Academic literature on the topic 'INDIVIDUAL PERFECT'
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Journal articles on the topic "INDIVIDUAL PERFECT"
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Merritt, Stephanie M., Jennifer L. Unnerstall, Deborah Lee, and Kelli Huber. "Measuring Individual Differences in the Perfect Automation Schema." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 57, no. 5 (April 16, 2015): 740–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720815581247.
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Butakov, Pavel. "God and Individual Persons." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 15, no. 2 (2021): 966–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-2-966-977.
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The atheistic Hiddenness Argument contains a controversial premise that a perfectly loving God would love every single person. J. L. Schellenberg, the author of the Argument, claims that this premise is necessarily true. However, many ancient theologians would disagree with the truth of this premise. In this paper, I provide evidence of the variety of alternative theological views from antiquity concerning the proper object of perfect divine love. The list of alternatives includes 1) the whole humanity as a collective subject, 2) humanity as a universal, 3) divine image reflected in human beings, 4) the community of the faithful, 5) a chosen people. Based on the disagreement between Schellenberg and the ancient theologians concerning the proper object of perfect divine love, I argue that the aforementioned premise of the hiddenness argument, even if true, is not necessarily true. Therefore, the key premise of the hiddenness argument turns out to be without support, and the Argument turns out to be unsound.
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Griffiths, Gwen. "Individual and Societal Entropy in le Carré'sA Perfect Spy." Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction 31, no. 2 (January 1990): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00111619.1990.9934688.
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Rönnedal, Daniel. "Perfect Happiness." Symposion 8, no. 1 (2021): 89–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/symposion2021814.
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In this paper, I will develop a new theory of the nature of happiness, or “perfect happiness.” I will examine what perfect happiness is and what it is not and I will try to answer some fundamental questions about this property. According to the theory, which I shall call “the fulfillment theory,” perfect happiness is perfect fulfillment. The analysis of happiness in this paper is a development of the old idea that happiness is getting what you want and can be classified as a kind of desire-satisfaction theory. According to the fulfillment theory of happiness, it is necessarily the case that an individual x is perfectly happy if and only if all x’s wants are fulfilled. The interpretation of this basic definition is important, since the consequences of the particular version defended in this essay are radically different from the consequences of many other popular theories of happiness. The fulfillment theory is also quite different from most other desire-satisfaction theories of happiness. We will see that it has many interesting consequences and that it can be defended against some potentially serious counterarguments. The upshot is that the analysis of (perfect) happiness developed in the present paper is quite attractive.
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Herstein, Ori J. "Nobody’s Perfect: Moral Responsibility in Negligence." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 32, no. 1 (February 2019): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2019.5.
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Given the unwittingness of negligence, personal responsibility for negligent conduct is puzzling. After all, how is it that one is responsible for what one did not intend to do or was unaware that one was doing? How, therefore, is one’s agency involved with one’s negligence so as to ground one’s responsibility for it? Negligence is an unwitting failure in agency to meet a standard requiring conduct that falls within one’s competency. Accordingly, negligent conduct involves agency in that negligence is a manifestation of agency failure. Now, nobody’s perfect. Human agency is innately fallible, and a measure of agency failure is, therefore, unavoidable. The more one’s negligence manifests failure in one’s agency as an individual, the more one is responsible for it. In contrast, the more one’s negligence involves the shortcomings innate to all human agency the less responsible one becomes, because one’s agency as an individual is less and less involved in one’s failure. Determinative of the measure of individual and of human failings mixed into an instance of negligentphi-ing is the background quality of one’s agency at meeting one’s competency atphi-ing. That is, how able one is at delivering on what one is able to competently do. The more able, the less one’s occasional instances of negligence involve manifestations of failures of one’s agency as an individual—nobody’s perfect—and are more manifestations of one’s agency’s innate human fallibility, making one less and less responsible for one’s negligence.
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Datta, Pratim, Mark Whitmore, and Joseph K. Nwankpa. "A Perfect Storm." Digital Threats: Research and Practice 2, no. 2 (April 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3428157.
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In an age where news information is created by millions and consumed by billions over social media ( SM ) every day, issues of information biases, fake news, and echo-chambers have dominated the corridors of technology firms, news corporations, policy makers, and society. While multiple disciplines have tried to tackle the issue using their disciplinary lenses, there has, hitherto, been no integrative model that surface the intricate, albeit “dark” explainable AI confluence of both technology and psychology. Investigating information bias anchoring as the overarching phenomenon, this research proposes a theoretical framework that brings together traditionally fragmented domains of AI technology, and human psychology. The proposed Information Bias Anchoring Model reveals how SM news information creates an information deluge leading to uncertainty, and how technological rationality and individual biases intersect to mitigate the uncertainty, often leading to news information biases. The research ends with a discussion of contributions and offering to reduce information bias anchoring.
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Rajkumar, R. Vinodh. "Perfect Homeostasis: pH." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 10, no. 1 (February 11, 2022): 4111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2021.213.
