Journal articles: 'Individual Prospective'

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Cherry, Katie E., and Denny C. LeCompte. "Age and individual differences influence prospective memory." Psychology and Aging 14, no. 1 (1999): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.14.1.60.

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Bisson, Nicolas, and Simon Grondin. "A New Perspective on the Relationships between Individual Factors and Time Estimates." Timing & Time Perception 8, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-20191160.

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Despite its abundant literature, the timing research field does not offer any comparison of prospective and retrospective time estimates emerging from a within-subjects design. Likewise, the relationships between these estimates and individual factors, within such a design, have never been investigated. The present study addresses these issues. Ninety-two participants retrospectively and prospectively estimated the duration of an Internet surfing task and completed several questionnaires (e.g., personality). Results showed that (a) prospective time estimates were longer than retrospective ones for only 58% of the participants and (b) the relationships between individual factors and time estimates differed as a function of the fact that a participant had or not a longer prospective time estimate. The discussion explains the methodological, theoretical and practical impacts emerging from this new method for studying the relationships between individual factors and time estimates in daily life-like situations.

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Smith, Rebekah E., Deborah Persyn, and Patrick Butler. "Prospective Memory, Personality, and Working Memory." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 219, no. 2 (January 2011): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000055.

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Prospective memory (PM) involves remembering to perform an action in the future. The current study applies a multinomial model to investigate the contribution of individual differences in personality, as well as individual differences in working memory (WM) span, to performance in an event-based PM task. The model includes a parameter P that measures the prospective component, or remembering that something is to be done. The model also includes a parameter M that measures the ability to discriminate between target and non-target events, part of the retrospective component of PM tasks. The model has been applied to investigate the effects of WM variability in just one prior study, but has not been used in previous investigations of personality and PM. WM span and the personality dimension of conscientiousness showed differences between the higher and lower groups in PM performance. Modeling results showed that individuals higher in conscientiousness had higher estimate of M relative to individuals lower on the conscientiousness dimension. Conscientiousness did not affect the P parameter. In contrast, individuals with higher WM span scores had higher estimates of P relative to individuals with lower span scores, but the two WM groups did not differ in terms of parameter M.

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Güryay, Berna. "Individual Variables, Attitudes towards English and Being a Teacher: A study on Prospective Teachers." International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2016.02.002.

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Ball, B. Hunter, Justin B. Knight, Michael R. Dewitt, and Gene A. Brewer. "Individual Differences in the Delayed Execution of Prospective Memories." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 66, no. 12 (December 2013): 2411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2013.785576.

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Zuber, Sascha, Matthias Kliegel, and Andreas Ihle. "An individual difference perspective on focal versus nonfocal prospective memory." Memory & Cognition 44, no. 8 (June 28, 2016): 1192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-016-0628-5.

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Rozenova, Marina I. "INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SOURCES OF LIFE EXPECTANCY: CURRENT AND PROSPECTIVE STUDIES." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Psychology), no. 4 (2019): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-7235-2019-4-71-90.

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Malchaire, J. "Evaluation of the individual risk of hearing loss: prospective study." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 59, no. 4 (May 1987): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00405279.

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Suga, H., Y. Yasumura, T. Nozawa, S. Futaki, Y. Igarashi, and Y. Goto. "Prospective prediction of O2 consumption from pressure-volume area in dog hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 252, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): H1258—H1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.252.6.h1258.

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Systolic pressure-volume area (PVA) is the area circumscribed by the end-systolic pressure-volume (PV) line, the end-diastolic PV curve, and the systolic PV trajectory of the ventricle. PVA represents the total mechanical energy generated by ventricular contraction. Myocardial O2 consumption (VO2) linearly correlates with PVA under different pre- and afterloads in the dog left ventricle. The linear VO2-PVA relation parallel shifts with changes in contractility index Emax. We have retrospectively obtained VO2 = A X PVA + B . Emax + C, where A, B, and C are regression coefficients. We used this equation to prospectively predict VO2 from measured PVA and Emax in a new group of dog left ventricles. Coefficient of determination (CD) of measured VO2 from predicted VO2 was 0.86 +/- 0.09 (SD) in individual hearts, but decreased to 0.72 when data of the five hearts were pooled. These prospective CDs in individual hearts and all hearts were smaller than retrospective CDs in the individual hearts (0.90 +/- 0.06). Inter-individual variations of A,B, and C caused the lower prospective predictability.

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Grundgeiger, Tobias, Penelope M. Sanderson, and R. Key Dismukes. "Prospective Memory in Complex Sociotechnical Systems." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 222, no. 2 (January 2014): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000171.

