Academic literature on the topic 'Individual residue'
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Journal articles on the topic "Individual residue"
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Ambrus, Árpád, and Eugenia Soboleva. "Contribution of Sampling to the Variability of Pesticide Residue Data." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 1368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.6.1368.
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Abstract The uneven distribution of pesticide residues among the treated objects leads to an inevitable variability of pesticide residue levels measured in the samples, which may significantly contribute to the combined uncertainty of the analytical results. A total of 8844 unit-crop residue data derived from 57 lots and 19 field trials were evaluated to determine the characteristic features of residue distribution in unit crops and composite samples. The average residue levels and the corresponding coefficient of variation (CV) values obtained for individual units taken from a given lot showed wide variation from lot to lot. There was no significant difference between the CVs of residue levels in sample sets of various unit crops or composite sample populations of different sizes taken from various crops. The CV values for levels of residues taken from individual lots followed normal distribution. Very good correlation was found between the CVs of the parent and sample populations. The experimentally obtained values were very close to those expected on the basis of the central limit theorem. The estimated typical relative standard uncertainties of sampling medium-size crops for pesticide residue analysis in the cases of sample sizes of 5, 10, and 25 were 37, 25, and 16%, respectively.
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Sue Brady, Marietta, and Stanley E. Katz. "In Vitro Effect of Multiple Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Residues on the Selection for Resistance in Bacteria." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 75, no. 4 (July 1, 1992): 738–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/75.4.738.
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Abstract A method using a gram-positive and a gram-negative organism was used to investigate the selection for resistant populations after exposure to residue levels of 7 antibiotics and 1 antimicrobial. The organisms were exposed to individual compounds and combinations of 3 compounds for 14 days. The changes in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a panel of 8 antibiotics and 1 antimicrobial were used as the measure of resistance development/selection. For Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144, exposure to residue levels of oxytetracycline, tylosin, penicillin, and virginiamycin resulted in an increased MIC of the compound itself; most individual residues did not result in increased cross-resistance. With combinations of residues, 13 of 45 determinations resulted in significant increases in MIC. Enterobacter cloacae B520, which was much less sensitive to 4 of 9 markers, showed MIC increases only for tylosin and the combination of neomycin-sulfamethazine-oxytetracycline. The results indicate an interaction among residue levels of antibiotics in selection for resistance.
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Sao, Prachi, Anupam Singh, and Sachidanand Singh. "Predicting Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated Significant Amino-Acid Residues Using Residue-Residue Interaction Analysis." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 21, no. 4 (September 11, 2022): 698–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v21i4.60281.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune and inflammatory disease that requires restructuring. A lot of research information is available, but a clear etiology and drug target information is still unclear. A bottom-up approach can add more information to existing knowledge about RA. One better way of understanding the disease-related mechanism and drug objectives can be a detailed residue-residue interaction of the proteins involved with RA. In the current research work, we have studied the significant proteins reported in the Indian population that are involved in RA progression and have represented each of them as a complex network of amino acid residues to understand the significance of individual residues in the network. We implied the graph theory approach to identity central important residue, based on topological properties of the network. This approach allows us to look at a more precise method to identify potential drug targets. Our result identified leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan as essential nodes in the network, their activity was mainly connected with immune system. Understanding the function of these amino acids in CTLA4, CD40, IRF5, IL2RB, and TRAF could lead to a new treatment options in the fight against Rheumatoid Arthritis. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 04 October’22 Page : 698-710
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Kovář, Jan, and Ivana Matysková. "Effect of modification of certain amino acid residues on enzyme activity of D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 7 (1987): 1872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19871872.
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We examined the effect of several modifying reagents on the activity of the title enzyme. The results show that one histidine residue participates in the interaction of the enzyme with the substrate; one cysteine residue binds near to the nicotine amide moiety of the coenzyme molecule and its role is to induce conformational changes leading to the formation of enzyme aggregates with an increased catalytic power. The enzyme does not contain essential tyrosine and tryptophan residues. The results of the experiments with the modification of additional amino acid residues permit us to make preliminary conclusions only based on the knowledge of the protective effect of the individual ligands: One arginine residue may be involved in the binding of the coenzyme, the residues of lysine and serine may be localized in the substrate binding site.
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Tsushima, Robert G., Ronald A. Li, and Peter H. Backx. "P-loop Flexibility in Na+ Channel Pores Revealed by Single- and Double-cysteine Replacements." Journal of General Physiology 110, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.110.1.59.
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Replacement of individual P-loop residues with cysteines in rat skeletal muscle Na+ channels (SkM1) caused an increased sensitivity to current blockade by Cd2+ thus allowing detection of residues lining the pore. Simultaneous replacement of two residues in distinct P-loops created channels with enhanced and reduced sensitivity to Cd2+ block relative to the individual single mutants, suggesting coordinated Cd2+ binding and cross-linking by the inserted sulfhydryl pairs. Double-mutant channels with reduced sensitivity to Cd2+ block showed enhanced sensitivity after the application of sulfhydryl reducing agents. These results allow identification of residue pairs capable of approaching one another to within less than 3.5 Å. We often observed that multiple consecutive adjacent residues in one P-loop could coordinately bind Cd2+ with a single residue in another P-loop. These results suggest that, on the time-scale of Cd2+ binding to mutant Na+ channels, P-loops show a high degree of flexibility.
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Ambrus, Árpád, Júlia Szenczi-Cseh, Vy Vy N. Doan, and Adrienn Vásárhelyi. "Evaluation of Monitoring Data in Foods." Agrochemicals 2, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals2010006.
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Pesticide residue monitoring data reflect the actual residues in foods as traded and are suitable for estimating consumers’ exposure, evaluating compliance with maximum residue limits, MRLs, and refining future risk-based sampling programmes. The long-term exposure (daily intake) is calculated from the national or regional food consumption data and average residues in the edible portions of food. The non-detected residues may be counted as LOQ, 0.5 LOQ, or 0. The short-term intake is calculated from the large portion consumption of individual foods multiplied by the highest residue concentration found in them and the relevant variability factor. Dietary exposure to a pesticide residue may be characterised by the hazard quotient (HQ) and the hazard index (HI). Cumulative exposure should only be assessed for those compounds having the common mechanism of toxicity (cumulative assessment group, CAG). The number of residue data required for these assessments should be calculated with distribution-free statistics at the targeted confidence level. The proper evaluation of the numerous results can only be completed if they are electronically recorded and can be retrieved in specific formats. Our objectives are to present methods for consumer risk assessment, testing compliance with MRLs, and ranking commodities for risk-based sampling and to give examples of electronic processing of residue data.
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Lin, Qinhao, Guohua Zhang, Long Peng, Xinhui Bi, Xinming Wang, Fred J. Brechtel, Mei Li, et al. "In situ chemical composition measurement of individual cloud residue particles at a mountain site, southern China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 13 (July 12, 2017): 8473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8473-2017.
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Abstract. To investigate how atmospheric aerosol particles interact with chemical composition of cloud droplets, a ground-based counterflow virtual impactor (GCVI) coupled with a real-time single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was used to assess the chemical composition and mixing state of individual cloud residue particles in the Nanling Mountains (1690 m a. s. l. ), southern China, in January 2016. The cloud residues were classified into nine particle types: aged elemental carbon (EC), potassium-rich (K-rich), amine, dust, Pb, Fe, organic carbon (OC), sodium-rich (Na-rich) and Other. The largest fraction of the total cloud residues was the aged EC type (49.3 %), followed by the K-rich type (33.9 %). Abundant aged EC cloud residues that mixed internally with inorganic salts were found in air masses from northerly polluted areas. The number fraction (NF) of the K-rich cloud residues increased within southwesterly air masses from fire activities in Southeast Asia. When air masses changed from northerly polluted areas to southwesterly ocean and livestock areas, the amine particles increased from 0.2 to 15.1 % of the total cloud residues. The dust, Fe, Pb, Na-rich and OC particle types had a low contribution (0.5–4.1 %) to the total cloud residues. Higher fraction of nitrate (88–89 %) was found in the dust and Na-rich cloud residues relative to sulfate (41–42 %) and ammonium (15–23 %). Higher intensity of nitrate was found in the cloud residues relative to the ambient particles. Compared with nonactivated particles, nitrate intensity decreased in all cloud residues except for dust type. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on in situ observation of the chemical composition and mixing state of individual cloud residue particles in China.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Testing the ability of Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt 1833) Isopoda Crustaceans to decompose and consume cellulosean wastes in different ecosystems." Baghdad Science Journal 9, no. 3 (September 2, 2012): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.9.3.397-405.
