Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Individual Prospective'
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Sahu, Aparna A. "Individual Differences in Prospective Memory: The Roles of Handedness and Interhemispheric Interaction." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1289845482.
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Martin, Jessie D. "Cognitive control and prospective memory performance: A mediation approach." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54324.
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The majority of memory research, and research on its cognitive underpinnings has thus far focused on retrospective memory, or memory for things learned or rehearsed in the past. More recently, however, prospective memory, or the memory for future intentions, has become a major area of research. It is theorized that prospective and retrospective memory may both rely on similar constituent parts such as working memory and selective attention; the relationship between these constructs and prospective memory is, however, significantly less clear than for retrospective memory. In this study we sought to further clarify the role that cognitive process play in prospective memory performance using an SEM approach that included monitoring as a mediating variable in addition to focal, non-focal, and time-based prospective memory task condition. Results suggest a monitoring component is important in both focal and non-focal conditions, and that the type of monitoring observed in this study is related primarily to proactive interference, and reflects participants’ ability to disengage from no longer relevant stimuli¬¬¬.
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Azzopardi, Barbara. "Le vieillissement de la mémoire prospective : mécanismes cognitifs sous-jacents et possibilités d’intervention cognitives." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20049/document.
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La mémoire prospective est une fonction cognitive complexe sollicitée quotidiennement en particulier chez les personnes âgées qui sont, par exemple, fréquemment amenées à se souvenir de prendre un traitement médicamenteux. Cette thèse conduite dans une perspective différentielle était guidé par deux objectifs. Le premier était d’identifier les mécanismes cognitifs sous-tendant le déclin lié à l’âge à des tâches de laboratoire et à des tâches naturelles de mémoire prospective. Le second était d’étudier les possibilités d’amélioration de la mémoire prospective chez la personne âgée. Quatre études ont donc été conduites auprès de personnes âgées. Les deux premières études ont permis d’avoir une meilleure compréhension des effets du vieillissement sur la mémoire prospective en mettant en évidence le rôle médiateur de la mémoire rétrospective et du contrôle exécutif dans le déclin lié à l’âge de la mémoire prospective. La troisième étude a notamment montré que les personnes âgées semblent spontanément compenser certaines difficultés de mémoire prospective en ayant recours à des aides mnésiques externes. Ces trois études nous ont permis d’élaborer et de tester l’effet d’un programme d’intervention, visant à améliorer la mémoire prospective, basé sur le renforcement de la mémoire rétrospective, du contrôle exécutif et de certaines connaissances méta-mnésiques. Les résultats n’ont pas mis en évidence d’effet de l’intervention. Ces résultats suggèrent que des interventions individualisées ciblées sur des difficultés spécifiques seraient peut-être plus adaptées que des interventions destinées à améliorer le fonctionnement global de la mémoire prospective de la personne âgéeProspective memory is a complex cognitive function requested to remember a planned action. For example, this function is particularly important in elderly people to remember taking medication at the appropriate time. Two key objectives were pursued in an interindividual differences approach. The first goal was to have a better understanding of prospective memory in aging people. Thus, we wanted to identify the cognitive mechanisms underlying the age-related decline in laboratory and naturalistic prospective memory tasks. The second goal was to estimate how prospective memory can be improved in elderly people. To that end, we performed four studies using samples of aging people. The results of the two first studies indicated that retrospective memory and executive control processes mediate the relation between age and prospective memory. In the third study, the results showed that elderly people compensated spontaneously some of their prospective memory problems using external memory aids. These studies allowed us to develop and to test a cognitive intervention program based on the reinforcement of retrospective memory, executive control processes, and metacognitive knowledge. The results indicated any effect of the intervention program on prospective memory performance. These suggest that individualized cognitive interventions focused on specific prospective memory problems would be more suitable than interventions designed to improve the global functioning of prospective memory in elderly people
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Pennells, Lisa. "Assessing predictive ability using individual participant time to event data from multiple prospective studies : application to cardiovascular disease risk prediction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609800.
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Murphy, Megan J. "Sexual Assault-specific Bystander Behavior: Accounting for Opportunity in a Prospective Analysis of the Effects of Individual, Social Norms, and Situational Variables." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1389008840.
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Marchand, Erica J. 1977. "Predicting when adolescent risky sexual behavior does not co-occur with other problem behaviors: A prospective study of family, peer, and individual factors." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11160.
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xvi, 108 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Risky sexual behavior (RSB) places adolescents at risk for unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection, and research is needed to understand the predictors of adolescent RSB and targets for future intervention. The current study used the social contextual model of problem behavior development to examine family, peer, and individual influences on adolescents' sexual behavior and the relationship between RSB and other problem behaviors. Data were previously collected from 998 adolescents and their families. First, I examined the level of agreement between adolescents' and parents' perceptions of family relationships, parental monitoring, and adolescents' friendships and which perceptions were more strongly related to adolescent problem behavior. Pearson bivariate correlations between parent and adolescent perceptions were small. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that adolescent report was a better predictor of problem behavior than was parent report. Second, I assessed whether positive family relations, parental monitoring, family conflict, and parent-adolescent communication about sex in earlier adolescence were related to RSB in later adolescence. Structural equation modeling results suggested that the timing and frequency of parent-adolescent communication about sex and parent monitoring in earlier adolescence were related to RSB in later adolescence among the sample as a whole; results varied somewhat by gender. Third, I examined participants' membership in four risk behavior groups in late adolescence (low problem behavior, RSB only, substance use only, and RSB plus substance use), identified family, peer, and individual factors that differentiated teens in each group, and explored differences by sex and ethnicity. Females were more likely than males to report engaging in a combination of RSB and patterned substance use, and African Americans of both sexes were more likely than European Americans to report engaging in RSB in the absence of other behaviors. The variable that most reliably distinguished among risk groups for both males and females was friend drug use in late adolescence. Discussion considers reasons for these findings and highlights the roles of parent monitoring, parent-adolescent communication about sex, and gender and sociocultural factors in RSB prevention.
