Relevant bibliographies by topics / Individual Prospective

Academic literature on the topic 'Individual Prospective'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Individual Prospective"

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Cherry, Katie E., and Denny C. LeCompte. "Age and individual differences influence prospective memory." Psychology and Aging 14, no. 1 (1999): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.14.1.60.

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Bisson, Nicolas, and Simon Grondin. "A New Perspective on the Relationships between Individual Factors and Time Estimates." Timing & Time Perception 8, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-20191160.

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Despite its abundant literature, the timing research field does not offer any comparison of prospective and retrospective time estimates emerging from a within-subjects design. Likewise, the relationships between these estimates and individual factors, within such a design, have never been investigated. The present study addresses these issues. Ninety-two participants retrospectively and prospectively estimated the duration of an Internet surfing task and completed several questionnaires (e.g., personality). Results showed that (a) prospective time estimates were longer than retrospective ones for only 58% of the participants and (b) the relationships between individual factors and time estimates differed as a function of the fact that a participant had or not a longer prospective time estimate. The discussion explains the methodological, theoretical and practical impacts emerging from this new method for studying the relationships between individual factors and time estimates in daily life-like situations.
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Smith, Rebekah E., Deborah Persyn, and Patrick Butler. "Prospective Memory, Personality, and Working Memory." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 219, no. 2 (January 2011): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000055.

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Prospective memory (PM) involves remembering to perform an action in the future. The current study applies a multinomial model to investigate the contribution of individual differences in personality, as well as individual differences in working memory (WM) span, to performance in an event-based PM task. The model includes a parameter P that measures the prospective component, or remembering that something is to be done. The model also includes a parameter M that measures the ability to discriminate between target and non-target events, part of the retrospective component of PM tasks. The model has been applied to investigate the effects of WM variability in just one prior study, but has not been used in previous investigations of personality and PM. WM span and the personality dimension of conscientiousness showed differences between the higher and lower groups in PM performance. Modeling results showed that individuals higher in conscientiousness had higher estimate of M relative to individuals lower on the conscientiousness dimension. Conscientiousness did not affect the P parameter. In contrast, individuals with higher WM span scores had higher estimates of P relative to individuals with lower span scores, but the two WM groups did not differ in terms of parameter M.
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Güryay, Berna. "Individual Variables, Attitudes towards English and Being a Teacher: A study on Prospective Teachers." International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2016.02.002.

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Ball, B. Hunter, Justin B. Knight, Michael R. Dewitt, and Gene A. Brewer. "Individual Differences in the Delayed Execution of Prospective Memories." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 66, no. 12 (December 2013): 2411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2013.785576.

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Zuber, Sascha, Matthias Kliegel, and Andreas Ihle. "An individual difference perspective on focal versus nonfocal prospective memory." Memory & Cognition 44, no. 8 (June 28, 2016): 1192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-016-0628-5.

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Rozenova, Marina I. "INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SOURCES OF LIFE EXPECTANCY: CURRENT AND PROSPECTIVE STUDIES." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Psychology), no. 4 (2019): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-7235-2019-4-71-90.

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Malchaire, J. "Evaluation of the individual risk of hearing loss: prospective study." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 59, no. 4 (May 1987): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00405279.

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Suga, H., Y. Yasumura, T. Nozawa, S. Futaki, Y. Igarashi, and Y. Goto. "Prospective prediction of O2 consumption from pressure-volume area in dog hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 252, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): H1258—H1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.252.6.h1258.

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Systolic pressure-volume area (PVA) is the area circumscribed by the end-systolic pressure-volume (PV) line, the end-diastolic PV curve, and the systolic PV trajectory of the ventricle. PVA represents the total mechanical energy generated by ventricular contraction. Myocardial O2 consumption (VO2) linearly correlates with PVA under different pre- and afterloads in the dog left ventricle. The linear VO2-PVA relation parallel shifts with changes in contractility index Emax. We have retrospectively obtained VO2 = A X PVA + B . Emax + C, where A, B, and C are regression coefficients. We used this equation to prospectively predict VO2 from measured PVA and Emax in a new group of dog left ventricles. Coefficient of determination (CD) of measured VO2 from predicted VO2 was 0.86 +/- 0.09 (SD) in individual hearts, but decreased to 0.72 when data of the five hearts were pooled. These prospective CDs in individual hearts and all hearts were smaller than retrospective CDs in the individual hearts (0.90 +/- 0.06). Inter-individual variations of A,B, and C caused the lower prospective predictability.
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Grundgeiger, Tobias, Penelope M. Sanderson, and R. Key Dismukes. "Prospective Memory in Complex Sociotechnical Systems." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 222, no. 2 (January 2014): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000171.

