Relevant bibliographies by topics / Individual retirement accounts – Management

Academic literature on the topic 'Individual retirement accounts – Management'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Individual retirement accounts – Management"

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CALVO, ESTEBAN, FABIO M. BERTRANOU, and EVELINA BERTRANOU. "Are Old-age Pension System Reforms Moving Away from Individual Retirement Accounts in Latin America?" Journal of Social Policy 39, no. 2 (January 13, 2010): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279409990663.

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AbstractThis article reviews two rounds of pension reform in ten Latin American countries to determine whether they are moving away from individual retirement accounts (IRAs). Although the idea is provocative, we conclude that the notion of ‘moving away from IRAs’ is insufficient to characterise the new politics of pension reform. As opposed to the politics of enactment of IRAs of the late twentieth century, pension reform in Latin America in recent years has combined significant revival of public components in old-age income maintenance with improvement of IRAs. Clearly, the policy prescriptions that were most influential during the first round of reforms in Latin America have been re-evaluated. The World Bank and other organisations that promoted IRAs have recognised that pension reform should pay more attention to poverty reduction, coverage and equity, and to protect participants from market risks. The experience and challenges faced by countries that introduced IRAs, the changes in policies by international financing institutions, and the recent financial volatility and heavy losses experienced in financial markets may have tempered the enthusiasm of other countries from applying the same type of reforms. Scholars and policy-makers around the globe could benefit from looking closely at these changes in pension policy.
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Zhang, Annie Claire. "Financial advice and asset allocation of individual investors." Pacific Accounting Review 26, no. 3 (November 10, 2014): 226–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-04-2013-0030.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences in KiwiSaver portfolio composition between investors who receive financial advice and those who do not. Design/methodology/approach – Using proprietary data which contain information of 405,107 individual KiwiSaver accounts, this paper examines who receives advice, compares the asset allocations of advised accounts with non-advised accounts, explores the relation of asset allocation with demographic characteristics and compares differences in returns between advised and non-advised investors. Findings – Three key findings are presented in this paper. First, female investors, relatively older investors and investors with higher levels of funds under management (invested wealth) are more likely to receive financial advice. Second, advised investors hold more equity assets. Third, differences in performance between advised and non-advised accounts are marginal. Research limitations/implications – Panel data are not used, which prohibit investigating asset allocation choices overtime. The time series for returns is short, as KiwiSaver has only been operating since 2007. The total portfolio that people own is not known; thus, the values on investment fund information do not represent the total wealth of each person, as other accounts elsewhere may exist. Practical implications – There are broad implications for the New Zealand capital market, retirement policy, financial advice industry and development of financial literacy programmes. Originality/value – The paper examines individual investor behaviour on a nationwide sample and explores how receiving financial advice relates to asset allocation.
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Homocianu, Daniel. "A Methodology of Discovering Comparable Models. The Case of Investing in Retirement Accounts when Considering Age, Main Residence and Education before 1989 vs. Globalization." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 67, SI (2020): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2020-0026.

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This paper provides a way to discover strong individual influences on investments in retirement accounts. Data are from SHARE-ERIC (Wave7). Principal residences in ex-communist countries or not and full-time education before 1989 served as filters. Two particular models with good classification accuracy resulted based on data mining, variable selection methods, and logistic regressions. A statistical script generated tables with comparable coefficients (average marginal effects). Common influences from the same financial category as the outcome emerged (having life insurance or ever investing in mutual funds or stocks). The younger respondents, those with computer skills or exposed to high stress, are more likely to invest in retirement accounts regardless of the presence of the communist heritage. Specific influences (personality traits and life experiences) also resulted despite the increasing globalization, which, in the case of people over a certain age, was not able to erase some behavioral differences reflected until today.
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JAMES, ESTELLE, GUILLERMO MARTINEZ, and AUGUSTO IGLESIAS. "The payout stage in Chile: who annuitizes and why?" Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 5, no. 2 (May 11, 2006): 121–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747205002404.

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In 1981 Chile adopted its new multi-pillar system, which featured privately managed individual accounts. Starting in 1983 payouts from the accounts were permitted and detailed rules about payouts were put in place. The Chilean scheme therefore gives us an opportunity to examine how pensioners and pension providers react when individual accounts replace DB systems, and how detailed regulations shape these reactions.Retirees in Chile have a choice between early versus normal retirement (before or after age 65M/60W) and between annuitization versus programmed withdrawals; lump sum withdrawals are largely ruled out. Almost two-thirds of all retirees have annuitized – a very high proportion compared with other countries. This paper argues that this high rate of annuitization is the result of guarantees and regulations that constrain payout choices, insure retirees through the minimum pension guarantee, eliminate other DB components, and give a competitive advantage to insurance companies selling annuities. The minimum pension financed by the government provides insurance to workers with small accumulations, who retire at the normal age with programmed withdrawals, while those with large accumulations retire early and must purchase annuities to acquire longevity and investment insurance. Insurance companies further induce annuitization by marketing aggressively, facilitating early retirement for those who annuitize and offering a high money's worth ratio for price-indexed annuities. We find evidence of adverse selection based on asymmetric information about short-run health status, but this does not seem to deter the high rate of annuitization.
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Laverierre, Kenneth J., and Matthew H. Behrens. "The US department of labor’s final “fiduciary” rule incorporates concessions to financial service industry but still poses key challenges." Journal of Investment Compliance 17, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-09-2016-0040.

