on exercise and inspire practitioners to discuss and share their varied experiences of exercise.
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Aducci, Christopher John. "Itti'at akka' wáyya'ahookya ikkobaffo (Trees bend, but don’t break): Chickasaw family stories of historical trauma and resilience across the generations." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15546.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Family Studies and Human Services
Joyce A. Baptist
The Chickasaw represent one non-reservation bound American Indian tribe whose experiences of family life, historical trauma and resilience has not been fully understood. Therefore, this study sought to identify the qualities common to Chickasaw families, Chickasaw families' experiences of historical trauma and the factors that contribute to Chickasaw families' ability to persevere under adversarial circumstances. Using in-depth phenomenological interviews with nine (N = 9) three-generation minimum Chickasaw families, four central themes emerged that answered the four research questions. The first theme, "Chokka-chaffa' Nanna Mó̲́đma Ímmayya/The Family Is Everything" indicated that Chickasaw families were a heterogeneously complex system with a natural orientation toward the family unit itself, whereby the families valued emotional closeness, warmth and affection, quality time together, praise, respect and openness. Families were involved with one another and were active participants in strengthening their own families and communities. Families were prideful of family members' accomplishments and valued extended kin and spirituality. Further, families were confronted with challenges, but showed an ability to "bend, but not break," often citing the very same qualities, such as involvement, pride and an orientation toward family, as contributing to their ability to solve problems and keep the family unit intact. The second theme, "Impalahá̲mmi Bíyyi'ka/They Have It Really Bad," indicated the families experienced historical trauma by mourning the loss of land, language, culture and identity and that losses went unacknowledged by their non-Native counterparts and were ongoing, thus expecting to affect younger and future generations. The third theme, "Chikashsha Poyacha Ilaa-áyya'shakatí̲'ma/We Are Chickasaw, and We Are Still Here" indicated that despite hardships, families saw resilience as a trait found within their Chickasaw heritage. Maintaining a positive outlook, a spirit of determination, a fierce loyalty toward family members and a close connection to the Chickasaw Nation further contributed to families' resilience. The fourth theme, "Hooittapila/They Help One Another" indicated that resilient qualities were passed in a multidirectional pattern throughout all generations of family members, whereby family members from all generations supported and uplifted one another. Also discussed are the study's strengths and limitations and the clinical and research implications for Chickasaw families.
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Tillon, Laurent. "Utilisation des gîtes et des terrains de chasse par les chiroptères forestiers, propositions de gestion conservatoire." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30384/document.
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Production de bois et autres ressources (gibier, champignons,...), conservation de la biodiversité et gestion des paysages, la forêt a suscité de riches débats depuis quelques années, le Grenelle de l'Environnement ayant révélé des intérêts parfois contradictoires. Si le gestionnaire forestier tente de développer autant que possible une gestion multifonctionnelle de ses forêts, il reste dépendant des connaissances fragmentaires sur les interactions dans les écosystèmes forestiers. La politique actuelle, qui vise à concilier la production de bois et la préservation des espèces, repose plus sur des expériences de terrain que sur des études étayées scientifiquement. Les Chiroptères comptent des espèces candidates pour étudier l'influence de la gestion forestière sur la biodiversité : le jour, elles occupent des gîtes arboricoles et, la nuit, elles exploitent des habitats forestiers pour chasser leurs proies, qui dépendent elles-mêmes de micro-habitats forestiers. Pour aider le gestionnaire à mettre en œuvre une stratégie de gestion conservatoire, nous avons étudié l'utilisation des ressources de la forêt par trois espèces : Myotis bechsteinii, Myotis nattereri et Plecotus auritus. La radio-localisation a permis d'identifier des réseaux d'arbres-gîte dont l'occupation varie selon les espèces, leur statut reproducteur et l'implication dans le comportement de fission-fusion des colonies de parturition. Les différentes utilisations des gîtes impliquent une stratégie de gestion propre à chaque espèce, voire à chaque colonie de reproduction. Procurant a priori de potentiels gîtes et proies, le bois mort debout favorise la richesse spécifique des Chiroptères forestiers à partir de 25 m3 à l'hectare, mais une stratification de la végétation pourrait être un objectif de gestion, la réponse des espèces était essentiellement liée à la structure forestière des trouées induites par le bois mort. Ce travail a ensuite nécessité de s'intéresser aux méthodes permettant de comprendre l'utilisation de l'espace par chaque individu (domaine vital) et la façon dont chacun d'eux fréquente ses terrains de chasse (sélection de l'habitat). Compte tenu des limites technologiques, le Kernel semble actuellement la meilleure méthode de représentation et de calcul de surface du domaine vital alors que la K-select a livré des résultats significatifs pour mettre en évidence des facteurs de sélection d'habitat. Les surfaces des domaines vitaux et des centres d'activité varient selon les espèces, Myotis bechsteinii associe