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Zheljazkov, Valtcho D., Tess Astatkie, Thomas Horgan, Vicki Schlegel, and Xavier Simonnet. "Distillation Time Effect on Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Sagewort (Artemisia annua L.) Oil." HortScience 48, no. 10 (October 2013): 1288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.10.1288.
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Sweet sagewort, also known as sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.), contains essential oil and other natural products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight different distillation times (DTs; 1.25 minutes, 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes, 80 minutes, and 160 minutes) on A. annua essential oil and its antioxidant capacity. Highest essential oil yield was achieved at 160-minute DT. The concentration of camphor (8.7% to 50% in the oil) was highest at the shorter DT and reached a minimum at 160-minute DT. The concentration of borneol showed a similar trend as the concentration of camphor. The concentrations of some constituents in the oil were highest at 2.5-minute DT (alpha-pinene and camphene), at 10 minutes (paracymene), at 20 minutes (beta-chamigrene and gamma-himachalene), at 80 minutes [transmuurola-4(15),5-diene and spathulenol], at 80- to 160-minute DT (caryophylene oxide and cis-cadin-4-en-ol), or at 160-minute DT (beta-caryophyllene, transbeta-farnesene, and germacrene-D). The yield of individual constituents reached maximum at 20- to 160-minute DT (camphor) at 80- to 160-minute DT [paracymene, borneol, transmuurola-4(15),5-diene, and spathulenol], or at 160-minute DT (for the rest of the oil constituents). DT can be used to attain A. annua essential oil with differential and possibly targeted specific chemical profile. The highest antioxidant capacity of the oil was obtained at 20-minute DT and the lowest from the oil in the 5-minute DT. This study suggests that literature reports on essential oil content and composition of A. annua could be compared only if the essential oil was extracted at similar DTs. Therefore, DT must be reported when reporting data on essential oil content and composition of A. annua.
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Souto Filho, José Morais, Caio Victor de Sousa, Thiago dos Santos Rosa, and Herbert Gustavo Simões. "Greater muscle strength is associated with reduced autonomic reactivity." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): e16510615593. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15593.
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We aimed to investigate the autonomic responses to cold pressor test (CPT) in individual with different levels of muscle strength. 57 male subjects participated in the study. Volunteers were divided in tertiles according to their level of relative handgrip strength as Low (LS), Medium (MS) and High (HS). For the CPT the volunteers remained seated in resting for 15 minutes and inserted the right hand in cold water for two minutes. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken at rest, during CPT and during recovery. HRV was continuously recorded during the entire protocol. All three groups had similar BP variation, with the values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) increasing during CPT and diminishing during recovery until the third minute. At the first CPT minute LS group showed a substantial increase in low-frequency (LF) activity and a diminished high frequency (HF). LS also presented higher and lower values of LF and HF, respectively, than MS group at the first CPT minute. HS showed an increased vagal activity during recovery. In conclusion, individuals from LS presented similar BP responses to CPT than MS and HS groups but with higher sympathetic activation. HS individuals presented an elevated vagal activity during recovery.
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Sady, Stanley P., Victor L. Katch, Kris Berg, and John Villanacci. "Individual Differences in Relative Endurance and Physiological Response for Prepubescents, Adolescents, and Adults." Pediatric Exercise Science 1, no. 1 (February 1989): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.1.1.54.
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The extent of individual differences in relative endurance and physiological response was examined in adolescent boys (n=22) and compared to data of prepubescent boys (n = 21) and adult men (n = 21). Subjects performed two (test and retest) relative endurance cycle ergometer tests at an initial rate of 105% V̇O2 max, which they attempted to maintain for 8 minutes. Relative endurance performance was defined as the revolutions for each minute of the test (RPM). There were no differences among groups for the total revolutions turned or the total percent dropoff from the initial rate. All groups had similar patterns for consistency of RPM except for Minute 3. The prepubescent boys exhibited the greatest within-individual variation (Si) for HR, especially after Minute 4 (p<.05). On the average, a greater proportion of the total variability in HR was due to Si in comparison to true individual differences (St) for the prepubescents (47%) than either the adolescents (13%) or the adults (11%). The adolescents had the lowest proportion of total variability in V̇O2 due to Si (adolescents 9%, adults 16%, prepubescents 26%). The data support an earlier hypothesis of a threshold age effect on the stability of individual differences for physiological response during relative endurance exercise. A change may occur during adolescence.
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Mucharraz y Cano, Yvette. "Minute Zero." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-04-2020-0113.