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Purpose To describe the main provisions of the US Department of Labor’s final “fiduciary” rule and its related prohibited transaction exemptions and the key challenges the rule poses for financial advisers. Design/methodology/approach This article describes the impact of the new “fiduciary” rule on broker-dealers, banks and other financial organizations who will, for the first time since the passage of ERISA, be subject to ERISA’s fiduciary standards and remedies when providing investment and asset management recommendations to individual retirement accounts and other retail retirement clients. Findings The most immediate impact of the rule will be on the compensation practices at broker-dealers and other financial institutions and on the fee and revenue sharing arrangements among funds, fund sponsors and the financial institutions that offer investment advice to retail retirement clients. Although the new rule responds to many of the concerns raised by the financial services industry, compliance with the rule will require the restructuring of pay and compliance policies at financial institutions servicing retail clients. Originality/value Practical guidance from experienced ERISA lawyers.
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Trippner, Paweł. "Determinants of pension capital management in Poland." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 4 (December 11, 2020): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(4).2020.27.

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The pension system’s construction is an important element of the public finance system and the state budget policy. It is a relevant and important topic from the perspective of the level of cash benefits for future retirees after they finish their professional careers.The aim of the paper is to present and analyze the evolution of solutions in the construction of the pension system in Poland since its first reform in 1999. The paper analyzes various options of investing for future pensions allowed by law in Poland. Simulations of the levels of future pension benefits are based on different variations, including membership or non-membership in an Employee Capital Plan and membership or non-membership in an Individual Retirement Account after the liquidation of Open Pension Funds.According to the calculations, the future pensioner can count on the total payment from the commercial pillars, assuming the average life expectancy in Poland is reached: PLN 230,100 (Option I), PLN 346,698 (Option II), PLN 187,643 (Option III), and PLN 304,240 (Option IV), respectively.It is an emphasized fact that ensuring the living standard’s expected level after reaching retirement age is strictly dependent on voluntary investments for future benefits during professional activity.
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CHAVEZ-BEDOYA, LUIS. "The effects of risk aversion and density of contribution on comparisons of administrative charges in individual account pension systems." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 16, no. 1 (April 26, 2016): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747216000068.

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AbstractThis paper studies the effects of risk aversion and density of contribution (DoC) on comparisons of proportional charges on flow (contributions) and balance (assets) during the accumulation phase of a defined-contribution pension plan in a system of individual retirement accounts. If the participant's degree of risk aversion increases and both charges yield the same expected terminal wealth, then the charge on balance improves with respect to the charge on flow when performing comparisons that examine the ratio between the resulting expected utilities of terminal wealth. When this methodology is applied to the Peruvian Private Pension System, empirical results demonstrate that the aforementioned result also holds for arbitrary charges on flow and balance and that the effect of DoC on these comparisons is nearly negligible for most of the assessed scenarios.
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CHIA, NGEE CHOON, and ALBERT K. C. TSUI. "Life annuities of compulsory savings and income adequacy of the elderly in Singapore." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 2, no. 1 (March 2003): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747203001239.

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Singapore has a publicly managed central provident fund (CPF) system, which is compulsory and based on individual accounts with an explicit link between contribution and benefits. This paper assesses the adequacy of the CPF saving to meet the retirement needs of the elderly in Singapore. Instead of emphasizing the mechanism of accumulation, we focus on the expenditure side of the lifetime budget of the elderly and estimate the present value of retirement consumption (PVRC). The estimated PVRC is obtained by simulations through three major components: calibration of subsistence and medical expenses of the elderly; forecast of cohort survival probability by age and by sex; and generation of yield curves to discount the future cash flows. Our results indicate that the existing CPF-decreed minimum sum is inadequate to meet the future consumption needs of the female elderly. The inadequacy becomes more severe when medical expense is set at higher growth rates. Moreover, the monthly payouts of a single premium deferred annuity are computed as illustrative examples.
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KARAMCHEVA, NADIA S., and GEOFFREY SANZENBACHER. "Bridging the gap in pension participation: how much can universal tax-deferred pension coverage hope to achieve?" Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2014): 439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474721400002x.

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AbstractIn light of the declining pension coverage of low-income workers, policy makers have discussed requiring all employers to offer individual retirement accounts, similar to defined contribution plans. How likely to participate are workers who currently do not have access to a pension plan? We address this question by using plausibly exogenous variation in pension-plan availability to estimate the determinants of participation in a standard selection on unobservables model. We find that currently uncovered low-income workers are fairly likely to participate in a newly offered plan, yet they are much less likely to do so than currently covered workers.
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Bishop, Christine, and Karen Zurlo. "Economic Uncertainties in Retirement: Risk Factors, Strategies, and Resilience." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2392.