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The present study was undertaken to use individual terrestrial crustacean from Isopoda such as the species Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt 1833) as environmental cleaner and that through the test of their abilities in decomposition of residues of some cellulosean wastes such as wood pieces which contain high ratio of urban wastes, and residue of Zea mays and particularly leaves as plant waste in agricultural fields and residue of Cynodon dactylon plants which compose the main wastes in most of gardens and parks. Experiments were conducted relatively in stable laboratory conditions to ensure environmental conditions similar to crustaceans' life. The results showed presence of good efficiency of these individuals in treating such wastes as they consumed 89% of wood pieces and 59% of Zea mays leaves and 27% of residue of Cynodon dactylon plants during the period of treatment. The average of each crustacean individual to consume was 0.74, 0.49 and 0.22 gram from the material mentioned respectively. So, it is recommend to conduct further experiments on different models of agricultural and civil wastes by using different species of these organisms to carry out such studies with a broad spectrum in future to treat the wastes and pollutants of environment by biological approach.
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Berg, Erik C., Eric A. Simmons, Todd A. Morgan, and Stanley J. Zarnoch. "Predicting Logging Residue Volumes in Alaska." Forest Science 67, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxaa052.
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Abstract Alaska forest managers seek information on how timber harvesting practices change the creation of postharvest woody residues. To predict residue volumes, researchers investigated how residue ratios—growing-stock residue volume per mill-delivered volume—related to readily available data on logging site and tree attributes in Alaska. Residue ratios were not related to logging site-level variables but were related to individual tree variables with predictive models. Ratios varied widely by tree species and were predicted to increase with larger stump height and larger small-end used diameters and decline exponentially with increasing diameter breast height (dbh) to approximately 25 inches. Ratios were then predicted to increase progressively in larger dbh trees. Results from this study update previous findings in other US Northwest states and can be used to produce or improve residue prediction tools for Alaska land managers.
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McKinney, J. S., X. T. Fu, C. Swearingen, E. Klohe, and R. W. Karr. "Individual effects of the DR11-variable beta-chain residues 67, 71, and 86 upon DR(alpha,beta 1*1101)-restricted, peptide-specific T cell proliferation." Journal of Immunology 153, no. 12 (December 15, 1994): 5564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.153.12.5564.
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Abstract The four members of the HLA-DR11 family of class II molecules vary only by three or fewer amino acids via dimorphisms among DR beta-chain residues 67, 71, and 86. However, they differ markedly in their abilities to induce proliferation of DR(alpha,beta 1*1101)-restricted, peptide-specific T cell clones. To dissect which DR11-variable residues, individually and in combination, mediate these functional differences, we used as APC transfectants expressing DR molecules with one of all possible permutations of DR11-variable sequences, including the four DR11 family members, and four additional DR11 variant mutants. The abilities of the wild-type or mutant molecules to present two distinct influenza peptide Ags, HA307-19 and HA128-45, to T cells was assessed in in vitro T cell proliferation assays. Of the naturally dimorphic DR11 positions, residue beta 71 variation significantly influenced the ability of DR11 molecules to present both peptides to DR(alpha,beta 1*1101)-restricted T cells. Residue beta 86 variation had relatively less influence than reported in several other DR and peptide systems. Residue beta 67 variation usually appeared irrelevant to T cell proliferation, but in two mutants led to unexpected T cell proliferation independent of nominal peptide Ag. Peptide binding, assessed by flow cytometry, was not found to be altered by any mutations that disrupted DR(alpha,beta 1*1101)-like presentation. These data indicate that residue beta 71 exerts a central role in influencing the functional differences among DR11 molecules, whereas the widely studied dimorphism of residue beta 86 is not as generally influential in DR11 as in other alleles.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Individual residue"
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Kuzmick, Danika M. "Individual and population-level effects of solid coal combustion residue on the estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio)." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3356.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Marine, Estuarine, Environmental Sciences Graduate Program. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Neder, Paulo Braga. "A execução residual na tutela dos interesses individuais homogêneos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-16052016-161219/.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da execução residual na tutela dos interesses individuais homogêneos e as questões procedimentais que envolvem o instituto no direito processual brasileiro. Foram abordados aspectos relativos aos fundamentos do instituto no direito brasileiro, os requisitos para sua aplicação e o procedimento para a restituição da indenização devida aos indivíduos nos casos em que esta se faz necessária.This paper aims to study the fluid recovery in the protection of homogeneous individual interests in Brazilian Law and the procedural issues surrounding the institute. The paper approached aspects related to the fundamentals of the institute in Brazilian law, the requirements for their application and the procedure for due compensation for individuals in cases where this is necessary.
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Dickmann, Leslie J. "Characterization of CYP2C9 residues important for conferring substrate specificity and inter-individual variability in drug metabolism /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8184.
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Ruhle, Sascha Alexander [Verfasser]. "Explaining Individual Differences in Workplace Commitments - The Role of Residual Bonds and Commitment Propensity / Sascha Alexander Ruhle." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038222699/34.
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Gardinier, Susan. "Does participation in the Food Stamp program or WIC affect the probability that an individual adult will reside in a food secure household?" CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4168.
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Lima, Ana Maria de. "Análise da transição do trabalho individual para o trabalho coletivo em cooperativas de reciclagem de resíduos: um estudo de caso da Coopertan de Tangará da Serra-MT." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3631.
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-19The work of separation of recycled materials in the district of Tangará da Serra is a practice that accompanied the birth and development of the city. With passing of the years it is noticed the presence of the interest of the public power and the community in relation to the importance of the reciclagem work developed in the municipal district in the socia aspects, environmental and generation of income. Starting from the need of the construction of the Municipal Sanitary Embankment, the interest with relationship to the workers that made the separation of the domestic garbage, was still individually more evident. In that sense, the general objective of the work was:contribute to building knowledge about the process of transition from individual work to the collective work in the sector of solid waste collection. The specific objectives were: understand the creation and the development of COOPERTAN in the district of Tangará da Serra-MT, analyze the development of the collective work process in COOPERTAN, make a comparative between the individual work and the collective work in the district, understand how the workers of COOPERTAN notice the differences between the individual work and the collective work after the formalization of the cooperative and to identify the strong points and the challenges for the cooperative. The used methodology was the participant research, through accompaniment of the work, meetings, assemblies and the formation of the group in the thematic of cooperatives in selective collection of the domestic garbage and organization of the work. The research demonstrated fragility and difficulty of collective organization and lack of technical formation of the workers. It was also noticed difficulties of the supporting institutions act with coherence, according to the needs and the specificities of the analyzed group. It is worth to point out that, in spite of so many difficulties in that resource, the great majority of those cooperated, mainly the founders that continue in the group, like what they do, they feel pride of the work and they present great expectation and persistence in the search of the autonomy and good results of the enterprise.
O trabalho de separação de materiais recicláveis no município de Tangará da Serra é uma prática que acompanhou o nascimento e desenvolvimento da cidade. Com o passar dos anos percebe-se a presença do interesse do poder público e da comunidade em relação a importância do trabalho de reciclagem desenvolvido no município nos aspectos sociais, ambientais e de geração de renda. A partir da necessidade da construção do Aterro Sanitário Municipal, o interesse quanto aos trabalhadores que faziam a separação do lixo doméstico, ainda individualmente, ficou mais evidente. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral do trabalho foi: contribuir para a construção do conhecimento sobre o processo de transição do trabalho individual para o trabalho coletivo no segmento de coleta de resíduos sólidos. Os objetivos específicos foram: entender como ocorreu à criação e o desenvolvimento da COOPERTAN no município de Tangará da Serra-MT; analisar o desenvolvimento do processo de trabalho coletivo na COOPERTAN; fazer um comparativo entre o trabalho individual e o trabalho coletivo no município; compreender como os trabalhadores da COOPERTAN percebem as diferenças entre o trabalho individual e o trabalho coletivo após a formalização da cooperativa, identificar os pontos fortes e os desafios para a cooperativa. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa participante e estudo de caso, através de acompanhamento do trabalho, reuniões, assembléias e a formação do grupo nas temáticas de cooperativismo em coleta seletiva do lixo doméstico e organização do trabalho. A pesquisa demonstrou fragilidade e dificuldade da organização coletiva e falta de formação técnica do coletivo. Notou-se também dificuldades das instituições apoiadoras agirem com coerência, conforme as necessidades e as especificidades do grupo analisado.Vale ressaltar que, apesar de tantas dificuldades nesse percurso, a grande maioria dos cooperados principalmente os fundadores que continuam no grupo gostam do que fazem, sentem orgulho do trabalho e apresentam grande expectativa e persistência na busca da autonomia e de bons resultados do empreendimento.