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An important cognitive function is the ability to remember to execute future tasks, a capability known as prospective memory (PM). Workers in complex sociotechnical systems such as healthcare and aviation face many PM challenges and forgetting tasks can have severe consequences. Although researchers have made progress in understanding how individuals remember future tasks, system-level support for PM has seldom been addressed. In the present paper, we briefly review PM research in healthcare and aviation, focusing on naturalistic studies using expert workers, and we present the concept of distributed prospective memory, which incorporates the interaction between the environment and the individual when future tasks must be remembered. PM in sociotechnical settings is a complex process involving human and nonhuman agents. Therefore, a systems approach is needed to fully understand PM processes, thus supporting workers and eventually minimizing errors and increasing safety.

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Araiza, Ashley M., Antonio L. Freitas, and Daniel N. Klein. "Social-Experience and Temperamental Predictors of Rejection Sensitivity: A Prospective Study." Social Psychological and Personality Science 11, no. 6 (October 24, 2019): 733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550619878422.

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Rejection sensitivity (RS) is the tendency for individuals to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and overreact to interpersonal rejection. Existing theory presumes that early experiences of rejection cause RS, although few studies have assessed this prospectively. Also relatively unstudied are individual differences in temperament that may contribute to RS. In a longitudinal study, we examined whether early social experiences and individual differences in temperament predict RS assessed subsequently. Results showed that positive early social experiences (ages 6 and 9 parents’ relationship quality and age 9 peer support) negatively predicted RS at age 12 and that negative affect (ages 6 and 9) positively predicted age-12 RS. These findings may have important implications for RS-reduction efforts and for understanding the many domain-specific manifestations of RS.

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Tung, Elaine. "Lifeskills for Prospective Teachers." Journal of Invitational Theory and Practice 8 (February 24, 2022): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/jitp.v8i.3831.

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The author presents an international perspective on life skillseducation arguing the development of a healthy self-conceptand skills in self-reflection are necessary for living in a worldof rapid change. In an era of accelerating change we need to be more aware ofthe impact of change on our environment, personal life, and therelationships among individuals, organizations and families (Leider,1994). Life skills offer self-empowerment in relating to selfand others while providing coping strategies for understanding thepast, managing the present, and creating the future. It is essentialfor a person to acquire life skills and take charge of one's own life(Nelson-Jones, 1995; Hopson and Scally, 1981; Leider, 1994;Corey, 1995; and Eagan, 1998). This paper defines what life skillsare, why life skill education is important, and how invitational theorycan provide a strong foundation for life skill curricula. A specialemphasis is placed on teachers in Hong Kong that represents arapid changing society mingled with the cultures of the East andthe West. The paper also describes how the life skills programmeis implemented in the Hong Kong Institute of Education (the largestteacher education institute in Hong Kong) so that prospectiveteachers can equip themselves with the basic psychosocial competenceskills. It is anticipated that this Life Skills Model could beshared among counterparts who believe in positive human values,inviting and affective education, and the holistic development ofan individual in the new millennium.

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Umeda, Satoshi, Saiko Tochizawa, Midori Shibata, and Yuri Terasawa. "Prospective memory mediated by interoceptive accuracy: a psychophysiological approach." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1708 (November 19, 2016): 20160005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0005.

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Previous studies on prospective memory (PM), defined as memory for future intentions, suggest that psychological stress enhances successful PM retrieval. However, the mechanisms underlying this notion remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that PM retrieval is achieved through interaction with autonomic nervous activity, which is mediated by the individual accuracy of interoceptive awareness, as measured by the heartbeat detection task. In this study, the relationship between cardiac reactivity and retrieval of delayed intentions was evaluated using the event-based PM task. Participants were required to detect PM target letters while engaged in an ongoing 2-back working memory task. The results demonstrated that individuals with higher PM task performance had a greater increase in heart rate on PM target presentation. Also, higher interoceptive perceivers showed better PM task performance. This pattern was not observed for working memory task performance. These findings suggest that cardiac afferent signals enhance PM retrieval, which is mediated by individual levels of interoceptive accuracy. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health’.

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Lensch, Taylor, Kristen Clements-Nolle, Roy F. Oman, Minggen Lu, and Amanda Dominguez. "Prospective impact of individual, family and community youth assets on adolescent suicide ideation." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 3 (November 23, 2018): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-210107.

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BackgroundStudies have found that youth assets have a protective influence on many risk behaviours. However, the relationship between youth assets and adolescent suicide ideation is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if youth assets were prospectively associated with suicide ideation.MethodsFour waves of data were collected from 1111 youth and their parents living in randomly sampled census tracts that were stratified by income and race/ethnicity using census data. Computer-assisted, in-person data collection methods were used to measure assets at the individual (6 assets), family (4 assets) and community (6 assets) levels. Generalised linear mixed models were used to prospectively assess the relationship between the number of individual-level, family-level and community-level assets and suicide ideation, while controlling for known confounders.ResultsAbout half of the sample was female (53%). Participants were racially/ethnically diverse (white (41%), Hispanic (29%) and black (24%)). Eleven of the 16 assets were associated with reduced odds of suicide ideation. In addition, there was a graded relationship between the number of assets at each level (individual, family and community) and the odds of suicide ideation. For example, compared with youth with 0–2 family assets, those with 3 (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.90) or 4 (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.51) family assets had lower odds of suicide ideation.ConclusionsThis prospective analysis showed a protective relationship between youth assets and suicide ideation, with the greatest protection among youth with the most assets. Interventions designed to build youth assets may be a useful strategy for reducing adolescent suicide ideation.