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Abstract Even with forethought and planning, a lot can threaten economic wellbeing in the years ahead for older adults retiring at typical retirement ages. Although results for any individual cannot be predicted with certainty, some risks are quantifiable: for example, mortality/ longevity and disability risks are reasonably well-defined. Risk of dementia is not so well understood, and may be changing. Financial risk might be seen as manageable, but older adults relying on retirement income sources can be especially vulnerable to unprecedented shocks to the general economy. We consider four aspects of this dilemma. First, older adults retiring with outstanding debts may have difficulty weathering financial shocks. Our first presentation provides up-to-date information about trends in indebtedness at older ages, especially focusing on newly salient types of indebtedness: medical and student loan debt, and debt incurred to smooth finances in the recent recession. Stewardship of finances during retirement can be a challenging personal management undertaking. Our second presentation will consider how dementia can complicate this process. Protection against outliving one’s resources is more complex and costlier in the era of defined contribution retirement accounts. Our third presentation will discuss strategies to combine retirement assets, including Social Security claiming, to hedge longevity risk. Finally, needs for long-term services and supports may be met with either paid or informal (family) care, or both, but cannot be predicted with certainty. Our fourth presentation examines the long-term impacts on families due to the difficulty in insuring against this risk. Economics of Aging Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Individual retirement accounts – Management"

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Jamaludin, Nurasyikin. "Individual retirement savings behaviour : evidence from Malaysia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/432.

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This thesis investigates factors that influence individuals‟ investment choice decisions within the context of retirement savings in Malaysia. The focus is on individuals‟ likelihood of investing part of their retirement savings in approved unit trusts (also known as mutual funds). In addition, individuals‟ choice of fund and mutual fund selection criteria are also explored. This thesis utilised questionnaire-based surveys to solicit responses from members of the Employees Provident Fund (EPF), as well as from unit trust consultants. Data collected from 440 EPF members and 561 unit trust consultants were analysed using statistical procedures of SPSS version 18.0 (also known as PASW 18). The results of logistic regression models revealed three significant predictors of individuals‟ likelihood to invest part of their retirement savings in the unit trusts: perceived importance of financial advisor, financial risk tolerance, and perceived plan design. Financial knowledge appeared to be insignificant in influencing individuals‟ investment choice decision. Furthermore, the thesis found that religious affiliation, religious commitment and Muslim religiosity had no significant effect in individuals‟ investment choice decision. In terms of demographic variables, gender, age, and marital status were all found to be significant predictors of individuals‟ likelihood to invest part of their retirement savings in the unit trusts. With respect to mutual fund selection criteria, the thesis found that the fund‟s commitment to Islamic principles, past performance of fund and overall reputation of fund were the top three criteria considered important by the EPF members. In contrast, from the consultants‟ point of view, the top three criteria considered important were the past performance of fund, overall reputation of fund, and fund ratings. Although the earlier results indicated no significant effect of religion on the individuals‟ likelihood to invest part of their retirement savings in the unit trusts, additional analyses revealed that religious affiliation, religious commitment, and Muslim religiosity had significant influence on the individuals‟ choice of unit trust fund. Several implications emerge from these empirical findings. First, the thesis highlighted the role of the unit trust consultants in individuals‟ investment decision making. Therefore, fund management companies and the governing body of the unit trust consultants should ensure that ongoing training is provided so that proper advice and recommendations can be delivered to the consultants‟ clients. Next, the thesis provided insightful information to the EPF as the policy maker, on the retirement savings behaviour of its members. In particular, the study presented the first evidence with regard to the EPF Members Investment Scheme (MIS), a unique feature that differentiated this retirement plan from its counterparts in emerging countries, as well as developed countries. Last, but not least, given that Malaysia is a multi-cultural nation, the findings of the thesis suggest that religion had some effect on individuals‟ choice of fund. Therefore, fund management companies might make use of the information provided by the thesis in better promoting their funds.
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Gibler, Rhonda K. "Participation in tax deferred retirement programs in a defined benefit environment." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4428.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 27, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Newman, David B. "Mitigating the inequity of the military retirement system by changing the rules governing individual retirement accounts for service members." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA340966.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997.
"December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): David R. Henderson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-113). Also available online.
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Hirschbeck, Lisa. "Encouraging individual retirement savings in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017535.

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Many South Africans may not have adequate retirement savings when they retire and this has the effect of a low income replacement ratio on retirement that may lead to a decrease in the standard of living of the retiree and in extreme cases the retiree becoming dependent on their family and the government. Owing to this trend of no or inadequate retirement savings, South Africa embarked on a retirement reform journey in 2004. The goal of this research is to determine whether the retirement reform mechanisms outlined by National Treasury would encourage individual retirement savings that should assist South Africans to achieve stability of income in their retirement. This research analysed the current retirement savings options and vehicles available for South Africans, the current tax incentives and disincentives and reviewed the proposed changes to tax incentives and disincentives during the accumulation phase of retirement savings and explained how these proposed tax incentives are harmonised for the accumulation phase of retirement. The research explained how National Treasury aims to limit pre-retirement withdrawals and how it intends to encourage the annuitisation of post-retirement benefits. The penultimate chapter of this research measured the effect (by making certain assumptions) of the changes proposed by National Treasury on the income replacement ratio of the retiree. Throughout the research comparisons were made between The OECD Roadmap for the good design of defined contribution pension plans and National Treasury’s proposals. This research did not directly address the effect of increased life expectancies on retirement savings or increases in youth unemployment and the effect that this may have on retirement savings. The effect of financial charges levied on retirement savings on the income replacement ratio of a retiree was also not explored. Furthermore, not all pension funds are regulated by the Pension Funds Act and how these pension funds can be brought within the purview of the Pension Funds Act was not investigated. Automatic enrolment of retirement savings for all employees in South Africa in retirement vehicles is a further research area that could be addressed.
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Skulski, Bohdan J. (Bohdan Jan) Carleton University Dissertation Law. "The Exigibility of RRSPs on account of income tax arrears." Ottawa, 1999.