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An important cognitive function is the ability to remember to execute future tasks, a capability known as prospective memory (PM). Workers in complex sociotechnical systems such as healthcare and aviation face many PM challenges and forgetting tasks can have severe consequences. Although researchers have made progress in understanding how individuals remember future tasks, system-level support for PM has seldom been addressed. In the present paper, we briefly review PM research in healthcare and aviation, focusing on naturalistic studies using expert workers, and we present the concept of distributed prospective memory, which incorporates the interaction between the environment and the individual when future tasks must be remembered. PM in sociotechnical settings is a complex process involving human and nonhuman agents. Therefore, a systems approach is needed to fully understand PM processes, thus supporting workers and eventually minimizing errors and increasing safety.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Individual Prospective"

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Sahu, Aparna A. "Individual Differences in Prospective Memory: The Roles of Handedness and Interhemispheric Interaction." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1289845482.

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Martin, Jessie D. "Cognitive control and prospective memory performance: A mediation approach." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54324.

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The majority of memory research, and research on its cognitive underpinnings has thus far focused on retrospective memory, or memory for things learned or rehearsed in the past. More recently, however, prospective memory, or the memory for future intentions, has become a major area of research. It is theorized that prospective and retrospective memory may both rely on similar constituent parts such as working memory and selective attention; the relationship between these constructs and prospective memory is, however, significantly less clear than for retrospective memory. In this study we sought to further clarify the role that cognitive process play in prospective memory performance using an SEM approach that included monitoring as a mediating variable in addition to focal, non-focal, and time-based prospective memory task condition. Results suggest a monitoring component is important in both focal and non-focal conditions, and that the type of monitoring observed in this study is related primarily to proactive interference, and reflects participants’ ability to disengage from no longer relevant stimuli¬¬¬.
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Azzopardi, Barbara. "Le vieillissement de la mémoire prospective : mécanismes cognitifs sous-jacents et possibilités d’intervention cognitives." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20049/document.

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La mémoire prospective est une fonction cognitive complexe sollicitée quotidiennement en particulier chez les personnes âgées qui sont, par exemple, fréquemment amenées à se souvenir de prendre un traitement médicamenteux. Cette thèse conduite dans une perspective différentielle était guidé par deux objectifs. Le premier était d’identifier les mécanismes cognitifs sous-tendant le déclin lié à l’âge à des tâches de laboratoire et à des tâches naturelles de mémoire prospective. Le second était d’étudier les possibilités d’amélioration de la mémoire prospective chez la personne âgée. Quatre études ont donc été conduites auprès de personnes âgées. Les deux premières études ont permis d’avoir une meilleure compréhension des effets du vieillissement sur la mémoire prospective en mettant en évidence le rôle médiateur de la mémoire rétrospective et du contrôle exécutif dans le déclin lié à l’âge de la mémoire prospective. La troisième étude a notamment montré que les personnes âgées semblent spontanément compenser certaines difficultés de mémoire prospective en ayant recours à des aides mnésiques externes. Ces trois études nous ont permis d’élaborer et de tester l’effet d’un programme d’intervention, visant à améliorer la mémoire prospective, basé sur le renforcement de la mémoire rétrospective, du contrôle exécutif et de certaines connaissances méta-mnésiques. Les résultats n’ont pas mis en évidence d’effet de l’intervention. Ces résultats suggèrent que des interventions individualisées ciblées sur des difficultés spécifiques seraient peut-être plus adaptées que des interventions destinées à améliorer le fonctionnement global de la mémoire prospective de la personne âgée
Prospective memory is a complex cognitive function requested to remember a planned action. For example, this function is particularly important in elderly people to remember taking medication at the appropriate time. Two key objectives were pursued in an interindividual differences approach. The first goal was to have a better understanding of prospective memory in aging people. Thus, we wanted to identify the cognitive mechanisms underlying the age-related decline in laboratory and naturalistic prospective memory tasks. The second goal was to estimate how prospective memory can be improved in elderly people. To that end, we performed four studies using samples of aging people. The results of the two first studies indicated that retrospective memory and executive control processes mediate the relation between age and prospective memory. In the third study, the results showed that elderly people compensated spontaneously some of their prospective memory problems using external memory aids. These studies allowed us to develop and to test a cognitive intervention program based on the reinforcement of retrospective memory, executive control processes, and metacognitive knowledge. The results indicated any effect of the intervention program on prospective memory performance. These suggest that individualized cognitive interventions focused on specific prospective memory problems would be more suitable than interventions designed to improve the global functioning of prospective memory in elderly people
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Pennells, Lisa. "Assessing predictive ability using individual participant time to event data from multiple prospective studies : application to cardiovascular disease risk prediction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609800.