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Abichou, Klich Amna. "Décomposition de la variance dans le modèle de classification de trajectoires de biomarqueurs." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1199/document.
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L’analyse de mesures longitudinales –appelées trajectoires– est de plus en plus fréquente en recherche médicale. L’un des intérêts de cette analyse est d’identifier des groupes d’individus ayant des trajectoires similaires. La classification obtenue peut être utilisée pour mieux comprendre l’hétérogénéité des évolutions entre individus. La classification peut être déterminée à partir d’un modèle pour lequel les trajectoires des individus correspondent à la trajectoire du groupe auquel ils sont affectés. L’objectif de la thèse est de développer une extension de ce modèle de classification standard permettant une meilleure prise en compte de la variabilité au sein des groupes, (i) variabilité des valeurs du marqueur (variance résiduelle) et (ii) variabilité des profils d’évolution (variance inter-individuelle). Deux modèles de classification sont développés : 1) un premier modèle qui prend en compte une variance résiduelle au sein de chaque groupe variable d’un groupe à l’autre, et 2) un deuxième modèle qui prend en compte une variabilité des trajectoires au sein des groupes au lieu de de prédire la même trajectoire pour tous les individus d’un même groupe, variabilité qui peut être identique ou variable d’un groupe à l’autre. L’intérêt de ces deux modèles a été montré par des travaux de simulations et par des applications cliniques. Globalement, lorsque le nombre de mesures et de trajectoires est suffisant, ces modèles donnent de meilleures classifications que celles du modèle de classification standard. Par ailleurs, en dehors de plans expérimentaux très contrôlés, les deux sources de variabilité sont inhérentes à la recherche en santé. Ces modèles sont donc très pertinents d’un point de vue cliniqueThe analysis of longitudinal measures –called trajectories– is more and more frequent in clinical research. One of the interests of this analysis is to identify groups of individuals with similar trajectories. The obtained classification is used to understand and explore the heterogeneity of trajectories among subjects. The classification can be performed by a model that predicts the same trajectory for all the subjects that are classified in the same group. The objective of this thesis is to develop an extension to the standard classification model that gives greater consideration to the variability within groups, (i) the variability of marker values (residual variance), and (ii) the variability of the individual trajectories inside a group (between-individual variance). Two classification models were developed: 1) a first model that allows unequal residual variance across groups, and 2) a second model that takes into account a between-individual variance within each group instead of predicting the same trajectory for all subjects in the same group, a variance that can be equal or unequal across groups. The interest of these two models has been studied by simulations and through clinical applications. Overall, when the number of trajectories and measurements per trajectory is sufficient, these models gives better classification compared to the standard classification model. Moreover, except for highly controlled experimental designs, the two sources of variability are inherent to research in health. Therefore, these models are very relevant from a clinical point of view
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Cuadros, Torres Milagros Camila, and Calero Antonelhla Mirelhla Ganoza. "Asociación del nivel de actividad física de acuerdo al estado de glicemia en individuos de 30 a 69 años que residen en las zonas semi-urbanas de Tumbes, Perú durante el 2016-2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654659.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: El manejo de los diabéticos es complejo debido a múltiples factores de riesgo asociados y complicaciones que disminuyen su calidad de vida.
OBJETIVOS: Determinar si la prevalencia de actividad física y tiempo sentado viendo TV difieren según el estado de glicemia en población entre 30 a 69 años residentes de Tumbes.
METODOLOGIA: Análisis de datos secundarios de un estudio de base poblacional. Dos fueron las variables de respuesta, nivel de actividad física y tiempo sentado viendo TV. La exposición fue estado de glicemia categorizada en euglicémico, disglicémico y diabético tipo 2, dividida en diabético no consciente y consciente de su enfermedad. Se reportó el análisis con razones de prevalencia e intervalos de confianza al 95% utilizando modelos de regresión de Poisson.
RESULTADOS: Los datos de 1607 participantes se analizaron, 809 (50.3%) fueron mujeres, la edad media fue 48.2 años (DE 10.6). La prevalencia de diabetes total fue 11.0% (IC95% 9.5% - 12.6%) y disglicemia 16.9% (IC95% 15.1% - 18.8%). Un total de 605 (37.6%; IC95% 35.2% -39.9%) reportaron bajos niveles de actividad física y 1019 (63.3%; IC95% 60.9% - 65.7%) pasar ≥2 horas al día sentados viendo TV. En modelo multivariado, no se encontró asociación significativa entre estado de glicemia y niveles de actividad física (RP= 1.14; IC95% 0.95-1.36); igualmente entre estado de glicemia y tiempo sentado viendo TV. Sin embargo, los diabéticos conscientes fueron más probables de tener bajos niveles de actividad física comparados con los euglicémicos (RP= 1.31; IC 95% 1.06-1.61).
CONCLUSIONES: No se encontró asociación significativa entre estado de glicemia, nivel de actividad física y tiempo sentado viendo TV, hallándose niveles similares de actividad física entre euglicémicos, disglicémicos y diabéticos. Los diabéticos conscientes tienen 30% más probabilidad de presentar actividad física baja respecto a euglicémicos. Se recomienda aumentar los niveles de actividad física para prevenir complicaciones de DM2.INTRODUCTION: The management of diabetics is complex due to multiple associated risk factors and complications that decrease their quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the prevalence of physical activity levels and sitting time watching TV differ depending on glycemia status in population between 30 and 69 years old living in Tumbes. METHODS: A secondary analysis using data from a population-based study was conducted. Two were the outcomes: physical activity levels and sitting time watching TV. The exposure was glycemia status categorized into euglycemia, dysglycemia and T2DM. The T2DM group was further split into: aware and unaware of T2DM diagnosis. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% CI were reported using Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Data of 1607 individuals, mean age 48.2 (SD:10.6) years, 809 (50.3%) females, were analyzed. Dysglicemia and T2DM was present in 16.9% (95% CI: 15.1% 18.8%) and 11.0% (95% CI: 9.5%-12.6%) of participants, respectively. A total of 605 (37.6%; 95% CI: 35.2%-39.9%) had low levels of physical activity and 1019 (63.3%; 95% CI: 60.9%-65.7%) spent ≥2 hours per day sitting watching TV. In multivariable model, there was no significant association between glycemia status and physical activity levels (PR =1.14; 95% CI: 0.95- 1.36). Similarly between glycemia status and sitting time watching TV. However, those aware of T2DM diagnosis were more likely to have low levels of physical activity (PR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.06-1.61) compared to the euglycemics. CONCLUSIONS: We found a no relationship between glycemia status and physical activity level or sitting time watching TV, pointing out similar levels of physical activity among those with euglycemia, dysglicemia and T2DM. Individuals aware of having T2DM were 30% more likely to have low physical activity levels compared to the euglycemics. There is a need to increase physical activity levels among T2DM individuals to prevent DM2 complications.
Tesis
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Shi, Andong. "The effect of residue mixing, clay content and drying and rewetting on soil respiration and microbial biomass." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/93521.
