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Academic literature on the topic 'Individual tree'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Individual tree"

1

Trouillier, Mario, Marieke van der Maaten-Theunissen, Jill Harvey, David Würth, Martin Schnittler, and Martin Wilmking. "Visualizing Individual Tree Differences in Tree-Ring Studies." Forests 9, no. 4 (April 19, 2018): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9040216.

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Temesgen, Hailemariam, and Stephen J. Mitchell. "An Individual-Tree Mortality Model for Complex Stands of Southeastern British Columbia." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 20, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/20.2.101.

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Abstract An individual-tree mortality model was developed for major tree species in complex stands (multi-cohort, multiaged, and mixed species) of southeastern British Columbia (BC), Canada. Data for 29,773 trees were obtained from permanent sample plots established in BC. Average annual diameter increment and mortality rates ranged from 0.08 to 0.17 cm/year and from 0.3 to 2.6%, respectively. Approximately 70% of the trees were used for model development and 30% for model evaluation. After evaluating the model, all 29,773 trees were used to fit the final model. A generalized logistic model was used to relate mortality to tree size, competition, and relative position of trees in a stand. The evaluation test demonstrated that the model appears to be well behaved and robust for the tree species considered in this study. For the eight tree species, the average deviation between observed and predicted annual mortality rates varied from −0.5 to 0.7% in the test data. West. J. Appl. For. 20(2):101–109.

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Hindell, MA, and AK Lee. "Tree Use by Individual Koalas in a Natural Forest." Wildlife Research 15, no. 1 (1988): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880001.

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The home ranges and species of trees used by 20 koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) were determined in a forest in Victoria containing 6 Eucalyptus spp. Eight animals showed a preference for a tree species from those available within their home ranges. Four koalas preferred E. viminalis, 2 E. ovata and 2 E. macrorhyncha. Preference for tree species was detected only where the preferred species was in low abundance within the animal's home range. These observations confirm that koalas may show individual differences in the species of food trees they prefer. E. viminalis, the preferred species of this population, was the predominant tree species within the home range of 15 of the koalas, which may account for the lack of evidence of preference in the majority of animals.

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Qin, Jianhua, and Quang V. Cao. "Using disaggregation to link individual-tree and whole-stand growth models." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-284.

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Data from 200 plots randomly selected from the Southwide Pine Seed Source Study of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were used to fit whole-stand and individual-tree equations. Another 100 plots, also randomly selected, were used for validation. Outputs from the individual-tree model were then adjusted to match observed stand attributes (number of trees, basal area, and volume per hectare) by four disaggregation methods: proportional yield, proportional growth, constrained least squares, and coefficient adjustment. The first three are existing methods, and the fourth is new. The four methods produced similar results, and the coefficient adjustment was then selected as the method to disaggregate predicted stand growth among trees in the tree list. Results showed that, compared to the unadjusted individual tree model, the adjusted tree model performed much better in predicting stand attributes, while providing comparable predictions of tree diameter, height, and survival probability. The proposed approach showed promise in the ongoing effort to link growth models having different resolutions.

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Yang, Yuqing, Shongming Huang, Shawn X. Meng, Guillermo Trincado, and Curtis L. VanderSchaaf. "A multilevel individual tree basal area increment model for aspen in boreal mixedwood stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 11 (November 2009): 2203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-123.

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Based on a multilevel nonlinear mixed model approach, a basal area increment model was developed for individual aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) trees growing in boreal mixedwood stands in Alberta. Various stand and tree characteristics were evaluated for their contributions to model improvement. Total stand basal area, basal area of larger trees, and the ratio of target tree height to maximum stand height were found to be significant predictors. When random effects were modeled at the plot level alone, correlations among normalized residuals remained significant. These correlations were successfully removed when random effects were modeled at both plot and tree levels. The predictive abilities of two alternative models were evaluated at the population, plot, and tree levels. At the tree level, a tree measured at the first growth period was used for estimating random parameters, and basal area increments of that tree in future growth periods were subsequently predicted. At the plot level, one to five trees in each plot at each growth period were used to estimate random parameters. Basal area increments of the remaining trees in the same plot at the same growth period were subsequently predicted. The final model provided accurate predictions at all three levels.