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Murphy, Megan J. "Sexual Assault-specific Bystander Behavior: Accounting for Opportunity in a Prospective Analysis of the Effects of Individual, Social Norms, and Situational Variables." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1389008840.

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Marchand, Erica J. 1977. "Predicting when adolescent risky sexual behavior does not co-occur with other problem behaviors: A prospective study of family, peer, and individual factors." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11160.

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xvi, 108 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Risky sexual behavior (RSB) places adolescents at risk for unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection, and research is needed to understand the predictors of adolescent RSB and targets for future intervention. The current study used the social contextual model of problem behavior development to examine family, peer, and individual influences on adolescents' sexual behavior and the relationship between RSB and other problem behaviors. Data were previously collected from 998 adolescents and their families. First, I examined the level of agreement between adolescents' and parents' perceptions of family relationships, parental monitoring, and adolescents' friendships and which perceptions were more strongly related to adolescent problem behavior. Pearson bivariate correlations between parent and adolescent perceptions were small. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that adolescent report was a better predictor of problem behavior than was parent report. Second, I assessed whether positive family relations, parental monitoring, family conflict, and parent-adolescent communication about sex in earlier adolescence were related to RSB in later adolescence. Structural equation modeling results suggested that the timing and frequency of parent-adolescent communication about sex and parent monitoring in earlier adolescence were related to RSB in later adolescence among the sample as a whole; results varied somewhat by gender. Third, I examined participants' membership in four risk behavior groups in late adolescence (low problem behavior, RSB only, substance use only, and RSB plus substance use), identified family, peer, and individual factors that differentiated teens in each group, and explored differences by sex and ethnicity. Females were more likely than males to report engaging in a combination of RSB and patterned substance use, and African Americans of both sexes were more likely than European Americans to report engaging in RSB in the absence of other behaviors. The variable that most reliably distinguished among risk groups for both males and females was friend drug use in late adolescence. Discussion considers reasons for these findings and highlights the roles of parent monitoring, parent-adolescent communication about sex, and gender and sociocultural factors in RSB prevention.
Committee in charge: Ellen McWhirter, Chairperson, Counseling Psychology and Human Services; Joe Stevens, Member, Educational Methodology, Policy, and Leadership; Elizabeth Stormshak, Member, Counseling Psychology and Human Services; Anthony Biglan, Member, Not from U of O; Yvonne Braun, Outside Member, Sociology
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Altgassen, Mareike, Anett Kretschmer, and Matthias Kliegel. "Task Dissociation in Prospective Memory Performance in Individuals With ADHD." Sage, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35645.

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Objective: The present study investigated, for the first time, event- and time-based prospective memory (PM) in the same sample of adults with ADHD within one paradigm using parallel task constraints. Method: A total of 25 individuals with ADHD and 25 matched neurotypical controls completed a computerized version of the Dresden Breakfast Task, which required participants to prepare breakfast following a set of rules and time restrictions. Results: Although groups did not differ in event-based PM, results demonstrated a large-sized impairment in individuals with ADHD in time-based PM. Conclusion: Findings suggest a task-specific impairment in PM functioning and are discussed in an executive control framework of neurocognitive functioning in ADHD. (J. of Att. Dis. 2014; 18(7) 617-624)
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Hermann, Bertrand. "Nouvelles approches diagnostiques et thérapeutiques pour les patients souffrant de troubles de la conscience Wisdom of the caregivers: pooling individual subjective reports to diagnose states of consciousness in brain-injured patients, a monocentric prospective study Unexpected good outcome in severe cerebral fat embolism syndrome." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS638.