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Organic matter decomposition in terrestrial system is of vital importance for nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. Soil microorganisms are the key drivers of decomposition which regulates the availability of inorganic nutrients through immobilisation and mineralisation. The size of the soil organic C pool is twice that of C in the atmosphere and more than twice of that in vegetation. Thus, organic matter decomposition in soil greatly influences the C flux between soil and the atmosphere. Therefore understanding factors influencing organic matter decomposition is important for climate change mitigation and soil fertility. In this thesis, the effects of residue mixing, removal of water-extractable organic C, clay subsoil addition to sandy soil and drying and rewetting on decomposition were investigated. Organic matter decomposition is influenced by both internal and environmental factors. Plant residues are an important source of soil organic C and decomposition of plant residues has been studied extensively. However, residues from different species or above- and below-ground residues are often mixed and less is known about factors influencing decomposition of residue mixtures. Shoot and root residues of three Australian native perennial grass species [Wallaby grass (Danthonia sp); Stipa sp and Kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra)] and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were mixed to create nine different residue mixtures (1:1 mixture). Soil respiration was measured over 18 days. Cumulative respiration in residue mixtures differed from the expected value (average of cumulative respiration of individual residues) in most cases with synergistic interactions occurring in 56 % of the mixtures (expected < measured value), antagonism in 22 % (expected > measured value). Synergism occurred when residues with relative similar decomposition rate were mixed, while antagonism occurred when the decomposition rate of individual residues differed strongly. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between the change in microbial biomass C (MBC) and available N concentration between the start of the experiment and day 18 and cumulative respiration on day 18. The interaction with respect to cumulative respiration was not reflected in MBC and available N concentrations. Cumulative respiration and MBC concentration were greater in soil amended with residues with higher water-extractable organic C (WEOC) concentration, compared to those with lower WEOC concentration, either individually or as in mixtures. Between 2 and 30 % of organic C in residues is water-extractable and its importance in stimulating decomposition has been shown previously. Water-extractable organic C can be leached by heavy rainfall or irrigation, but little is known about the effect of addition of residues from which the WEOC was removed by extraction or leaching on microbial activity and biomass. Shoot residues of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were extracted five times for maximal removal of WEOC or were leached up to eight times to partially remove WEOC. Maximum WEOC removal decreased both soil respiration and MBC concentration in the first week, but MBC concentration at the end of the experiment was greater with extracted residues compared to the original residues. With leached residues, partial removal also reduced respiration rate in the first 10 days. However, MBC concentration was greatest with residue leached eight times, suggesting great substrates utilisation efficiency. In South Australia a large area of land is covered by sandy soils (3.2 million ha), with a heavy textured soil underneath, so called ‘duplex soil’. Due to the lack of binding sites for organic matter and nutrients and large pore size, sandy soils are often characterised by low organic matter content, low nutrient and water retention capacity and rapid organic matter decomposition. Addition of clay-rich subsoil to sandy soil has been shown to increase crop yield and water retention in sandy soils. Additionally, clay particles could bind organic matter. However, little is known about the effect of clay subsoil addition to sandy soil on soil respiration after addition of residue mixtures. Clay subsoil was added to a sandy top soil at 10 and 30 % (w/w). Residues of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and two native perennial grass species (Danthonia sp and Themeda triandra) were added individually or as 1:1 mixture. Increasing clay addition decreased cumulative respiration and extractable C concentration in soil with individual residues and mixtures. No interaction was observed in terms of cumulative respiration in sandy soil alone, but at addition of 10 % clay subsoil, antagonism occurred in two residue mixtures, and at 30 % clay addition synergism occurred in one of the mixtures. It can be concluded that clay soil addition to sandy soil does not only alter decomposition rate but also interactions in residue mixtures. In Mediterranean climate such as in South Australia long periods of dry and hot weather are interrupted by occasional rainfall or irrigation. Although the effect of drying and rewetting (DRW) has been studied extensively, the factors determining the respiration flush upon rewetting and total cumulative respiration are not fully understood. A sandy soil amended with different proportion of clay subsoil (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 %) was exposed to a single DRW event. Expressed per g soil, cumulative respiration in the constantly moist control (CM) decreased with increasing clay soil addition rate, but cumulative respiration in the DRW treatment did not vary among clay soil treatments. However, when expressed per g total organic C (TOC), cumulative respiration in the DRW treatment increased with increasing clay subsoil addition rate. Addition of clay subsoil increased water retention capacity during drying, thus microbial activity. The respiration flush one day after rewetting was greater than the respiration rate in CM only in treatments with 20-40 % clay addition rate. The response of respiration to DRW may be influenced by land management due to its effect on the soil organic C pool and differ between soil size fractions. An incubation experiment was conducted with soils collected from two plots with a long history of different management (wheat-fallow rotation and permanent pasture). The soils were sieved to 4-10 mm and <2 mm to obtain two size factions. There were five moisture treatments with the same length (48 days). The CM treatment was maintained at 50 % of maximum water-holding capacity (WHC) throughout. In the DRW treatments, the number of dry and moist days was equal but the number of DRW events ranged from one to four (1 to 4DRW). Cumulative respiration per g TOC at the end of the experiment was greater in the <2 mm than in the 4-10 mm fraction in both soils and was highest in CM and 1DRW. In wheat soil, cumulative respiration decreased from 1DRW to 3DRW, whereas it decreased only between 2 to 3DRW in pasture soil. Cumulative respiration in the second moist period was greater in 3DRW than in 2DRW (8 and 12 prior moist days) whereas cumulative respiration in the third moist period was greater in 4DRW than in 3DRW (12 and 16 prior moist days). It can be concluded that the response of respiration to drying and rewetting is more strongly influenced by management than size fraction. Cumulative respiration upon rewetting is influenced not only by the number of DRW cycles but also the number of moist days prior to rewetting. Three incubation experiments were carried out to assess the relationship between cumulative respiration per g TOC and the number of moist or dry days with the two soils used in the previous experiment. In the first experiment, the CM and DRW treatments had the same total length (10 days) with different proportions of moist and dry days in the DRW treatments. The second and third experiment had DRW cycles of dry and moist period of equal length with one cycle in Experiment 2 and two cycles in Experiment 3. Soil in the CM was maintained at 50 % of WHC throughout for all experiments. Total cumulative respiration per g TOC was greater in wheat than in pasture soil which can be explained by the greater proportion of particulate organic matter in the former. In the first experiment, cumulative respiration in the dry period was not influenced by the number of dry days, but cumulative respiration in moist period increased with number of moist days. Total cumulative respiration in the DRW cycle was negatively correlated with the number of dry days and positively correlated with the number of moist days. Cumulative respiration in DRW treatments was lower than in CM when the proportion of moist days was less than 50 % of the total length with the difference becoming greater with decreasing proportion of moist days. In both the second and the third experiment, total cumulative respiration increased with increasing number of days with a greater increase in CM than in DRW treatments. When subjected to two DRW cycles in the third experiment, total cumulative respiration in each DRW cycle was also positively correlated with the number of moist days with the slope greater in first than in the second DRW cycle. In conclusion, cumulative respiration in DRW cycles is mainly a function of the number or proportion of moist days and little influenced by soil management. An incubation experiment was conducted with the soil from the wheat-fallow rotation to determine the influence of number of dry and moist days and their distribution in two DRW cycles on respiration rate and cumulative respiration in each DRW cycle. The number of moist and dry days ranged in either the first or second DRW cycle between 10 and 35. The constantly moist treatments were maintained at 70 % of WHC throughout. Cumulative respiration in CM was greater than that in DRW treatments with the difference greater in treatments with varying number of dry days than those with varying number of moist days. Cumulative respiration in the dry period differed little among DRW treatments. The flush of respiration upon rewetting increased with number of prior dry days. Respiration rates in the moist period of the first cycle were higher than in the second cycle only up to 17 days, indicating that the effect of prior substrate utilisation in 5 moist days in the first cycle is limited to first 17 days in the moist period of second cycle. Cumulative respiration in the moist period increased with the number of prior dry or moist days with the increase greater in treatments varying in number of moist days than those varying in number of dry days. Cumulative respiration was greater when the number of moist or dry days varied in the first than in the second cycle. It is concluded that the number of dry days influences the size of the respiration flush after rewetting, while the number and distribution of moist days affect cumulative respiration. To summarise, the studies described in this thesis showed: • Cumulative respiration in residue mixtures relative to that of the individual residues depends on residue type and soil clay content. • Removal of WEOC from residues reduces initial respiration rates but not always cumulative respiration. • Addition of clay to sandy soil not only reduces cumulative respiration but also alters respiration in dry and moist periods of DRW cycles. • Cumulative respiration in DRW treatments is mainly influenced by the length of the moist period: (i) total length of the moist period determines total cumulative respiration at the end of the DRW treatments, and (ii) number of prior moist days influences respiration in the subsequent cycles.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2015
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Carvalho, Bernardo. "Renascimento gestão e reciclegem de residuos de resíduos, Lda: individual assignment." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/25427.
Full textBooks on the topic "Individual residue"
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Taehakkyo, Taegu, ed. Challyu nongyak sihŏmpŏp kaesŏn saŏp: Kaebyŏl punsŏkpŏp mit haesŏlsŏ kaebal : yŏnʼgu kyŏlgwa pogosŏ = Improvement of analytical methods for pesticide residues in foods : development of individual methods and analytical manual. [Seoul]: Sikpʻum Ŭiyakpʻum Anjŏnchʻŏng, 2007.