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Learning outcomes The expected learning outcomes are: to clarify the meaning of resilience and its attributes. To explore the influence of the leader on the development of organizational resilience. To identify critical decisions for the recovery of a business after an external event such as the earthquake that took place on September 19th in Mexico City. To point out the stages for the development of organizational resilience, in the short, and long term: anticipation, coping and adaptation. To clarify the actions that could be taken to prepare an organization for an extreme event or respond to a large-scale crisis. Case overview/synopsis The case is framed within the context of the September 19, 2017 earthquake in Mexico City. ProActive Strategies’ offices collapsed, causing some people to lose their lives and others to be injured. The protagonist needed to decide if the organization could survive and recover or needed to be closed after the earthquake. After ProActive Strategies survived and recovered, it was possible to identify the main stages to develop organizational resilience in this organization: anticipation, coping and adaptation. Also, the paper provides empirical evidence about how organizational resilience is anchored in the attributes at individual and community levels that include human, economic, social and political capitals, enhanced by technological capital. Furthermore, the enablers of resilience add external entities and the ecosystem at a macro-level, considering political, social and economic aspects of the context. Complexity academic level The study level and expertise required to address this case is medium. The richness of the discussion from the perspective of the students is related to the possibility to empathize with the protagonist and the different actors involved and to build on previous experience with crisis management to observe the potential risks and courses of action. Moreover, the professor also requires taking a neutral position to balance the requirements from a humanitarian perspective, with the business needs. Subject code Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 6: Human resource management.
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Weber, Walter P., Stefan Reck, Uschi Neff, Ramon Saccilotto, Marc Dangel, Manfred L. Rotter, Reno Frei, Daniel Oertli, Walter R. Marti, and Andreas F. Widmer. "Surgical Hand Antisepsis With Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Comparison of Effectiveness After 1.5 and 3 Minutes of Application." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 30, no. 5 (May 2009): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/596772.
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Objective.Research has shown 1.5 minutes of surgical hand antisepsis with alcohol-based hand rub to be at least as effective under experimental conditions as the 3-minute reference disinfection recommended by European Norm 12791. The aim of the present study was to validate the effectiveness of 1.5 minutes of surgical hand antisepsis in a clinical setting by comparing the effectiveness of 1.5- and 3-minute applications of alcohol-based hand rub (45% vol/vol 2-propanol, 30% vol/vol 1-propanol, and 0.2% mecetronium ethylsulphate).Design.Prospective crossover trial in which each surgeon served as his or her own control, with individual randomization to the 1.5-or the 3-minute group during the first part of the trial.Setting.Basel University Hospital, Switzerland.Participants.Thirty-two surgeons with different levels of postdoctoral training.Methods.We measured the bactericidal effectiveness of 1.5 minutes and 3 minutes of surgical hand antisepsis with alcohol-based hand rub by assessing the mean (± SD) log10 number of colony-forming units before the application of hand rub (baseline), after the application of hand rub (immediate effect), and after surgery (sustained effect) so as to follow European Norm 12791 as closely as possible.Results.The immediate mean (± SD) log10 reduction in colony-forming units (cfu) was 2.66 ±1.13 log10 cfu for the 1.5-minute group and 3.01 ±1.06 log10 cfu for the 3-minute group (P = .204). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to the sustained effect; the mean ( ± SD) log10 increase in bacterial density during surgery was 1.08 ± 1.13 log10 cfu for the 1.5-minute group and 0.95 ± 1.27 log10 cfu for the 3-minute group (P = .708). No adverse effects were recorded.Conclusion.In this clinical trial, surgical hand antisepsis with alcohol-based hand rub resulted in a similar bacterial reduction, regardless of whether it was applied for 3 or 1.5 minutes, which confirms experimental data generated with healthy volunteers.
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McConnell, Heather, James Brereton, Tom Rice, and Paul Rose. "Do Birds of a Feather Always Flock Together? Assessing Differences in Group and Individual Zoo Enclosure Usage by Comparing Commonly Available Methods." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 3, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg3010007.
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Data on zoo enclosure usage provide meaningful evaluation of husbandry and welfare but for social species, group-level data may not capture individual occupancy preferences. Determining zone occupancy using group data may give an inaccurate assessment of enclosure suitability for each individual. We compared three formulae (traditional and modified Spread of Participation Index and Electivity Index) to determine how estimations of space usage compare between individuals and their group overall. Two flamingo flocks at two zoos were sampled with enclosures separated into discrete zones. Counts of where each bird in the flock was located at each minute of sampling were compared against the number of minutes that randomly selected individual flamingos spent in each zone. Overall, there was little difference in preferred zone occupancy when flock data were compared to individual data. Group data suggested that flamingos were more consistent in their enclosure usage, with individual data showing wider overall usage of enclosures. Individual Electivity Index (EI) values suggested zone underuse whereas group EI suggested zone overuse. As a proxy for welfare measurement, we recommend both group-level and individual monitoring of space use to provide a complete picture of how individuals within a social group occupy their space and choose where to be.