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Le diagnostic et le traitement des troubles de conscience est complexe. Dans ce travail, nous avons i) introduit une nouvelle échelle comportementale pour mesurer l’état de conscience, fondée sur l’intelligence collective, ii) validé la mesure de l’indice métabolique du PET au fluorodeoxyglucose comme étant l’une des meilleures techniques de neuroimagerie pour le diagnostic de l’état de conscience minimale (ECM), et iii) mis au point un signe clinique d’ECM nouveau et fiable, l’habituation du réflexe de sursaut au bruit. Ces résultats sont en faveur de la réinterprétation de l’ECM comme étant un état médié par le cortex. Par ailleurs, l’investigation des effets comportementaux et électrophysiologiques de la stimulation électrique transcrânienne en courant continu (tDCS) préfrontale chez les patients souffrant de troubles de la conscience nous a permis de mettre en évidence un effet authentique et direct de la stimulation sur la conscience, agissant via la modulation de l’activité corticale et de la connectivité cortico-corticale résiduelle. Enfin, dans le but de développer de nouveaux paradigmes de stimulation, influencés par la théorie, nous avons utilisé la tDCS et la stimulation électrique transcranienne en courant alternatif (tACS) chez des sujets sains pour tester des prédictions de la théorie de l’espace de travail neuronal global lors d’une tâche visuelle d’accès conscient, avec des effets hétérogènes. Au total, nos résultats plaident pour l’investigation systématique des effets de la stimulation sur l’activité cérébrale et pour le développement de procédures de stimulation plus efficaces et ciblées
Accurate diagnosis and treatment of consciousness disorders (DoC) remains a challenging issue. In this work, we introduced a new behavioral scale for DoC capitalizing on the wisdom of the crowd phenomenon, we validated the FDG-PET metabolic index of the best preserved hemisphere as one of the best neuro-imaging technique for minimally conscious state (MCS) diagnosis and proposed a new and reliable clinical sign of MCS, the habituation of auditory startle reflex. In addition to enriching and refining our repertoire of diagnostic procedures available for DoC diagnosis, our results support the interpretation of the generic and elusive MCS as a cortically-mediated state, which reflects the preservation of activity within specialized cortical networks and could include both conscious and non-conscious states. On the therapeutic side, by investigating the effects of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on behavior and brain activity of patients suffering from DoC, we provided evidence for a genuine and direct cortical effect of the stimulation on consciousness through the modulation of residual cortical activity and cortico-cortical connectivity. Finally, in an attempt to develop theory-driven stimulation paradigms, we used tDCS and transcranial alternative stimulation to test predictions of the global neuronal workspace theory on conscious access in healthy subjects, with heterogeneous stimulation responses. Taken together, our results advocate for the systematic investigation of stimulation effect on brain activity and for the future development of more powerful and targeted stimulation procedures
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Griffiths, A. "Prospective memory and future event simulation in individuals with alcohol dependence." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1324503/.

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This major research project focuses on the possible influence that chronic substance use may have on prospective memory (PM) ability. Part one consists of a literature review examining the associations between recreational substance use and impairments in PM. This identifies 24 studies from 23 publications examining PM ability in recreational substance users. Although PM impairments are reported by most, the review highlights a number of methodological weaknesses in the existing body of research. These include an over-reliance on self report PM measures, the use of inadequate objective assessments, and limitations in internal and external validity. Suggestions are made for how methodological limitations may be overcome in future work. Part two is an empirical paper which describes a study that aimed to overcome the limitations highlighted in part one. This compared the performance of an alcohol dependent group to that of an age and premorbid ability matched control group, on an objective PM measure called the Virtual Week. It was found that the event based PM performance of alcohol dependents was strongly associated with indices of both alcohol usage and severity of alcohol dependence, and significantly impaired compared to that of controls. Furthermore, an imagining technique improved controls’ time based PM, but did not improve alcohol dependents’ PM. These findings are discussed in terms of the relevance of strategy application to successful PM functioning, and the implications this may hold for clinical practice. Part three consists of a critical appraisal of the research process, which explains why various methodological choices were made and how particular challenges were overcome as they arose. Certain conceptual issues are also reflected upon and their relevance to future research discussed.
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Grilli, Matthew Dennis. "Self-Imagining, Recognition Memory, and Prospective Memory in Memory-Impaired Individuals with Neurological Damage." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193396.

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The present study investigated the reliability and robustness of a new mnemonic strategy - self-imagination - in a group of memory-impaired individuals with neurological damage. Despite severe memory deficits, almost all of the participants demonstrated a self-imagination effect (SIE) for recognition memory in study 1. Moreover, the ability to benefit from self-imagination was not affected by the severity of the memory deficit. In study 3, more than half of the participants showed a SIE on a task of event-based prospective memory. The data from study 2 suggest the SIE is not attributable to semantic processing or emotional processing and indicate that self-imagination is distinct from other mnemonic strategies. Overall the findings from the present study implicate self-imagination as a new and effective mnemonic strategy. The data also indicate that when it comes to memory there is something special about processing information in relation to the self.
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Books on the topic "Individual Prospective"

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A, Savage Arline, ed. U.S. individual federal income taxation: Historical, contemporary, and prospective policy issues. Amsterdam: JAI, 2001.

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Fischer, Urs. Urs Fischer: Espace trois-cent-quinze, création contemporaine et prospective. Paris: Centre Pompidou, 2004.

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United States. Health Care Financing Administration. Office of Research and Demonstrations. Report to Congress: Identifying individuals at risk of institutionalization. Baltimore, Md.]: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Health Care Financing Administration, Office of Research and Demonstrations, 1987.

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Hogan, Christopher. Patterns of travel for rural individuals hospitalized in New York state: Relationships between distance, destination, and casemix. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment, 1989.

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Hogan, Christopher. Patterns of travel for rural individuals hospitalized in New York state: Relationships between distance, destination, and case mix. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment, 1988.