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Shaver, J. Myles. Headquarters Economy Attributes and Strategy/Policy Foundations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828914.003.0006.
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This chapter highlights the advantages that stem from a headquarters economy compared to other regional economies such as industry clusters or creative economies. It then presents an overarching structure from which to consider public policies that can aid and sustain headquarters economies, and corporate strategies that tap into and aid headquarters economies. In doing this, the chapter highlights managers as key decision-makers who make purposeful choices of where they work and reside. It identifies four key constituents that affect such managerial choices. These constituents are companies, governments, non-governmental organizations, and other individuals within the managerial talent pool.
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Allen, Tammy D., and Lillian T. Eby, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Work and Family. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.001.0001.
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Scholarship and practice concerning work–family issues have exploded over the past several decades. Managing work and family responsibilities is a topic of interest to individuals all across the globe and a frequent topic of conversation in both the private and the public sector. Organizations have a stake too. Programs and policies intended to help individuals manage work and nonwork responsibilities are a major issue of interest with organizations. Work–family scholarship is rich and complex, emanating from multiple disciplines including psychology, management, sociology, economics, and human development studies.The Oxford Handbook of Work and Familyassimilates state-of-the-art reviews of both established and cutting edge topics in the work–family field. Issues are addressed that pertain to individuals, families, the context within which individuals and families reside, and practice within organizations. Emerging topics are included that are intended to propel the field forward. The final section of the book is devoted to the development of future research. Leaders in the field who represent different domains and fields of study contribute the chapters in the volume. The volume should serve a multidisciplinary, global audience of work–family scholars, students, and practitioners.
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Craig, Forcese. Part II Institutions and Constitutional Change, A The Crown and the Executive, Ch.7 The Executive, the Royal Prerogative, and the Constitution. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0007.
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The royal prerogative is the residue of power once exercised by the Crown. In modern Canadian law, some historic prerogative powers have been codified as part of Canada’s written constitutional law. Others persist in a form governed by constitutional conventions. Most others have been displaced by legislation, through the exercise of parliamentary supremacy. Exactly what is required before this displacement by statute arises is, however, an area of considerable uncertainty in Canadian law. What is clear is that the royal prerogative remains a source of executive authority in several special subject areas, especially defence and foreign relations. Some exercises of the remaining prerogatives constitute matters of high policy, whereas others may affect the interests and rights of individuals. Where exercises of the prerogative do affect interests and rights, the prerogative has been treated no differently than any other exercise of executive power. Specifically, it has been subject to judicial review.
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Gunnell, John G. Social Science and Ideology. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0031.
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The origins of the social sciences were in ideologies associated with moral philosophy and social reform movements. The turn to science was initially to secure the cognitive authority to speak truth to power about matters of social policy. This heritage was particularly salient in the controversy about behaviouralism in American political science. The debate between what was becoming mainstream political science and a growing number of individuals in the subfield of political theory was actually less about whether the discipline could emulate the methods of natural science than about an underlying conflict between competing visions of democracy. This was to some extent the residue of a dispute, which began in the 1920s, between pluralism as the basis of a theory of democracy and a more communitarian image, but it was also a reflection of more recent work in political philosophy as well as ideological differences in the American political context.
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Stoler, Ann Laura. Interior Frontiers. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190076375.001.0001.
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Abstract This book reviews the colonial projects of the nineteenth and twentieth century which cast a long shadow on the laws, politics, and culture of nations around the world. It mentions the colonial residue that is apparent in fears about caravans of refugees and their effects on national culture. It also highlights the argument that nationalism isn’t something that appeared out of nowhere, pointing out that liberals failed to see it coming because of the philosophical concepts that can’t capture the importance of imperial thinking to liberal notions of self and nation. The book looks at a range of concepts that fall outside of traditional political measures and that structure the ways in which nations and individuals conceive of themselves. It considers Europe as a “shatterzone,” an eighteenth-century geological term for areas of fissured rock that networks of veins that fill with rich mineral deposits.
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Keene, Danya E., and Mark B. Padilla. Neighborhoods, Spatial Stigma, and Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843496.003.0010.
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An emerging literature on spatial stigma suggests that negative representations of place may adversely affect the health of individuals who reside in disadvantaged neighborhoods. This chapter reviews the literature on spatial stigma as it relates to neighborhood health inequality. The chapter draws on existing neighborhood research to describe the processes that may connect spatial stigma to health and the ways that spatial stigma is experienced and managed within neighborhoods. It also reviews existing empirical literature that connects measures of spatial stigma to health outcomes, including hypertension. Although the growing literature on spatial stigma represents a new concept for the study of neighborhood effects, it also represents a fundamental departure from this literature.
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Venkatesan, Arun. Central Nervous System Whipple Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0169.
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Whipple disease (WD) is a multisystemic infection caused by the bacillus Tropheryma whipplei. Although the organism is ubiquitous in the environment, WD is rare. In affected individuals, the organism resides intracellularly within macrophages and can manipulate host immune responses to avoid clearance. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement can occur as a manifestation of classic WD, in the setting of a relapse of previously treated WD, or rarely as isolated nervous system infection. Diagnosis of CNS WD rests on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and demonstration of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive macrophages in tissue, and ef
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Shuy, Roger W. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190669898.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the important concepts of intentionality, ambiguity, deception, institutional power, and the discourse context in the context of the Inverted Pyramid approach in order to reveal the deceptive ambiguity used by police, prosecutors, undercover agents, and complainants in the fifteen criminal cases described in the following chapters. The Inverted Pyramid is a heuristic for analyzing continuous conversation. This chapter introduces and defines the elements of the Inverted Pyramid, noting that it is most useful to begin analysis of criminal case language evidence with the largest language element, the speech event, followed in descending order with the increasingly smaller language elements of the participants’ schemas, their individual agendas (as revealed by topics and responses), their speech acts, conversational strategies used by law representatives of the government, and the lexicon and grammar, which is the language element in which the alleged smoking gun evidence commonly is thought to reside).
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Hiskey, Jonathan T., and Mason W. Moseley. Life in the Political Machine. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500408.001.0001.
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Against the backdrop of a world characterized by highly uneven democracies, in which subnational dominant-party enclaves persist within nationally democratic regimes, this book explores the ways in which these enclaves shape the political attitudes and behaviors of citizens who reside in them. Through analysis of a decade’s worth of survey data across the 55 provinces and states of Argentina and Mexico, this study finds a distinct subnational political culture among individuals nested in dominant-party enclaves. This culture is characterized by heightened exposure to corruption and vote buying, low levels of support for democratic principles, and patterns of political behavior that reflect the governing characteristics of the political machines that citizens must confront on a daily basis. In contrast, among those individuals living in subnational political systems that have successfully shut down the machine, the work finds a political culture more akin to that found in established democracies. As such, this book provides extensive support for the need to more fully incorporate subnational political dynamics into accounts of the drivers behind citizens’ political attitudes and behaviors, in an era in which democracies across the world appear increasingly at risk.
Book chapters on the topic "Individual residue"
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Hau, Stephan. "Day’s Residues." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1012–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_577.
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Hau, Stephan. "Day’s Residues." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_577-1.
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Magano, Olga, and Maria Manuela Mendes. "Key Factors to Educational Continuity and Success of Ciganos in Portugal." In Social and Economic Vulnerability of Roma People, 135–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52588-0_9.
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AbstractThe goal of this article is to analyse the impact of specific public policies on the school trajectories of socially vulnerable Ciganos (Gypsies/Roma) who reside/live in the Metropolitan Areas of Lisbon and Porto. Through carrying out qualitative research, the analysis of key factors will allow us to understand the reasons behind school continuity and educational success of Ciganos, as well as the identity (re)configuration processes associated with the education paths of these individuals. We find that trajectories are not only intertwined with public policies and programmes, but also with other explanatory factors inherent to the individual, to the type of support he/she receives from his/her family, the presence of key figures in their lives, and the importance of peers and institutional factors inherent to the way public schools operate.
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Ding, Xin, Ruimin Hu, Zhen Han, and Zhongyuan Wang. "A Novel Frontal Facial Synthesis Algorithm Based on Individual Residual Face." In MultiMedia Modeling, 14–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73600-6_2.