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Mahour, Milad, Valentyn Tolpekin, and Alfred Stein. "Automatic Detection of Individual Trees from VHR Satellite Images Using Scale-Space Methods." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 7194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247194.

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This research investigates the use of scale-space theory to detect individual trees in orchards from very-high resolution (VHR) satellite images. Trees are characterized by blobs, for example, bell-shaped surfaces. Their modeling requires the identification of local maxima in Gaussian scale space, whereas location of the maxima in the scale direction provides information about the tree size. A two-step procedure relates the detected blobs to tree objects in the field. First, a Gaussian blob model identifies tree crowns in Gaussian scale space. Second, an improved tree crown model modifies this model in the scale direction. The procedures are tested on the following three representative cases: an area with vitellaria trees in Mali, an orchard with walnut trees in Iran, and one case with oil palm trees in Indonesia. The results show that the refined Gaussian blob model improves upon the traditional Gaussian blob model by effectively discriminating between false and correct detections and accurately identifying size and position of trees. A comparison with existing methods shows an improvement of 10–20% in true positive detections. We conclude that the presented two-step modeling procedure of tree crowns using Gaussian scale space is useful to automatically detect individual trees from VHR satellite images for at least three representative cases.

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Forrester, David I. "Does individual-tree biomass growth increase continuously with tree size?" Forest Ecology and Management 481 (February 2021): 118717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118717.

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Foroozan, Zeynab, Jussi Grießinger, Kambiz Pourtahmasi, and Achim Bräuning. "Evaluation of Different Pooling Methods to Establish a Multi-Century δ18O Chronology for Paleoclimate Reconstruction." Geosciences 9, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9060270.

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To develop multi-century stable isotope chronologies from tree rings, pooling techniques are applied to reduce laboratory costs and time. However, pooling of wood samples from different trees may have adverse effects on the signal amplitude in the final isotope chronology. We tested different pooling approaches to identify the method that is most cost-efficient, without compromising the ability of the final chronology to reflect long-term climate variability as well as climatic extreme years. As test material, we used δ18O data from juniper trees (Juniperus polycarpus) from Northern Iran. We compared inter-tree and shifted 5-year blocks serial pooling of stable isotope series from 5 individual trees and addition of one single series to a shifted serial pooled chronology. The inter-tree pooled chronology showed the strongest climate sensitivity and most synchronous δ18O variations with the individual tree ring analyses, while the shifted block chronologies showed a marked decline in high-frequency signals and no correlations with climate variables of the growth year. Combinations of block-pooled and single isotope series compensated the high-frequency decline but added tree-individual climatic signals. Therefore, we recommend pooling calendar synchronous tree rings from individual trees as a viable alternative to individual-tree isotope measurements for robust paleoclimate reconstructions.

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Shen, Guanghong, James A. Moore, and Charles R. Hatch. "The effect of habitat type and rock type on individual tree basal area growth response to nitrogen fertilization." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-249.

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Individual tree basal area increment models for nitrogen fertilized stands were developed using data from permanent research plots located throughout the Inland Northwest. Results show that tree size, stand density, habitat type, and rock type significantly interact to affect individual tree basal area growth response to nitrogen fertilization. Suppressed trees growing on moist habitat types and all rock types, except metasedimentary, exhibited greater relative response than did dominant or codominant trees growing in the same stand. However, suppressed trees growing on dry sites or on soils derived from granite rocks did not show different relative response than dominant or codominant trees growing in the same stand. This study quantitatively demonstrates that individual tree competitive relationships are significantly affected by rock type. Rock types proved to be useful in representing broad differences in a site's nutrient environment. Incorporating the new equations into individual tree growth and yield simulators would provide better representation of N fertilization response differences within a stand.