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Physiotherapists, Dieticians, and Exercise professionals have much better scope to become trailblazers in the forthcoming years to revamp the public health system and set spectacular trends in interdisciplinary health care for the people. Meanwhile, they must scrupulously engage in research pursuits and the dissemination of advanced knowledge in health and disease. A macrocosm of research literature in all the medical super-specializations are currently available but they would go futile if they are not unified and channelized for holistic and equitable health care. Human health is attained or maintained by acquiring homeostasis to coordinate and control a wide range of physiologic parameters within Narrow Homeostatic Range (NHR) that encompasses body temperature, pH, blood glucose level, blood cholesterol level, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, etc., Homeostasis tightly regulates NHR of all the physiologic parameters to develop homeostatic competence. Homeostatic competence is quite impossible without all the physiologic parameters harmoniously integrating with each other and working in their respective NHR. Physiologic parameters in NHR can be called as homeostatic factors. Deviation of even one physiologic parameter from its NHR could lead to temporary or permanent health disturbance due to disrupted homeostasis. But diseases tend to arise as a result of disturbance in all the physiologic parameters at the same time, though some or many of them could go unnoticed in the contemporary diagnostic procedures or due to lack of appropriate diagnosis. The homeostatic competence (or perfect homeostasis) of individuals that resists non-communicable diseases could also help resisting infectious diseases or vice versa. If only the data of physiologic parameters responsible for preventing non-communicable diseases are available, the health care professionals should be able to get a standpoint about the immunologic fitness of an individual (immunocompetent or immunocompromised) or if only the data of physiologic parameters responsible for immunologic fitness are available, the health care professionals should be able to get a standpoint about an individual’s ability to resist non-communicable diseases. These postulates on homeostatic competence can be made irrefutable by carefully reviewing the literature to establish associations between various homeostatic factors and the versatile roles played by each homeostatic factor in (i) preventing infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases (ii) maintaining pH and (iii) ensuring perfect homeostasis. Advancing Estimation and Gradation of Immunologic Status (AEGIS) can also be constructed putting together all homeostatic factors. Under the beneficial ecological conditions and lifestyle, human body as a biochemical machine would strive to adapt and converge all the versatile efforts of homeostatic factors to create perfect homeostasis for itself in association with a NHR for pH. Undoubtedly, at any age, Homeostatic Excellence Actuates Life Through Health (HEALTH) is naturally possible. KEY WORDS: Homeostasis, pH, Acid-base balance, Exercise, Nutrition, Ageing, Immunity, Infections, Non-communicable diseases, Public health
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Barnes, William. "Forging More Perfect Unions." Journal of Bahá’í Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31581/jbs-5.1.437(1992).
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The author believes that, to avoid disintegration, social advances toward more inclusive political structures must be accompanied by a moral advance toward more universal values. This article discusses the three stages of humanity’s global political unification, as these are described in the Bahá’í writings: confederation, federation, and commonwealth. Since in the author’s view forms of government are outer expressions of inner levels of collective unified consciousness, each of these forms of government also marks a stage of humanity’s deepening inner unification. Of particular note is the discussion of the changing concept of competition. Competition has been the dynamic power behind humanity’s advance to this point. Competition will remain the driving power of advance, but, based on statements from the Bahá’í writings, the author argues that if human beings are to create a united world they must stop competing selfishly to obtain individual, national, or regional goals and, instead, compete selflessly to forge cooperative structures that will benefit all humanity.
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Griffith, Lauren E., Andrea Gruneir, Kathryn A. Fisher, Ross Upshur, Christopher Patterson, Richard Perez, Lindsay Favotto, Maureen Markle-Reid, and Jenny Ploeg. "The hidden complexity of measuring number of chronic conditions using administrative and self-report data: A short report." Journal of Comorbidity 10 (January 1, 2020): 2235042X2093128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2235042x20931287.
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Objective: To examine agreement between administrative and self-reported data on the number of and constituent chronic conditions (CCs) used to measure multimorbidity. Study Design and Setting: Cross-sectional self-reported survey data from four Canadian Community Health Survey waves were linked to administrative data for residents of Ontario, Canada. Agreement for each of 12 CCs was assessed using kappa ( κ) statistics. For the overall number of CCs, perfect agreement was defined as agreement on both the number and constituent CCs. Jackknife methods were used to assess the impact of individual CCs on perfect agreement. Results: The level of chance-adjusted agreement between self-report and administrative data for individual CCs varied widely, from κ = 5.5% (inflammatory bowel disease) to κ = 77.5% (diabetes), and there was no clear pattern on whether using administrative data or self-reported data led to higher prevalence estimates. Only 26.9% of participants had perfect agreement on the number and constituent CCs; 10.6% agreed on the number but not constituent CCs. The impact of each CC on perfect agreement depended on both the level of agreement and the prevalence of the individual CC. Conclusion: Our results show that measuring agreement on multimorbidity is more complex than for individual CCs and that even small levels of individual condition disagreement can have a large impact on the agreement on the number of CCs.
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PAULY, MARC. "ON THE COMPLEXITY OF COALITIONAL REASONING." International Game Theory Review 04, no. 03 (September 2002): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198902000677.
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Coalitional power in multistage processes is modeled using effectivity frames, which link an effectivity function to every possible state of the world. Effectivity frames are general enough to capture, e.g., what groups of agents can bring about in extensive games of perfect and almost perfect information. Coalition Logic is used to describe effectivity frames, and the question of generating an extensive game satisfying a given specification is formulated as a satisfiability problem in Coalition Logic. Using this logical reformulation, we show that the complexity of this implementation problem depends on two parameters: For coalitional specifications, the problem is shown to be PSPACE-complete. For individual specifications on the other hand, i.e., for specifications which only refer to the powers of individual agents, generating an implementation with perfect information is PSPACE-complete, whereas generating an implementation with almost perfect information is NP-complete.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "INDIVIDUAL PERFECT"
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Tunková, Martina. "Městské lázně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215713.