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Mudalige, Priyantha, Petko S. Kalev, and Huu Nhan Duong. "Individual and institutional trading volume around firm-specific announcements." International Journal of Managerial Finance 12, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 422–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-01-2016-0007.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the immediate impact of firm-specific announcements on the trading volume of individual and institutional investors on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX), during a period when the market becomes fragmented. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses intraday trading volume data in five-minute intervals prior to and after firm-specific announcements to measure individual and institutional abnormal volume. There are 70 such intervals per trading day and 254 trading days in the sample period. The first 10 minutes of trading (from 10.00 to 10.10 a.m.) is excluded to avoid the effect of opening auction and to ensure consistency in the “starting time” for all stocks. The volume transacted during five-minute intervals is aggregated and attributed to individual or institutional investors using Broker IDs. Findings – Institutional investors exhibit abnormal trading volume before and after announcements. However, individual investors indicate abnormal trading volume only after announcements. Consistent with outcomes expected from a dividend washing strategy, abnormal trading volume around dividend announcements is statistically insignificant. Both individual and institutional investors’ buy volumes are higher than sell volumes before and after scheduled and unscheduled announcements. Research limitations/implications – The study is Australian focused, but the results are applicable to other limit order book markets of similar design. Practical implications – The results add to the understanding of individual and institutional investors’ trading behaviour around firm-specific announcements in a securities market with continuous disclosure. Social implications – The results add to the understanding of individual and institutional investors’ trading behaviour around firm-specific announcements in a securities market with continuous disclosure. Originality/value – These results will help regulators to design markets that are less predatory on individual investors.
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Mahmood, Oria, Rikke Jørgensen, Kristina Nielsen, Lars Konge, and Lene Russell. "Hands-On Time in Simulation-Based Ultrasound Training – A Dose-Related Response Study." Ultrasound International Open 08, no. 01 (January 2022): E2—E6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1795-5138.
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Abstract Purpose Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is widely used, but the sensitivity and specificity of the findings are highly user-dependent. There are many different approaches to ultrasound training. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of hands-on practice when learning POCUS. Methods Junior doctors with no or limited ultrasound experience were included in the study and divided into three groups. They all completed a Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) course with different amounts of hands-on practice: 40 minutes (n=67), 60 minutes (n=12), and 90 minutes of hands-on time (n=27). By the end of the course, they all completed a previously validated test. Results More hands-on time improved the mean test scores and decreased the test time. The scores of the 40-, 60-, and 90-minute groups were 11.6 (SD 2.1), 12.8 (SD 2.5), and 13.7 (SD 2.5), respectively (p<0.001). The 90-minute group completed the test significantly faster than the other two groups (20 versus 26 minutes, p=0.003). A large inter-individual variation was seen. Conclusion The necessary amount of hands-on training is unknown. This study demonstrates that performance increases with prolonged hands-on time but the inter-individual variation among trainees is very large, thereby making it impossible to define the “optimal” time. This supports the use of the concept of mastery learning where each individual trainee can continue training until proficiency is reached.
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Jang, Jinhwan. "Real-Time Traffic Information Provision Using Individual Probe and Five-Minute Aggregated Data." Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 18, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2019.18.1.56.
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Amiri, Hoda Mojazi, Ryan McClellan, Chok Limsuwat, and Kenneth Nugent. "Exercise duration during pulmonary rehabilitation: an index of efficacy." Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 1, no. 4 (October 15, 2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v1i4.99.
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Background: The optimal program for pulmonary rehabilitation likely varies from patient to patient and depends on individual limiting factors. We wanted to determine the typical exercise duration in our patients to use as a basis for modifying individual rehabilitation components. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who completed the pulmonary rehabilitation program at University Medical Center in Lubbock, TX. We collected demographic, pulmonary function, and 6-minute walk test information. Patients exercised with treadmills, arm ergometers, recumbent stair steppers, and recumbent bicycles; we recorded the initial and follow-up modality duration at four week intervals. Results: This study included 119 patients with a mean age of 68.8 ± 10.1 years. Most patients (95) had COPD. The mean FEV1 was 1.3 ± 0.7 L 9 (47.2 ± 19.7 % predicted). The baseline gait speed was 41 ± 15 meters per minute. The initial total exercise duration was 30.5 ± 7.0 minutes. These times increased to 41.2 ± 8.8, 44.6 ± 10.7 and 47.0 ± 12.0 minutes at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of rehabilitation. Conclusions: Most patients increased their total exercise duration to 40 minutes. This goal can identify patients who are not making progress and need alternative strategies and patients who have made good progress and might benefit from additional training, such as lower extremity strength exercises.
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Davidson, K. G. V., F. D. Moore, E. E. Roos, S. Nath, and S. Sowa. "Comparison of Seed-quality Indices Resulting from Single-seed Electroconductivity Measurements." HortScience 29, no. 10 (October 1994): 1158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.10.1158.
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Five seed-quality indices based on individual seed electrolyte leakage tests were evaluated. Zea mays L. seeds were soaked for 6 hours, and individual seed leachate conductivity values were obtained. A total of 100 cells were scanned, one seed per cell, at 5-minute intervals for the first 30 minutes, followed by 15-minute intervals for the remaining 330 minutes. Seeds were allowed to dry for 5 to 7 days at room temperature and then were tested for germinability at 25C for 7 days. Radicle lengths were measured after 72 hours. The Richards function was fitted to cumulative frequency distributions of μAmps to obtain internal slope (IS), mean μAmp, and median μAmp values for each scan. Initial leach rate (ILR) was estimated after fitting hyperbolic functions to μAmp vs. soak time data. Average leach rate (ALR) was also derived from fitting the Richards function to μAmp vs. soak time data. Linear regression of seed quality on IS, mean, and median μAmp values after 5 hours of imbibition yielded r2 values of 0.91, 0.81, and 0.86 for predicting viability and 0.56, 0.46, 0.52 for predicting radicle length. Thus, IS was the best seed quality predictor, followed closely by median and mean μAmp values. ILR and ALR were not correlated with seed quality.