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Gibbons, Henning, and Jutta Stahl. "ERP predictors of individual performance on a prospective temporal reproduction task." Psychological Research 72, no. 3 (December 13, 2006): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-006-0105-z.

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Reade, Michael C., Anthony Delaney, Michael J. Bailey, David A. Harrison, Donald M. Yealy, Peter G. Jones, Kathryn M. Rowan, Rinaldo Bellomo, and Derek C. Angus. "Prospective meta-analysis using individual patient data in intensive care medicine." Intensive Care Medicine 36, no. 1 (September 18, 2009): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-009-1650-x.

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Makuch, Robert W., Zhongxin Zhang, Peter A. Charpentier, and Sharon K. Inouye. "Prospective individual matching: covariate balance and power in a comparative study." Statistics in Medicine 17, no. 13 (July 15, 1998): 1517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19980715)17:13<1517::aid-sim859>3.0.co;2-0.

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Simon, Martin A. "Prospective Elementary Teachers' Knowledge of Division." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 24, no. 3 (May 1993): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.24.3.0233.

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Prospective teachers' knowledge of division was investigated through an open-response written instrument and through individual interviews. Problems were designed to focus on two aspects of understanding division: connectedness within and between procedural and conceptual knowledge and knowledge of units. Results indicated that the prospective teachers' conceptual knowledge was weak in a number of areas including the conceptual underpinnings of familiar algorithms, the relationship between partitive and quotitive division, the relationship between symbolic division and real-world problems, and identification of the units of quantities encountered in division computations. The research also characterized aspects of individual conceptual differences. The research results suggest conceptual areas of emphasis for the mathematical preparation of elementary teachers.

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Pal, Chhatra. "Prospective Development in Co-Operative Finance." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): 08–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i07.002.

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A number of issues of policy are emerging in co-operative development in India. One of these is the problem arising out of the concept of the crop loan and its definition and implementation. It should be noted that the crop loan emerged as a device which take co-operative credit a step beyond the stage which it had reached previously. At the earlier stage, whether explicitly related to the value of owned land or not, the credit of a cultivator depended largely on his real assets and the loan was made for a twelve-month period and was renewable. There was no explicit linking of the loan or its size to the purpose of utilisation; also fairly severe limits on loans to individuals and to societies as a whole were laid down. The result, almost universally, was that in no case could the credit extended by co-operative societies to an individual member serve his needs fully. The co-operative credit system could not, in the circumstances, hope to replace, even theoretically, the moneylender-trader system.

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Sviridyuk, V. "Methodological prerequisites for intercultural communicative competence development of prospective teachers during individual work." Vìsnik KNLU. Serìâ “Psihologìâ ta pedagogìka” / Visnyk KNLU. Series "Pedagogy and Psychology" 35 (January 13, 2022): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2412-9283.35.2021.251143.

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Abstract. Introduction. The article provides an overview of scientific works devoted to the preparation ofprospective teachers of the German language in the process of their individual work. The works of linguodidactistsare analyzed, as well as their scientific contribution to the development and formation of prospective foreignlanguage teachers' intercultural communicative competence. The article presents the scientific works of Ukrainianmethodologists and linguodidactists and demonstrates the current state of the research that concerns the problemof intercultural communicative competence development of the prospective German language teachers inthe process of their individual work. Purpose. Consideration of existing scientific works that touch upon theintercultural competence of prospective German language teachers' development in the process of individualwork. Methods. Analyzed the work ofscientists on each aspect of the topic under study. The analysis of these worksmade it possible to assess the level of elaboration of the issue. Reviewing the scientific papers, dissertationsand articles to determine the importance of our scientific research. There are presented publications that revealthe specifics of teaching undergraduate students in the process of individual work. The necessity of scientificresearch for the intercultural competence of prospective German language teachers' development in theprocess of individual work is determined. Conclusions. The educational and methodological support of theeducational process of undergraduate students majoring in Philology is considered. The relevance of the developmentof a scientific approach to highlighting the specifics of training future teachers of the German language duringtheir individual work is indicated. The absence of scientific and theoretical substantiations was revealed in orderto develop prospective German language teachers' intercultural communicative competence in the process ofindividual work.

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de Geus, Bas, Bart Degraeuwe, Grégory Vandenbulcke, Luc Int Panis, Isabelle Thomas, Joris Aertsens, Yves De Weerdt, Rudi Torfs, and Romain Meeusen. "Utilitarian Cycling in Belgium: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of Regular Cyclists." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, no. 5 (July 2014): 884–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0200.