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Paixão, Ângela Carolina Castro. "Struggling to present a perfect body-image: exploring the pathways to disordered eating in young female athletes." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94490.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da EducaçãoA literatura tem descrito uma maior prevalência de perturbações alimentares em atletas de desportos estéticos do que em atletas de desportos não estéticos. No entanto, permanece por explorar os processos relacionados com a imagem corporal que podem estar envolvidos na adoção destes comportamentos alimentares perturbados. Além disso, os estudos que comparam os desportos estéticos e não estéticos não fazem distinção entre desportos individuais e coletivos. Este estudo compreende dois artigos, um com 142 atletas de desportos estéticos, no qual o principal objetivo é estudar quais os processos de regulação emocional relacionados com a imagem corporal que poderão explicar o comportamento alimentar perturbado. Um segundo artigo com 252 atletas de desportos estéticos e não estéticos, que tem como principal objetivo compreender as diferenças entre estes dois grupos tendo em conta a relação entre a vergonha e comportamento alimentar perturbado. Para o primeiro estudo foi realizado um modelo path para melhor explicar a relação entre a fusão cognitiva com a imagem corporal e o comportamento alimentar perturbado, através da mediação da autoapresentação perfecionista da imagem corporal. Este modelo explicou 71% do comportamento alimentar perturbado nas atletas de desportos estéticos. Este estudo sugere então que as raparigas de desportos estéticos que ficam enredadas com os seus pensamentos sobre a sua imagem corporal não têm necessariamente comportamentos e atitudes alimentares perturbados, ao invés disto, esta relação é dependente da necessidade que estas atletas têm de exibir uma imagem corporal perfeita aos outros. No segundo estudo, uma análise path foi realizada para melhor compreender a relação entre a vergonha e o comportamento alimentar perturbado. O modelo explicou 48% do comportamento alimentar perturbado. Além disso, a vergonha mostrou uma associação direta com a baixa perceção de performance, com a autoapresentação perfecionista da imagem corporal, bem como com o comportamento alimentar perturbado. Adicionalmente a relação entre a vergonha e o comportamento alimentar perturbado foi mediada pela baixa perceção de performance e pela autoapresentação perfecionista da imagem corporal. A análise multigrupos confirmou que o modelo foi invariante entre o grupo estético e não estético. Para além disso os dois grupos não apresentaram diferenças significativas na vergonha, na autoapresentação perfecionista e no comportamento alimentar perturbado. Este estudo sugere que independentemente da prática da prática de desportos estéticos ou não estéticos, os atletas de desportos individuais que experienciam maiores níveis de vergonha, tendem a ter maior comportamento alimentar perturbado. Assim parece que no contexto desportivo, as atletas raparigas esforçam-se por apresentar uma imagem corporal perfeita aos outros de forma a lidar com pensamentos (sobre a imagem corporal) e sentimentos (vergonha) desagradáveis. No entanto esta tentativa de alcançar um corpo perfeito é feita através de comportamentos e atitudes alimentares perturbados. Finalmente sugerimos o desenvolvimento de programas educacionais para atletas de desportos estéticos que visem ajudá-las a regular os seus processos emocionais relacionados com a imagem corporal. Para além disso, tendo em conta a natureza pública e individual da prática de desporto individual, programas específicos para estas atletas deverão ser também desenvolvidos. Assim, as atletas poderão lidar melhor com emoções dolorosas como a vergonha, assim como com as diferentes obrigações e expetativas do contexto desportivo.
The literature has described a higher prevalence of eating disorders in athletes from aesthetic sports than in athletes from non-aesthetic sports.However, it remains underexplored, the body image-related emotional processes that may be involved in the adoption of these eating disordered behaviors. Besides, studies comparing aesthetic and non-aesthetic sports make no distinction between individual and collective sports. This study comprised two articles, one with 142 athletes from aesthetic sports, in which the main aim was to study which body image-related emotional processes that may explain the engagement in disordered eating. The second article with 252 athletes from aesthetic and non-aesthetic sports that aims to understand the differences between the two groups, concerning the relationship between shame and disordered eating. For the first study, a path model was performed, to better explain the relationship between body image-related cognitive fusion and disordered eating, through the mediation of body image-related perfectionist self-presentation. The present model explained 71% of disordered eating in young athletes of aesthetic sports.This study then suggested that aesthetic athletic girls, who are enrolled with their thoughts about their body image, do not necessarily have disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors, instead, this relationship is dependent on the need that these athletes have to exhibit a perfect body image to others.In the second study, a path analysis was performed, to better understood the relationship between shame and disordered eating. The performed model explained 48% of disordered eating. Moreover, shame shows a direct association with unfavourable perception of performance, with body image-related perfectionist self-presentation, as well as with disordered eating. Additionally, the relationship between shame and disordered eating, was mediated by unfavourable perception of performance and body image-related perfectionist self-presentation. A multigroup analysis confirmed that model was invariant between aesthetic and non-aesthetic group. Moreover, the two groups did not present significant differences in shame, body image-related perfectionist self-presentation and in disordered eating. This study suggests that independently practice an aesthetic or non-aesthetic sport, athletes from individual sports who experience higher levels of shame, tend to have more disordered eating. Thus, it seems that in a sports context, athletes’ girls strive to present a perfect body image to others to deal with unpleasant thoughts (about body image) and feelings (shame). However, they try to achieve this perfect body through the endorsement of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Finally, we suggested the development of educational programs for aesthetic athletic girls to help them to regulate their emotional processes related to body image. Besides, regarding the public and individual exposition that occurs in individual sports, specific programs for these athletes should also be developed. Therefore, they can deal better with painful emotions, like shame, as well as, with the different demands and expectations in a sports context.
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HANSRAJ and BIJESH YADAV. "PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION." Thesis, 2023. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/20425.
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An optimisation algorithm based on the behaviors of social organisms is known as
particle swarm optimizatio (PSO).It represents a set of potential answers to an optimi sation issue as a swarm of moving particles in the parameter space. The performance of
the particles is guided by their own performance and the performance of their neighbors,
leading to an optimized solution. This thesis presents a study of the impact of boundary
conditions on the performance of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) through the use
of the invisible wall technique. The convergence behaviors of PSO are analyzed and its
application to discrete-valued problems and multi-objective optimization problems are
discussed. Additionally, practical applications of PSO are explored. We are solved linear
programming problems, transportation problem using Particle Swarm Optimization and
applying on a Data Set.
Books on the topic "INDIVIDUAL PERFECT"
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Perfect brilliant stillness: Beyond the individual self. Shelburne, Vt: Paragate Publishing, 2006.
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Byars, James Lee. The Perfect moment. Valéncia: Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria de Cultura, 1995.