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Sousa, Daniel M., and André Vasconcelos. "Last Minute Medical Appointments No-Show Management." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 15, no. 4 (October 2020): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhisi.2020100102.
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A no-show occurs when a client has an appointment of some sort with another entity, and voluntarily or not, the client does not show up to that appointment. A patient missing an appointment will mean that the clinic's and health professional's time slot will be wasted. The goal of this research is to find a solution that minimizes no-shows, detecting when a patient is not going to come to the appointment and finding an appropriate replacement. The authors propose a hybrid solution which combines two different behavior prediction techniques: population-based behavior and individual-based behavior. The algorithm starts by computing a no-show probability based on the population's behavior using a logistic regression model. After that, using Bayesian inference, that probability is personalized for each patient. After computing the no-show probabilities for every candidate patient, the algorithm checks if any of them are interested on taking the appointment. The proposed algorithm was assessed using lab data and healthcare provider data.
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Lewis, P., E. Nichols, G. Mackey, A. Fadol, L. Sloane, E. Villagomez, and P. Liehr. "The effect of turning and backrub on mixed venous oxygen saturation in critically ill patients." American Journal of Critical Care 6, no. 2 (March 1, 1997): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1997.6.2.132.
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of a change in body position (right or left lateral) and timing of backrub (immediate or delayed) on mixed venous oxygen saturation in surgical ICU patients. METHODS: A repeated-measures design was used to study 57 critically ill men. Mixed venous oxygen saturation was recorded at 1-minute intervals for 5 minutes in each of three periods: baseline, after turning, and after backrub. Subjects were randomly assigned to body position and timing of backrub. Subjects in the immediate-backrub group were turned and given a 1-minute backrub. Mixed venous oxygen saturation was measured at 1-minute intervals for 5 minutes at two points: after the backrub and then with the patient lying on his side. For subjects in the delayed-backrub group, saturation was measured at 1-minute intervals for 5 minutes at two different points: after the subject was turned to his side and after the backrub. RESULTS: Both position and timing of backrub had significant effects on mixed venous oxygen saturation across conditions over time. Subjects positioned on their left side had a significantly greater decrease in saturation when the backrub was started. At the end of the backrub, saturation was significantly lower in subjects lying on their left side than in subjects lying on their right side. The pattern of change differed according to the timing of the backrub, and return to baseline levels of saturation after intervention differed according to body position. CONCLUSIONS: Two consecutive interventions (change in body position and backrub) cause a greater decrease in mixed venous oxygen saturation than the two interventions separated by a 5-minute equilibration period. Turning to the left side decreases oxygen saturation more than turning to the ride side does. Oxygen saturation returns to clinically acceptable ranges within 5 minutes of an intervention. In patients with stable hemodynamic conditions, the standard practice of turning the patient and immediately giving a backrub is recommended. However, it is prudent to closely monitor individual patterns of mixed venous oxygen saturation, particularly in patients with unstable hemodynamic conditions.
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Latif, Salman, Muhammad Sharyar, Iram Shafee, Jurat Ali, Abdul Mannan, Salman Deedar, and Sadaf Waris. "Six Minute Walk Test in People with Tuberculosis Sequelae." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 935–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22163935.
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Background: Tuberculosis often brings about diffuse fibrotic and other changes to lung tissue also consolidation of lung tissue prompting a decrease in generally lung tissue compliance. Following tuberculosis, the functional status of people is reduced e.g., impaired ventilation and gas exchanges leading to shortness of breath, muscular deconditioning, and a functional status decline is seen Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the six-meter walk distance and physical functional capacity (VO2 max) in 40 – 65 years people with pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy subjects. Methods: Forty healthy subjects (20 males and 20 females) and forty subjects with pulmonary tuberculosis (30 males and 10 females) took part in this study. All the subjects underwent a six min walk test. Walk-work was calculated and used for evaluating functional capacity. To examine for significant relationships Pearson product correlation was used Results: A significant difference was found between the groups in regards to 6MWT distance (p < 0.05). For height and body mass index (BMI) Pearson product correlations with 6MWD were significant in normal individual and for the weight and BMI it was significant in the TB sequelae group. Conclusion: A significant difference was found in functional capacity in terms of VO2max between healthy and patients with TB was found. TB sequelae individuals’ group, 52.6% patients had a VO2 max under 21 milliliter per kilogram per minute that brought about an impressive effect of TB sequelae on endurance in regards to cardiorespiratory system. Keywords: functional capacity, hospital, six-minute walk test, tuberculosis
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Ye, Jian Jun, Hua Zhang, Shi Xiao Yu, Sheng Bo Guo, Wen Nian Xu, and Heng Wei Li. "Runoff Quantity Dynamic from an Extensive Green Roof during Individual Rainstorms." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3429.