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Williams, Roger A. "Use of Randomized Branch and Importance Sampling to Estimate Loblolly Pine Biomass." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 13, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/13.4.181.

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Abstract A previously developed sampling method utilizing randomized branch and importance sampling for the purpose of quickly estimating tree biomass was tested on five loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees. Results show a wide range of per-tree sampling error, ranging from 5.3 to 28.9%. Largevariation in foliage content among selected branches per treee may be a major source of error. However, the sampling error for the total biomass of the five trees tested was only 3.3%. This sampling method appears to be reliable and efficient in obtaining precise estimates of the total biomassof a population of trees. Increased sampling intensity per tree is necessary to obtain precise estimates of individual tree biomass. South. J. Appl. For. 13(4):181-184.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Individual tree"

1

Korpela, Ilkka. "Individual tree measurements by means of digital aerial photogrammetry." Helsinki : Finnish Forest Research Institute, Finnish Society of Forest Science, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/55872310.html.

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Riitters, Kurt H. "Analysis of Biweight Site Chronologies: Relative Weights of Individual Trees over Time." Tree-Ring Society, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/261911.

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The relative weights on individual trees in a biweight site chronology can indicate the consistency of tree growth responses to macroclimate and can be the basis for stratifying trees in climate-growth analyses. This was explored with 45 years of ring-width indices for 200 trees from five even-aged jack pine (Pints banksiana Lamb.) stands. Average individual-tree relative weights were similar, but most trees had at least one transient occurrence of low relative weight. The standard deviations of individual-tree relative weights suggested that some trees had mom variable growth responses than others. The trees were classified by the average and standard deviation of their relative weights, and biweight site chronologies were then calculated for these subgroups. Chronologies derived from trees with low average weights, and from trees with high standard deviation of weights, sometimes appeared to be different from chronologies derived from the remaining trees.

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Miller, Jordan Mitchell. "Estimation of individual tree metrics using structure-from-motion photogrammetry." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/11035.

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The deficiencies of traditional dendrometry mean improvements in methods of tree mensuration are necessary in order to obtain accurate tree metrics for applications such as resource appraisal, and biophysical and ecological modelling. This thesis tests the potential of SfM-MVS (Structure-fromMotion with Multi-View Stereo-photogrammetry) using the software package PhotoScan Professional, for accurately determining linear (2D) and volumetric (3D) tree metrics. SfM is a remote sensing technique, in which the 3D position of objects is calculated from a series of photographs, resulting in a 3D point cloud model. Unlike other photogrammetric techniques, SfM requires no control points or camera calibration. The MVS component of model reconstruction generates a mesh surface based on the structure of the SfM point cloud. The study was divided into two research components, for which two different groups of study trees were used: 1) 30 small, potted ‘nursery’ trees (mean height 2.98 m), for which exact measurements could be made and field settings could be modified, and; 2) 35 mature ‘landscape’ trees (mean height 8.6 m) located in parks and reserves in urban areas around the South Island, New Zealand, for which field settings could not be modified. The first component of research tested the ability of SfM-MVS to reconstruct spatially-accurate 3D models from which 2D (height, crown spread, crown depth, stem diameter) and 3D (volume) tree metrics could be estimated. Each of the 30 nursery trees was photographed and measured with traditional dendrometry to obtain ground truth values with which to evaluate against SfM-MVS estimates. The trees were destructively sampled by way of xylometry, in order to obtain true volume values. The RMSE for SfM-MVS estimates of linear tree metrics ranged between 2.6% and 20.7%, and between 12.3% and 47.5% for volumetric tree metrics. Tree stems were reconstructed very well though slender stems and branches were reconstructed poorly. The second component of research tested the ability of SfM-MVS to reconstruct spatially-accurate 3D models from which height and DBH could be estimated. Each of the 35 landscape trees, which varied in height and species, were photographed, and ground truth values were obtained to evaluate against SfM-MVS estimates. As well as this, each photoset was thinned to find the minimum number of images required to achieve total image alignment in PhotoScan and produce an SfM point cloud (minimum photoset), from which 2D metrics could be estimated. The height and DBH were estimated by SfM-MVS from the complete photosets with RMSE of 6.2% and 5.6% respectively. The height and DBH were estimated from the minimum photosets with RMSE of 9.3% and 7.4% respectively. The minimum number of images required to achieve total alignment was between 20 and 50. There does not appear to be a correlation between the minimum number of images required for alignment and the error in the estimates of height or DBH (R2 =0.001 and 0.09 respectively). Tree height does not appear to affect the minimum number of images required for image alignment (R 2 =0.08).