de petites surfaces à un comportement territorial, surtout en période d'allaitement. M. nattereri et Plecotus auritus peuvent exploiter de grands espaces sur lesquels ils se limitent à de petits centres d'activité. Les colonies de ces dernières pourront plus facilement se déplacer dans leur domaine vital au gré des itinéraires de gestion mis en œuvre. Les caractéristiques des habitats forestiers utilisés comme terrains de chasse varient selon les espèces, voire le sexe, l'âge et le statut reproducteur des individus, mais toutes trois montrent une forte sélectivité pour les peuplements forestiers présentant un fort encombrement végétal, des gros arbres et une forte structuration du peuplement. Cinq principes de gestion dans un contexte fort de production de bois sont développés en conclusion des résultats avec deux exemples de stratégies de gestion destinée au maintien des ChiroptèresThe forest is the center of many interests that fuel the debates of our society. These debates are particularly exacerbated since the french " Grenelle de l'Environnement " in 2008. Among the various expectations, forest produce wood that is the subject of attentions, both by an increased demand for certain types of trees and by the naturalist world which sees in it one of last refuges for biodiversity in our modified landscapes. Thus, if the forest manager is trying to develop a management that is as much multifunctional as possible, it remains dependent on fragmented knowledge on the link between biodiversity and the forest ecosystem. Despite the establishment of a conservation policy that seeks to balance timber production and species preservation, the way to conduct such a policy is based on concrete field experiences yet scientifically unsubstantiated. Bats are good candidate species to study the response of biodiversity to forest management: they select networks of tree-roosts in which they form breeding colonies composed of several dozen individuals and they exploit forest habitats to hunt their prey, prey which themselves depend on forest microhabitats. However, their study is recent in forest and provides very vague management guidelines. To help managers implement a conservation management strategy, we thus studied the behavior of forest usage by three species of gleaning bats, Myotis bechsteinii, Myotis nattereri and Plecotus auritus. This work required to focus on the methods available to understand the use of space by each individual (home range) and how each individual selects its hunting habitats. We showed that each species had a unique response to available habitats and that the status of individuals (sex, age and reproductive status) intervenes in explaining the selection of tree roosts and hunting grounds. Both compartments are constrained by the availability of suitable habitat, helping to explain the structuring of habitat selection factors and the shape and surface of individual home ranges. Furthermore, the way networks of tree-roost are used partly explains the types of roosts selected. These different results means that it is necessary to lay down specific management strategies for each species, even each breeding colony. Finally, we studied the role of deadwood to explain the presence of bats in forests. We have shown that species richness increased from standing deadwood of 25m3 per hectare, while the response of species to deadwood was mainly restricted to forest habitat structure produced by the gaps resulting from the deadwood patch, favoring particularly edge-foraging species. Some species do however clearly benefit from insects emerging from deadwood. Five recommendations are proposed for the conservation of these species in a context of strong wood production
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Eriksson, Sofia. "Att se utsatta elever : Tre skolkuratorers perspektiv på hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Religion and Culture, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5762.
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Denna studie i socialantropologi är baserad på kvalitativa intervjuer med tre skolkuratorer. Den handlar om deras uppfattningar om och erfarenheter av hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Hedersproblematiken har sina rötter i kollektivets dominans över individen, patriarkala mönster och kulturkrock. Skolan har ett stort ansvar att se de utsatta eleverna, men det råder skilda meningar om vilka som utsätts. Vanligtvis ses flickor som offer för fäders och bröders våld i familjerna, men skolkuratorernas erfarenheter visar att alla individer i familjer där hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck existerar tycks i varierande grad vara delaktiga i våldet, och att även pojkarna kan vara offer.
This thesis in Social Anthropology is based on interviews with three school-councelors. It´s about their experiences and perceptions of honour-related violence and oppression. Honour-problemacy has it´s roots in the dominance of the collective over the individual, patriarchal patterns and collision between cultures. The school has a large responsibility to see the exposed students, but there are different opinions on who are the exposed. Normally, girls are seen as the victims of the violence of the father and brothers in their families, but the experiences of school-councelors show that all individuals in families where honour-related violence and oppression exists, seems to be perticipants in the violence, and that the boys also can be the victims.
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Abbott, Eric Justin. "Cutting trees with lasers : isolation of high quality RNA, enzymatically active protein and metabolites from individual tissue types of white spruce stems obtained using laser microdissection." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24249.