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Background:For an accurate estimation of health benefits and hazards of utilitarian cycling, a prospective collection of bicycle usage data (exposure) is fundamental. Individual and environmental correlates are necessary to guide health promotion and traffic safety issues. Firstly, this study aims to report on utilitarian bicycle usage in Belgium, using a prospective data collection in regular adult commuter cyclists. Secondly, the association is explored between the individual variation in bicycle usage and individual and environmental correlates.Methods:1187 regular adult cyclists filled out travel diaries prospectively. Multivariate linear regression with Stepwise selection (SMLR) models studied the association between exposure and individual and environmental correlates.Results:Higher age and availability of cycle paths have a positive association with bicycle usage to work. Women cycle significant less compared with men, and so do cyclists with ‘poor’ or ‘average’ health. Living in an urban crown (opposed to city center) and living in Flanders (opposed to Brussels or Wallonia) is associated with significantly more cycling.Conclusions:Utilitarian cycling is related to regional differences, level of urbanization of the place of residence, availability of bicycle paths, and gender. These findings are useful in estimating health benefits and hazards of utilitarian cycling among regular Belgian cyclists.

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Voorhoeve, Alex. "Equality for Prospective People: A Novel Statement and Defence." Utilitas 33, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 304–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820821000017.

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AbstractA possible person's conditional expected well-being is what the quality of their prospects would be if they were to come into existence. This article examines the role that this form of expected well-being should play in distributing benefits among prospective people and in deciding whom to bring into existence. It argues for a novel egalitarian view on which it is important to ensure equality in people's life prospects, not merely between actual individuals, but also between all individuals who, given our choices, have a chance of coming into existence. The article argues that such egalitarianism for prospective people springs from equal concern for each prospective person and has plausible implications. It further shows that it has a rationale in respect for both the unity of the individual and the separateness of persons. Finally, it defends this view against a key objection and shows it is superior to a rival view.

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Beskow, Laura M., and Sondra J. Smolek. "Prospective Biorepository Participants' Perspectives on Access to Research Results." Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 4, no. 3 (September 2009): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jer.2009.4.3.99.

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Disclosure of individual research results to research participants has been the subject of professional guidelines as well as scholarly commentary, yet controversy remains. To gather data on participant perspectives, we interviewed 40 individuals from the Durham, North Carolina area about a biorepository consent form and conducted an in-depth analysis of responses to a series of questions concerning access to research results. Cross-cutting themes emerged about (1) the nature of research; (2) the nature of research results; (3) expectations concerning access to research results; and (4) practical issues in providing access to research results. Our findings highlight the importance for sound policy development of soliciting stakeholder input, and exploring the complexities behind their evaluations.

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Schikhof, Silvia. "Direct and Individual Concern in Environmental Cases: The Barriers to Prospective Litigants." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 7, Issue 10 (October 1, 1998): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1998044.

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After the judgment in Stichting Greenpeace Council and Others v Commission (Case C-321/95 P, ECJ, 2 April 1998), the doors to the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance seem barred to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) seeking to protect environmental interests through an action under Article 173(4) of the EC Treaty. Individuals wishing to have a decision annulled in order to protect their environmental interests seem to be in the same position and will also have extreme difficulty proving "direct and individual concern", as laid down in Plaumann (Case C-25/62 [1963] ECR 95). It is argued below that such a strict approach is not only detrimental to the protection of environmental interests, but also inconsistent with developments concerning access to justice on the national leveh Moreover, it seems at odds with European environmental policy itself Some possible alternatives, which may help remedy this regrettable situation, are set out.

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Savkin, Mikhail N., and Sergey M. Shinkarev. "Prospective use of individual emergency monitoring of the public lessons from Chernobyl." International Journal of Emergency Management 4, no. 3 (2007): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijem.2007.014294.

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Illner, Anne-Kathrin, Ute Nöthlings, Karen Wagner, Heather Ward, and Heiner Boeing. "The Assessment of Individual Usual Food Intake in Large-Scale Prospective Studies." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 56, no. 2 (2010): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000277667.

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Charpentier, Peter A., Sidney T. Bogardus, and Sharon K. Inouye. "An algorithm for prospective individual matching in a non-randomized clinical trial." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 54, no. 11 (November 2001): 1166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00399-7.

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Burt, Susan, James A. Deddens, Ken Crombie, Yan Jin, Steve Wurzelbacher, and Jessica Ramsey. "A prospective study of carpal tunnel syndrome: workplace and individual risk factors." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 70, no. 8 (June 20, 2013): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2012-101287.

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Hunter Ball, B., Margarida Pitães, and Gene A. Brewer. "Individual differences in episodic memory abilities predict successful prospective memory output monitoring." Memory 26, no. 8 (February 7, 2018): 1159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2018.1436180.