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This study evaluates the influence of an extensive green roof on runoff quantity dynamic during individual rainstorms in Central China. Controlled experiments on a simulated extensive green-roof plot were carried out firstly to produce a unit hydrograph (UH) by the methods of S-curve linearization treatment and curve fitting. Then in situ tests were conducted to compare runoff quantity per minute from the green roof plot and a conventional roof plot to verify the obtained UH and compare their runoff quantity dynamic during two rain storms in the year of 2009.The obtained UH is able to predict accurately peak flows and runoff volumes for any rain input. When the initial water content of the substrate was dry, the 7 cm thick green roof can delay the runoff initiating for nearly 8 minutes, lower runoff peak and volume by about 50% compared with conventional roof during a 10.1mm rainstorm on 7 June; and even when the substrate was wet, the extensive green roof can detain runoff effectively by 129 min longer than conventional roof and thus lower the peak flow of runoff by 43% during a 6.3 mm rainstorm on 12 March.
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Graser, Susan Vincent, Alan Groves, Keven A. Prusak, and Todd R. Pennington. "Pedometer Steps-Per-Minute, Moderate Intensity, and Individual Differences in 12- to 14-Year-Old Youth." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 8, no. 2 (February 2011): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.2.272.
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Background:Researchers have noted both the utility and limitations of using pedometers to measure physical activity (PA). While these unobtrusive devices are widely accepted for their ability to measure accumulated PA, they have been criticized for their inability to measure exercise intensity. However, recent steps-per-minute (SPM) research provides reasonably accurate measures of intensity allowing users to assess time spent at recommended PA levels. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the SPM taken that are associated with moderate physical activity in 12- to 14-year-old youth.Methods:Ninety-three participants (49 boys and 44 girls; ages 12 to 14) walked on a treadmill for 3 minutes at each of 4 different speeds while wearing a pedometer and a heart rate monitor.Results:On average boys and girls reached their moderate activity intensity threshold at 122 SPM and 102 SPM, respectively. However, individual differences must be taken into account when determining appropriate SPM intensities for youth.Conclusions:The impact of individual differences underscores the need to address SPM for moderate intensity individually rather than with a single guideline for everyone at this age.
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Sæbøe-Larssen, Stein, May Lyamouri, John Merriam, Morten P. Oksvold, and Andrew Lambertsson. "Ribosomal Protein Insufficiency and the Minute Syndrome in Drosophila: A Dose-Response Relationship." Genetics 148, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 1215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/148.3.1215.
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Abstract Minutes comprise >50 phenotypically similar mutations scattered throughout the genome of Drosophila, many of which are identified as mutations in ribosomal protein (rp) genes. Common traits of the Minute phenotype are short and thin bristles, slow development, and recessive lethality. By mobilizing a P element inserted in the 5′ UTR of M(3)95A, the gene encoding ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), we have generated two homozygous viable heteroalleles that are partial revertants with respect to the Minute phenotype. Molecular characterization revealed both alleles to be imprecise excisions, leaving 40 and 110 bp, respectively, at the P-element insertion site. The weaker allele (40 bp insert) is associated with a ~15% decrease in RPS3 mRNA abundance and displays a moderate Minute phenotype. In the stronger allele (110 bp insert) RPS3 mRNA levels are reduced by ~60%, resulting in an extreme Minute phenotype that includes many morphological abnormalities as well as sterility in both males and females due to disruption of early gametogenesis. The results show that there is a correlation between reduced RPS3 mRNA levels and the severity of the Minute phenotype, in which faulty differentiation of somatic tissues and arrest of gametogenesis represent the extreme case. That heteroalleles in M(3)95A can mimic the phenotypic variations that exist between different Minute/rp-gene mutations strongly suggests that all phenotypes primarily are caused by reductions in maximum protein synthesis rates, but that the sensitivity for reduced levels of the individual rp-gene products is different.
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Stansbury, Melissa L., Jean Harvey, Rebecca A. Krukowski, Christine A. Pellegrini, Xuewen Wang, and Delia Smith West. "Describing Transitions in Adherence to Physical Activity Self-monitoring and Goal Attainment in an Online Behavioral Weight Loss Program: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): e30673. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30673.