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United States. Congress. Senate. A bill to provide for home and community-based services for individuals with disabilities, and for other purposes. [Washington, D.C.?]: [United States Government Printing Office], 1997.

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United States. Congress. Senate. A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide for an additional payment for services provided to certain high-cost individuals under the prospective payment system for skilled nursing facility services, and for other purposes. Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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La société invisible. Québec, Qué: Les Presses de l'Université Laval, 2012.

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Naber, Sarah Joan. A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF WOMEN WHO INTENDED TO COMBINE BREASTFEEDING AND WORKING. 1987.

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II, Anthony J. Cataldo, and Arline A. Savage. US Individual Federal Income Taxation: Historical, Contemporary, and Prospective Policy Issues (Studies in Managerial and Financial Accounting). JAI Press, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Individual Prospective"

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Klusmann, Uta. "Individual Characteristics of Prospective Teachers." In Cognitive Activation in the Mathematics Classroom and Professional Competence of Teachers, 311–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5149-5_15.

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Neuhauser, Gerhard. "Development of Infants “At Risk” and Psychosocial Conditions: Results of a Prospective Study." In Early Influences Shaping The Individual, 193–206. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5634-9_17.

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Zhang, P., M. Woodward, J. Shen, and Y. Wu. "Individual Disability-Adjusted Life Year: A Summary Health Outcome Indicator Used for Prospective Studies." In Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures, 425–36. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_24.

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Berg, Jana. "Which Person Is Presumed to Fit the Institution? How Refugee Students’ and Practitioners’ Discursive Representations of Successful Applicants and Students Highlight Transition Barriers to German Higher Education." In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade, 211–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_15.

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Abstract During recent years, German higher education institutions implemented a variety of support programs for refugees on their way to higher education. This newly highlighted questions of widening participation and informal as well as formal access barriers to higher education. This paper looks into discourses on successful students as a form of knowledge that implicitly highlights transition barriers to higher education. The qualitative study is based on expert interviews with teachers, program coordinators and student counsellors as well as interviews with prospective refugee students in a case study of a preparatory college (‘Studienkolleg’) and a university in a case study of one city in Germany. They are analysed using Keller’s (Forum qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum Qualitative Social Research 8(2), Art. 19:1–32, 2007) approach to discourse analysis. The paper describes personal, institutional and structural characteristics of ideal higher education transitions. Institutional presuppositions and assumptions about individual characteristics, the social organisation of time, academic practices and knowledges as well as discursively represented norms are discussed as crucial factors influencing higher education transitions. The paper ends with a working hypothesis on the influence of discourses on transitions and recommends that institutional settings should develop more awareness of and adapt to diverse applicants and students in order to widen access to higher education.
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Schmidt, Robert M., Meiwen Wu, and George Z. Williams. "Health Watch: A Longitudinal Prospective Study of Healthy Aging in 2200 Individuals." In Biomedical Advances in Aging, 163–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0513-2_14.

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Marcus, Pamela M. "Observational Research Designs." In Assessment of Cancer Screening, 79–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94577-0_7.

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AbstractObservational studies do not dictate the cancer screening regimens that their study subjects utilize. Instead, these studies collect data on individuals’ cancer screening practices, cancer outcomes, and other factors if needed. Because no regimens are dictated, an observational study can capture information about and evaluate a variety of cancer screening practices, including use of different tests or cancer screening regimens. Observational studies can be retrospective or prospective in nature, with the distinction dependent on how and when individuals are chosen for study inclusion. Observational studies provide weaker evidence than experimental studies because observational studies are subject to confounding. Confounding occurs when a third factor is associated with both the cancer screening practice and cause-specific mortality, meaning that the third factor is not equally present among groups of individuals with different cancer screening practices and is not equally present among groups of individuals with different cancer outcomes.
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Berchtold, André, and Paolo Ghisletta. "Synthesis: Combining Methods for the Analysis of Vulnerability Processes Across the Life Course." In Withstanding Vulnerability throughout Adult Life, 413–24. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4567-0_25.

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AbstractThe analysis of vulnerability processes throughout life implies several methodological difficulties. In this review chapter, we look back on more than 10 years of methodological innovations developed within the NCCR LIVES. Concerning data collection issues, although the prospective survey remains the gold standard for obtaining longitudinal data, retrospective data collected through specially adapted tools such as life calendars allow for a rapid completion of data sequences. Moreover, alternative sampling schemes based on network methods can reach individuals not likely to be included in traditional probabilistic samples. This also requires the development and use of more global data collection modes, combining qualitative and quantitative data, and allowing participants to respond in the manner best suited to their specific situations and capacities. What is true regarding data collection is also a requirement for data analysis: it is often essential to combine the strengths of different analytical tools such as traditional longitudinal analyses and survival analysis, the aim being to study the occurrence of specific events without losing sight of an individual’s prior trajectories over their life course. Finally, the chapter also addresses the issues of multichannel analyses and missing data.
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Jopp, Daniela S., Charikleia Lampraki, Davide Morselli, Hans-Jörg Znoj, Jeannette Brodbeck, Dario Spini, and Pasqualina Perrig-Chiello. "Vulnerability and Resilience After Partner Loss Through Divorce and Bereavement: Contributions of the LIVES ‘Intimate partner loss study’." In Withstanding Vulnerability throughout Adult Life, 91–108. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4567-0_6.