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Allahkarami, M., B. Jayakumar, and J. C. Hanan. "Residual Stress of Individual Aluminum Grains from Three Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction." In Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Volume 6, 123–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06989-0_16.
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Nölting, Bengt. "The folding pathway of a protein (barstar) at the resolution of individual residues from microseconds to seconds." In Protein Folding Kinetics, 137–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03966-3_10.
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Lang, Florian, Albrecht Schmidt, and Tonja Machulla. "Augmented Reality for People with Low Vision: Symbolic and Alphanumeric Representation of Information." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 146–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58796-3_19.
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AbstractMany individuals with visual impairments have residual vision that often remains underused by assistive technologies. Head-mounted augmented reality (AR) devices can provide assistance, by recoding difficult-to-perceive information into a visual format that is more accessible. Here, we evaluate symbolic and alphanumeric information representations for their efficiency and usability in two prototypical AR applications: namely, recognizing facial expressions of conversational partners and reading the time. We find that while AR provides a general benefit, the complexity of the visual representations has to be matched to the user’s visual acuity.
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Oxtoby, Neil P., Fabio S. Ferreira, Agoston Mihalik, Tong Wu, Mikael Brudfors, Hongxiang Lin, Anita Rau, et al. "ABCD Neurocognitive Prediction Challenge 2019: Predicting Individual Residual Fluid Intelligence Scores from Cortical Grey Matter Morphology." In Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Neurocognitive Prediction, 114–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31901-4_14.
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Labrianidis, Lois, and Nikolaos Karampekios. "The ‘Virtual Return’ Option of the Highly Educated Immigrants: The Case of Greek PhD Holders." In IMISCOE Research Series, 47–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11574-5_3.
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AbstractHighly educated human capital is crucial for economic development. This has created a situation where countries compete to attract the best and the brightest. Being the case that in developed countries the demand for skilled human capital is greater than the supply, such global policies risk the possibility of less developed ones losing a significant part of their human capital. In this chapter, we review the policies followed by the countries losing their human capital to counter this trend. Greece being such a case, herein we examine the relevant policies and present the results of a novel field research. Conducted on top-tier highly educated individuals (PhD holders) who received their doctorate degree in the period 1985–2018, we examine issues of physical and virtual option as well as return policies that can be extended by the state. In terms of findings, 14.8% of these individuals currently live abroad while 31.3% of them have lived and worked abroad in the past. They maintain strong ties with Greece and they believe that the state could do certain things to help them to return (return option) as well as to facilitate their connection to the Greek economy while they still reside abroad (‘virtual return’/ ‘diaspora option’).
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Deshpande, Milind S., and James Burton. "A Systematic Approach for Determining Minimum Inhibitory Sequence and Contribution of Individual Residues in Binding of Kininogen Fragments to Tissue Kallikrein." In Recent Progress on Kinins, 210–16. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7321-5_28.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Individual residue"
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Muth, David, Joshua Koch, Douglas McCorkle, and Kenneth Bryden. "A Computational Strategy for Design and Implementation of Equipment That Addresses Sustainable Agricultural Residue Removal at the Subfield Scale." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71430.
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Agricultural residues are the largest potential near term source of biomass for bioenergy production. Sustainable use of agricultural residues for bioenergy production requires consideration of the important role that residues play in maintaining soil health and productivity. Innovation equipment designs for residue harvesting systems can help economically collect agricultural residues while mitigating sustainability concerns. A key challenge in developing these equipment designs is establishing sustainable reside removal rates at the sub-field scale. Several previous analysis studies have developed methodologies and tools to estimate sustainable agricultural residue removal by considering environmental constraints including soil loss from wind and water erosion and soil organic carbon at field scale or larger but have not considered variation at the sub-field scale. This paper introduces a computational strategy to integrate data and models from multiple spatial scales to investigate how variability of soil, grade, and yield within an individual cornfield can impact sustainable residue removal for bioenergy production. This strategy includes the current modeling tools (i.e., RUSLE2, WEPS, and SCI), the existing data sources (i.e., SSURGO soils, CLIGEN, WINDGEN, and NRCS managements), and the available high fidelity spatial information (i.e., LiDAR slope and crop yield monitor output). Rather than using average or representative values for crop yields, soil characteristics, and slope for a field, county, or larger area, the modeling inputs are based on the same spatial scale as the precision farming data available. There are three challenges for developing an integrated model for sub-field variability of sustainable agricultural residue removal—the computational challenge of iteratively computing with 400 or more spatial points per hectare, the inclusion of geoprocessing tools, and the integration of data from different spatial scales. Using a representative field in Iowa, this paper demonstrates the computational algorithms used and establishes key design parameters for an innovative residue removal equipment design concept.
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Ashok Kumar, A., Margaret Insley, Jay Gambee, Sharon J. Busby, and Kathleen L. Berkner. "SITE SPECIFIC MUTAGENESIS WITHIN THE GLA-DOMAIN OF HUMAN FACTOR IX." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644079.
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Factor IX, a plasma protein, plays a critical role in blood coagulation. The biological activity of factor IX as well as several other plasma proteins depends on the presence of gamma-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla) residues in their amino terminal region. In vitro mutagenesis has been used to selectively replace Gla residues of factor IX with aspartic acid (Asp) residues in order to establish the contribution of individual as well as paired Gla residues to the normal functioning of the protein. These substitutions were made at positions 7, 15, 20 and 26 in human factor IX. In addition, residue number 18, a cysteine has been changed to serine in an attempt to disrupt the highly conserved disulfide bond in the gla-domain. The gla-domain mutants will be produced in mammalian cells and compared with native recombinant factor IX. A rapid immunoaffinity purification procedure, which has been used to obtain recombinant factor IX produced in the presence or absence of vitamin K, is being used to purify the mutants. Protein sequence analysis has been used to confirm complete processing and proper gamma-carboxylation of recombinant factor IX. The properties of these mutants as compared to human factor IX will be discussed.
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Wu, Zhiqiang, Shuzhong Wang, Jun Zhao, Lin Chen, and Haiyu Meng. "Investigation on Thermal and Kinetic Characteristics During Co-Pyrolysis of Coal and Lignocellulosic Agricultural Residue." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32162.
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Co-utilization of coal and lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to reduce greenhouse gases emission from energy production. As a fundamental step of typically thermochemical co-utilization (e.g., co-combustion, co-gasification), co-pyrolysis of coal and lignocellulosic biomass has remarkable effect on the conversation of the further step. Thermal behavior and kinetic analysis are prerequisite for predicting co-pyrolysis performance and modeling co-gasification and co-combustion processes. In this paper, co-pyrolysis behavior of a Chinese bituminous coal blended with lignocellulosic agricultural residue (wheat straw collected from north of China) and model compound (cellulose) were explored via thermogravimetric analyzer. Bituminous coal and lignocellulosic agricultural residue were heated from ambient temperature to 900 °C under different heating rates (10, 20, 40 °C·min−1) with various mass mixing ratios (coal/lignocellulosic agricultural residue ratios of 100, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0). Activation energy were calculate via iso-conversional method (eg. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Starink methods). The results indicated that pyrolysis rate of coal was accelerated by wheat straw under all mixing conditions. Cellulose promoted the pyrolysis rate of coal under equal or lesser than 50% mass ratio. Some signs about positive or passive synergistic effect were found in char yield. Char yields were lower than that calculated from individual samples for bituminous coal and wheat straw. With the increasing of cellulose mass ratio, the positive synergies on char yields were reduced, resulting in passive synergistic effect especially under higher coal/cellulose mass ratio (25/75). Nonlinearity performance was observed from the distribution of activation energy.
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Mueller, Christian, Dan Lundmark, Bengt-Johan Skrifvars, Rainer Backman, Maria Zevenhoven, and Mikko Hupa. "CFD Based Ash Deposition Prediction in a BFB Firing Mixtures of Peat and Forest Residue." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-102.