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Background Standard behavioral weight loss interventions often set uniform physical activity (PA) goals and promote PA self-monitoring; however, adherence remains a challenge, and recommendations may not accommodate all individuals. Identifying patterns of PA goal attainment and self-monitoring behavior will offer a deeper understanding of how individuals adhere to different types of commonly prescribed PA recommendations (ie, minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA] and daily steps) and guide future recommendations for improved intervention effectiveness. Objective This study examined weekly patterns of adherence to step-based and minute-based PA goals and self-monitoring behavior during a 6-month online behavioral weight loss intervention. Methods Participants were prescribed weekly PA goals for steps (7000-10,000 steps/day) and minutes of MVPA (50-200 minutes/week) as part of a lifestyle program. Goals gradually increased during the initial 2 months, followed by 4 months of fixed goals. PA was self-reported daily on the study website. For each week, participants were categorized as adherent if they self-monitored their PA and met the program PA goal, suboptimally adherent if they self-monitored but did not meet the program goal, or nonadherent if they did not self-monitor. The probability of transitioning into a less adherent status was examined using multinomial logistic regression. Results Participants (N=212) were predominantly middle-aged females with obesity, and 67 (31.6%) self-identified as a racial/ethnic minority. Initially, 73 (34.4%) participants were categorized as adherent to step-based goals, with 110 [51.9%] suboptimally adherent and 29 [13.7%] nonadherent, and there was a high probability of either remaining suboptimally adherent from week to week or transitioning to a nonadherent status. However, 149 (70.3%) participants started out adherent to minute-based goals (34 [16%] suboptimally adherent and 29 [13.7%] nonadherent), with suboptimally adherent seen as the most variable status. During the graded goal phase, participants were more likely to transition to a less adherent status for minute-based goals (odds ratio [OR] 1.39, 95% CI 1.31-1.48) compared to step-based goals (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.30); however, no differences were seen during the fixed goal phase (minute-based goals: OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.05-1.08; step-based goals: OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.08). Conclusions States of vulnerability to poor PA adherence can emerge rapidly and early in obesity treatment. There is a window of opportunity within the initial 2 months to bring more people toward adherent behavior, especially those who fail to meet the prescribed goals but engage in self-monitoring. Although this study describes the probability of adhering to step- and minute-based targets, it will be prudent to determine how individual characteristics and contextual states relate to these behavioral patterns, which can inform how best to adapt interventions. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02688621; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02688621
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Carr-Hill, Roy, Sue Jenkins-Clarke, Paul Dixon, and Mike Pringle. "Do Minutes Count? Consultation Lengths in General Practice." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 3, no. 4 (October 1998): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135581969800300405.
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Objective: To document the variability in consultation length and to examine the relative weight of different kinds of characteristics (of the patients, of the general practitioner (GP), or of the practice) in affecting consultation length, and, thus, to assess whether consultation length can legitimately be used as a quality marker. Design: A multilevel statistical analysis of 836 consultations across 51 GPs in ten practices. Setting and subjects: Ten general practices across four regions in England with varying list sizes, number of partners and fundholding status. Main outcome measures: Length of time face-to-face with patients in consultation measured in minutes and fractions of minutes. Results: There is substantial inter-practice variation in consultation length, from a mean of 5.7 minutes to one of 8.5 minutes. In some practices the longest average GP consultation time is about twice that of the shortest. Trainees and new partners spend, on average, about 1 minute less than their longer-serving colleagues. Consultation lengths for individual GPs range from a mean of 4.4 minutes to 11 minutes. Late middle-aged women (55–64 years) receive the longest consultations, followed by elderly people, with children receiving the shortest consultations. The number of topics raised affects the length of the consultation by about 1 minute per additional topic. When female patients consult female GPs, approximately 1 minute is added to the average consultation. A significant fraction of the variability in consultation lengths can be explained in terms of characteristics of patients, of GPs and of practices. Conclusions: The fact that there is little unexplained variation in GP consultation lengths that might be attributable to variations in quality (i.e. GP-related) throws doubt on the proposition that length of consultation can be used as a marker for quality of consultation in general practice.
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Huang, Yu Chuan, and Shu Hui Chan. "The Trading Behavior of Attention Securities with Different Closing Mechanisms: Evidence from Taiwan." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 17, no. 04 (November 28, 2014): 1450026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021909151450026x.
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On 1 July, 2002, the Taiwan Stock Exchange changed its closing mechanism to a five-minute call auction to limit market manipulation at day's end and enhance the fairness of the closing price. This paper examines the effect of the new closing mechanism on the behavior of attention securities and analyzes the role of each trader type in attention securities' behavior. After the new mechanism, market volatility improved, trading activity and order aggressiveness reduced, while liquidity deteriorated. The closing prices of attention securities are mainly influenced by large individual investors and by domestic institutions, with the large individual investors showing the most intention to influence prices upward during the closing interval both before and after implementation of the five-minute call auction. However, introduction of the five-minute call auction made it more difficult and costly to influence closing prices.
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Ngu, Johnny Ong King, Darrien Yau Seng Mah, and Charles Hin Joo Bong. "Flow characteristics of individual lot stormwater detention." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.079.
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In this paper the flow characteristics of stormwater are analyzed as it travels from a roof gutter down-pipe and the turbulent flow generated on entering an individual lot on-site stormwater detention (OSD) unit beneath a residential carport. Comparison was made between a full-scale model and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to determine the flow characteristics. These modular tanks with multi-unit chambers can capture the roof run-off from a 15-minute, 10-year return period storm. The results from the physical and CFD models matched well, suggesting that turbulent flow occurs when stormwater is directed to an individual lot stormwater detention tank. However, turbulence in the OSD was concentrated around the inlet, after which the pattern changed from turbulent to laminar flow. This work implies that the use of modular underground storage tanks is practical for managing stormwater from a roof.