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Laser-assisted microdissection has been established for isolation of individual tissue types from herbaceous plants. However, there are few reports of cell- and tissue-specific analysis in woody perennials. While microdissected tissues are commonly analyzed for gene expression, reports of protein, enzyme activity and metabolite analysis are limited due in part to an inability to amplify these molecules. Conifer stem tissues are organized in a regular pattern with xylem, phloem and cortex development controlled by the activity of the cambial zone (CZ). Defense responses of conifer stems against insects and pathogens involve increased accumulation of terpenoids in cortical resin ducts (CRDs) and de novo formation of traumatic resin ducts from CZ initials. Woody plants are difficult to study at the level of individual tissues or cell-types and are thus good candidates for application of LMD. This thesis describes robust methods for isolation of individual tissue-types from white spruce (Picea glauca) stems for analysis of RNA, enzyme activity and metabolites. A tangential cryosectioning approach was important for obtaining large quantities of CRD and CZ tissues using LMD. Differential expression is reported for genes involved in terpenoid metabolism between CRD and CZ tissues and in response to treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Transcript levels of β-pinene synthase and levopimaradiene/abietadiene synthase were constitutively higher in CRDs, but induction was stronger in CZ in response to MeJA. 3-Carene synthase was more strongly induced in CRDs compared to CZ. A differential induction pattern was observed for 1-deoxyxyulose-5-phosphate synthase, which was up-regulated in CRDs and down-regulated in CZ. We identified terpene synthase enzyme activity in CZ protein extracts and terpenoid metabolites in both CRD and CZ tissues. Combined analysis of transcripts, proteins and metabolites of individual tissues will facilitate future characterization of complex processes of woody plant development, including periodic stem growth and dormancy, cell specialization, and defense and may be applied widely to other plant species.
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Hunter, Susan E. "Meanings and values associated with forests, woodland and trees in Wales : exploring the complexities of individual and group identity within the context of forestry and culture." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405318.
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Carrillo, Mauriz Luz. "Noción de individuo en tres cuentos de Julio Ramón Ribeyro: “Dirección equivocada” (1957), “Una aventura nocturna” (1958) y “De color modesto” (1961)." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4957.
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Expone conceptos sobre el individuo como fruto de la modernidad y su implicancia artística y literaria partiendo de que el sujeto individual comporta las nociones de autonomía, razón, libre ejercicio de la voluntad y la autocreación según lo planteado por el pensamiento moderno. Examina aspectos del campo semántico de la poética narrativa de Julio Ramón Ribeyro que son expuestos en sus Prosas Apátridas, en sus Diarios y en la introducción de La palabra del mudo, edición de 1977. Analiza e interpreta elementos narrativos de los cuentos “Dirección equivocada”, “Una aventura nocturna” y “De color modesto”. En primer término el autor implicado y luego los procedimientos en torno a narrador y focalización, personajes, y tiempo en cada uno de los cuentos seleccionados. Posteriormente se desarrolla interpretativamente la noción de individuo que emerge del mundo representado. Aborda los siguientes temas: la ciudad y sus habitantes, individuos en luchas infructuosas, escepticismo y solidaridad en el mundo representado, e individuo y construcción de un sujeto moderno.Tesis
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Vaitkevičiūtė, Rasa. "Arlaviškių kadagyno būklės tyrimai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090615_114457-62776.
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Magistro darbe tiriama paprastųjų kadagių būklė, pažeidimo priežastys, menkaverčių medžių ir krūmų paplitimas ir gausa, būklės pokyčiai 1998 – 2008 metais, dendrometriniai rodikliai, patrauklumas lankytojams.
Darbo objektas - Dubravos eksperimentinės mokomosios miškų urėdijos Šilėnų girininkijos 61 kv. 15skl. 2,6ha plote augantis kadagynas, įeinantis i Kauno marių regioninio parko Arlaviškių botaninio draustinio teritoriją.
Tyrimo tikslas - Įvertinti Arlaviškių botaniniame draustinyje augančio kadagyno būklę.
Darbo metodai – instrumentinis dendrometrinių rodiklių nustatymas, vizualinis kadagių būklės, kitų medžių ir krūmų rūšių gausos įvertinimas, anketinis objekto patrauklumo lankytojams vertinimas.