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Borkum, Dana B., Frances R. Frankenburg, Garrett M. Fitzmaurice, Argyro Athanasiadi, Christina M. Temes, Bradford Reich, and Mary C. Zanarini. "Predictors of Slower Time-to-Cessation of Individual Therapy for Borderline Patients Over 16 Years of Prospective Follow-Up." Journal of Personality Disorders 33, no. 1 (February 2019): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2018_32_335.

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The current study assesses time-to-cessation of individual therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and comparison subjects with other personality disorders (OPD) after 16 years of prospective follow-up. It also details the multivariate factors that predict this outcome for those with BPD. At baseline, 290 patients met criteria for BPD and 72 met criteria for OPD. Individuals with BPD had a significantly slower time-to-cessation of individual therapy than OPD comparison subjects. Seven baseline variables were found to be significant multivariate predictors of a slower time-to-cessation of individual therapy: older age, being white, severity of childhood neglect, history of a mood disorder, an IQ less than 90, poor vocational record prior to index admission, and higher level of trait neuroticism. The results of this study suggest that prediction of slower time-to-cessation of individual therapy is multifactorial in nature, involving factors related to demographics, childhood adversity, comorbidity, individual competence, and temperament.

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Hua, Jing, Jinyan Fan, Alan Walker, Ning Hou, Lu Zheng, and Jason Debode. "Examinations of the Role of Individual Adaptability in Cross-Cultural Adjustment." Journal of Career Assessment 27, no. 3 (March 21, 2018): 490–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072718765193.

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We present the results of two studies utilizing the novel theoretical perspective of individual adaptability (I-ADAPT) theory in the study of cross-cultural adjustment. Study 1, implementing a two-wave prospective design and involving 156 international students, examined the relationships between I-ADAPT and cultural identification on cross-cultural adjustment. We found that I-ADAPT positively related to cross-cultural adjustment and that cultural identification mediated this relationship. Study 2, using a three-wave prospective design and involving 312 international students, extended Study 1 by including openness to experience as a control variable and perceived stress as an additional mediator. We confirmed the mediating roles of cultural identification and perceived stress between I-ADAPT and cross-cultural adjustment. Our results offer support for future research utilizing I-ADAPT theory in the study of international adjustment.

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Hardin, Kathryn Y. "Prospective Exploration of Cognitive-Communication Changes With Woodcock–Johnson IV Before and After Sport-Related Concussion." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 30, no. 2S (April 16, 2021): 894–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00110.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in cognitive-communication performance using Woodcock–Johnson IV Tests (WJIV) from pre-injury baseline to post sport-related concussion. It was hypothesized that individual subtest performances would decrease postinjury in symptomatic individuals. Method This prospective longitudinal observational nested cohort study of collegiate athletes assessed cognitive-communicative performance at preseason baseline and postinjury. Three hundred and forty-two male and female undergraduates at high risk for sport-related concussion participated in preseason assessments, and 18 individuals met criteria post injury. WJIV subtest domains included Word Finding, Speeded Reading Comprehension, Auditory Comprehension, Verbal Working Memory, Story Retell, and Visual Processing (letter and number). The power calculation was not met, and therefore data were conservatively analyzed with descriptive statistics and a planned subgroup analysis based on symptomatology. Results Individual changes from baseline to postinjury were evaluated using differences in standard score performance. For symptomatic individuals, mean negative decreases in performance were found for Retrieval Fluency, Sentence Reading Fluency, Pattern Matchings, and all cluster scores postinjury. Individual performance declines also included decreases in story retell, verbal working memory, and visual processing. Conclusions This study identified within-subject WJIV performance decline in communication domains post sport-related concussion and reinforces that cognitive-communication dysfunction should be considered in mild traumatic brain injury. Key cognitive-communication areas included speeded naming, reading, and verbal memory, though oral comprehension was not sensitive to change. Future clinical research across diverse populations is needed to expand these preliminary findings.

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Rothen, Nicolas, and Beat Meier. "Spontaneous retrieval reveals right-ear advantage in prospective memory." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 4 (January 1, 2018): 940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1307867.

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The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of individual costs on prospective memory performance. Individual costs were assessed by contrasting participants with high costs and those with low costs. Specifically, we tested whether prospective memory performance is moderated by costs, cue-focality and intention specificity. Participants performed a dichotic listening paradigm where they had to indicate whether a word presented to one ear was abstract or concrete while ignoring the word presented to the other ear. For the prospective memory task, participants had to detect target items; half of them were presented focally to the same ear as the relevant words for the ongoing task and half of them were presented non-focally to the other ear. Moreover, half of the participants were given specific instructions and the other half were given categorical instructions. The results revealed a right-ear advantage for participants with low costs but not for participants with high costs. Moreover, the absence of costs was not necessarily accompanied by worse prospective memory performance. Given differential results under the same task conditions, we conclude that individual costs are an important factor which should be considered when investigating prospective memory processes.