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Robert, Mapplethorpe, Joselit David, Larson Kay, and University of Pennsylvania. Institute of Contemporary Art., eds. Robert Mapplethorpe: The perfect moment. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, 1989.
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Stefanie, Rosenkranz, ed. Perfect peace: The Palestinians--from Intifada to Intifada. Göttingen: Steidl, 2002.
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Zwanzig, Rebekah. An analysis of Ibn al-'Arabi's al-Insan al-Kamil, the Perfect Individual, with a brief comparison to the thought of Sir Muhammad Iqbal. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Dept. of Philosophy, 2008.
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Bennett, Phyllis. Our perfect example: Following God's ways : six studies for groups or individuals with notes for leaders. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, 1994.
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Klean, Ron. Clear Gout: A Perfect Guide to Patient and Individual. Independently Published, 2018.
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Rosenkranz, Stefani, and Kai Rosenkranz Stefani Wiedenhofer. Kai Wiedenhofer: Perfect Peace. Steidl, 2002.
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Mapplethorpe, Robert, Kay Larson, David Joselit, and Janet Kardon. Robert Mapplethorpe: The Perfect Moment. 2nd ed. Inst of Contemporary Art, 1988.
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Lacsamana, Rachael. Popular Movies Random Trivia Quiz : Perfect Movie Trivia Questions and Answers for Trivia Night: Individual Artists. Independently Published, 2021.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "INDIVIDUAL PERFECT"
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Fourny, Ghislain, Stéphane Reiche, and Jean-Pierre Dupuy. "Perfect Prediction Equilibrium." In The Individual and the Other in Economic Thought, 209–57. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge INEM advances in economic methodology: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315113258-15.
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Tomuschat, Christian. "The Illusion of Perfect Justice." In Remedies against Immunity?, 55–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_3.
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AbstractThe judgment of the Italian Constitutional Court (ItCC) of 22 October 2014 has set a bad precedent for international law by denying the implementation, within Italy, of the judgment of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) of 3 February 2012. The ICJ found that Italian courts and tribunals had violated German jurisdictional immunity by entertaining suits brought by Italian citizens against Germany on account of damages caused by war crimes committed during World War II by German occupation forces. According to a well-consolidated rule of general international law, no state may be sued before the courts of another state with regard to acts performed in the exercise of its sovereign power. In contravention of Article 94 of the UN Charter, the ItCC deemed it legitimate to discard that ruling because of the particularly grave character of many of the violations in question. It proceeded from the assumption that the right to a remedy established under the Italian Constitution was absolute and must apply even where the financial settlement of the consequences of armed conflict is at issue. However, it has failed to show the existence of any individual reparation claims and has omitted to assess the issue of war reparations owed by Germany in their broader complexity. The judgment of the ItCC might be used in the future as a pretext to ignore decisions of the World Court.
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Egli, Dennis B. "Crop management: principles and practices." In Applied crop physiology: understanding the fundamentals of grain crop management, 89–123. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245950.0004.
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Abstract This chapter discusses planting-seed quality, variety selection, plant population, planting date and row spacing. The goal of crop management is to create the perfect environment for the growth of the crop, where the perfect environment is characterized by the absence of stress or other factors that reduce crop growth and yield. This goal may be impossible or uneconomical to achieve, but that does not detract from its usefulness as a goal. The management practices discussed in this chapter are fundamental components of grain production systems that contribute to reaching the goal of the perfect environment. There are many management options available to an individual producer; selecting the best combination is not always easy and it may be constrained by factors outside the realm of the physiological processes controlling crop yield.
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Hill, Berkeley. "Markets and competition." In An introduction to economics: concepts for students of agriculture and the rural sector, 51–71. 5th ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620063.0004.
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Abstract Following an introduction into the functions of the price system and a general description of markets, this chapter examines three market models in more detail: first, perfect competition viewed from the levels of the individual agricultural producer and of the whole industry; secondly, monopoly; and thirdly, monopsony. The use of monopoly power in agriculture is discussed, as well as different types of price movements in agriculture.
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Aldridge, Matthew, and David Ellis. "Pooled Testing and Its Applications in the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Springer Actuarial, 217–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78334-1_11.
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AbstractWhen testing for a disease such as COVID-19, the standard method is individual testing: we take a sample from each individual and test these samples separately. An alternative is pooled testing (or ‘group testing’), where samples are mixed together in different pools, and those pooled samples are tested. When the prevalence of the disease is low and the accuracy of the test is fairly high, pooled testing strategies can be more efficient than individual testing. In this chapter, we discuss the mathematics of pooled testing and its uses during pandemics, in particular the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyse some one- and two-stage pooling strategies under perfect and imperfect tests, and consider the practical issues in the application of such protocols.
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Máñez Costa, María, and Dmitry V. Kovalevsky. "Weather and Climate Services to Support a Risk-Sharing Mechanism for Adaptation of the Agricultural Sector. A Theoretical Example for Drought-Prone Areas." In Springer Climate, 115–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86211-4_14.
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AbstractSharing the burden of adaptation is key for the agricultural sector in developing countries. For the agricultural sector in developing countries, the losses will go from 3% under 1.5 °C scenario to 7% under 2 °C scenario (Masson-Delmotte et al. 2018). This anticipated information on possible climate change-driven challenges possesses a big load in farmers management that might ex-ante stop investing because of the negative consequences of the scenarios presented. This situation could be even worse in subsistence farming system totally dependent on the yields. Crop insurances can be a good way to overcome some of the losses. In this paper, we present weather-based insurance schemes (WII), which are based on weather index objectively determined for the specific agricultural region, and therefore the individual loss assessment, which makes insurances too expensive, is not necessary. We present the results of decisions based on perfect and imperfect weather forecasts and conclude by offering insights in the difference of decision-making if a perfect forecast might be available or not and the consequences for farmers income.
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Loureiro, Maria L., and Maria Alló. "How to Value Public Science Employing Social Big Data?" In The Economics of Big Science, 93–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52391-6_13.