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Brandtberg, Tomas. "Automatic individual tree-based analysis of high spatial resolution remotely sensed data /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5852-8.pdf.

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Kim, Sooyoung. "Individual tree species identification using LIDAR-derived crown structures and intensity data /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5548.

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Erikson, Mats. "Segmentation and classification of individual tree crowns : in high spatial resolution aerial images /." Uppsala : Centre for Image Analysis, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s320.pdf.

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Lang, Anne Christina [Verfasser], and Goddert von [Akademischer Betreuer] Oheimb. "The role of tree diversity for individual tree growth, crown architecture and branch demography / Anne Christina Lang. Betreuer: Goddert von Oheimb." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1034147935/34.

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Lee, Juheon. "Mapping individual trees from airborne multi-sensor imagery." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/266686.

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Airborne multi-sensor imaging is increasingly used to examine vegetation properties. The advantage of using multiple types of sensor is that each detects a different feature of the vegetation, so that collectively they provide a detailed understanding of the ecological pattern. Specifically, Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) devices produce detailed point clouds of where laser pulses have been backscattered from surfaces, giving information on vegetation structure; hyperspectral sensors measure reflectances within narrow wavebands, providing spectrally detailed information about the optical properties of targets; while aerial photographs provide high spatial-resolution imagery so that they can provide more feature details which cannot be identified from hyperspectral or LiDAR intensity images. Using a combination of these sensors, effective techniques can be developed for mapping species and inferring leaf physiological processes at ITC-level. Although multi-sensor approaches have revolutionised ecological research, their application in mapping individual tree crowns is limited by two major technical issues: (a) Multi-sensor imaging requires all images taken from different sensors to be co-aligned, but different sensor characteristics result in scale, rotation or translation mismatches between the images, making correction a pre-requisite of individual tree crown mapping; (b) reconstructing individual tree crowns from unstructured raw data space requires an accurate tree delineation algorithm. This thesis develops a schematic way to resolve these technical issues using the-state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms. A variational method, called NGF-Curv, was developed to co-align hyperspectral imagery, LiDAR and aerial photographs. NGF-Curv algorithm can deal with very complex topographic and lens distortions efficiently, thus improving the accuracy of co-alignment compared to established image registration methods for airborne data. A graph cut method, named MCNCP-RNC was developed to reconstruct individual tree crowns from fully integrated multi-sensor imagery. MCNCP-RNC is not influenced by interpolation artefacts because it detects trees in 3D, and it detects individual tree crowns using both hyperspectral imagery and LiDAR. Based on these algorithms, we developed a new workflow to detect species at pixel and ITC levels in a temperate deciduous forest in the UK. In addition, we modified the workflow to monitor physiological responses of two oak species with respect to environmental gradients in a Mediterranean woodland in Spain. The results show that our scheme can detect individual tree crowns, find species and monitor physiological responses of canopy leaves.

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Juchheim, Julia [Verfasser]. "Quantifying the impact of forest management intensity and tree species diversity on individual tree shape and three-dimensional stand structure / Julia Juchheim." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220909416/34.

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Wan, Mohd Jaafar Wan Shafrina Binti. "Individual tree detection and modelling above-ground biomass and forest parameters using discrete return airborne LiDAR data." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31143.