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Olsen, Asmus Leth, Frederik Hjorth, Nikolaj Harmon, and Sebastian Barfort. "Behavioral Dishonesty in the Public Sector." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 29, no. 4 (October 8, 2018): 572–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muy058.

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Abstract We investigate the usefulness of the dice game paradigm to public administration as a standardized way of measuring (dis)honesty among individuals, groups, and societies. Measures of dishonesty are key for the field’s progress in understanding individual, organizational, and societal differences in unethical behavior and corruption. We first describe the dice game paradigm and its advantages and then discuss a range of considerations for how to implement it. Next, we highlight the potential of the dice game paradigm across two diverse studies: prospective public employees in Denmark (n = 441) and prospective public employees in 10 different countries with very different levels of corruption (n = 1,091). In the first study, we show how individual-level behavioral dishonesty is very strongly negatively correlated with public service motivation. In the second study, we find that widely used country-level indicators of corruption are strongly correlated with the average behavioral dishonesty among prospective public employees. The results illustrate the importance of the validated dice game paradigm to shed light on core questions that link micro- and macro-level dynamics of dishonesty and corruption in the public sector.

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Nadeau, Richard, Richard G. Niemi, and Timothy Amato. "Prospective and Comparative or Retrospective and Individual? Party Leaders and Party Support in Great Britain." British Journal of Political Science 26, no. 2 (April 1996): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400000442.

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We argue that voters' assessments of party leaders are comparative and prospective rather than individual and retrospective. Therefore, a prospective leadership-comparison evaluation should outperform a leader-approval, retrospective indicator as a determinant of government and party popularity. Using data from 1984–92, a popularity function that includes a variety of economic and political components, and several dependent variables, we test this hypothesis by comparing the performance of a ‘best prime minister’ question and the more usual ‘approval’ questions about party leaders. We find that the former gives consistently better results than the latter.

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Kinay, Ismail, and Sedef Suer. "Investigation of Relationship between Prospective Teachers’ Learning Beliefs and State of Individual Innovativeness." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 15, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 604–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v15i3.4642.

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Individual Innovativeness is one of the most appreciated attributes of 21st century skills needed in every field of daily life. Because of this appreciation, a lot of effort has been spent toward prompting individual innovativeness levels of both students and teachers in a teaching and learning environment via innovative practices. So this study aims to examine the relationship between prospective teachers' learning beliefs and their individual innovativeness state. The correlational survey method was used in this study and the sample of the study is comprised of 515 prospective teachers. The data of the study was collected via “Belief Scale toward Learning” developed by Bay et al. (2012) and “Individual Innovativeness Scale” developed by Hurt, Joseph, and Cook (1977) and adapted to Turkish by Kılıçer and Odabaşı (2010). The data of this study were analyzed with the help of the SPSS package program. Test of normality, descriptive statistics, correlational analysis and partial linear regression analysis techniques were used to analyze the data obtained. The results of the analysis showed that prospective teachers have a high level of constructivist and a moderate level of traditional learning beliefs while their individual innovativeness state was determined to be in the category of interrogators. Besides, prospective teachers' beliefs in constructivist learning were determined to be a significant predictor of their individual innovativeness state. Write an abstract of 100-150 words, giving a brief account of the most relevant aspects of the paper. It should address all of the following elements: Purpose of the article, methods, results, conclusions, and recommendations/future directions (as applicable). Avoid cited, abbreviations and formulae where possible. Write an abstract of 100-150 words, giving a brief account of the most relevant aspects of the paper. It should address all of the following elements: Purpose of the article, methods, results, conclusions, and recommendations/future directions (as applicable). Avoid cited, abbreviations and formulae where possible. Write an abstract of 100-150 words, giving a brief account of the most relevant aspects of the paper. It should address all of the following elements: Purpose of the article, methods, results, conclusions, and recommendations/future directions (as applicable). Avoid cited, abbreviations and formulae where possible.

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O'Kane, Michael, and Nicholas Querée. "Has individual criminal liability in Ireland and the UK discourage prospective leniency applicants?" Competition Law & Policy Debate 1, no. 4 (November 2015): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/clpd.2015.04.08.

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Van Benthem, Kathleen D., Chris M. Herdman, Rani G. Tolton, and Jo-Anne LeFevre. "Prospective Memory Failures in Aviation: Effects of Cue Salience, Workload, and Individual Differences." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 86, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.3428.2015.

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Rasmussen, Ole, Annika Yding, Finn Lauszus, Charlotte Andersen, Jacob Anhøj, and Jane Boris. "Importance of Individual Elements for Perineal Protection in Childbirth: An Interventional, Prospective Trial." American Journal of Perinatology Reports 08, no. 04 (October 2018): e289-e294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675352.