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Abstract Scientific discoveries can be classified as public goods. Arrow [1] discussed properties of knowledge that make it a public good; highlighting in particular, the fact that it cannot be depleted when shared, and once it is made public others cannot easily be excluded from its use. So, public good is a commodity or service that is provided without profit to all members of a society, either by the government or by a private individual or organization. Thus, a global public good is a public good that goes beyond borders, and CERN scientific output is the perfect example of a global public good.
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Hecker, Dirk, Angelika Voss, and Stefan Wrobel. "Data Ecosystems: A New Dimension of Value Creation Using AI and Machine Learning." In Designing Data Spaces, 211–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93975-5_13.
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AbstractMachine learning and artificial intelligence have become crucial factors for the competitiveness of individual companies and entire economies. Yet their successful deployment requires access to a large volume of training data often not even available to the largest corporations. The rise of trustworthy federated digital ecosystems will significantly improve data availability for all participants and thus will allow a quantum leap for the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence at all scales of companies and in all sectors of the economy. In this chapter, we will explain how AI systems are built with data science and machine learning principles and describe how this leads to AI platforms. We will detail the principles of distributed learning which represents a perfect match with the principles of distributed data ecosystems and discuss how trust, as a central value proposition of modern ecosystems, carries over to creating trustworthy AI systems.
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Kwiatkowska, Marta, Gethin Norman, David Parker, and Gabriel Santos. "Correlated Equilibria and Fairness in Concurrent Stochastic Games." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 60–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99527-0_4.
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AbstractGame-theoretic techniques and equilibria analysis facilitate the design and verification of competitive systems. While algorithmic complexity of equilibria computation has been extensively studied, practical implementation and application of game-theoretic methods is more recent. Tools such as PRISM-games support automated verification and synthesis of zero-sum and ($$\varepsilon $$ ε -optimal subgame-perfect) social welfare Nash equilibria properties for concurrent stochastic games. However, these methods become inefficient as the number of agents grows and may also generate equilibria that yield significant variations in the outcomes for individual agents. We extend the functionality of PRISM-games to support correlated equilibria, in which players can coordinate through public signals, and introduce a novel optimality criterion of social fairness, which can be applied to both Nash and correlated equilibria. We show that correlated equilibria are easier to compute, are more equitable, and can also improve joint outcomes. We implement algorithms for both normal form games and the more complex case of multi-player concurrent stochastic games with temporal logic specifications. On a range of case studies, we demonstrate the benefits of our methods.
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Schott, Moritz, Adina Zell, Sven Lautenbach, Gencer Sumbul, Michael Schultz, Alexander Zipf, and Begüm Demir. "Analyzing and Improving the Quality and Fitness for Purpose of OpenStreetMap as Labels in Remote Sensing Applications." In Volunteered Geographic Information, 21–42. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35374-1_2.
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AbstractOpenStreetMap (OSM) is a well-known example of volunteered geographic information. It has evolved to one of the most used geographic databases. As data quality of OSM is heterogeneous both in space and across different thematic domains, data quality assessment is of high importance for potential users of OSM data. As use cases differ with respect to their requirements, it is not data quality per se that is of interest for the user but fitness for purpose. We investigate the fitness for purpose of OSM to derive land-use and land-cover labels for remote sensing-based classification models. Therefore, we evaluated OSM land-use and land-cover information by two approaches: (1) assessment of OSM fitness for purpose for samples in relation to intrinsic data quality indicators at the scale of individual OSM objects and (2) assessment of OSM-derived multi-labels at the scale of remote sensing patches ($$1.22 \times 1.22$$ 1.22 × 1.22 km) in combination with deep learning approaches. The first approach was applied to 1000 randomly selected relevant OSM objects. The quality score for each OSM object in the samples was combined with a large set of intrinsic quality indicators (such as the experience of the mapper, the number of mappers in a region, and the number of edits made to the object) and auxiliary information about the location of the OSM object (such as the continent or the ecozone). Intrinsic indicators were derived by a newly developed tool based on the OSHDB (OpenStreetMap History DataBase). Afterward, supervised and unsupervised shallow learning approaches were used to identify relationships between the indicators and the quality score. Overall, investigated OSM land-use objects were of high quality: both geometry and attribute information were mostly accurate. However, areas without any land-use information in OSM existed even in well-mapped areas such as Germany. The regression analysis at the level of the individual OSM objects revealed associations between intrinsic indicators, but also a strong variability. Even if more experienced mappers tend to produce higher quality and objects which underwent multiple edits tend to be of higher quality, an inexperienced mapper might map a perfect land-use polygon. This result indicates that it is hard to predict data quality of individual land-use objects purely on intrinsic data quality indicators. The second approach employed a label-noise robust deep learning method on remote sensing data with OSM labels. As the quality of the OSM labels was manually assessed beforehand, it was possible to control the amount of noise in the dataset during the experiment. The addition of artificial noise allowed for an even more fine-grained analysis on the effect of noise on prediction quality. The noise-tolerant deep learning method was capable to identify correct multi-labels even for situations with significant levels of noise added. The method was also used to identify areas where input labels were likely wrong. Thereby, it is possible to provide feedback to the OSM community as areas of concern can be flagged.
Conference papers on the topic "INDIVIDUAL PERFECT"
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Figura, Aleksandra, and Magdalena Gryzińska. "The problem of the length of perfect STRs in individual identification of animals." In 2nd International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland: ENVIRONMENT – PLANT – ANIMAL – PRODUCT. Publishing House of The University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/icdsupl2.a005.
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Lohman, G. E., and A. W. Lohmann. "Shuffle communication component for optical parallel computing." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.thv2.
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A shuffle communication network serves to connect many individual processor elements in a parallel computing system. Previous optical implementations of the so-called perfect shuffle consisted of macroscopic classical components such as lenses, prisms, and a beam splitter. Other shuffles, especially the inverse perfect shuffle, require highly structured deflecting elements. We implemented such a shuffle, which contains highly structured phase gratings.