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Dlugonski, Deirdre, Katrina Drowatzky DuBose, and Patrick Rider. "Accelerometer-Measured Patterns of Shared Physical Activity Among Mother–Young Child Dyads." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 14, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 808–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2017-0028.
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Background:Many mothers and young children are not meeting physical activity guidelines. Parent–child coparticipation in physical activity (ie, shared physical activity) provides opportunities for social modeling and might be associated with child physical activity. There is very little information about shared physical activity using objective measures.Methods:Participants (N = 17 mother–young child dyads) completed a demographic survey and height/weight measurements, and wore a Bluetooth® accelerometer for 1 week. Accelerometers were initialized using the proximity function to yield both individual and proximity [a minute-by-minute log of whether the 2 accelerometers were in- or out-of-range (∼50 m or less)] data. Shared physical activity was calculated in MATLAB by overlaying individual and proximity accelerometer data.Results:Mother–child dyads spent approximately 2 hours per day in shared time that was mostly shared sedentary activities. Less than 1% of shared minutes per day were spent in shared moderate to vigorous physical activity.Conclusions:Mothers and young children spent a small portion of their day in shared activities. Most mother–child shared time was spent in sedentary or light activities rather than moderate to vigorous physical activity. This method for objectively measuring shared physical activity provides novel information about the context in which physical activity occurs and could be used to understand patterns of physical activity among other dyads.
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Blaginin, Аndrey A., Maxim V. Kaltygin, Oleg V. Kotov, Sergey N. Sinelnikov, and Ruslan A. Dzankisov. "Influence of individual psychological features on the functional state of aviation specialists in conditions of hypobaric hypoxia." Medical academic journal 19, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/maj19129.
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The study is devoted to the study of the influence of individual psychological characteristics of the personality of aviation specialists on the tolerability of moderate degrees of hypobaric hypoxia, simulated in a pressure chamber. The study included the assessment of physiological parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood saturation, Roufier index) and psychophysiological indicators (critical frequency of light flickering fusion, complex sensorimotor response, indicators of subjective assessment of the state (SAN test)) depending on the level of neuroticism, extroversion and personal anxiety level.
As a result of the study, it was found that the functional state of the body of subjects with high levels of neuroticism in hypobaric hypoxia changes significantly than in subjects with low levels of neuroticism, which is confirmed by a more pronounced decrease in health, activity and mood by 17.5% (p 0.01), 16.9% (p 0.05) and 9% (p 0.01), respectively, an increase in the time of complex sensorimotor response by 12.6% (p 0.01), as well as more pronounced functional changes in the cardiovascular system.
It was revealed that changes in some physiological parameters in extroverts had a large negative dynamics in hypoxia, so the increase in the Roufier index in the group of introverts at 30, 60 minutes and after the rise by 97.3%, 98.6% and 15.1%, respectively, against an increase of 118.2%, 123.6% and 16.4% in the group of extroverts was revealed. In the group of extroverts, an increase in the time of complex sensorimotor response after the end of the study was found by 8.0% (p 0.05), an increase in critical frequency of light flickering fusion compared to the indicators obtained before the rise by 5.2% (p 0.05).
It is established that the functional status of subjects with high levels of trait anxiety had a more pronounced negative trend in terms of the effects of hypobaric hypoxia, which is confirmed by a significant higher values of the Roufier index in groups with high levels of trait anxiety, with the background study, 30th, 60th minute and after rising; extending the time complex sensorimotor response to 45 minute 6.1% (p 0.05), and after altitude study by 9.5% (p 0.01); by the 40th minute of stay in the hyperbaric chamber the indicators of well-being decreased by 20.3% (p 0.01), activity by 18.8% (p 0.05) and mood by 13.7% (p 0.01).
Thus, it was shown that in assessing the tolerability of moderate degrees of hypoxia, it is necessary to take into account the dependence of changes in the functional state of the organism on individual psychological characteristics.
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Haines, Douglas A., and Mark E. Raizenne. "Ambulatory Minute Ventilation Estimated from Heart Rate Monitoring in Girls." Pediatric Exercise Science 4, no. 2 (May 1992): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.4.2.142.
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Models to indirectly estimate minute ventilation (V̇E) from heart rate (HR) monitored during normal activity were developed. VE-to-HR relationships were established from V̇E and HR measured in a graded cycle ergometer test performed by 99 girls, 7-14 years of age. The regression In V̇E = a + (b × HR) was a better predictor of V̇E, when individually determined, than were generalized prediction equations. V̇E, estimated by applying individual VE-to-HR regressions to HR monitored over 10 daytime hours, ranged between 11.5 and 14.5 L·min−1. This is a practical method of estimating V̇E, but further validation of the relationships with HR under various modes of exercise are necessary to improve the prediction in everyday settings.