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Objective To analyze the association between each element of a hands-on intervention in childbirth and the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS). Study Design We conducted a prospective, interventional quality improvement project and implemented a care bundle with five elements at an obstetric department in Denmark with 3,000 deliveries annually. We aimed at reducing the incidence of OASIS. In the preintervention period, 355 vaginally delivering nulliparous women were included. Similarly, 1,622 nulliparous women were included in the intervention period. The association of each element with the outcome was estimated using a regression analysis. Results The incidence of OASIS went down from 7.0 to 3.4% among nulliparous women delivering vaginally (p = 0.003; relative risk = 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30–0.76). Number needed to treat was 28. Logistic regression analysis showed that using hand on the head of the child significantly reduced the risk of OASIS (odds ratio = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.14–0.58). Conclusion Using a quality improvement framework, we documented the individual elements of the intervention. Hand on the infant's head reduced the risk of OASIS.

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Uttl, Bob, Carmela A. White, Kelsey Cnudde, and Laura M. Grant. "Prospective memory, retrospective memory, and individual differences in cognitive abilities, personality, and psychopathology." PLOS ONE 13, no. 3 (March 27, 2018): e0193806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193806.

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Climie, Rachel, Pierre Boutouyrie, Marie-Cecile Perier, Catherine Guibout, Thomas van Slotten, Frederique Thomas, Nicolas Danchin, et al. "1.6 Individual and Neighborhood Deprivation and Carotid Stiffness: The Paris Prospective III Study." Artery Research 25, Supplement 1 (2020): S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/artres.k.191224.005.

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Verhoeven, E. W. M., F. W. Kraaimaat, E. M. G. J. de Jong, J. Schalkwijk, P. C. M. van de Kerkhof, and A. W. M. Evers. "Individual differences in the effect of daily stressors on psoriasis: a prospective study." British Journal of Dermatology 161, no. 2 (August 2009): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09194.x.

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Balducci, Cristian, Lorenzo Avanzi, and Franco Fraccaroli. "The Individual “Costs” of Workaholism: An Analysis Based on Multisource and Prospective Data." Journal of Management 44, no. 7 (July 21, 2016): 2961–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206316658348.

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We conducted two studies on workaholism to address three identified gaps in the literature, namely, the job-related affective experiences of workaholics, the relationship between workaholism and job demands, and the long-term mental health effects of workaholism. We also examined gender as a moderator of the relationship between workaholism and its outcomes. In Study 1 (N = 311), focused on a heterogeneous sample of workers, we found that workaholism was positively related to the experience of observer-reported, as well as self-reported, job-related negative affect and that this relationship was stronger among female workers. Furthermore, in a subsample of participants (n = 189) for whom we had available blood pressure data, we found that workaholism was positively related to systolic blood pressure. In Study 2 (N = 235), based on a sample of health-sector employees in which we adopted a full, two-wave panel design including workaholism, job demands, and mental distress, we found that the baseline levels of job demands impacted the follow-up levels of workaholism, while the reverse was not the case. We also found that the baseline levels of workaholism positively affected the levels of mental distress reported after 1 year. These results add to the existing literature on the job-related affective correlates and psychophysical costs of workaholism and shed further light on work environmental factors that may contribute to its genesis.

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Hounkpatin, Hilda Osafo, Christopher J. Boyce, Graham Dunn, and Alex M. Wood. "Modeling bivariate change in individual differences: Prospective associations between personality and life satisfaction." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 115, no. 6 (December 2018): e12-e29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000161.

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UNE, Yuko, Masaru TAKAHASHI, Takashi UEDA, Kaori MIYAWAKI, and Takehiko NISHIMOTO. "Retrieval experience in prospective memory and the individual difference in working memory capacity." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 74 (September 20, 2010): 3PM055. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.74.0_3pm055.

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Allen, Naomi E., Ruth C. Travis, Paul N. Appleby, Demetrius Albanes, Matt J. Barnett, Amanda Black, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, et al. "Selenium and Prostate Cancer: Analysis of Individual Participant Data From Fifteen Prospective Studies." Journal of the National Cancer Institute 108, no. 11 (July 6, 2016): djw153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djw153.

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Rachamalla, Dr Sana Ali, and Dr Anjali Hans. "Perception of Values in Prospective Teachers." YMER Digital 21, no. 02 (February 25, 2022): 552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.02/54.