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Fuels currently used for energy production in thermal power plants are characterized by their huge variety ranging from fossil fuels to biomass and waste. This multitude of fuels offers opportunities to the energy industry and nowadays many power plants do not fire either of these fuels but mixtures of them are burnt. While this procedure may lead to overall economic and environmental advantages it is very demanding for the boiler operators to still meet expectations concerning boiler performance, boiler availability and emission regulations. In the course of this latest trend in boiler operation, ash related operational problems such as slagging, fouling and corrosion are ranking very high on the list of reasons leading to significant reduction of boiler availability. Ash related problems strongly dependent on fuel specific aspects, such as the mineral matter distribution in the fuel, aspects specific to the used combustion technique as well as design aspects unique for the combustion chamber of any operating power plant. The overall goal in combustion related research is therefore the prediction of potential operational problems originating from fuel streams entering the combustion chamber as well as those originating from the design of individual furnaces. In our earlier work we have strongly focused on developing an advanced ash behavior prediction tool for biomass combustion combining computational fluid dynamic calculations (CFD) and advanced fuel analysis. In this paper the tool is applied to analyze the slagging and fouling tendency in a 295 MW bubbling fluidized bed boiler fired with mixtures of peat and forest residue. In addition to the overall deposition prediction this work focuses on details of the models used in the computational fluid dynamic calculations. These include a study on the importance of the accurate description of the fuel feeding system and related to this aspect the advanced description of the bubbling bed with regard to release of primary gas and ash particles from its surface to the freeboard. Evaluation of the predictions comparing simulation results with deposits on the furnace walls show good agreement.
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Wu, Tsu-Te, Paul S. Blanton, and Glenn A. Abramczyk. "Dynamic Simulation of Shipping Package Subjected to Torque Load and Sequential Impacts." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93326.
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A numerical technique has been developed to simulate the structural responses of radioactive material packaging components requiring closure-tightening torque to the scenarios of the hypothetical accident conditions (HAC) defined in the Code of Federal Regulations Title 10 part 71 (10CFR 71). A rigorous solution to this type of problem poses a considerable mathematical challenge. Conventional methods for evaluating the residue stresses due to the torque load are either inaccurate or not applicable to dynamic analyses. In addition, the HAC events occur sequentially and the cumulative damage to the package needs to be evaluated. Commonly, individual HAC events are analyzed separately and the cumulative damage is not addressed. As a result, strict compliance of the package with the requirements specified in 10CFR 71 is usually demonstrated by physical testing. The proposed technique utilizes the combination of kinematic constraints, rigid-body motions and structural deformations to overcome some of the difficulties encountered in modeling the effect of cumulative damage in numerical solutions. The analyses demonstrating use of this technique were performed to determine the cumulative damage of torque preload, a 30-foot drop, a 30-foot dynamic crush and a 40-inch free fall onto a mild steel pipe.
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Haq, Bashirul. "A Dynamic Workflow of Well Health Issue Prediction – Sulfur Deposition." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21420-ms.
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Abstract Sour gas reservoirs are vital sources for natural gas production. Sulphur deposition in the reservoir reduces a considerable amount of gas production due to permeability reduction. Consequently, well health monitoring and early prediction of Sulphur deposition are crucial for effective gas production from a sour gas reservoir. Dynamic gas material balance analysis is a useful technique in calculating gas initially in place utilizing the flowing wellhead or bottom hole pressures and rates during the well's lifetime. The approach did not apply to monitor a producing gas's health well and detect Sulphur deposition. This work aims to (i) modify dynamic gas material balance equation by adding the Sulphur deposition term, (ii) build a model to predict and validate the issue utilizing the modified equation. A unique form of the flowing material balance is developed by including Sulphur residue term. The curve fitting tool and modified flowing gas material balance are applied to predict well-expected behaviour. The variation between expected and actual performance indicates the health issue of a well. Initial, individual components of the model are tested. Then the model is validated with the known values. The workflow is applied to active gas field and correctly detected the health issue. The novel workflow can accurately predict Sulphur evidence. Besides,the workflow can notify the production engineers to take corrective measures about the subject. Keywords: Sulfur deposition, Dynamic gas material balance analysis, Workflow
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Enestam, Sonja H., Marko K. Fabritius, Seppo K. Hulkkonen, and Jukka T. Ro¨ppa¨nen. "Control of Ash-Related Operational Problems in BFB Combustion of Biofuels and Waste." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-134.
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When moving towards CO2 neutral bio fuels and waste derived fuels, new challenges are set for combustion facilities and technical boiler solutions. A common feature for both bio- and waste fuels is a big variety in composition, often high levels of alkali metals, chlorine and moisture which make these fuels difficult to burn in facilities designed for conventional fuels such as coal, peat and wood. The problems that might occur due to high alkali and chlorine levels in the fuels, are slagging, fouling, corrosion and bed sintering. The Fortum BioMAC BFB boilers are designed especially for difficult, unconventional fuels such as rice husk, olive waste, straw, construction residue, de-inking sludge, etc. The design of each individual boiler is made based on advanced theoretical prediction tools and extensive fuel testing in laboratory and in pilot scale combustion facilities. The theoretical tools consist of a multi-phase multi-component chemical equilibrium model that estimates the slagging/fouling, sintering and corrosion propensity of the fuels/fuel mixtures and of a computational fluid dynamics part. CFD calculations are used to optimize the flow pattern and the temperature of the boiler in order to avoid hot temperatures in the vicinity of refractory linings and cooled surfaces. The chemical equilibrium calculations predict the melting behavior of the fuel ash, which is used as an indicator for the placement of the superheaters. The bottom ash removal is controlled for efficient removal of coarse material, screening and recirculation. The ash related problems of important bio and waste fuels, the analytical procedure of the evaluation of the usability of the fuels and the adaptation of the boiler design are discussed in the paper.
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Parsons, Kevin D., Timothy Kassis, and J. Brandon Dixon. "Design of an In Vitro Migration Chamber for Quantifying the Homing Patterns of Parasitic Worms." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80711.
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Lymphatic filariasis, a parasitic disease often resulting in severe lymphatic dysfunction and lymphedema, is perpetuated by an invasion of worms, delivered through mosquito bites, that reside, mature, and reproduce in the human lymphatic system. The disease cycle begins with stage 3 larvae (L3) leaving the mosquito and penetrating the dermal layer of the human while the mosquito is feeding where it eventually makes its way to a collecting lymphatic vessel where it resides for its adult life (up to 10 years) [1]. While many infected individuals will remain asymptomatic, a subset of patients will develop reconstruction of the tissue structure and the extreme swelling of the arms, legs, genitals and/or breasts. This elephantiasis occurs in over 10 million people worldwide and has a harsh negative effect on the infected individual’s ability to work and function in society.
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Ebken, J., N. Mester, R. Ramm, I. Ralle, T. Goecke, A. Horke, A. Haverich, A. Hilfiker, and S. Sarikouch. "Residual Immune Response toward Decellularized Allografts may be Highly Individual." In 52nd Annual Meeting of the German Society for Pediatric Cardiology. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1705530.
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Teixeira, Eduardo H., Samuel B. Mafra, Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues, Werner A. A. N. Da Silveira, and Ousmane Diallo. "A Review and Construction of a Real-time Facial Recognition System." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Ubíqua e Pervasiva. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcup.2020.11225.
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The evolution of surveillance technologies allows a reduction in human interaction with the process, since most of the monitoring functions performed by an individual can be replaced by detection and recognition techniques in real-time. This paper proposes the development of a surveillance system, which uses these techniques to identify individuals present within the field of view of camera. A combination of the Histogram of Oriented Gradient and Support Vector Machine techniques is applied for face detection, while a Residual Network is used during the stage of recognizing individuals. This shows the possibility of implementing this set of techniques, even in hardware with processing limitations.
Reports on the topic "Individual residue"
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Kengsakul, Malika, Gatske Nieuwenhuyzen – de Boer, and Heleen van Beekhuizen. Radiological factors associated with residual disease after cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0059.
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Review question / Objective: Which radiological factors associated with incomplete cytoreduction (gross residual disease) after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for advanced ovarian cancer? Condition being studied: Findings of CT scan and discussion in the multidisciplinary tumor board meeting (MDO) are crucial to determine the therapeutic strategy for individual ovarian cancer patients. Preferably, patients undergo primary cytoreductive surgery (CRS) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. However, when complete cytoreduction is not considered feasible, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated. In patients with advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), maximal cytoreduction to no gross residual tumor (complete cytoreduction) is known to associated with the best overall survival.
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Stiglitz, Joseph. New Theoretical Perspectives on the Distribution of Income and Wealth among Individuals: Part I. The Wealth Residual. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21189.
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Musa, Padde, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Knowledge Sharing in Organisations: Finding a Best-fit Model for a Regulatory Authority in East Africa. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317432.