Committee in charge: Ellen McWhirter, Chairperson, Counseling Psychology and Human Services; Joe Stevens, Member, Educational Methodology, Policy, and Leadership; Elizabeth Stormshak, Member, Counseling Psychology and Human Services; Anthony Biglan, Member, Not from U of O; Yvonne Braun, Outside Member, Sociology
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Altgassen, Mareike, Anett Kretschmer, and Matthias Kliegel. "Task Dissociation in Prospective Memory Performance in Individuals With ADHD." Sage, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35645.
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Objective: The present study investigated, for the first time, event- and time-based prospective memory (PM) in the same sample of adults with ADHD within one paradigm using parallel task constraints. Method: A total of 25 individuals with ADHD and 25 matched neurotypical controls completed a computerized version of the Dresden Breakfast Task, which required participants to prepare breakfast following a set of rules and time restrictions.
Results: Although groups did not differ in event-based PM, results demonstrated a large-sized impairment in individuals with ADHD in time-based PM.
Conclusion: Findings suggest a task-specific impairment in PM functioning and are discussed in an executive control framework of neurocognitive functioning in ADHD. (J. of Att. Dis. 2014; 18(7) 617-624)
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Hermann, Bertrand. "Nouvelles approches diagnostiques et thérapeutiques pour les patients souffrant de troubles de la conscience Wisdom of the caregivers: pooling individual subjective reports to diagnose states of consciousness in brain-injured patients, a monocentric prospective study Unexpected good outcome in severe cerebral fat embolism syndrome." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS638.
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Le diagnostic et le traitement des troubles de conscience est complexe. Dans ce travail, nous avons i) introduit une nouvelle échelle comportementale pour mesurer l’état de conscience, fondée sur l’intelligence collective, ii) validé la mesure de l’indice métabolique du PET au fluorodeoxyglucose comme étant l’une des meilleures techniques de neuroimagerie pour le diagnostic de l’état de conscience minimale (ECM), et iii) mis au point un signe clinique d’ECM nouveau et fiable, l’habituation du réflexe de sursaut au bruit. Ces résultats sont en faveur de la réinterprétation de l’ECM comme étant un état médié par le cortex. Par ailleurs, l’investigation des effets comportementaux et électrophysiologiques de la stimulation électrique transcrânienne en courant continu (tDCS) préfrontale chez les patients souffrant de troubles de la conscience nous a permis de mettre en évidence un effet authentique et direct de la stimulation sur la conscience, agissant via la modulation de l’activité corticale et de la connectivité cortico-corticale résiduelle. Enfin, dans le but de développer de nouveaux paradigmes de stimulation, influencés par la théorie, nous avons utilisé la tDCS et la stimulation électrique transcranienne en courant alternatif (tACS) chez des sujets sains pour tester des prédictions de la théorie de l’espace de travail neuronal global lors d’une tâche visuelle d’accès conscient, avec des effets hétérogènes. Au total, nos résultats plaident pour l’investigation systématique des effets de la stimulation sur l’activité cérébrale et pour le développement de procédures de stimulation plus efficaces et cibléesAccurate diagnosis and treatment of consciousness disorders (DoC) remains a challenging issue. In this work, we introduced a new behavioral scale for DoC capitalizing on the wisdom of the crowd phenomenon, we validated the FDG-PET metabolic index of the best preserved hemisphere as one of the best neuro-imaging technique for minimally conscious state (MCS) diagnosis and proposed a new and reliable clinical sign of MCS, the habituation of auditory startle reflex. In addition to enriching and refining our repertoire of diagnostic procedures available for DoC diagnosis, our results support the interpretation of the generic and elusive MCS as a cortically-mediated state, which reflects the preservation of activity within specialized cortical networks and could include both conscious and non-conscious states. On the therapeutic side, by investigating the effects of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on behavior and brain activity of patients suffering from DoC, we provided evidence for a genuine and direct cortical effect of the stimulation on consciousness through the modulation of residual cortical activity and cortico-cortical connectivity. Finally, in an attempt to develop theory-driven stimulation paradigms, we used tDCS and transcranial alternative stimulation to test predictions of the global neuronal workspace theory on conscious access in healthy subjects, with heterogeneous stimulation responses. Taken together, our results advocate for the systematic investigation of stimulation effect on brain activity and for the future development of more powerful and targeted stimulation procedures
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Griffiths, A. "Prospective memory and future event simulation in individuals with alcohol dependence." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1324503/.
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This major research project focuses on the possible influence that chronic substance use may have on prospective memory (PM) ability. Part one consists of a literature review examining the associations between recreational substance use and impairments in PM. This identifies 24 studies from 23 publications examining PM ability in recreational substance users. Although PM impairments are reported by most, the review highlights a number of methodological weaknesses in the existing body of research. These include an over-reliance on self report PM measures, the use of inadequate objective assessments, and limitations in internal and external validity. Suggestions are made for how methodological limitations may be overcome in future work. Part two is an empirical paper which describes a study that aimed to overcome the limitations highlighted in part one. This compared the performance of an alcohol dependent group to that of an age and premorbid ability matched control group, on an objective PM measure called the Virtual Week. It was found that the event based PM performance of alcohol dependents was strongly associated with indices of both alcohol usage and severity of alcohol dependence, and significantly impaired compared to that of controls. Furthermore, an imagining technique improved controls’ time based PM, but did not improve alcohol dependents’ PM. These findings are discussed in terms of the relevance of strategy application to successful PM functioning, and the implications this may hold for clinical practice. Part three consists of a critical appraisal of the research process, which explains why various methodological choices were made and how particular challenges were overcome as they arose. Certain conceptual issues are also reflected upon and their relevance to future research discussed.
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Grilli, Matthew Dennis. "Self-Imagining, Recognition Memory, and Prospective Memory in Memory-Impaired Individuals with Neurological Damage." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193396.
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The present study investigated the reliability and robustness of a new mnemonic strategy - self-imagination - in a group of memory-impaired individuals with neurological damage. Despite severe memory deficits, almost all of the participants demonstrated a self-imagination effect (SIE) for recognition memory in study 1. Moreover, the ability to benefit from self-imagination was not affected by the severity of the memory deficit. In study 3, more than half of the participants showed a SIE on a task of event-based prospective memory. The data from study 2 suggest the SIE is not attributable to semantic processing or emotional processing and indicate that self-imagination is distinct from other mnemonic strategies. Overall the findings from the present study implicate self-imagination as a new and effective mnemonic strategy. The data also indicate that when it comes to memory there is something special about processing information in relation to the self.