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Individual tree detection and modelling forest parameters using Airborne Laser Scanner data (Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is becoming increasingly important for the monitoring and sustainable management of forests. Remote sensing has been a useful tool for individual tree analysis in the past decade, although inadequate spatial resolution from satellites means that only airborne systems have sufficient spatial resolution to conduct individual tree analysis. Moreover, recent advances in airborne LiDAR now provide high horizontal resolution as well as information in the vertical dimension. However, it is challenging to fully exploit and utilize small-footprint LiDAR data for detailed tree analysis. Procedures for forest biomass quantification and forest attributes measurement using LiDAR data have improved at a rapid pace as more robust and sophisticated modelling used to improve the studies. This thesis contains an evaluation of three approaches of utilizing LiDAR data for individual tree forest measurement. The first explores the relationship between LiDAR metrics and field reference to assess the correlation between LiDAR and field data at the individual-tree level. The intention was not to detect trees automatically, but to develop a LiDAR-AGB model based on trees that were mapped in the field so as to evaluate the relationships between LiDAR-type metrics under controlled conditions for the study sites, and field-derived AGB. A non-linear AGB model based on field data and LiDAR data was developed and LiDAR height percentile h80 and crown width measurement (CW) was found to best fit the data as evidenced by and Adj-R2 value of 0.63, the root mean squared error of the model of 14.8% and analysis of the residuals. This paper provides the foundation for a predictive LiDAR-AGB model at tree level over two study sites, Pasoh Forest Reserve and FRIM Forest Reserve. The second part of the thesis then takes this AGB-LiDAR relationship and combines it with individual tree crown delineation. This chapter shows the contribution of performing an automatic individual tree crown delineation over the wider forest areas. The individual tree crown delineation is composed of a five-step framework, which is unique in its automated determination of dominant crown sizes in a forest area and its adaption of the LiDAR-AGB model developed for the purpose of validation the method. This framework correctly delineated 84% and 88% of the tree crowns in the two forest study areas which is mostly dominated with lowland dipterocarp trees. Thirdly, parametric and non-parametric modelling approaches are proposed for modelling forest structural attributes. Selected modelling methods are compared for predicting 4 forest attributes, volume (V), basal area (BA), height (Ht) and aboveground biomass (AGB) at the species level. The AGB modelling in this paper is extracted using the LiDAR derived variables from the automated individual tree crown delineation, in contrast to the earlier AGB modelling where it is derived based on the trees that were mapped in the field. The selected non-parametric method included, k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) imputation methods: Most Similar Neighbour (MSN) and Gradient Nearest Neighbour (GNN), Random Forest (RF) and parametric approach: Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression. To compare and evaluate these approaches a scaled root mean squared error (RMSE) between observed and predicted forest attribute sampled from both forest site was computed. The best method varied according to response variable and performance measure. OLS regression was to found to be the best performance method overall evidenced by RMSE after cross validation for BA (1.40 m2), V (1.03 m3), Ht (2.22 m) and AGB (96 Kg/tree) respectively, showed its applicability to wider conditions, while RF produced best overall results among the non-parametric methods tested. This thesis concludes with a discussion of the potential of LiDAR data as an independent source of important forest inventory data source when combined with appropriate designed sample plots in the field, and with appropriate modelling tools.

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Books on the topic "Individual tree"

1

Teck, Richard M. Individual-tree diameter growth model for northeastern United States. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1991.

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Korpela, Ilkka. Individual tree measurements by means of digital aerial photogrammetry. Helsinki: Finnish Society of Forest Science ; Finnish Forest Research Institute, 2004.

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Geier-Hayes, Kathleen. Determining individual tree shade length: A guide for silviculturists. Ogden, UT (324 25th St., Ogden 84401): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1995.

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Teck, Richard M. Individual-tree diameter growth model for northeastern United States. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1991.