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Lindqvist, Angela, and Fredrik Sott Kedestad. "Med alla korten på bordet : Vilken sparform skulle du välja för att pensionsspara privat?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-27557.

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Efter det svenska pensionssystemets reform 1998 har ett missnöje väckts hos många pensionssparare. Den allmänna pensionen tillsammans med tjänstepensionen räcker inte alltid till och därför finns det möjlighet till ett eget avdragsgillt privat pensionssparande. Det har dock visat sig att det avdragsgilltiga privata pensionssparandet är en ekonomisk förlustaffär för 76 procent av pensionsspararna. Då ett privat pensionssparande inte alltid är lönsamt, finns det frågeställningar angående om hur spararna bör agera. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka långsiktiga sparalternativ som finns för ett privat pensionssparande, utifrån en sparares perspektiv. Vidare ska vi belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar en individs val mellan de långsiktiga sparalternativ som finns. Slutligen ska vi förklara hur ett långsiktigt sparande skiljer sig åt beroende på vilken beskattningsbar förvärvsinkomst individen har. Studien har använt sig av metodtriangulering, genom att först genomföra en kvalitativ undersökning med bankaktörer, för att sedan genomföra en kvantitativ webbenkät. Analysen ledde fram konklusionen att det finns många långsiktiga sparformer att välja mellan, dock är valet av sparform högst individuellt. Vad gäller ett privat pensionssparande är denna sparform lönsammast för höginkomsttagare, på grund av skattesystemets utformning. Enligt denna uppsats empiriska resultat, har ett privat pensionssparande vissa fördelar jämfört med ett alternativt sparande. Detta indikerar att ett privat pensionssparande aldrig bör bytas ut, utan bör ses som ett komplement till ett alternativt långsiktigt sparande.
The aim with this paper is to examine which long-term saving alternatives there are for a private pension saving, from a savers perspective. Furthermore, we shall illuminate which factors that influence an individual’s choice between the long-term saving options that exists. Finally, we are going to explain how a long-term saving deviate due to which taxable income the individual have. In the frame of reference we introduce how the saving looks like in Sweden. Furthermore, former research and theories are introduced, which aims to illuminate the factors that influence the saver’s decision about saving alternative. The paper uses method triangulation, by first implementing a qualitative interview study with bank participants, followed by a quantitative questionnaire study online. The analysis leads to the conclusion that there are many saving forms to choose amongst, but the choice of saving form are very individual. In terms of a private pension saving this saving form are most profitable for high income earners, due to how the tax system is designed. According to the empirical results of this paper, a private pension saving have certain advantages compared with an alternative saving. This indicates that a private pension saving should not be replaced, but rather should be seen as a compliment to an alternative long-term saving.
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Tchanon, Cyril. "La formation continue des salariés en droit social : contribution à l’étude d’une nouvelle assurance sociale." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020079.

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Par sa finalité et son objet, la formation professionnelle continue appartient au droit de la protection sociale. Elle permet ainsi aux salariés de faire face au risque social d'obsolescence des compétences, mais également de sécuriser leur parcours professionnel. En 1973, le législateur forgea un lien artificiel entre cette matière et le droit du travail en la codifiant au sein du Code du travail. Le droit du travail exerça une influence constante sur la formation professionnelle qui fut orientée en priorité vers les besoins des seuls salariés. La réforme du 5 mars 2014 et les lois qui ont suivi semblent vouloir rompre avec ce cadre juridique artificiel. Le législateur entend consacrer un système d’assurance social, universel, personnel et individuel, ce qui pose la question d'un éventuel droit à la formation et appelle une réforme globale de son mode de fonctionnement
Continuing vocational training in French social law : contributing to the study of a new social insurance.For its purpose and its content, continuing vocational training belongs to the law of social protection. It allows employees to face the social risk of skills' obsolescence but also to secure their professional path. In 1973, the legislator created an artificial link between vocational training and labour law by codifying this field into the Labour Code. Labour Law exercised a constant influence on vocational training which was primarily based on the sole needs of employees. The reform of 5th March 2014 and the subsequent laws seem to have the will to break with this artificial legal framework. The legislator intends to create a system of social insurance which is universal, personal and individual. It raises the question of a potential right to vocational training and calls for a global reform of its functioning
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Piccoli, Philippe. "L'expansion de la formation professionnelle continue." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020065.