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Ponchon, Aurore. "Comportements individuels et réponse des populations aux changements environnementaux : la mouette tridactyle comme modèle." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20235/document.
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Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier les comportements individuels liés à la sélection de l'habitat de reproduction chez un oiseau marin colonial longévif, la mouette tridactyle et de déterminer leur importance dans la réponse des populations aux changements environnementaux à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles. Dans un premier temps, des approches expérimentales incluant un suivi du mouvement des individus par GPS et balises Argos ont permis de démontrer que seuls des individus en échec de reproduction effectuent des mouvements de prospection impliquant la visite d'autres zones de reproduction. Ces mouvements ont été enregistrés depuis la période de fin d'incubation jusqu'à la période d'élevage des poussins à des échelles spatiales aussi bien locales (<1km) que régionales (> 40 km), dans des conditions environnementales variées. Ensuite, un modèle de dynamique des populations considérant différentes stratégies de dispersion a montré que contrairement à la philopatrie et la dispersion aléatoire, l'utilisation d'informations personnelle et sociale par les individus permet aux populations de maintenir des effectifs élevés et de persister sur le long-terme. Enfin, des modèles de captures-recaptures ont mis en évidence des interactions indirectes entre protocoles de suivis à long-terme d'individus marqués et comportements individuels liés à la dispersion. Ces interactions peuvent notamment biaiser l'estimation de paramètres démographiques tels que le taux de survie annuelle. L'ensemble de nos résultats démontre que la sélection de l'habitat de reproduction et la dispersion sont des processus complexes mais essentiels dans la compréhension du fonctionnement des populations et qu'ils doivent être mieux pris en compte dans les modèles prédictifs de dynamique, structure et persistance des populations en réponse aux changements environnementauxThe aim of this thesis is to study individual behaviours linked to breeding habitat selection in a long-lived colonial seabird, the black-legged kittiwake, and to determine their importance in population responses to environmental changes occurring at different spatial and temporal scales. First, experimental approaches including GPS and satellite tracking of individuals allowed demonstrating that only failed breeders performed prospecting movements involving visits of other breeding areas. These movements were recorded from egg incubation to chick rearing at local spatial scales (<1 km) as well as large spatial scales (> 40km), in various environmental conditions. Then, a population dynamic model considering different dispersal strategies showed that contrarily to philopatry and random dispersal, personal and social information use by individuals favoured population persistence in the long-term. Finally, capture-recapture models highlighted indirect interactions between sampling designs of long-term surveys of marked individuals and behaviours linked to dispersal. These interactions can notably bias the estimation of demographic parameters such as annual survival rate. All our results demonstrate that breeding habitat selection and dispersal are complex but essential processes in the understanding of population functioning and they have to be considered in models predicting the dynamics, structure and persistence of populations in response to environmental changes
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Arnold, Stacy J. "TDP-43 Deposition in Prospectively Followed, Cognitively Normal Elderly Individuals: A Correlative Study." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/281112.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been heavily researched in recent years due to its involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Numerous studies have also sought to investigate the frequency of TDP-43 deposition in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, with very few studies focusing on the relationship of TDP-43 to pathological and clinical parameters within cognitively normal subjects. We sought to explore the deposition of TDP-43 and its relation to pathological and clinical parameters in a series of prospectively followed, cognitively normal, elderly individuals whom have come to autopsy. We screened thick, coronal sections of mesial temporal lobe; containing hippocampus and/or amygdalar regions from a series of 110 cognitively normal subjects (age range 71-100 years) using immunohistochemical methods for phosphorylated TDP-43. Consistent with previous results, we found a 36.4% incidence of pathologic TDP-43. Deposition was detected in the form of dendritic neurites, intranuclear inclusions, and perikaryal cytoplasmic neuronal inclusions. With respect to other concomitant pathologies commonly found in elderly individuals, cases with TDP-43 had a greater proportion of cases with argyrophilic grains (ARG) (40% vs. 18.6%). There was not greater prevalence or densities of other concomitant pathologies, including cerebral white matter rarefaction, incidental Lewy bodies, neurofibrillary tangles or amyloid plaques in TDP-43 positive cases. These results indicate deposition of TDP-43 occurs in a substantial subset of cognitively normal elderly subjects and is more common in those with argyrophilic grains.
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Lepoittevin-Bergeot, Claudine. "Etude prospective de l'acceptabilité et de la faisabilité de la rectosigmoïdoscopie flexible comme examen de première intention dans le dépistage individuel du cancer colorectal." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3107.
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Mong-Hy, Cédric. "Le monde et Bataille. Études textuelles, contextuelles et prospectives." Thesis, La Réunion, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LARE0030/document.
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Comme les Montaigne, les Pascal, les Nietzsche ou les Cioran, Bataille a écrit dans l'interstice qui lie et sépare l'écrivain, le savant et le philosophe. Comme eux, il a déployé une langue, parmi les plus belles qui soient, mais surtout, il a inquiété son époque, qui demeure en grande partie la nôtre, en maintenant au cœur de son écriture le supplice de la question. Question béante s'il en est, infiniment ouverte, mais pas forcément ni uniquement à la manière provocante d'une plaie ou d'une vulve. Question ouverte, cette fois-ci, non plus seulement sur la noire intériorité de cet étrange mystique « défroqué » qu'a été Bataille, mais aussi et principalement sur le monde immense et diversement coloré qui a fait de Bataille cet esprit si singulier. Car, Bataille était certes un comprachicos, mais les verrues qu'il cultivait sur son visage étaient avant tout celles de ses semblables, c'est-à-dire de l'humanité. Nous aurons donc l'occasion de voir quelle gaya scienza, quelle scienza nuova, quelle science vive Bataille a mise au point pour échapper à la disjonction et à l'isolement des idées éparpillées dans les différentes sciences, ainsi que pour redécouvrir la complexité de l'univers et sa complicité avec l'espèce humaine. En portant un regard qui se souhaite détaché de toute approche mimétique et/ou révérencieuse, nous avons voulu explorer trois grands discours, au sens de Michel Foucault, qui irriguent l'œuvre de Bataille, parfois de façon souterraine. Quels liens Bataille percevait-t-il entre la nature et la culture, et quelle est l'histoire de cette conception dans son œuvre ? Comment, à travers les généalogies du corps humain et du corps social, du paléolithique au vingtième siècle, Bataille a-t-il lu le rôle fondateur de l'art pour les sociétés humaines ? Et enfin, quelle épistémologie de la connaissance a permis à Bataille de progresser sans croître dans sa recherche inspirée, et d'y mêler savoir et « non-savoir », science et mystique ?The abstract is available in French only
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Offerman, Jens. "Can internal and external load measures via Polar Vantage V predict training status in trained individuals? : - A prospective study during a normal and a heavy load training week." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Avdelningen för idrottsmedicin, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-163225.