Darbo rezultatai – 2008 metais kadagynui nustatyti šie dendrometriniai rodikliai: Dvid= 10.1 cm, Hvid = 6.5 m, Avid = 55 m. Aukščiausi kadagiai siekia 12.5 m, storiausi – 22.5 cm. Kadagyno vidutinis tankumas 1232 vnt/ha. Kadagyno individų daugumą sudaro krūminę formą turintys kadagiai (68,1 %), likusieji 32,9 % - medeliai. Tarp medelių 30 % turi koloniškąją formą (Juniperus communis ‘Hibernica‘), bei 1–2% svyruoklinę (Juniperus communis ’Oblonga Pendula’). Kadagynas apibūdinamas kaip vidutiniškai pažeistas. Jame sveiki individai sudaro 10,8 %, įvairiu laipsniu pažeisti 68,7 %, sausuoliai – 20.5 %. Pagrindinės kadagyno pažeidimų priežastys: per tankios individų grupės ir individų tarpusavio sąveika (37,7 %), įvairūs kirtimai (46 %), šakų laužymas (11,1 %), kadagių ligos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Master's work examined the conventional status of juniper, of demage causes negligible trees and shrubs prevalence and abundance, changes of state from 1998 to 2008, tree measurement indicators, attractiveness to visitors. Job object - Dubrava experimental educational forest enterprise Silėnai forestrys 61 compartment 15 sebcompartment 2.6 ha growing junipers formations, that included to the Gulf of Kaunas Regional Park Reserve of Arlaviškių botanical area. The aim of the study - To evaluate Arlaviškes botanical reserves growing junipers growing area condition. Working methods - instrumental tree measurement indicators. Visual status of juniper and other trees and shrubs of species abundance assessment. Personal assessment of the object's attractiveness to visitors. Study results - 2008 Juniper formation the following tree measurement indicators Dvid = 10.1 cm, Hvid = 6.5 m, Avid = 55 years Juniper aims to the highest 12.5 m, thick trees - 22.5 cm. Juniper formation average density of 1232 units/ha. Juniper formation individuals constitute the majority of the indigenous form of Juniper (68.1%), the remaining 32.9% - saplings. Among the trees by 30% to Juniperus communis' Hibernicus ' form, and 1 - 2% Juniperus communis' Oblonga Pendula'. Juniper formation defined as the average demage. It consists of 10.8% healthy individuals, varying the degree of prejudice to 68.7%, dry trees - 20.5%. The main causes of demage juniper formation: density of individuals within the group... [to full text]
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Laranja, Danitiele Cristina França. "Estudo de parâmetros populacionais de plantios clonais de Eucalyptus spp. a partir de nuvens de pontos obtidos com escaneamento a laser aerotransportado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-09082016-165442/.
Full textAbstract:
As florestas plantadas contribuem para o desenvolvimento econômico, social e ambiental brasileiro, e o setor florestal busca plantios cada vez mais produtivos e melhor aproveitados. A tecnologia a laser aerotransportada (ALS - Airborne Laser Scanning), capaz de gerar informações tridimensionais precisas em extensas áreas e em pequeno intervalo de tempo, tem se destacado nas aplicações florestais, sendo utilizada na quantificação e caracterização de florestas. Neste estudo foram utilizados dados ALS obtidos em dois sobrevoos (2013 e 2014), cobrindo uma área de plantio do gênero Eucalyptus com diferentes clones e idades, localizada no estado de São Paulo. Esta dissertação é dividida em três partes. A primeira buscou avaliar a combinação de métricas ALS e de dupla amostragem nas estimativas de volume e na redução da intensidade amostral, comparando seus resultados aos de métodos amostrais tradicionais. Os resultados mostraram que a dupla amostragem obteve o menor erro de amostragem dentre os delineamentos, permitindo a redução do esforço amostral. A segunda parte visou caracterizar as diferenças estruturais existentes entre clones de eucalipto, com diferentes idades, a partir de métricas ALS e perfis de altura do dossel (CHP). O estudo mostrou que é possível distinguir a estrutura do dossel dos clones, o que pode contribuir com melhorias nas estimativas e no gerenciamento dos plantios comerciais. Na última parte, foram avaliados dois algoritmos de detecção de árvores individuais quanto à quantificação dos indivíduos e os efeitos da composição (tamanho de célula e filtragem) do modelo digital de alturas (CHM) no desempenho desses algoritmos. Verificou-se que as características do CHM influenciam na detecção. A estratégia com melhor desempenho resultou em um erro médio relativo de 11% no número de indivíduos.Planted forests contribute to the economic, social and environmental development of Brazil, and the forest industry aims to increase productivity and the efficient use of these plantations. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) technology, capable of generating accurate three-dimensional information, covering large areas in a short time, has highlighted potential in forestry applications and has been applied in forests quantification and characterization. In this study, ALS data were obtained from two flights (2013 and 2014), covering a Eucalyptus plantation area with different clones and ages, in the state of São Paulo. This thesis comprises three parts. The first study aimed to evaluate the combination of ALS metrics and double sampling design for volume estimates and reducing sampling intensity, comparing the results to traditional sampling methods. Results showed that the double sampling had the lowest error from the designs, allowing the reduction of the sampling effort. The second part was proposed to characterize the structural differences between Eucalyptus clones with different ages, based on metrics ALS and canopy height profiles (CHP). The study showed that it is possible to distinguish the canopy structure of the clones, which can contribute to improvements in estimates and management of commercial plantations. In the last study, two individual tree detection algorithms were evaluated for quantification of individuals, and the effect of the canopy height model (CHM) composition at the performance of these algorithms was analyzed. It was found that the CHM characteristics influence the tree detection. The strategy with better performance resulted in an average relative error of 11% in number of trees.