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Pabón Dueñas, Ana Belén. "PATHER and GPS Together to Improve Transport Efficiency." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4103.
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The new PATHER system becomes the perfect partner of GPS, so that the user gets a real positioning system when this is needed. This also includes positioning inside buildings. PATHER is based on Techno-accessibility and takes the concept of transport a step ahead, until developing a set of actions and providing services, in order to increase user information. Using this system provides each individual the opportunity to feel confident and independent, regardless of their physical condition, because the system is able to act in many situations providing the user information necessary for optimal transport.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4103
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Wang, Xue-yi, Jian Pu, Rui-ming Yuan, and Jian-hua Wang. "Combined Influence of Surface Deposition and Hole-Blockage on Film-Cooling Performances." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56902.
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Commercial aero-engines may operate in dust-laden environments, such as taking off and landing on desert ground or flying through volcano dust cloud, and foreign particles frequently deposit at hot surface and film hole-exits, which results in partial blockage of film holes, clog of cooling air, reduction in cooling effect, and could induce catastrophic damage. This problem has not been well solved up to now. This paper presents an experimental investigation on two surface deposition models (deposition limited to upstream of hole with a peak height of 1.5 diameter of hole called D1.5, and downstream forming a trench with a peak height of 1.0 diameter of hole, called D1) and two blockage models (leading edge of hole LB, and trailing edge TB), as well as two combined models D1.5-LB, and D1-TB. The experiments are conducted in a low speed water tunnel using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technique. Through this experiment, the following interesting phenomena, which were not reported in previous literatures, are reveled: 1) The effect of blockage ratio at leading edge on cooling performance of combined D1.5-LB is opposite to individual LB, i.e. in the case of combined D1.5-LB, a higher blockage ratio corresponds to a lower cooling effectiveness; whereas, for individual LB, the cooling effectiveness increases with the blockage ratios in the tested range. 2) At all blowing ratios, the cooling performances of combined D1.5-LB are better than that of perfect model D0-B0 (without deposition and blockage). At all blockage ratios tested in this experiment, in the case of combined D1.5-LB, a higher blowing ratio corresponds to a higher cooling effectiveness and a lager film coverage length. 3) At lower blockage ratios of 0.1 and 0.3, the overall-averaged cooling effectiveness of combined D1-TB is higher than that of perfect model D0-B0. At large blockage ratio 0.5, the blockage effect is dominant, and the averaged cooling effectiveness of combined model D1-TB is lower than that of D0-B0. In the case of individual deposition model D1-B0, although the lateral-averaged film cooling effectiveness is augmented, the area of film cooling is reduced.
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Liu, Xinghui, Jiehao Wang, Amit Singh, Margaretha Rijken, Larry Chrusch, Dean Wehunt, Faraj Ahmad, and Jennifer Miskimins. "Achieving Perfect Fluid and Proppant Placement in Multi-Stage Fractured Horizontal Wells: A CFD Modeling Approach." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204182-ms.
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Abstract Multi-stage plug-n-perf fracturing of horizontal wells has proven to be an effective method to develop unconventional reservoirs. Various studies have shown uneven fluid and proppant distributions across all perforation clusters. It is commonly believed that both fracturing fluid and proppant contribute to unconventional well performance. Achieving uniform fluid and proppant placement is an important step toward optimal stimulation. This paper discusses how to achieve such uniform placement in each stage via a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) modeling approach. CFD models in several lab scales were built and calibrated using experimental data of proppant transport through horizontal pipes in several laboratory configurations. A field-scale model was then built and validated using perforation erosion data from downhole camera observations and the same model parameters calibrated in the lab-scale model. With the field-scale model validated, CFD simulations were performed to evaluate the impact of key parameters on fluid and proppant placement in individual perforations and clusters. Some key parameters investigated in this study included perforation parameters (size, orientation, number), cluster spacing, cluster count per stage, fluid properties, proppant properties, pumping rates, casing sizes, and stress shadow effects, etc. Both lab and CFD results show that bottom-side perforations receive significantly more proppant than top-side perforations due to gravitational effects. Lab and CFD results also show that proppant distribution is increasingly toe-biased at higher rates. Proppant concentration along the wellbore from heel to toe generally varies significantly. Gravity, momentum, viscous drag, and turbulent dispersion are key factors affecting proppant transport in horizontal wellbores. This study demonstrates that near-uniform fluid and proppant placement across all clusters in each stage is achievable by optimizing perforation, cluster, and other treatment design factors. Validated CFD modeling plays an important role in this design optimization process.
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Bruce, George J. "A review of the use of CGT for shipbuilding performance measurement." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2005-p13.
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The need for a universal measure of shipbuilding performance has been recognized for many years. To meet the need, the concept of Compensated Gross Tonnes was developed within the OECD, initially as a means of overall comparisons between regions and perhaps nations. Over time, the use has been extended to compare individual companies and also, with a cost element, to compare ship construction costs. More recent work has looked at extending the cgt concept to warship construction. The extended use of cgt as a measure is accepted as less than perfect, but no generally agreed alternative has been proposed. This paper reviews the uses of cgt, highlights some of the uses in measurement of shipyard performance, and proposes alternative means of presenting the cgt information which are intended to improve its usefulness.
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Lima, Alan, Lucas B. Maia, Pedro Thiago Cutrim Dos Santos, Geraldo Braz Júnior, João D. S. De Almeida, and Anselmo C. De Paiva. "Evolving Convolutional Neural Networks for Glaucoma Diagnosis." In XVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Aplicada à Saúde. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcas.2018.3687.