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Prospective teachers are those teachers who are looking towards the future. Prospective teachers are to be competent in the profession and losing belief in the profession. Prospective teachers are able to incorporate in their teaching cross-circular dimensions and themes, including environmental education. There is constant change in the society in respect to values, norms, ideals as well as attitudes of the individual which make the society more complex and integrated. Values are important because every human action is the reflection of an individual value and every human institution is the outgrowth of social values. Generally speaking, values are the norms of behavior which have been evolved during the course of time in the social, moral and spiritual fields. Values are conscious and unconscious preferences, accepted by the majority of members of the socially regulated. The purpose of this study was to explore the level of perception of values of prospective teachers of colleges of education and find out the differences, if any, in terms of gender, locality of colleges and nature of colleges in their perception of values. A sample of 40 prospective teachers was collected from different colleges located in rural and urban areas of Mohali District of Punjab state. The t-test and ANOVA test were used for analyzing the data. The prospective teachers of town are better in neighbourly values than the prospective teachers of village. The prospective teachers of village are better in perception of social values than the prospective teachers of town.

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Chapman, Robert F., James Stray-Gundersen, and Benjamin D. Levine. "Individual variation in response to altitude training." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 1448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.4.1448.

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Moderate-altitude living (2,500 m), combined with low-altitude training (1,250 m) (i.e., live high-train low), results in a significantly greater improvement in maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max) and performance over equivalent sea-level training. Although the mean improvement in group response with this “high-low” training model is clear, the individual response displays a wide variability. To determine the factors that contribute to this variability, 39 collegiate runners (27 men, 12 women) were retrospectively divided into responders ( n = 17) and nonresponders ( n = 15) to altitude training on the basis of the change in sea-level 5,000-m run time determined before and after 28 days of living at moderate altitude and training at either low or moderate altitude. In addition, 22 elite runners were examined prospectively to confirm the significance of these factors in a separate population. In the retrospective analysis, responders displayed a significantly larger increase in erythropoietin (Epo) concentration after 30 h at altitude compared with nonresponders. After 14 days at altitude, Epo was still elevated in responders but was not significantly different from sea-level values in nonresponders. The Epo response led to a significant increase in total red cell volume andV˙o 2 max in responders; in contrast, nonresponders did not show a difference in total red cell volume or V˙o 2 maxafter altitude training. Nonresponders demonstrated a significant slowing of interval-training velocity at altitude and thus achieved a smaller O2 consumption during those intervals, compared with responders. The acute increases in Epo and V˙o 2 maxwere significantly higher in the prospective cohort of responders, compared with nonresponders, to altitude training. In conclusion, after a 28-day altitude training camp, a significant improvement in 5,000-m run performance is, in part, dependent on 1) living at a high enough altitude to achieve a large acute increase in Epo, sufficient to increase the total red cell volume andV˙o 2 max, and 2) training at a low enough altitude to maintain interval training velocity and O2 flux near sea-level values.

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Soofi, Moslem, Ali Akbari Sari, Satar Rezaei, Mohammad Hajizadeh, and Farid Najafi. "Individual time preferences and obesity." International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2019-0271.

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Purpose Behavioral economic analysis of health-related behavior is a potentially useful approach to study and control non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this paper is to explore the time preferences of individuals and its impact on obesity in an adult population of Iran. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire was completed by 792 individuals who were randomly selected from the participants of an ongoing national Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN cohort study in West of Iran. The quasi-hyperbolic discounting model was used to estimate the parameters of time preferences and a probit regression model was used to explore the correlation between obesity and time preferences. Findings There was a statistically significant correlation between obesity and both the long-run patience and present-biased preferences of participants. Individuals with a low level of long-run patience were 10.2 percentage points more likely to be obese compared to individuals with a high level of long-run patience. The probability of being obese increased by 11 percentage points in present-biased individuals compared to future biased individuals. Originality/value The long-run patience and time inconsistent preferences were significant determinants of obesity. Considering the time-inconsistent preferences in the development of policies to change obesity-related behavior among adults might increase the success rate of the interventions.

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Lynch, Charles J., Andrew L. Breeden, Evan M. Gordon, Joseph B. C. Cherry, Peter E. Turkeltaub, and Chandan J. Vaidya. "Precision Inhibitory Stimulation of Individual-Specific Cortical Hubs Disrupts Information Processing in Humans." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 9 (October 25, 2018): 3912–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy270.

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Abstract Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a promising treatment for psychiatric and neurologic conditions, but outcomes are variable across treated individuals. In principle, precise targeting of individual-specific features of functional brain networks could improve the efficacy of NIBS interventions. Network theory predicts that the role of a node in a network can be inferred from its connections; as such, we hypothesized that targeting individual-specific “hub” brain areas with NIBS should impact cognition more than nonhub brain areas. Here, we first demonstrate that the spatial positioning of hubs is variable across individuals but reproducible within individuals upon repeated imaging. We then tested our hypothesis in healthy individuals using a prospective, within-subject, double-blind design. Inhibition of a hub with continuous theta burst stimulation disrupted information processing during working-memory more than inhibition of a nonhub area, despite targets being separated by only a few centimeters on the right middle frontal gyrus of each subject. Based upon these findings, we conclude that individual-specific brain network features are functionally relevant and could leveraged as stimulation sites in future NIBS interventions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Individual Prospective'

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