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Geier-Hayes, Kathleen. Determining individual tree shade length: A guide for silviculturists. Ogden, UT: Intermountain Research Station, 1995.

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Teck, Richard M. Individual-tree diameter growth model for northeastern United States. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1991.

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Teck, Richard M. Individual-tree diameter growth model for northeastern United States. [Radnor, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1991.

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Teck, Richard M. Individual-tree diameter growth model for northeastern United States. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1991.

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Teck, Richard M. Individual-tree diameter growth model for northeastern United States. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1991.

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Sixsmith, Mark. Tree and timber data sheets: A guide to the characteristics of individual tree species. 3rd ed. Theale, Berkshire: Forestry Trust for Conservation and Education, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Individual tree"

1

Von Gadow, Klaus, and Gangying Hui. "Individual Tree Growth." In Modelling Forest Development, 129–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4816-0_5.

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Culvenor, Darius S. "Extracting Individual Tree Information." In Remote Sensing of Forest Environments, 255–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0306-4_9.

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Burkhart, Harold E., and Margarida Tomé. "Indices of Individual-Tree Competition." In Modeling Forest Trees and Stands, 201–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3170-9_9.

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Anten, Niels P. R., and N. Galia Selaya. "Ecophysiology of Secondary Succession in Tropical Moist Forest: Scaling from Individual Traits to Whole-Plant Performance." In Tree Physiology, 429–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3_16.

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Breidenbach, Johannes, and Rasmus Astrup. "The Semi-Individual Tree Crown Approach." In Forestry Applications of Airborne Laser Scanning, 113–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8663-8_6.

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Becker-Weidman, Arthur. "House-Tree-Person Projective Drawing Test." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 2047–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_38.

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Becker-Weidman, Arthur. "House-Tree-Person Projective Drawing Test." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_38-1.

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Burkhart, Harold E., and Margarida Tomé. "Individual-Tree Models for Even-Aged Stands." In Modeling Forest Trees and Stands, 311–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3170-9_14.

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Pommerening, Arne, and Pavel Grabarnik. "Spatial Methods of Tree Interaction Analysis." In Individual-based Methods in Forest Ecology and Management, 99–197. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24528-3_4.

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Pommerening, Arne, and Pavel Grabarnik. "Human Disturbances and Tree Selection Behaviour." In Individual-based Methods in Forest Ecology and Management, 303–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24528-3_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Individual tree"

1

Popovas, Darius, Valentas Mikalauskas, Dominykas Šlikas, Simonas Valotka, and Tautvydas Šorys. "Individual Tree Parameters Estimation from Terrestrial Laser Scanner Data." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.230.

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Tree models and information on the various characteristics of trees and forests are required for forest management, city models, carbon accounting and the management of assets. In order to get precise characteristics and information, tree modelling must be done at individual tree level as it represents the interaction process between trees. For sustainable forest management, more information is needed, however, the traditional methods of investigating forest parameters such as, tree height, diameter at breast height, crown diameter, stem curve and stem mapping or tree location are complex and labour-intensive. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has been proposed as a suitable technique for mapping of forest biomass. LiDAR can be operated in airborne configuration (Airborne laser scanning) or in a terrestrial setup. Terrestrial Laser Scanner measures forests from below canopy and offers a much more detailed description of the individual trees. The aim of this study is to derive the essential tree parameters for estimation of biomass from terrestrial LiDAR data. Tree height, diameter at breast height, crown diameter, stem curve and tree locations were extracted from Terrestrial Laser Scanner point clouds.

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Dissado, L. A., S. M. Rowland, J. C. Fillipini, J. C. Fothergill, S. V. Wolfe, and C. T. Meyer. "Individual & ensemble water tree growth." In Conference on Electrical Insulation & Dielectric Phenomena - Annual Report 1986. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.1986.7726477.

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Xiong, Yiqun, and Jianping Wu. "Method of individual tree crown detection." In Geoinformatics 2007, edited by Weimin Ju and Shuhe Zhao. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.760489.