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Depuis les années 1970, la formation professionnelle continue s’étend à de nombreuses activités économiques et sociales, salariées comme non-salariées. La loi et le contrat, notamment, permettent cette expansion réalisée dans une grande instabilité normative. Constamment modifiés, les dispositifs d’accès à la formation sont souvent complexes et parfois peu efficaces. Le financement de la formation professionnelle suscite également des interrogations en raison des nombreuses personnes, publiques ou privées, chargées d’intervenir dans ce domaine. Le dispositif peut et doit être amélioré afin de permettre l’expansion de la formation professionnelle là où celle-ci mérite d’être encouragée
Since the 1970s, continuing vocational training extends to many economic and social activities, either employed or self-employed. The law and the contract particulary provide such an expansion, which is carried out in a context of great normative instability. Constantly amended, training programmes are often complex and sometimes even reveal to be ineffective. Financing vocational training also raises questions due to the many people, both public and private, who are involved in this area. The overall system can and must be substantially improved so as to enable the expansion of vocational training wherever it deserves to be encouraged
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Pfeifer-Chomiczewska, Katarzyna. "Les rapports patrimoniaux entre concubins et leur liquidation. Etude comparative des droits français et polonais." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR1003.

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Après avoir quitté le monde de la réprobation, le concubinage a intégré l'ordre social et par suite, l'ordre juridique. Le concubinage est devenu l'une des conjugalités. Contrairement au législateur français, le législateur polonais n'a pas donné de définition du concubinage. Nonobstant cette différence, les éléments constitutifs du concubinage dans les deux systèmes légaux se ressemblent. Le concubinage se caractérise tant en France qu'en Pologne par: l'absence de lien juridique entre les concubins, la monogamie, la stabilité et la continuité et la communauté de vie. Dans les deux pays, le concubinage n'est pas juridiquement inorganisé. Le concubinage ne fait naître aucun droit ni obligation entre concubins, que ce soit sur le plan personnel ou patrimonial
After leaving the world of disapproval, concubinage has integrated the social order and consequently the legal order. In French law, cohabitation is legally defined. In Poland, a legal definition of cohabitation does not exist. Notwithstanding this difference, the elements of cohabitation in the two legal systems are similar. Cohabitation is characterized in France and in Poland by the absence of a legal relationship between partners, monogamy, stability and continuity, and community of life. In both countries, concubinage is not legally organized. Cohabitation does not create any rights or obligations between the cohabitants, whether in a personal, property or financial sphere. Property relationships of cohabitants and their liquidation pose many difficulties. In order to legally qualify the economic acts of the cohabitants, it is necessary to retrospectively analyse the facts
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Wu, Kun-Tai, and 吳昆泰. "A Study on Risk Management of Individual Accounts." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7g55h3.

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碩士
銘傳大學
風險管理與保險學系碩士班
94
In a comprehensive view on the trend of pension reform around the world, individual accounts pension system will become a mainstream concept. To maintain the function of protection, every government makes efforts in risk identification and management. Since OECD has accumulated valuable experience in the regulation and governing of private occupational pension schemes and established a series of regulations for the world countries’ reference, this article aims to introduce the concept of risk management into individual accounts system, integrate the standards and regulations of OECD private occupational pension schemes, construct the risk management mechanism for individual accounts system and apply them in the operation of New labor pension system in Taiwan. This article can serve as a reference for the risk management of the labor pension system to ensure the labor rights after retirement. In the risk management measures of individual accounts, an effective precautionary risk management mechanism must be established first. Then, the risk management procedures should be executed with precision. Lastly, principles of risk control such as comprehensiveness, regulation and measurability must be taken into consideration. The specific measures are as follows: first, set up governing body and division of responsibilities properly; second, separate each operation unit to impose mutual- restrictions; third, regulate operation model and ensure asset independence; fourth, conduct off-site and on-site inspection at intervals and impose sanctions and interventions when necessary; fifth, build up a compensation mechanism and protect the rights of employees; sixth, maintain information transparency and reinforce employee education. In addition, based on the features of personal pension system in Taiwan, the specific measures are as follows: first, open for privatization to improve investment performance and increase returns; second, consider employees’ preference and diversify of investment choices to enhance investment efficiency; third, establish proper measures to increase the willingness for contribution and achieve optimal income replacement ratio.
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Books on the topic "Individual retirement accounts – Management"

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Richard, Johnson. Portfolio choice in tax-deferred and Roth-type savings accounts. Kansas City [Mo.]: Research Division, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 2003.

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Maximize your IRA. Chicago Ill: Dearborn Financial Pub., 1998.

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Eighth in a series of subcommittee hearings on protecting and strengthening Social Security: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Social Security, Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, June 23, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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Hakala, Donald J. Individual retirement accounts. 2nd ed. Chicago, Ill: Dearborn, R&R Newkirk, 1994.

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Franks, Cheryl. Individual retirement accounts. Chicago, IL: Institute of Financial Education, 1997.

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Franks, Cheryl. Individual retirement accounts. 9th ed. Chicago, IL: BAI, 2002.

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Individual retirement accounts. Chicago, Ill: Longman Financial Services Pub., 1989.

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Burnes, Felix R. Individual retirement accounts: A primer. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Service, United States Internal Revenue. Individual retirement arrangements (IRAs). [Washington, D.C.?]: Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, 1989.

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United States. General Accounting Office. Health, Education, and Human Services Division. Social security retirement accounts. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Individual retirement accounts – Management"

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Skinner, Jonathan. "Individual Retirement Accounts." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–5. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2031-1.

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Skinner, Jonathan. "Individual Retirement Accounts." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 6302–6. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2031.