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AbstractCritical life events, such as partner loss, in the second half of life pose a significant threat to well-being. Divorce and bereavement have negative consequences for mental and physical health, identity, social relationships and financial adequacy, among others, which can lead to loss of resources and trigger vulnerability. The LIVES “Intimate Partner Loss Study” investigates adaptation to these critical life events in later life, that is also challenged by age-related changes. Specifically, the focus of this study lied on the investigation of patterns of adaptation and their characteristics, considering different types of resources (e.g., intimate partner, personality traits), personal growth, and accumulation and persistence of disadvantage (e.g., critical life events across the life course). It is a prospective longitudinal study (3 waves of data collection) that was conducted in the French and German-speaking parts of Switzerland from 2012 to 2016. The sample consisted of 963 separated or divorced individuals, 563 widow(er)s, and 1279 continuously married individuals (more than 15 years), who served as a reference group. Results highlighted the different adaptation patterns to later life divorce and bereavement regarding timing, coping mechanisms, and resilience, and furthermore identified individuals who became more vulnerable after the critical partner loss events. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Ball, Hunter, Anne Vogel, and Gene A. Brewer. "Individual differences in prospective memory." In Prospective Memory, 116–34. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351000154-8.

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"Individual Prospective Mathematics Teachers." In International Handbook of Mathematics Teacher Education: Volume 3, 11–34. Brill | Sense, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789087905491_003.

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Conference papers on the topic "Individual Prospective"

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Stepanov, Ilya. "RUSSIAN STOCK MARKET: PROSPECTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIVIDUAL INVESTMENT." In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/hb11/s03.091.

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Lizunkov, Vladislav, Elena Malushko, and Alexander Lebedev. "Prospective systems and training models." In Proceedings of the 1st International Scientific Practical Conference "The Individual and Society in the Modern Geopolitical Environment" (ISMGE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ismge-19.2019.80.

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Yuping, Zhou, Petra Jílková, Chen Guanyu, and David Weisl. "New Methods of Customer Segmentation and Individual Credit Evaluation Based on Machine Learning." In “New Silk Road: Business Cooperation and Prospective of Economic Development” (NSRBCPED 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200324.170.

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Parmera, Jacy, Artur Coutinho, Isabel Almeida, Camila Carneiro, Carla Ono, Adalberto Studart-Neto, Egberto Barbosa, Carlos Buchpiguel, Ricardo Nitrini, and Sonia Brucki. "CORTICOBASAL SYNDROME: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CLINICAL PROFILES AND IMAGING BIOMARKERS." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda010.

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Background: Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is neurodegenerative disorder related to multiple underlying pathologies. Objective: To investigated if dividual FDG-PET patterns could distinguish CBS due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from other pathologies based on [11C]Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB)-PET. Methods: Forty-five patients with probable CBS were prospectively evaluated. They underwent FDG-PET and were divided into groups: related to AD (CBS FDG-AD) or non-AD (CBS FDG-nonAD). Thirty patients underwent PIB-PET on a PET-MRI to assess their amyloid status. FDG and PIB-PET were classified individually on visual analysis, and PET-MRI quantitative group analyses were performed. Results: CBS FDG-AD group (33.3%) showed worse cognitive performances, displayed more myoclonus and hallucinations. CBS FDG-nonAD group (66.7%) presented more dystonia, ocular motor dysfunction, perseveration, and dysarthria. All CBS FDG-AD patients tested positive at PIB-PET compared to 3 out of 20 in the non-AD group. The individual FDG-PET classification had 76.92% of sensitivity, 100% of specificity and 88.5% of accuracy to detect positive PIB-PET scans. Individuals with positive and negative PIB-PET showed hypometabolism in temporoparietal areas and in thalamus and brainstem, respectively, disclosing metabolic signatures. Conclusion: CBS is mainly distinguished by two variants (AD and non-AD), with different cognitive profiles and possibly motor features. FDG-PET was useful depicting their specific degeneration patterns and brain amyloid deposition.
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Kuşcu, Sinan. "European Union, Eurasian Transportation Policies and Prospective Effects on Region Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00504.