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Xiao, Changlin, Rongjun Qin, Xu Huang, and Jiaqiang Li. "Individual Tree Detection from Multi-View Satellite Images." In IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8518040.

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Xu, Xin, Federico Iuricich, and Leila De Floriani. "A Persistence-Based Approach for Individual Tree Mapping." In SIGSPATIAL '20: 28th International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3397536.3422231.

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Parkan, Matthew, and Devis Tuia. "Individual tree segmentation in deciduous forests using geodesic voting." In IGARSS 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7325844.

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Hu, Baoxin. "Improving individual tree delineation using mulriple-wavelength lidar data." In IGARSS 2016 - 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2016.7729823.

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Zhen, Zhen, Yinghui Zhao, Yuanshuo Hao, and Qingbin Wei. "Development of accuracy assessment tool of individual tree crown delineation." In IGARSS 2016 - 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2016.7729824.

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Mizoguchi, Tomohiro, Akira Ishii, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Tsuyoshi Inoue, and Hisashi Takamatsu. "Lidar-based individual tree species classification using convolutional neural network." In SPIE Optical Metrology, edited by Fabio Remondino and Mark R. Shortis. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2270123.

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Wu, Rosen, Yiping Chen, Chenglu Wen, Cheng Wang, and Jonathan Li. "Delineation of individual tree crowns for mobile laser scanning data." In 2015 ISPRS International Conference on Computer Vision in Remote Sensing, edited by Cheng Wang, Rongrong Ji, and Chenglu Wen. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2234909.

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Reports on the topic "Individual tree"

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Teck, Richard M., Donald E. Hilt, and Donald E. Hilt. Individual tree-diameter growth model for the Northeastern United States. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-649.

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Teck, Richard M., Donald E. Hilt, and Donald E. Hilt. Individual-tree probability of survival model for the Northeastern United States. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-642.

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Hilt, Donald E., and Donald E. Hilt. OAKSIM: An individual-tree growth and yield simulator for managed, even-aged, upland oak stands. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-562.

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Hilt, Donald E., and Donald E. Hilt. OAKSIM: An individual-tree growth and yield simulator for managed, even-aged, upland oak stands. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-562.

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Hilt, Donald E. User's guide to OAKSIM: An individual-tree growth and yield simulator for managed, even-aged, upland oak stands. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-104.

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Handler, Stephen, Carrie Pike, Brad St. Clair, Hannah Abbotts, and Maria Janowiak. Assisted Migration. USDA Forest Service Climate Change Resource Center, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6893746.ch.

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Evidence suggests that species have responded individually during historic periods of dramatic climate change through geographic migrations to and from unique glacial refugia [1, 2, 3]. Recent research has demonstrated that many tree species are already undergoing distribution shifts in response to climate change, with different studies highlighting species that are moving poleward and higher in elevation [4], or moving east-west to track changes in moisture availability [5].

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Khadan, Jeetendra, Nekeisha Spencer, Eric Strobl, and Theophiline Bose-Duker. Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Being Overweight or Obese in Suriname. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003348.

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This paper applies probit regression models to a nationally representative household survey dataset collected in 2016-2017 to analyze the relationships between various socio-demographic variables and adult Body Mass Index (BMI) in Suriname. Our results indicate that women, the elderly, and couples either married and/or living together are more likely to be obese or overweight. As expected, this is also true for individuals who have chronic illnesses. The analysis also finds that individuals who engage in a sport or in other forms of exercise, even if modest, have lower odds of being overweight or obese. Interestingly, the findings indicate that individuals who benefit from government social safety net programs are less likely to be associated with being overweight or obese. The results of this study have implications for the adjustment of current Surinamese nutritional guidelines as well as the design and implementation of targeted obesity-reduction policies that recognize that being overweight is influenced by various characteristics. Although the results are country-specific, they have the potential to influence action in all countries in the Caribbean that lack policies to address obesity.

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Soenko, Yevgeny. TYPOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL VISION. Intellectual Archive, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2331.