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Dik, Bryan J., and Alexandra J. Alayan. "Meaningfulness and Religious/Spiritual Meaning Systems at Work: A Multilevel Framework." In Handbook of Positive Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality, 429–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10274-5_27.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we examine the intersections of positive psychology (in particular, meaningfulness), religious and spiritual meaning systems, and the human experience of working. Psychological research and application related to work have generally taken either an individual perspective (within vocational psychology and career development) or an organizational perspective (within industrial-organizational psychology, management, and organizational behavior), usually contextualized within broader cultural and economic frames. Accordingly, we used a multilevel integrative model to explore factors that influence how religious/spiritual meaning systems can contribute to the experience of meaningfulness at work. This approach accounts for the individual, job, organizational, and societal levels of experience. Researchers are invited to test segments of the model using appropriate statistical techniques such as multilevel modeling. Counselors, human resource professionals, and organizational leaders are encouraged to invite workers to draw from their religious/spiritual meaning systems to inform career decisions and influence organizational policies and goals.
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Matelski, Sławomir. "Secure Human Identification Protocol with Human-Computable Passwords." In Information Security Practice and Experience, 452–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21280-2_25.

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AbstractIn this paper we present a new method of secure human-computer identification, which remains safe also in untrusted systems and environments. This method allows the elimination of any supplementary gadgets/devices or theft-sensitive biometric data used by the Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), and using only one secret as a universal private key for all obtainable online accounts. However, the features of this solution make it best suited for use by the Authentication Authority with the Single-Sign-On (SSO) method of identity and access management, rather than for individual services. Such a key is used by our innovative challenge-response protocol to generate One-Time-Password, e.g., 6-digit OTP, could be calculated by a human in only 12 s, also offline on paper documents with an acceptable level of security required for post-quantum symmetric cyphers, thanks to the hard lattice problem with noise introduced by our new method, which we call Learning with Options (LWO). The secret has the form of an outline like a kind of handwritten autograph, designed in invisible ink on the mapping grid. The password generation process requires following such an invisible contour on the challenge matrix created randomly by the verifier and reading values from secret fields to easily calculate each digit of OTP.
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Birdthistle, William A. "401(k)s and Individual Retirement Accounts." In Empire of the Fund, 141–61. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199398560.003.0011.

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Holden, Sarah, and Brian Reid. "The Role of Individual Retirement Accounts in US Retirement Planning." In Recalibrating Retirement Spending and Saving, 81–111. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549108.003.0005.

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"The Costs of Annuitizing Retirement Payouts from Individual Accounts." In The Role of Annuity Markets in Financing Retirement. The MIT Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/6007.003.0006.

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Hammond, P. Brett, and David P. Richardson. "Retirement Saving Adequacy and Individual Investment Risk Management Using the Asset/Salary Ratio." In Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, 13–35. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592609.003.0002.

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Gajewski, Paula K. "The President and American Retirement Planning." In The President and American Capitalism Since 1945. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056524.003.0012.

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In 1974, President Gerald Ford signed the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, which revolutionized American private retirement practices. The legislation created the Individual Retirement Account (IRA), the cornerstone of modern retirement planning. The creation of massive individual and corporate retirement accounts has significantly reshaped financial markets.
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"Issues in Individual Asset-Liability Management for Retirement." In Optimizing the Aging, Retirement, and Pensions Dilemma, 315–27. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118266380.ch12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Individual retirement accounts – Management"

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Zeng, Y., Q. F. Jia, and J. Zhou. "Does policy of delayed retirement affect individual health." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2017.8290019.

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Liu, Zijun. "Decision analysis of retirement age based on individual income equitable." In 2017 International Conference on Innovations in Economic Management and Social Science (IEMSS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iemss-17.2017.182.

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Chen, Zimin, Zhuyin Liang, Ailin Qian, and Guozhong He. "Research on Models of Individual Accounts in Pension Insurance." In 2016 International Conference on Education, Sports, Arts and Management Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icesame-16.2016.234.

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Navickė, Jekaterina, and Romas Lazutka. "Functional and personal income distribution in the baltics: comparison of national and households accounts." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.38.

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In this paper we aim to cover the gap in analysis of functional distribution of National income at the macroeconomic level and personal income distribution at the microlevel. We compare the information provided in the National Accounts and in the EU Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for the three Baltic states and in a wider EU context to establish the links between the economic prosperity at the macro level and income distribution at individual level. Comparative design helps identify differences in income structure and inequality within similar socio-economic conditions. As demonstrated, similar levels of per capita disposable incomes in the National Accounts in the Baltics hide higher levels of income inequality than conventionally shown in the EU-SILC. This is to a large degree due to high level of under-reporting of property income and is most acute for Lithuania.
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Di Bella, Davide, Kiana Kianfar, and Alessandra Rinaldi. "Design of a devices’ system with tangible interface aimed to an inclusive smart working experience and wellbeing." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001871.