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Accessibility is assumed as one of the most important indicators of a modern and advanced society. EU has structuring and development models in issues like transportation, informatics, politics, education, justice etc. The EU member states conduct intensive studies in fields of importance in line with a state’s individual priorities. The fundamental purpose of these studies is to bolster social welfare of member states, to improve trade and to attain commercial advantages over the competitors like Pacific Nations and North America. EU’s Transportation Policies reflect the EU transportation sector’s standards in general. In this study, we will discuss EU’s transportation policies, as a significant actor in the global economy, intended to attain some advantages in the international competition and particularly against Pacific nations as well as the effects of these policies on regional economies.
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Cybal-Michalska, Agnieszka. "A world of diverse opportunities – on the need for proactive career capital renewal in the globalizing society." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001852.

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Contemporary discourse on such issues as the quality of the globalizing world providing diverse opportunities, factors determining changes in the social system, and the condition of the human being seeking their place in the reality undergoing permanent change, is one of the most important research orientations. The contemporary social context opens up a wide range of opportunities for individuals to build their own careers. Thus, it seems justified to inquire about the proactivity in the career planning process and to determine whether and how an individual can be prepared to develop, manage, and monitor his/her career to ensure a satisfying experience of oneself and one’s place in the reality of the globalizing world. Contemporary career studies advocate taking into account the process of investing in career capital, the immanent characteristic of which is the subject’s orientation towards proactivity.What becomes an important feature of the individual’s mind is the prospective temporal orientation towards the following: the anticipation of events and their unintended effects, the ability to forecast and plan future actions and to assess the consequences, but above all, the ability to create future desired states of affairs, creating new options of participation and action. Undoubtedly, an important issue that requires inclusion in the course of a person’s life is career development and renewal of career capital. The research on careers means the study of both changes of individuals and changes of organizations, as well as transformations in society. In the discontinuous space-time and heterogeneous system of cultural meanings in the world of global change, career development and the formation of an individual’s own professional identity becomes a cognitive practice based on individual experimentation. The contemporary social configuration in which the search for identity has become a flexible point of reference opens up a range of numerous possibilities for an individual to create his/her own career in the course of life. Continuous development has become an inherent property of career capital renewal. The multiplicity, fragmentation, variability, and complexity, which characterize the organization of social life in the globalizing society, determine changes in the perception of career development and overcoming the tension between the experiences of the past and the possibilities of the future.
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Perez-Cornago, A. "OP04 Antioxidant biomarkers and risk of prostate cancer death: a collaborative analysis of individual participant data from 13 prospective studies." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.4.

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Sinclair, Martin, and Ioannis Raptis. "Implementation of a Large-Scale Actuator Network for Distributed Manipulation." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-6106.

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A class of cyber-physical systems that is gradually attracting increased scientific attention is Large-Scale Actuator Networks (LSAN). A prospective application of actuator networks is distributed manipulation. Distributed manipulation has the potential to become a game-changing technology in the area of industrial automation. To examine this class of systems, this paper presents a reactive elastic surface that autonomously morphs its shape by using a grid of linear actuators to transport an object into a target location. The combined action of the actuator grid overcomes the limitations of individual actuators, resulting in a system with multiple degrees-of-freedom. Experimental results illustrate the applicability of the platform.
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Deschasaux, M., C. Julia, L. Zelek, E. Kesse-Guyot, V. Gourlet, L. Lécuyer, C. Méjean, et al. "Abstract P4-13-01: Prospective association between breast cancer risk and an individual dietary index based on the British Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system." In Abstracts: 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 6-10, 2016; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p4-13-01.

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Coles, Garill A. "Prospective System Assessments Used to Enhance Patient Safety: Case Studies From a Collaboration of Engineers and Hospitals in Southwest Washington State." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42740.

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It is no secret that healthcare, in general, has become an increasingly complicated mixture of technical systems, complex processes and intricate skilled human interactions. Patient care processes have followed this same trend. The healthcare industry, itself, has acknowledged that it is fraught with high-risk and error prone processes and cite medication management systems, invasive procedures and diagnostic methods. Complexity represents opportunity for unanticipated events, process failures and undesirable outcomes. Traditionally when a patient care process fails, accountability was focused on the individual clinician error. However, increasing, healthcare is following the lead of other high-risk industries (e.g. chemical, aerospace, nuclear, etc.) that give attention to the characteristics the overall system that contribute to the failure. The focus has shifted to identification of systemic weaknesses and vulnerabilities. Increasing the healthcare industry is using prospective system assessment methods to evaluate the high-risk systems and processes. This paper describes results of collaboration between engineers and community hospitals in Southwest Washington State between 2002 and 2007 in applying prospective system assessment methods to a range of the high-risk healthcare systems and processes. The methods used are Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis and Probabilistic Risk Assessment. The two case studies presented are: 1) an interhospital FMEA on patient transfer and 2) a risk assessment of mental health patients who present themselves in a hospital Emergency Department.
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Reports on the topic "Individual Prospective"

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Gupta, Tejpal, Riddhijyoti Talukdar, Sadhana Kannan, Archya Dasgupta, Abhishek Chatterjee, and Vijay Patil. Meta-Analysis of Standard Temozolomide versus Extended Adjuvant Temozolomide following concurrent Radiochemotherapy in newly-diagnosed Glioblastoma (MASTER-G). INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0114.