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Knowledge is an essential organisational asset that contributes to organisational effectiveness when carefully managed. Knowledge sharing (KS) is a vital component of knowledge management that allows individuals to engage in new knowledge creation. Until it’s shared, knowledge is considered useless since it resides within the human brain. Public organisations specifically, are more involved in providing and developing knowledge and hence can be classified as knowledge-intensive organisations. Scholarly research conducted on KS has proposed a number of models to help understand the KS process between individuals but none of these models is specifically for a public organisation. Moreover, to really reap the benefits that KS brings to an organization, it’s imperative to apply a model that is attributable to the unique characteristics of that organisation. This study reviews literature from electronic databases that discuss models of KS between individuals. Factors that influence KS under each model were isolated and the extent of each of their influence on KS in a public organization context, were critically analysed. The result of this analysis gave rise to factors that were thought to be most critical in understanding KS process in a public sector setting. These factors were then used to develop a KS model by categorizing them into themes including organisational culture, motivation to share and opportunity to share. From these themes, a KS model was developed and proposed for KS in a medicines regulatory authority in East Africa. The project recommends that an empirical study be conducted to validate the applicability of the proposed KS model at a medicines regulatory authority in East Africa.
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Brosh, Arieh, Gordon Carstens, Kristen Johnson, Ariel Shabtay, Joshuah Miron, Yoav Aharoni, Luis Tedeschi, and Ilan Halachmi. Enhancing Sustainability of Cattle Production Systems through Discovery of Biomarkers for Feed Efficiency. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592644.bard.
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Feed inputs represent the largest variable cost of producing meat and milk from ruminant animals. Thus, strategies that improve the efficiency of feed utilization are needed to improve the global competitiveness of Israeli and U.S. cattle industries, and mitigate their environmental impact through reductions in nutrient excretions and greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of innovative technologies that will enhance genetic merit for feed efficiency is arguably one of the most cost-effective strategies to meet future demands for animal-protein foods in an environmentally sustainable manner. While considerable genetic variation in feed efficiency exist within cattle populations, the expense of measuring individual-animal feed intake has precluded implementation of selection programs that target this trait. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a trait that quantifies between-animal variation in feed intake beyond that expected to meet energy requirements for maintenance and production, with efficient animals being those that eat less than expected for a given size and level of production. There remains a critical need to understand the biological drivers for genetic variation in RFI to facilitate development of effective selection programs in the future. Therefore, the aim of this project was to determine the biological basis for phenotypic variation in RFI of growing and lactating cattle, and discover metabolic biomarkers of RFI for early and more cost-effective selection of cattle for feed efficiency. Objectives were to: (1) Characterize the phenotypic relationships between RFI and production traits (growth or lactation), (2) Quantify inter-animal variation in residual HP, (3) Determine if divergent RFIphenotypes differ in HP, residual HP, recovered energy and digestibility, and (4) Determine if divergent RFI phenotypes differ in physical activity, feeding behavior traits, serum hormones and metabolites and hepatic mitochondrial traits. The major research findings from this project to date include: In lactating dairy cattle, substantial phenotypic variation in RFI was demonstrated as cows classified as having low RMEI consumed 17% less MEI than high-RMEI cows despite having similar body size and lactation productivity. Further, between-animal variation in RMEI was found to moderately associated with differences in RHP demonstrating that maintenance energy requirements contribute to observed differences in RFI. Quantifying energetic efficiency of dairy cows using RHP revealed that substantial changes occur as week of lactation advances—thus it will be critical to measure RMEI at a standardized stage of lactation. Finally, to determine RMEI in lactating dairy cows, individual DMI and production data should be collected for a minimum of 6 wk. We demonstrated that a favorably association exists between RFI in growing heifers and efficiency of forage utilization in pregnant cows. Therefore, results indicate that female progeny from parents selected for low RFI during postweaning development will also be efficient as mature females, which has positive implications for both dairy and beef cattle industries. Results from the beef cattle studies further extend our knowledge regarding the biological drivers of phenotypic variation in RFI of growing animals, and demonstrate that significant differences in feeding behavioral patterns, digestibility and heart rate exist between animals with divergent RFI. Feeding behavior traits may be an effective biomarker trait for RFI in beef and dairy cattle. There are differences in mitochondrial acceptor control and respiratory control ratios between calves with divergent RFI suggesting that variation in mitochondrial metabolism may be visible at the genome level. Multiple genes associated with mitochondrial energy processes are altered by RFI phenotype and some of these genes are associated with mitochondrial energy expenditure and major cellular pathways involved in regulation of immune responses and energy metabolism.
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Lurie, Susan, John Labavitch, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Ken Shackel. Woolliness in Peaches and Nectarines. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570557.bard.
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The overall goal of the research was to understand the processes involved in the development of woolliness in peaches and nectarines. Four specific hypotheses were proposed and in the course of the research evidence was gathered t support two of them and to not support two others. The hypotheses and a summary of the evidence are outlined below. 1. That woolliness arises from an imbalance between the activities of the cell wall pectin degrading enzymes. Using 'Flavortop' nectarines and 'Hermoza' peaches as model systems, storage regimes were manipulated to induce or prevent woolliness. The expression (mRNA abundance), protein content (Western blotting), and activity of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin esterase (PE) were followed. Expression of the enzymes was not different, but activity and the ratio between PG and PE activities were quite different in fruits developing woolliness or ripening normally. This was also examined by looking at the substrate, the pectin moiety of the cell wall, and i woolly fruit there were more high molecular weight pectins with regions of non-methylated galacturonic acid residues. Taking an in vitro approach it was found a) that PE activity was stable at 0oC while PG activity decreased; b) incubating the calcium pectate fraction of the cell wall with PE extracted from peaches caused the polymers to form a gel characteristic of the visual woolly symptoms in peaches. 2. That continued cell wall synthesis occurs during storage and contributes to structural changes i cell walls and improper dissolution and softening after storage. We tried to adapt our technique of adding 13C-glucose to fruit discs, which was used successfully to follow cell wall synthesis during tomato ripening. However, the difference in sugar content between the two fruits (4% in tomato and 12% in peach) meant that the 13C-glucose was much more diluted within the general metabolite pool. We were unable to see any cell wall synthesis which meant that either the dilution factor was too great, or that synthesis was not occurring. 3. That controlled atmosphere (CA) prevents woolliness by lowering all enzyme activities. CA was found to greatly reduce mRNA abundance of the cell wall enzymes compared to regular air storage. However, their synthesis and activity recovered during ripening after CA storage and did not after regular air storage. Therefore, CA prevented the inhibition of enzyme activation found in regular air storage. 4. That changes in cell wall turgor and membrane function are important events in the development of woolliness. Using a micro pressure probe, turgor was measured in cells of individual 'O'Henry' and 'CalRed' peaches which were woolly or healthy. The relationship between firmness and turgor was the same in both fruit conditions. These data indicate that the development and expression of woolliness are not associated with differences in membrane function, at least with regard to the factors that determine cell turgor pressure. In addition, during the period of the grant additional areas were explored. Encoglucanase, and enzyme metabolizing hemicellulose, was found to be highly expressed air stored, but not in unstored or CA stored fruit. Activity gels showed higher activity in air stored fruit as well. This is the first indication that other components of the cell wall may be involved in woolliness. The role of ethylene in woolliness development was also investigated at it was found a) that woolly fruits had decreased ability to produce ethylene, b) storing fruits in the presence of ethylene delayed the appearance of woolliness. This latter finding has implication for an inexpensive strategy for storing peaches and nectarines.
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Reproductive intentions and choices among HIV-infected individuals in Cape Town, South Africa: Lessons for reproductive policy and service provision from a qualitative study. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1002.
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While many HIV-infected individuals do not wish to have children, others want children despite their infected status. The desire and intent to have children among HIV-infected individuals may increase because of improved quality of life and survival following commencement of antiretroviral treatment. In developing countries such as South Africa, where the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide reside, specific government reproductive health policy and service provision for HIV-infected individuals is underdeveloped. This policy brief presents findings from a qualitative study that explored HIV-infected individuals’ reproductive intentions, decision-making, and need for reproductive health services. The study also assessed the opinions of health-service providers, policymakers, and influential figures within nongovernmental organizations who are likely to play important roles in the shaping and delivery of reproductive health services. Conducted at two health centers in the Cape Town metropolitan area in South Africa from May 2004 to January 2005, the study focused on issues that impact reproductive choice and decision-making and identified critical policy, health service, and research-related matters to be addressed.