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Purpose To evaluate the information provided by Polar Vantage V, a new generation of heart rate monitor/watch (HRM-watch) to the user, regarding the acute:chronic load ratio (ACLR), based onthe external and internal load measures and examine the measures against psychological and physiological measures before and during a threshold test with VO2max testing. Method A five-week prospective study with results and data collected during and after four normal training weeks and during a fifth week with a very high training load. The results from HRM-watchwere then evaluated against the results from physiological and psychological tests. Eight endurance runners were recruited. Results Differences in ACLR against the differences in HRR show a R2 value of 0.77 (p<0.05). ACLR signicantly increased with an average of 0.33 from 0.93 to 1.26 (p=0.003, 95 % CI= 0.17 {0.49). Differences in ACLR against dierences in total mood disturbance (TMD) from POMS showin regression analyses a R2value of 0.67 (p=0.05). No significant difference was noted in neither resting HRV (p=0.3, 95% CI= -22.2 { 8.5) or standing HRV (p=0.15, 95% CI= - 4.15 { 20.8). Conclusion Based on the result of the present study it can be concluded that training status, well-being and present mood state can be predicted fairly good with the information from the internal and external load measurements from the Polar Vantage V. However, the power of present exploratory study was low due to a low number of included participants. Future research with greater number of participants and an improved study design is needed to verify these interesting findings.
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Collard, Blanche. "Effet de l’organisation spatiale intra-parcellaire des habitats sur le contrôle biologique par conservation : étude et modélisation des déplacements de dermaptères dans les bananeraies Spatial organisation of habitats in agricultural plots affects per-capita predator effect on conservation biological control: an individual based modelling study." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0710.
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Dans cette thèse, nous avons cherché à savoir si, et comment, l’organisation spatiale intra-parcellaire des habitats favorables aux prédateurs généralistes pouvait influencer le contrôle biologique par conservation (CBC) via leur comportement de prospection. Ce travail s’appuie sur une démarche de modélisation guidée par des expérimentations sur le dermaptère E. caraibea, prédateur généraliste des bananeraies de la Martinique. Dans une expérience dans des bananeraies de la Martinique, nous avons constaté que l’abondance et l’activité des dermaptères semblaient dépendre fortement des types d’habitats : les résidus de bananiers apparaissant particulièrement plus favorables aux dermaptères que le sol nu. Nous avons développé un modèle individu centré et spatialement explicite (Foragescape) du déplacement de prospection d’un prédateur type (inspiré d’E. caraibea) dans les bananeraies, basé sur le caractère favorable ou défavorable des habitats. Le modèle prédit que l’efficacité per capita des prédateurs pour le CBC peut être fortement affectée par la dilution spatiale des prédateurs, causée par l’addition d’habitats favorables, mais que cet effet pouvait être partiellement ou complètement compensé par leur organisation spatiale.Une hypothèse clef du modèle Foragescape a pu être retrouvée dans une expérience en mésocosme expérimental : les déplacements des dermaptères sont plus lents et sinueux sur les résidus, c’est-à-dire un habitat favorable, que sur le sol nu, un habitat défavorable. On peut donc, dans une certaine mesure, étendre les prédictions du modèle sur l’organisation spatiale et le CBC aux dermaptères dans les bananeraiesIn this thesis, we investigated whether - and how - the intra-plot spatial patterns of habitats favourable to generalist predators could influence the conservation biological control (CBC) through their foraging behaviour. The general approach of this work is based on a modelling approach guided by experiments on the earwig E. caraibea, a generalist predator in banana fields of Martinique. In an experiment in banana fields, we found that the abundance and activity of earwigs seemed to be influenced by habitat types: banana tree residues appeared to be particularly more favourable to earwigs than bare soil.We developed a spatially explicit and individual-based model (Foragescape) of the foraging movements of an earwig-like predator in a banana field - based on the favourable or unfavourable nature of habitats. We found that the per-capita predator effect was strongly affected by a spatial dilution of predators, induced by favourable habitat addition, but this negative effect could be partially or fully mitigated by their spatial organisation.A key hypothesis of the Foragescape model was found on earwigs in a mesocosm experiment: earwigs movements are slower and more sinuous on residues, a favourable habitat, than on bare soil, an unfavourable habitat. Therefore, the model's predictions on spatial organisation and CBC can to some extent be adapted to the earwigs in banana fields
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Merz, Benedikt [Verfasser]. "Metabolic markers as determinants of future waist-gaining or hip-gaining phenotype in weight-gaining individuals – A targeted metabolomics approach in population-based prospective German cohort studies / Benedikt Alexander Merz." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1107541786/34.
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Merz, Benedikt Alexander [Verfasser]. "Metabolic markers as determinants of future waist-gaining or hip-gaining phenotype in weight-gaining individuals – A targeted metabolomics approach in population-based prospective German cohort studies / Benedikt Alexander Merz." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1107541786/34.
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Brown, Pamela. "Improving planning and prospective memory in a virtual reality setting : investigating the use of periodic auditory alerts in conjunction with goal management training on a complex virtual reality task in individuals with acquired brain injury." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1226/.