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In Europe, the demographic profile is towards an increasingly aged workforce [1], characterized by a significant aging of the population. The people aged 55 years or more accounted for one fifth of the total workforce, and as one consequence of increasing longevity, must work more years before retirement [2].Aging of the workforce is a growing problem for many developed and developing countries, pushing companies to explore ways to keep older workers employed for a longer period of time and to support them to maintain their work ability and increase their employability. The literature shows that “age related factors should be taken into consideration in daily management, including work arrangements and individual work tasks, so that everybody, regardless of age, feels empowered in reaching their own and corporate goals” [3].At the same rhythm with these challenges related to the ageing workforce, the work itself is undergoing technological upgrading driven by digitization. ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) have radically determined the modification of people's habits and lifestyles, also in the field of work, introducing new methods of working for example the smart working. These evolving work methods required smart workers to acquire new professional skills in a short time and to adapt to new technologies, new work processes and new forms of collaboration. All these changes lead to greater difficulties, especially for aged smart workers, such as: i) lack of physical interactions and the resulting isolation; ii) increased workload and consequently increased stress (always on); iii) difficulties in communication and time management problems; iv) work-life balance and personal life problems. Therefore it emerges the need to design innovative and friendly devices to address the challenges and difficulties mentioned above, facilitating interaction between smart workers, time management and work organization. These innovative devices and systems need to be easy to use and intuitive to learn in order to increase the inclusion of the aging smart workers, reducing the digital divide.Tangible User Interfaces could represent a fertile ground with the greatest potential to tackle these challenges as they give physical form to digital information and computation, and at the same time they facilitate the direct manipulation of bits. Unlike GUIs, where human-machine interaction occurs through the use of a mouse, keyboard or touchpad and is displayed on a screen as interaction’s results, the use of TUIs involves direct interaction with physical objects to which digital information has been associated, within a defined action space.In this context, the challenge is how ICT-embedded solutions, particularly Tangible User Interfaces, can meet the needs of a growing number of ageing smart worker in terms of inclusion, and of social, physical and mental wellbeing to sustain a team spirit, maintain team cohesion by offering sensory user experience and a tactile interaction with digitized work.The general objective of the research project presented in this article is to develop ICT-embedded devices based on TUIs, aimed at aging smart workers, with following objectives:fostering communication and interaction with the digital world through a tactile experience;increasing the organization, motivation, and job satisfaction; promoting work-life balance to increase physical and mental wellbeing. The result consists of a digital devices’ system, that can interact with each other and with users through a dedicated application for mobile. The system allows to improve the smart workers experience and their well-being through:empowerment, with the introduction of a "digital personal coach" who accompanies the worker during the performance of the activities;enhancement of concentration by providing for the performance of only one activity at a time to increase the overall efficiency of the worker;work-life balance improvement, with a better management of the balance between working and private dimensions;communication and collaboration facilitation with other colleagues;reduction of technological abundance through the use of tangible interfaces;exploitation of peripheral interaction to reduce the risk of loss of concentration during activities.1.European Commission - Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs: The 2015 Ageing Report. Underlying Assumptions and Projection Methodologies. European Economy 8-2014 (2014). 2.Giakoumis, D., Votis, K., Altsitsiadis, E., Segkouli, S., Paliokas, I., & Tzovaras, D.: Smart, personalized and adaptive ICT solutions for active, healthy and productive ageing with enhanced workability. In: 12th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, pp. 442-447. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2019).3.Ilmarinen, J. (2012). Promoting active ageing in the workplace. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work.
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Dvorkin, Alex, Larry G. Kemball, Dean B. Mah, and Glen E. Perry. "Alarm Management Plan for Pipeline Facilities." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2110.

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The increasing size and complexity of natural gas transmission and distribution systems in North America are leading to higher dependence on automated, remote communication and monitoring of meter station, compression, and pipeline facilities. Along with implementing new technology comes the need to maximise operating cost efficiencies while continuing to deliver reliable transportation service. Managing alarm conditions at over 1100 receipt and delivery meter stations in an efficient and effective manner has become increasingly important for NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) to satisfy customer requirements for finalising individual gas accounts on a daily basis. As a result, NGTL has developed a “Meter Station Alarm Management Plan”. This paper describes the process developed and implemented by NGTL in categorising and prioritising measurement alarms and providing the right response, along with the benefits to be achieved.
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Yang, Chuanbo, and Lei Cao. "The Role of Interfacial Thermal Resistance in Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management." In ASME 2019 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2019-6594.

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Abstract Temperature critically affects the performance, life and safety of lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, it is essential to understand heat generation and dissipation within individual battery cells and battery packs to plan a proper thermal management strategy. One of the key challenges is that interfacial heat transfer of a battery unit is difficult to quantify. The steady-state absolute method and the transient laser-flash-diffusivity method were employed to measure heat conductivities of battery layer stacks and individual battery layer separately. Results show flash diffusivity method gives higher thermal conductivity at both cross-plane and in-plane directions. The difference is primarily caused by interfacial thermal resistance so that it can be estimated by steady-state and transient measurements. To investigate the effects of interfacial thermal transport beyond individual cell level, a multiphysics battery model is used. The model is built upon a multi-scale multi-domain modeling framework for battery packs that accounts for the interplay across multiple physical phenomena. Benefits of a battery module using thermal management materials are quantified through numerical experiments. During a thermal runaway event, it is found interfacial thermal resistance can mitigate thermal runaway in a battery module by significantly reducing heat transfer between cells.
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Zhang, S., W. Zhou, S. Kariyawasam, and T. Huang. "Condition-Based Optimal Maintenance Decision Modeling for Corroding Natural Gas Pipelines." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33217.