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Glaucoma is an ocular disease that causes damage to the eye's optic nerve and successive narrowing of the visual field in affected patients which can lead the patient, in advanced stage, to blindness. This work presents a study on the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for the automatic diagnosis through eye fundus images. However, building a perfect CNN involves a lot of effort that in many situations is not always able to achieve satisfactory results. The objective of this work is to use a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize CNNs architectures through evolution that can helps in glaucoma diagnosis using eye's fundus image from RIM-ONE-r2 dataset. Our partial results demonstrate satisfactory results after training the best individual chosen by GA with the achievement of an accuracy of 91%.
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Yum, Juil, Tae Hyung Kim, and Elijah Kannatey-Asibu. "Classifier Fusion for Acoustic Emission Based Tool Wear Monitoring." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7380.
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It is often difficult for a single classifier to achieve perfect classification during process monitoring. Sensor fusion enables the final decision to be improved, but uses voting methods, which usually do not perform well when there is a tie vote. In this paper, classifier fusion with class-weighted voting is investigated to further enhance the performance of monitoring systems. The overall performances of individual classifiers are used as the weighting factors to classifier fusion based on majority voting. When applied to tool wear monitoring of the coroning process, the classifier that was based on overall performance weighting improved the classification rate to 95.6% and the one based on state performance weighting showed 98.5% classification, compared to 87.7% for classifier fusion with unity weighting. A classifier fusion further increased performance from 98.5% to 99.7% by applying a penalty vote on the weighting factor.
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Tate, Daniel, Gordon Steven, and Paul Findlay. "Investigating the Relative Performance of Static and Dynamic Instruction Scheduling." In International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbac-pad.1999.19788.
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There are two distinct groups of research into ILP. Those that strongly favour static instruction scheduling and those that favour dynamic instruction scheduling. This paper introduces powerful static and dynamic scheduling models and combines them within the framework of a single simulation environment. Both individual models achieve respectable speedups; dynamic schedullng significantly out-performs static scheduling when an idealised processor model with perfect branch prediction is used. However, when a realistic branch predictor is substituted, the roles are reversed, and static scheduling achieves the higher performance. Similarly, static scheduling performs better in the absence of branch prediction or when processor resources are restricted. Finally, we combine static scheduling with out-of-order instruction issue. Disappointingly, when an ideal out-of-order processor is used, scheduled code fails to match the performance of unscheduled code. Furthermore, with realistic branch predictlon, out-of-order issue fails to improve the performance of scheduled code.
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Dimova, Nadejda. "The Specific Interrelation between Motivation, Emotions and Sustainable Consumer Behaviour." In 8th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2022.163.
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The changes brought about by COVID-19 and digitalisation do not eradicate the genuine problems associated with sustainable consumer behaviour and achieving sustainable development in general. Consumer motivation and emotions are closely intertwined with achieving sustainable consumer behaviour. The research interest was sparked by the interrelation between motivation, emotions and sustainable consumer behaviour. It is specific and determines the extent to which consumers want and are motivated to consume sustainably and in parallel with what emotions they experience in the overall consumer decision-making process and their consumer journey. The research methodology includes presenting the relationship between the individual elements in the purchase, presenting different types of motivation that affect sustainable consumer behaviour, clarifying the different types of emotions in sustainable consumer behaviour and focusing on happiness as a leading emotion to achieve sustainable consumption. It is to the benefit of the readers to recognise the importance of the interrelation between emotions, motivation and sustainable consumer behaviour and build perfect strategies based on it.
Reports on the topic "INDIVIDUAL PERFECT"
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Pollak, Robert. Allocating Time: Individuals' Technologies, Household Technology, Perfect Substitutes, and Specialization. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17529.
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Rarasati, Niken, and Rezanti Putri Pramana. Giving Schools and Teachers Autonomy in Teacher Professional Development Under a Medium-Capability Education System. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2023/050.
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A mature teacher who continuously seeks improvement should be recognised as a professional who has autonomy in conducting their job and has the autonomy to engage in a professional community of practice (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010). In other words, teachers’ engagement in professional development activities should be driven by their own determination rather than extrinsic sources of motivation. In this context, teachers’ self-determination can be defined as a feeling of connectedness with their own aspirations or personal values, confidence in their ability to master new skills, and a sense of autonomy in planning their own professional development path (Stupnisky et al., 2018; Eyal and Roth, 2011; Ryan and Deci, 2000). Previous studies have shown the advantages of providing teachers with autonomy to determine personal and professional improvement. Bergmark (2020) found that giving teachers the opportunity to identify areas of improvement based on teaching experience expanded the ways they think and understand themselves as teachers and how they can improve their teaching. Teachers who plan their own improvement showed a higher level of curiosity in learning and trying out new things. Bergmark (2020) also shows that a continuous cycle of reflection and teaching improvement allows teachers to recognise that the perfect lesson does not exist. Hence, continuous reflection and improvement are needed to shape the lesson to meet various classroom contexts. Moreover, Cheon et al. (2018) found that increased teacher autonomy led to greater teaching efficacy and a greater tendency to adopt intrinsic (relative to extrinsic) instructional goals. In developed countries, teacher autonomy is present and has become part of teachers’ professional life and schools’ development plans. In Finland, for example, the government is responsible for providing resources and services that schools request, while school development and teachers’ professional learning are integrated into a day-to-day “experiment” performed collaboratively by teachers and principals (Niemi, 2015). This kind of experience gives teachers a sense of mastery and boosts their determination to continuously learn (Ryan and Deci, 2000). In low-performing countries, distributing autonomy of education quality improvement to schools and teachers negatively correlates with the countries’ education outcomes (Hanushek et al., 2011). This study also suggests that education outcome accountability and teacher capacity are necessary to ensure the provision of autonomy to improve education quality. However, to have teachers who can meet dynamic educational challenges through continuous learning, de Klerk & Barnett (2020) suggest that developing countries include programmes that could nurture teachers’ agency to learn in addition to the regular content and