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Abstract Introduction: Deficits in planning and prospective memory are common after brain injury and contribute to difficulties participating in everyday activities. Recent research has suggested that using non-contingent auditory alerts may facilitate a ‘goal-review’ process and improve performance on tasks that make demands on executive functions. This study investigated whether combining alerts with a brief goal management training (GMT) programme would improve performance on a complex virtual reality task. Method: Twenty individuals with evidence of executive impairment completed two versions of the Removals Task, one trial with auditory alerts following a GMT session, and the other trial in standard, non-alerted conditions. Nineteen healthy controls were recruited to complete the task with no alerts or GMT. Results: The brain-injury group were significantly poorer than the controls on some measures of the task in non-alerted conditions. GMT and auditory alerts did not improve performance (though a sub-group analyses revealed improvement for 6 participants on one task measure). Discussion: Ceiling effects, brevity of the GMT procedure and paradoxical effects of the alerts on the measures are discussed as some possible reasons for failure to find significant differences. Sensitivity of the Removals Task to detect executive impairment and its efficacy as a potential cognitive rehabilitative assessment tool is investigated in light of differing findings between studies. Conclusion: The Removals Task revealed differences in performance between individuals with executive dysfunction and healthy controls on some measures. While a sub-group of participants did show improvement in the alerted condition for one measure, GMT and auditory alerts failed to improve performance in the brain-injury group on the majority of task measures. Limitations of the current study are acknowledged and recommendations for future research are given.
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Hoertel, Nicolas. "Effets des pathologies psychiatriques sur le risque de tentative de suicide : similitudes et différences selon l’âge au sein d’une cohorte en population générale Mental disorders and risk of suicide attempt: a national prospective study A dimensional liability model of age differences in mental disorder prevalence: evidence from a national sample Effects of psychiatric disorders on suicide attempt: similarities and differences between older and younger adults in a national cohort study A comprehensive model of predictors of suicide attempt in depressed individuals and effect of treatment-seeking behavior: results from a national 3-year prospective study." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB007.
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Les troubles mentaux sont associés à un risque accru de tentative de suicide. Or, la comorbidité entre les troubles psychiatriques est fréquente et peut être expliquée par des modèles où ces troubles sont appréhendés comme des manifestations de dimensions latentes de psychopathologie. Nous avons cherché à évaluer si le risque de tentative de suicide est dû à certains troubles psychiatriques ou à certaines dimensions de psychopathologie (internalisée ou externalisée) ou à un facteur de psychopathologie générale. Au sein d’une cohorte en population générale suivie sur une période de trois ans, nous avons utilisé des modèles d’équation structurelle afin de distinguer les effets spécifiques des effets partagés des différents troubles mentaux sur le risque de tentative de suicide. La structure dimensionnelle globale des troubles psychiatriques était invariante selon l'âge et leurs effets sur le risque de tentative de suicide étaient médiés principalement par une dimension de psychopathologie générale représentant un effet commun partagé, quel que soit le groupe d'âge. Cet effet était significativement plus faible chez les adultes d’au moins 50 ans comparativement aux sujets les plus jeunes. Les résultats étaient similaires en utilisant différentes approches de modélisation de la comorbidité psychiatrique, ainsi que dans un modèle incluant la plupart des facteurs de risque cliniques de tentative de suicide dans le sous-groupe de sujets présentant un épisode dépressif caractérisé. Nos résultats suggèrent que le facteur de psychopathologie générale a un rôle majeur et devrait être considéré comme une cible thérapeutique privilégiée afin de permettre une meilleure prévention du suicidePas de résumé
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Rose-Dulcina, Kevin. "Caractérisation de l'asymétrie neuromusculaire des personnes souffrant de lombalgie chronique non-spécifique dentifying Subgroups of Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain Based on a Multifactorial Approach: Protocol For a Prospective Study Flexion-relaxation ratio asymmetry and its relation with trunk lateral ROM in individuals with and without chronic nonspecific low back pain Asymmetry of lumbar muscles fatigability with non-specific chronic low back pain patients." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS044.
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Les lombalgies représentent la principale cause d'invalidité dans le monde depuis 1990. Sa forme chronique (durée supérieure à 3 mois) affecte 10 à 15% des cas et représente 70 à 90% du coût total lié aux lombalgies. De plus, un diagnostic précis ne peut être obtenu que dans 10-15% des cas en raison d'un manque de connaissances de la pathophysiologie catégorisant ces lombalgies comme non-spécifiques. Chercheurs et cliniciens ont mis en avant le besoin d’identifier des sous-groupes au sein de la population lombalgique chronique non-spécifique (NSCLBP) afin d’optimiser la prise en charge thérapeutique. Dans ce contexte, un projet de classification des patients NSCLBP intégrant une approche multifactorielle a été mis en place. En effet, divers facteurs contribuent au développement et à la persistance des NSCLBP. Parmi ces facteurs, on retrouve les altérations de l’activité des muscles lombaires. Ces travaux de thèse se sont intéressés à ces altérations et représentent une partie du projet d’identification des sous-groupes.La littérature met en évidence différentes altérations dans l’activité électromyographique (EMG) des muscles lombaires chez les patients NSCLBP lors de l’exécution de plusieurs tâches fonctionnelles telles que la marche, le soulever de charge, le transfert assis-debout et encore la montée d’escaliers. Parmi ces altérations EMG, l’asymétrie neuromusculaire entre le côté droit et le côté gauche a montré une influence sur l’effet de la réhabilitation, le recrutement musculaire et la persistance de la douleur. Ces éléments font de l’asymétrie neuromusculaire un facteur important pour la compréhension de la pathophysiologie des NSCLBP. Cependant, peu d’études, à ce jour, se sont intéressées à l’asymétrie droite/gauche de l’activité des muscles lombaires. Étudier cette asymétrie pourrait permettre une meilleure compréhension de la pathophysiologie des NSCLBP.L’objectif de cette thèse était donc de caractériser l’asymétrie de l’activité des muscles lombaires lors de différentes tâches motrices et d’évaluer sa pertinence dans le processus d’identification de sous-groupes de patients NSCLBP. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, quatre études complémentaires ont été menées au cours de tâches motrices nécessitant un mouvement synchrone entre droite et gauche.Dans leur ensemble, ces travaux de thèse mettent en évidence une altération globale de l’activité EMG des muscles lombaires au cours des quatre tâches motrices étudiées que sont le test de Sorensen, la flexion antérieure maximale du tronc, le transfert assis-debout et le soulever de charge. Malgré le fait que certaines altérations permettent une augmentation de la stabilité du tronc, elles peuvent toutes avoir des conséquences nocives à long terme. L’asymétrie neuromusculaire est l’une de ces altérations mais elle ne semble présente que lors de la tâche de flexion antérieure maximale du tronc. Considérant que le projet de classification se base principalement sur les altérations observées dans la population NSCLBP, l’intégration de l’asymétrie du phénomène de flexion-relaxation peut représenter un intérêt certain dans le processus d’identification des sous-groupes. Il serait aussi pertinent d’étendre l’analyse aux muscles de l’abdomen et du bassin ainsi que d’évaluer l’influence des paramètres psychologiques pour une compréhension plus complète de ces résultatsLow back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide since 1990. Its chronic form (lasting longer than 3 months) affects 10 to 15% of cases and represents 70 to 90% of the total cost of low back pain. Most LBP is classified as non-specific because the pain’s source cannot be precisely established in 85%–90% of cases. The need to identify subgroups of nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) was highlighted by both clinicians and researchers in order to optimize therapeutic management. In this context, a project of NSCLBP subgroup identification based on a multifactorial approach has been established. Indeed, several factors contribute to the development and the persistence of NSCLBP. Alterations in the activity of the lumbar muscles have been suggested as one of these contributing factors. This doctoral work has focused on these alterations and represent a part of the subgroup identification project.Literature reported various alterations in the lumbar muscles activity of the NSCLBP patients during several tasks. Among these alterations, neuromuscular asymmetry between the left and right side was reported to influence muscle recruitment, rehabilitation and persistence of pain. These elements make neuromuscular asymmetry an important factor in understanding the pathophysiology of NSCLBP. However, few studies have investigated right / left asymmetry of lumbar muscle activity during functional tasks of the daily life. Studying this asymmetry would allow a better understanding of the pathophysiology of NSCLBP.This doctoral work aimed to characterise the neuromuscular asymmetry of NSCLBP patients in comparison with asymptomatic participants. To achieve this objective, several complementary studies were successively conducted.As a whole, this doctoral work highlights a global alteration of the activity of the lumbar muscles in NSCLBP patients during the four motor tasks studied. Most of these alterations aimed to enhance the stability of the spine but lead to potential long-term consequences. Neuromuscular asymmetry is one of these alterations but seems to be present only during maximal trunk forward bending. Considering the clustering project is mainly based on the alterations observed in the NSCLBP population, the integration of the asymmetry of the flexion-relaxation phenomenon may represent an interesting parameter in the process of identification of the subgroups. It would also be useful to extend the analysis to the abdominal and pelvis muscles as well as to evaluate the influence of the psychological parameters for a deeper understanding of these results
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Lvovschi, Virginie-Eve. "Titration morphinique inhalée aux Urgences : modernisation de la prise en charge des douleurs sévères de l'adulte Targeting moderate pain in healthy volunteers by individual calibration of a nociceptive flexion reflex model Proposer un "modèle" de douleur provoquée par Electromyogramme pour optimiser les outils antalgiques aux urgences Nebulized versus intravenous morphine titration for the initial treatment of severe acute pain in the emergency department : study protocol for a multicenter, prospective randomized and controlled trial, CLIN-AEROMORPH Inhaled versus intravenous opioid dosing for the initial treatment of severe acute pain in the emergency department : pharmacological intermediate results of the CLIN-AEROMORPH french study Toward new eligibility criteria for ontravenous morphine in the French Emergency Department : Evaluation of physicians' bedside rationalization of opioid titration protocols Analysis of bedside determinisms leading to under-prescription of morphine titration in the Emergency Department : EPIMORPH study Medico-economic study of pain in an emergency department : a targeted literature review Opioid reflex at triage is not a solution for opioid-naive patients in emergency departments A systemic approach to complete the multimodal assessment model of pain Intravenous morphine titration to treat severe pain in the ED Morphine consumption is not modified in patients with severe pain and classified by the DN4 score as neuropathic Prise en charge de la douleur aiguë spontanée de l'adulte aux urgences." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR013.
Full textAbstract:
Notre objectif était d’optimiser la prise en charge de la douleur aiguë sévère en médecine d’urgence. La titration morphinique intraveineuse qui fait actuellement référence doit se moderniser pour répondre aux nouveaux enjeux de la pratique en même temps que l’on doit garantir une balance bénéfice risque inchangée dans la lutte contre l’oligoanalgésie. Le travail décrit dans cette thèse, constitue une première étape d’évaluation d’une alternative nébulisée à la titration morphinique, à travers 3 études cliniques (AEROMORPH1, CLIN-AEROMORPH, EPIMORPH) et l’étude de son contexte dans la littérature. Des travaux chez le volontaire sain ont permis d’établir un mode opératoire avec une technique aérosol simple et accessible, de courte durée (5 min), que l’on peut répéter en titration (toutes les 10 min). Sa faisabilité est en voie d’être confirmée à grande échelle dans une étude multicentrique clinique et sa non-infériorité en termes d’efficacité est en cours d’évaluation. Des données pharmacologiques chez le volontaire sain et chez les patients confirment une concentration sanguine en morphine proche des concentrations efficaces observées en intraveineux (1 à 120 ng/ml dans CLIN-AEROMORPH), ce qui est déjà un résultat positif démontré par nos travaux. Par ailleurs, sur le plan de son éligibilité, nos données observationnelles et de simulation de décision, associées aux données médico-économiques que nous avons analysées dans la littérature, suggèrent la nécessité de baser son indication autrement que sur la simple évaluation par EVA/EN à l’accueil. Dans ce travail nous montrons que la pratique des praticiens témoigne aujourd’hui de leur manque d’adhésion au déclenchement systématique de la prescription d’opiacés Iv titrés par l’autoévaluation de la douleur sévère (de 6 à 20% de respect des critères SFMU, 61% de réinterprétation des scores EVA/EN). Si la titration aérosol est uniquement proposée en starter de la titration morphinique sans moderniser les algorithmes de décision de prescription opiacée dans les protocoles d’urgences, il est probable que cette nouvelle proposition thérapeutique ne résoudra qu’une partie de la problématique actuellement posée. Une prise en charge pharmacologique la plus individualisée possible est plus que jamais pertinente, avec une prescription ciblée de la titration morphinique selon la typologie du patient, en plus d’une priorisation par typologie douloureuse. En développant un « modèle douleur » original chez le volontaire sain, nous avons d’ailleurs mis en lumière des profils de patients « hyperesthésiques » et « endurants », sur le plan neurophysiologique et biochimique, qui sont sûrement