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The research is based on the statement that retina produces the proper level of electrical activity, sourcing visual system. I started the research with partial darkening of different parts of the visual fields of humans to register possible psychological and physiological changes. The tested showed dramatically increasing variability and number of changes within just four exact types of darkening. More, emotional and physiological aspects of those changes were polarized into general acceptance and general rejection of a certain type of darkening in most of the individual tests. Thus the tested formed two opposite groups within every one of those types of darkening: a group with general negative reactions and a group with general positive ones. Further, those types of darkening turned out combined in pairs. General tune of reactions of most of the tested changed to strictly reverse within a pair of upper-lower types of darkening of peripheral vision and outer-inner ones as well. Between the pairs of types of darkening, there was no correspondence. The tested showed stability of their reactions during at least several months. Thus I may state a possibility of existence in the visual system of humans of two independent neuropsychological structures both having two alternative modes of functioning with a stable preference of just one of them in every individual case. If it is true, there may be a vision-based typology.

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Peitz, David, and Naomi Reibold. White-tailed deer monitoring at Arkansas Post National Memorial, Arkansas: 2005–2020 trend report. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285087.

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From 16 years (2005–2020) of monitoring trends in white-tailed deer within a defined survey area of Arkansas Post National Memorial, we have been able to demonstrate both population declines and recoveries. The adjusted count of deer had a seven-fold increase between 2007 and 2011 following a two-year decline and a three-fold increase between 2017 and 2019 following a six-year decline. Overall, the deer population has declined slightly, averaging a 0.5% reduction in herd size annually. The number of deer in the survey area ranged from 16.77 ± 21.26 (mean + 95% CI) individuals/km2 in 2007 to 118.95 ± 39.03 individuals/km2 in 2011. The amount of visible area surveyed each year varied between 0.25 and 0.47 km2 (coefficient of variation = 16.47%). If the white-tailed deer population becomes too large, this poses several problems for Arkansas Post National Memorial. First, it adds a level of complexity to implementing active natural resource management critical to preventing the cultural landscapes of Arkansas Post National Memorial from changing into something that has little resemblance to the historical character of the park. Deer deferentially browse native vegetation over exotic vegetation, thus promoting the spread of exotic species, and the success of tree planting can be curtailed by heavy deer browsing. Second, controlling deer related disease, some of which can affect domestic livestock and human health in and around the park, becomes increasingly difficult when there are more deer. Third, as additional ancillary data suggests, the largely unreported and costly deer-vehicle collisions in and around Arkansas Post National Memorial have the potential to increase if the deer populations grow.

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Auguste, Sebastián, Jordi Prat, and Gisele Braun. Brecha de género en el acceso al financiamiento en Centroamérica y República Dominicana. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003151.

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La evidencia empírica internacional muestra que las mujeres tienen menos acceso al financiamiento, tanto al crédito personal como al crédito empresario (según el género de quién lidera la empresa). Esta brecha de género, que se debe a factores de oferta y de demanda, preocupa, tanto desde el punto de vista de equidad o igualdad de oportunidades, como de la eficiencia, ya que en una economía de mercado el acceso al financiamiento es clave para la asignación eficiente de los recursos, y cualquier imperfección en su funcionamiento se puede traducir en menos crecimiento económico. En este trabajo se analiza la brecha de género con tres bases de datos distintas, Global Findex, una encuesta a nivel de individuos, SME Finance Forum, datos agregados estimados, y Enterprise Survey, una encuesta a nivel empresarial que informa el género del gerente general. Se destaca que, en ningún caso, ni a nivel personal ni a nivel empresarial, ha sido posible eliminar las brechas incluyendo factores observables. Por lo tanto, las mujeres en la región están más desaventajadas y esto es un motivo de preocupación, ya que incide en la productividad de la economía, la fertilidad y la tasa de acumulación del capital humano, tres dimensiones donde los países estudiados muestran déficit.

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