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Review question / Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of extended adjuvant temozolomide compared to standard adjuvant temozolomide after concurrent radiochemotherapy in patients with newly-diagnosed glioblastoma. Condition being studied: Newly-diagnosed glioblastoma. Eligibility criteria: Prospective clinical trials randomly assigning patients to extended (>6-cycles) adjuvant TMZ (experimental arm) or standard (6-cycles) adjuvant TMZ will be included. Randomization in an individual study may have been done upfront before concurrent phase (RT/TMZ), after completion of concurrent RT/TMZ and before starting adjuvant phase, or after completion of standard adjuvant TMZ (6-cycles). Emulated RCTs, quasi-randomized trials, propensity matched analyses, non-randomized comparative studies, or observational studies will not be considered in this review.
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Carvalho, Rita, João Tavares, and Liliana Sousa. Instruments for assessing loneliness in older people in Portugal: a Scoping Review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0002.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map the instruments validate for the Portuguese older population (65+ years old) that assess loneliness; and to identify their psychometric properties and contexts where they have been in use. The questions for this scoping review are: What are the validated instruments for Portugal that assess loneliness in the older individuals? What are the psychometric properties of those instruments? In which contexts were the loneliness assessment instruments used? Eligibility criteria: Participants – This scoping review will consider all studies that included older adults with 65 years and over. Concept – This review will be included studies that assess loneliness or cover loneliness by validated instruments that address different dimensions, including, but not limited to, emotional or social. Context – This scoping review will consider studies that used validated instruments the loneliness in Portuguese older adults including, but not limited to the context of community, intermediate care, long-term care or acute care. Types of sources - This scoping review will consider quantitative and mixed-method studies. In the quantitative designs include experimental, quasi-experimental, observational and analytical observational studies including prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, and analytical cross-sectional studies will be considered for inclusion. This review will also consider descriptive observational study designs including case series, individual case reports, and descriptive cross-sectional studies for inclusion.
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Karam, Sofia, Morteza Nagahi, Vidanelage Dayarathna, Junfeng Ma, Raed Jaradat, and Michael Hamilton. Integrating systems thinking skills with multi-criteria decision-making technology to recruit employee candidates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41026.

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The emergence of modern complex systems is often exacerbated by a proliferation of information and complication of technologies. Because current complex systems challenges can limit an organization's ability to efficiently handle socio-technical systems, it is essential to provide methods and techniques that count on individuals' systems skills. When selecting future employees, companies must constantly refresh their recruitment methods in order to find capable candidates with the required level of systemic skills who are better fit for their organization's requirements and objectives. The purpose of this study is to use systems thinking skills as a supplemental selection tool when recruiting prospective employees. To the best of our knowledge, there is no prior research that studied the use of systems thinking skills for recruiting purposes. The proposed framework offers an established tool to HRM professionals for assessing and screening of prospective employees of an organization based on their level of systems thinking skills while controlling uncertainties of complex decision-making environment with the fuzzy linguistic approach. This framework works as an expert system to find the most appropriate candidate for the organization to enhance the human capital for the organization.
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Adams, Alexandra, Robert Byron, Bruce Maxwell, Susan Higgins, Margaret Eggers, Lori Byron, and Cathy Whitlock. Climate change and human health in Montana: a special report of the Montana Climate Assessment. Montana State University, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/c2h22021.

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The purpose of this assessment is to a) present understandable, science-based, Montana-specific information about the impacts of climate change on the health of Montanans; and b) describe how our healthcare providers, state leaders, communities, and individuals can best prepare for and reduce those impacts in the coming decades. This assessment draws from, and is an extension to, the 2017 Montana Climate Assessment (MCA1) (Whitlock et al. 2017), which provides the first detailed analysis of expected impacts to Montana’s water, forests, and agriculture from climate change. MCA explains historical, current, and prospective climate trends for the state based on the best-available science. The 2017 Montana Climate Assessment did not address the impact of climate change on the health of Montanans. This special report of the MCA fills that important knowledge gap; it represents a collaboration between climate scientists and Montana’s healthcare community and is intended to help Montanans minimize the impacts of climate on their health.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings:  Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed.  Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role.  Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory.  Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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