retrouvés en pratique clinique quotidienne. L’ensemble de ces éléments doivent donc être pris en compte pour améliorer la prise en charge de la douleur en médecine d’urgence, avec une vision plus systémique, et davantage d’études dédiées, utilisant des méthodes d’évaluation innovantes mêlant critères quantitatifs robustes et qualitatifs exhaustifsOur goal was to optimize the management of severe acute pain in emergency medicine. Intravenous morphine titration, which is currently the referent method, must be modernised to meet the new challenges of practice while at the same time, we must keep guaranteeing an unchanged risk-benefit balance in the fight against oligoanalgesia. Our work, described in this thesis, has been a cornerstone for the evaluation of a nebulized alternative solution to emergencies through 3 clinical studies, (AEROMORPH1, CLIN-AEROMORPH, EPIMORPH), and study of its contextualisation in literature. Work in healthy volunteers allowed us to establish a simple and accessible procedure for aerosol, of short duration (5 min), which can be repeated in titration procedures (every 10 min). Its feasibility is likely to be confirmed on our multicentre clinical study at a large scale and its efficacy, by a non-inferiority design of study is being evaluated. Pharmacological data in healthy volunteers and in patients confirm a blood morphine concentration close to the effective blood concentrations observed by intravenous administration (CLIN-AEROMORPH: 1-20 ng/ml), which is already a positive result demonstrated by our work. Moreover, regarding eligibility, our observational study, combined to a experiment about decision mechanisms, combined with the analysis of medico-economic data in literature, suggest the need to base its indication on more than just the simple VAS/NRS assessment at triage. In this work we showed that emergency practitioners’ practice today underlines their lack of adherence to the systematic initiation of intravenous morphine titration by patient self-assessment of severe pain (compliance with SFMU criteria 6 to 20%, re-assessment of VAS/NRS scores 61%). If nebulized morphine titration is only proposed as a starter for morphine titration without modernising the algorithms for opiate prescription decision in emergency protocols, it is likely that this new therapeutic proposal will only solve part of the current problem. Targeted pharmacological management, as individualised as possible, is more relevant than ever, with prescription of morphine titration according to the patient's typology, in addition to prioritisation by pain typology. By developing an original pain model in healthy volunteers, we have also highlighted profiles of "pain sensitive" and "enduring" patients, according to neurophysiological and biochemical data, that are certainly represented in daily clinical practice. Therefore, all these components should be taken into account to improve pain management in emergency medicine, with a more systemic vision and more dedicated studies using innovative evaluation methods, combining robust quantitative criteria with comprehensive qualitative criteria
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Zhu, Yu-Chen, and 祝昱晨. "The Prospective of Investment in Mainland of China for Taiwan Individual." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46064848022961258601.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
財務金融學研究所
103
Concerning the difference of deposit rates between Taiwan and mainland of China, this paper gives a detailed profiling of the investment universe in mainland China and provides actionable investment advices to investors in Taiwan. Following Mr. Bashusong’ definition of the third wave in China’s asset management business, the paper analyzes various kinds of investment products including money market funds, P2P lending, bank’s wealth management products, trust products and equity-linked funds. This paper ends with the thorough analysis of Ant Financial owned by Alibaba Group, which benefits substantially from China’s booming asset management business. This paper aims to facilitate further understanding of mainland’s investment opportunities among Taiwan investors.
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Correia, Nuno. "Perceived organisational support: A prospective proxy of the individual manager’s commitment to strategic decision-making in organisational context." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/8705.
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The purpose of this research project was the design of a model, which provides
possible explanations of the behaviour of individual managers in organisational contexts
when involved in strategic decision-making, but also some prospective level of
prediction.
The model proposed integrates variables that are related to each individual manager,
such as the experiences with decision-making outcomes and the illusions of control that
individual managers have, variables which derive from the perceptions that individual
managers have of some components of their organisational contexts and perceptions of
the risks intrinsic to each topic, which is subjected to decision-making processes.
The organisational support for risk-taking, which is perceived by each individual
manager, is considered as a proxy of the perception that that manager has of the risks
for him or herself, and as a proxy of his or her behaviour, that is, is seen as a predictor
of the willingness of the individual manager to engage in strategic decision-making
activities on the behalf of his or her organisation.
The data gathered by the questionnaire, and the hypotheses defined in accordance
with the model proposed, were treated within the structural equation modelling
framework. The results provide support for the model proposed and suggest that the
perceived organisational support has antecedents, which had neither been proposed nor
tested thus far.
The findings of this study provide individual managers and their organisations with
a better understanding of the variables involved in risk perception and risk behaviour,
thus providing additional tools for risk management.O objectivo deste projecto foi a concepção de um modelo que fornecesse possíveis explicações para o comportamento individual de gerentes e gestores em contexto organizacional, quando envolvidos na tomada de decisões estratégicas, mas também que previsse esse mesmo comportamento. O modelo proposto considera variáveis que estão relacionadas com cada indivíduo, tais como a experiência com resultados de tomadas de decisão e com o controlo que pensam exercer sobre os assuntos a decidir e sobre as variáveis relacionadas com fatores que resultam dos contextos organizacionais. O apoio da organização para a assunção de riscos que é percebido por cada indivíduo é considerado neste estudo como um indicador da percepção que cada um dos indivíduos tem dos riscos em que pode incorrer ele próprio, e, consequentemente, como um indicador do respetivo comportamento e da vontade desse indivíduo participar na tomada de decisões estratégicas organizacionais. Os dados obtidos através do questionário final, e as hipóteses definidas de acordo com o modelo proposto, foram analisados com recurso a modelos de equações estruturais. Os resultados sugerem que o modelo proposto é fundamentado e que o apoio organizacional à assunção de riscos dependerá também de outros determinantes que não tinham sido anteriormente considerados nem testados. Os resultados deste estudo permitirão aos gerentes e gestores a título individual e ainda às respectivas organizações, uma compreensão mais aprofundada das variáveis envolvidas na percepção dos riscos e nos comportamentos face aos riscos, proporcionando medidas adicionais de gestão de risco.