pedagogical-focused teacher training materials. Giving autonomy to teachers can be challenging in an environment where accountability or performance is measured by narrow considerations (teacher exam score, administrative completion, etc.). As is the case in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, teachers tend to attend training to meet performance evaluation administrative criteria rather than to address specific professional development needs (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). Generally, the focus of the training relies on what the government believes will benefit their teaching workforce. Teacher professional development (TPD) is merely an assignment for Jakarta teachers. Most teachers attend the training only to obtain attendance certificates that can be credited towards their additional performance allowance. Consequently, those teachers will only reproduce teaching practices that they have experienced or observed from their seniors. As in other similar professional development systems, improvement in teaching quality at schools is less likely to happen (Hargreaves, 2000). Most of the trainings were led by external experts or academics who did not interact with teachers on a day-to-day basis. This approach to professional development represents a top-down mechanism where teacher training was designed independently from teaching context and therefore appears to be overly abstract, unpractical, and not useful for teachers (Timperley, 2011). Moreover, the lack of relevancy between teacher training and teaching practice leads to teachers’ low ownership of the professional development process (Bergmark, 2020). More broadly, in the Jakarta education system, especially the public school system, autonomy was never given to schools and teachers prior to establishing the new TPD system in 2021. The system employed a top-down relationship between the local education agency, teacher training centres, principals, and teachers. Professional development plans were usually motivated by a low teacher competency score or budgeted teacher professional development programme. Guided by the scores, the training centres organised training that could address knowledge areas that most of Jakarta's teachers lack. In many cases, to fulfil the quota as planned in the budget, the local education agency and the training centres would instruct principals to assign two teachers to certain training without knowing their needs. Realizing that the system was not functioning, Jakarta’s local education agency decided to create a reform that gives more autonomy toward schools and teachers in determining teacher professional development plan. The new system has been piloted since November 2021. To maintain the balance between administrative evaluation and addressing professional development needs, the new initiative highlights the key role played by head teachers or principals. This is based on assumption that principals who have the opportunity to observe teaching practice closely could help teachers reflect and develop their professionalism. (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). As explained by the professional development case in Finland, leadership and collegial collaboration are also critical to shaping a school culture that could support the development of professional autonomy. The collective energies among teachers and the principal will also direct the teacher toward improving teaching, learning, and caring for students and parents (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010; Hargreaves, 2000). Thus, the new TPD system in Jakarta adopts the feature of collegial collaboration. This is considered as imperative in Jakarta where teachers used to be controlled and join a professional development activity due to external forces. Learning autonomy did not exist within themselves. Hence, teachers need a leader who can turn the "professional development regulation" into a culture at schools. The process will shape teachers to do professional development quite autonomously (Deci et al., 2001). In this case, a controlling leadership style will hinder teachers’ autonomous motivation. Instead, principals should articulate a clear vision, consider teachers' individual needs and aspirations, inspire, and support professional development activities (Eyal and Roth, 2011). This can also be called creating a professional culture at schools (Fullan, 1996). In this Note, we aim to understand how the schools and teachers respond to the new teacher professional development system. We compare experience and motivation of different characteristics of teachers.
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Saarnio, Karri, Mika Vestenius, and Katriina Kyllönen. Attestation of conformity of particulate matter measurements (HIVATO) 2019–2020. Finnish Meteorological Institute, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361331.
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The National Reference Laboratory for Air Quality (NRL) ensures the high quality of air quality measurements in Finland by organising audits and intercomparison campaigns. In this project, the conformity of the particulate matter measurements was evaluated with a particular focus on the measurement used for calculating the average exposure index (AEI) of Finland. The representativity and applicability of the AEI measurements made at the Kallio station in Helsinki were evaluated. It was noticed that the results of the Kallio measurement represent well the average fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations and the yearly based trend of fine particles in Finland. In addition, the yearly average concentrations of fine particles have been smaller than the AEI limit value of 8.5 µg/m3, at all individual urban background stations in Finland since year 2015. The measurement results made with the PM monitor used for AEI measurement, i.e. TEOM 1405 analyser at the Kallio station, were compared to the results from the reference method that follows the standard SFS-EN 12341:2014. It was noticed that the uncertainty requirement of 25% was reached and therefore the quality of the measurement is sufficient to use it for the calculation of AEI. However, the fine particle concentrations were generally very low and therefore the requirements given in the standard SFS-EN 16450:2017 for an intercomparison against the reference method were not perfectly fulfilled. This report presents also results from intercomparison measurements made for automated continuous measurement systems (AMS). At the Virolahti station and at the Mäkelänkatu station in Helsinki, PM10 and PM2.5 measurements were compared. In Kuopio and in Lahti, intercomparison measurements were made for PM2.5 only. Based on the results from these intercomparisons, the calibration coefficients both for PM10 and PM2.5 were defined for the first time in Finland for a FIDAS 200 analyser that is a new PM monitor in the Finnish market. It was concluded that FIDAS 200 analysers can be used for the PM measurements in Finland when the calibration coefficients are applied for the data; however, one must note that the presented calibration coefficients do not fulfil the requirements given for the demonstration of equivalence (DoE). Nevertheless, these coefficients are recommended to be used until the official coefficients will be delivered from the next DoE campaign. Two AMS (SHARP 5030 and TEOM 1405) were compared to the reference method for the measurements of PM10 and PM2,5 in Virolahti and in Helsinki, respectively. It was revealed that the calibration coefficients based on the DoE in Kuopio (2014–2015) do not always fit ideally at different locations and seasons due to differences in the environmental characteristics of the measurement sites. Therefore, NRL recommends that DoE should be organised every five years and in between the DoE’s so called ongoing-intercomparison measurements should be carried out continuously. In the ongoing-intercomparison, suitability of the calibration coefficients from DoE will be verified in different locations with varying environmental characteristics. The ongoing-intercomparison campaigns should take place at one site from a half a year to one year and after that, the campaign should continue at a different location similarly. This would ensure that the influence of seasonal differences to the suitability of coefficients will be verified at each measurement site.