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This paper investigates the optimal timing of the first inspection for newly-built onshore underground natural gas pipelines with respect to external metal-loss corrosion by considering the generation of corrosion defects over time and time-dependent growth of individual defects. The non-homogeneous Poisson process is used to model the generation of new defects and the homogeneous gamma process is used to model the growth of individual defects. A realistic maintenance strategy that is consistent with the industry practice and accounts for the probability of detection (PoD) and sizing errors of the inspection tool is incorporated in the investigation. Both the direct and indirect costs of failure are considered. A simulation-based approach is developed to numerically evaluate the expected cost rate at a given inspection interval. The optimal inspection interval is determined based on either the cost criterion or the safety criterion. An example gas pipeline is used to examine the impact of the cost of failure, PoD, and the excavation and repair criteria on the optimal inspection interval through parametric analyses. The results of investigation will assist engineers in making the optimal maintenance decision for corroding natural gas pipelines and facilitate the reliability-based corrosion management.
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van Os, Menno T., Piet van Mastrigt, and Andrew Francis. "An External Corrosion Direct Assessment Module for a Pipeline Integrity Management System." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10159.

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A significant part of the high pressure gas transport system of Gasunie cannot be examined by in-line inspection techniques. To ensure safe operation of these pipelines, an External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA) module for PIMSLIDER (a pipeline integrity management system) is currently under development. The functional specifications of this module are based on NACE RP0502-2002, a recommended practice for ECDA. In addition to this, a new probabilistic methodology has been adopted, to take account for uncertainties associated with ECDA and to quantify the contributions from aboveground surveys and excavations to the integrity of a pipeline. This methodology, which is based on Structural Reliability Analysis (SRA) and Bayesian updating techniques, is presented in more detail in paper IPC2006-10092 of this conference. The DA module of PIMSLIDER enables computerized storage, retrieval and processing of all appropriate pipeline data and therefore guarantees highly accurate, reproducible and time saving integrity analyses of the Gasunie grid. Another important function of this system is the ability to use the complete database of all pipelines to pre-assess the integrity of a particular pipeline. This automated retrieval of data from pipelines with similar characteristics and/or environmental conditions results in a substantial increase of accessible data and enables Gasunie to improve the reliability of applied statistics throughout the process. As a consequence, the overall cost of inspections and excavations can be greatly reduced. In the Pre-Assessment phase, the DA module assists the integrity manager in gathering and analyzing data necessary to determine the current condition of a pipeline. After collection and visualization of the available data, the user can identify suitable ECDA regions. Furthermore, the gathered data are used to construct prior distributions of parameters relevant to the SRA model, such as the number and size of corrosion defects and pipeline-related parameters. In the Indirect Inspections step, the DA module allows the user to store and analyze the data from aboveground surveys, in order to identify and define the severity of coating faults and areas at which corrosion activity may occur. The probabilistic methodology accounts for the individual performance of each applied survey technique in terms of missed defects and false indications, in general a major source of uncertainty in ECDA. In the Direct Examinations phase, excavations are carried out to collect data to assess possible corrosion activity. Subsequently, the ECDA module uses this information to update, among other things, the parameters concerning the performance of survey techniques, the number of defects and the corrosion rate. As a result, updated failure frequencies are calculated for each ECDA-region (after each excavation if required), which are then used by the DA module to advise the integrity manager if additional mitigating activities are necessary, or by defining a reassessment interval.
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Al-Amin, M., W. Zhou, S. Zhang, S. Kariyawasam, and H. Wang. "Hierarchical Bayesian Corrosion Growth Model Based on In-Line Inspection Data." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90509.

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A hierarchical Bayesian growth model is presented in this paper to characterize and predict the growth of individual metal-loss corrosion defects on pipelines. The depth of the corrosion defects is assumed to be a power-law function of time characterized by two power-law coefficients and the corrosion initiation time, and the probabilistic characteristics of the parameters involved in the growth model are evaluated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation technique based on ILI data collected at different times for a given pipeline. The model accounts for the constant and non-constant biases and random scattering errors of the ILI data, as well as the potential correlation between the random scattering errors associated with different ILI tools. The model is validated by comparing the predicted depths with the field-measured depths of two sets of external corrosion defects identified on two real natural gas pipelines. The results suggest that the growth model is able to predict the growth of active corrosion defects with a reasonable degree of accuracy. The developed model can facilitate the pipeline corrosion management program.
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Reports on the topic "Individual retirement accounts – Management"

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Skinner, Jonathan. Individual Retirement Accounts: A Review of the Evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3938.

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Poterba, James, and Mark Warshawsky. The Costs of Annuitizing Retirement Payouts from Individual Accounts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6918.

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Horneff, Vanya, Daniel Liebler, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia Mitchell. Implications of Money-Back Guarantees for Individual Retirement Accounts: Protection Then and Now. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26406.

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Brown, Jeffrey, Olivia Mitchell, and James Poterba. The Role of Real Annuities and Indexed Bonds in an Individual Accounts Retirement Program. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7005.

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Granetto, Paul, Douglas Neville, William Kelley, Thomas Winter, Jonathan Rabben, Michael Davitt, Frederick McComas, Mark Heim, and Thomas Daquano. Financial Management: Military Retirement Fund Processes Related to Deceased Retirees' Accounts. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432637.

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