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Nilsson, Eskil. "Individual and environmental risk factors for hand eczema in hospital workers." Doctoral thesis, 1986. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100542.
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Individual and environmental risk factors in hand eczema have been investigated in a prospective cohort study of 2452 newly employed hospital workers with a follow-up time of 20 months. Current hand eczema was analyzed in 142 wet hospital workers from this cohort with respect to the etiologic importance of irritants, allergens and contact urticants. The density of the microflora and the effect on the microflora of topical treatment with a potent corticosteroid were studied in 20 patients with hand eczema. ’Wet’ hospital work was found to increase the odds of developing hand eczema only twice compared to 'dry' office work. Nursing children under four years old and the lack of a dish-washing machine significantly increased the risk of contracting hand eczema. Unfavourable combinations of these domestic factors increased the risk as much as wet work. A history of atopic dermatitis approximately tripled the odds both in wet as well as in dry work. Histories of earlier hand eczema (HHE), metal dermatitis (HMD) and of atopy were analyzed as risk factors for hand eczema in 1857 women in wet work. HHE increased the odds by a factor of 12.9 and created a subdivision of the population into high risk individuals and normal risk individuals. HHE was found in half of the subjects with atopic dermatitis, in one quarter of the subjects with atopic mucosal symptoms and in one fifth of the non-atopics. A HMD increased the odds by a factor of 1.8. This increase was seen as a high risk level in subjects with HHE and as a normal risk level in subjects with no HHE. A history of atopic disease as a complement to information about HHE and HMD increased the odds by another 1.3 times. The predicted probability of developing hand eczema ranged from 91 % in subjects with a combination of HHE, HMD and atopy to 24% in subjects with none of these risk factors. Subjects with AD were found to suffer a more severe form of hand eczema with significantly higher figures for medical consultation, sick- leave, termination due to hand eczema, early debut, permanent symtoms and vesicular lesions. Amongst the patients investigated for current hand eczema high risk individuals were overrepresented. It was claimed in 92.3% of the cases that trivial irritant factors had elicited the current episodes of hand eczema. In 35% of the cases the exposure to the irritant took place largely at home. Although contact sensitivity and contact urticaria were fairly common, they mostly seemed to be of minor importance in the etiology of the current hand eczema. Staphylococcus aureus colonized eczematous lesions of the hands in 18/20 patients. The density exceeded 105 colony forming units/cm2 in 15/20 patients. Only three of these patients showed signs of clinical infection. Successful topical treatment with a potent corticosteroid significantly reduced the colonization of S. aureus.Härtill 4 uppsatser
digitalisering@umu
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Bruce, A., I. E. Pacey, J. A. Bradbury, A. J. Scally, and B. T. Barrett. "Bilateral changes in foveal structure in individuals with amblyopia." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5894.
Full textAbstract:
PURPOSE: To examine foveal structure in amblyopia using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTROLS: Two subject groups were recruited to the study: 85 amblyopes (34 adults, 51 children) and 110 visually normal controls (44 adults, 66 children). METHODS: A detailed eye examination, including an SD-OCT scan, was performed in all participants. A total of 390 eyes of 195 subjects were imaged using a 3-dimensional (3D) macula scan covering a nominal 6 x 6-mm area with a resolution of 256 x 256 (65,536 axial scans). Data from the B-scans bisecting the fovea both horizontally and vertically were fitted with a mathematical model of the fovea to determine a range of foveal parameters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Foveal thickness, foveal pit depth, and foveal pit slope. RESULTS: Bilateral differences between the eyes of amblyopes compared with visually normal controls were found. The difference between foveal structure in amblyopic participants relative to structure in subjects with normal vision persisted even when variables such as age, ethnicity, axial length, and sex were taken into account. Amblyopes showed increased foveal thickness (+8.31 mum; P = 0.006) and a reduction in pit depth in the horizontal meridian (-10.06 mum; P = 0.005) but not in the vertical meridian (P = 0.082) when compared with subjects with normal vision. Foveal pit slopes were found to be approximately 1 degree flatter in the nasal (P = 0.033) and temporal (P = 0.014) meridians in amblyopes, but differences between amblyopes and controls in the superior (P = 0.061) and inferior (P = 0.087) meridians did not reach statistical significance. No statistically significant interocular differences were found in the foveal structure between amblyopic and fellow eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Differences were found in the foveal structure in both eyes of amblyopes compared with subjects with normal vision. These differences consisted of increased foveal thickness, reduced pit depth when measured along the horizontal meridian, and flattening of the nasal and temporal sides of the foveal pit.
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Friant, Nathanaël. "Vers une école plus juste : Entre description, compréhension et gestion du système." Phd thesis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752087.
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Peut-on dire que l'école est injuste? Peut-elle être plus juste ? Comment la perçoivent ses usagers ? Ces questions peuvent sembler simples. Elles sont d'une redoutable complexité. Cette thèse, s'appuyant sur plusieurs travaux de recherche auxquels l'auteur a collaboré, aborde ces questions sous l'angle de la description du système éducatif, de la compréhension de la manière dont les acteurs perçoivent le système et ses injustices, et de la gestion du système pour davantage de justice. La première partie de la thèse, après une revue de la littérature sur les théories de la justice et leur application à l'éducation, se centre sur la description des mécanismes à l'œuvre dans la création d'inégalités injustes, relevant en particulier de la ségrégation socio-économique entre établissements scolaires. La seconde partie tente de répondre à la question de savoir que mettre en œuvre pour rendre l'école plus juste, d'une part en passant en revue les politiques d'éducation prioritaires existantes et leur évaluation, et d'autre part en présentant la démarche prospective mise en œuvre dans plusieurs recherches tentant de déterminer " ce qui pourrait marcher ". Enfin, la troisième partie prend le point de vue des usagers de l'école en posant la question de savoir si les élèves se sentent traités de manière juste par le système éducatif.