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Liu, Tingting, Younghoon Lim, and Joonki Paik. "Application of Time in New Media Art : Centered on Individual Artwork “Every Minute and Every Second”." TECHART: Journal of Arts and Imaging Science 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15323/techart.2019.2.6.1.1.
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Forlani, Sylvie, and Jean-François Nicolas. "Quantification of minute levels of β galactosidase in individual 2- to 16-cell-stage mouse embryos." Trends in Genetics 12, no. 12 (December 1996): 498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9525(96)90043-8.
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Singh, Favil, Carl Foster, David Tod, and Michael R. McGuigan. "Monitoring Different Types of Resistance Training Using Session Rating of Perceived Exertion." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 2, no. 1 (March 2007): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.1.34.
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Purpose:To evaluate the effectiveness of session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) to measure effort during different types of resistance training.Method:Fifteen male subjects (age 26.7 ± 4.3 years) performed 3 protocols. All protocols consisted of same 5 exercises but with different intensities, rest periods, and numbers of repetitions. One-repetition maximum (1-RM) was defined as the maximal amount of weight that an individual could lift 1 time without support. The strength protocol included 3 sets of 5 repetitions at 90% of 1-RM with 3 minutes rest between. The hypertrophy session included 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 70% with 1 minute of rest, and the power session included 3 sets of 5 repetitions at 50% with 3 minutes of rest. Session RPE is a modification of the standard RPE scale. Session and standard RPE were measured after the completion of each set and 30 minutes postexercise, respectively.Results:Results showed a difference between both the 2 RPE values of the strength and hypertrophy protocols (P ≤ .05) but no difference between mean and session RPE values for the power protocol. During the familiarization session, session RPE was measured at 5-minute intervals for 30 minutes postexercise. There was a significant difference (P ≤ .05) between the mean RPE values at the fifth and tenth minutes postexercise when compared with 30 minutes postexercise. All other session RPE values showed no significant difference.Conclusion:The session RPE method appears to be effective in monitoring different types of resistance training, and session RPE after 30 minutes was a better indicator of the overall resistance sessions than average RPE.
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Saito-Tanji, Yuka, Emi Tsujimoto, Reiko Taketani, Ami Yamamoto, and Hisae Ono. "Effectiveness of Simple Individual Psychoeducation for Bipolar II Disorder." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6062801.
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Several studies have proven the effectiveness of psychoeducation in bipolar II disorder patients; however, simpler psychoeducation is needed in daily medical practice. Therefore, we devised a simple individual psychoeducation program, which involved 20-minute sessions spent reading a textbook aloud in the waiting time before examination. Here, we report a successful case of simple individual psychoeducation with a patient with bipolar II disorder, a 64-year-old woman who had misconceptions surrounding her mood due to 24 years of treatment for depression. Her perception of mood state, particularly mixed state, was dramatically changed, and her quality of life was improved after the simple individual psychoeducation. This case suggests that the simple individual psychoeducation could be effective for bipolar II disorder by improving understanding of the disease and by meeting different individual needs.
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Raventos, N., B. Ferrari, and S. Planes. "Differences in population parameters and behaviour of the herbivorous fish Sarpa salpa between protected and unprotected seagrass meadows in the north-western Mediterranean." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 6 (May 18, 2009): 1153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409000423.
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Population parameters and behaviour of the herbivorous fish Sarpa salpa, present differences between protected and non-protected seagrass meadows of the north-western Mediterranean Sea. Larger individuals are more abundant inside protected areas, where their grazing pressure on seagrass is disproportionately greater than that of smaller fish feeding on algae and seagrass in unprotected areas. The feeding rate (bites per minute per individual) of smaller fish in unprotected areas is relatively high; however, the denser populations of larger fish in protected areas consume more forage because individual mouth gape is greater and larger fish remove more forage per bite. All these differences suggest a higher impact on seagrass meadows inside protected areas.
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Matsangas, Panagiotis, and Nita Lewis Shattuck. "Agreement between the 3-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) Embedded in a Wrist-worn Device and the Laptop-based PVT." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621151.
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The study assesses the agreement between the 3-minute version of the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) with an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 2 to 10 seconds and the validated 3-minute laptop-based PVT (ISI=1-4 seconds). The experiment utilized a randomized, within-subject, repeated-measures design with three factors (PVT device type, the backlight feature of the wrist-worn device, ambient lighting). Results show the differences in reaction times (RT) between devices are incrementally associated with the magnitude of the RTs. These differences tend to be in opposing directions when the backlight feature in the wrist-worn device is on. That is, RTs in the wrist-worn device tend to be faster compared to the laptop for (on average) faster individuals, whereas (on average) slower individuals tend to do better in the laptop compared to the wrist-worn device. The proportional bias introduced by the wrist-worn device compared to the laptop makes it difficult to translate individual RTs between different devices. The proportional bias, however, may work in favor for detecting differences between slow and fast RTs.
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Dida, Merrick, Corinne Cian, Pierre-Alain Barraud, Michel Guerraz, and Rafael Laboissière. "Idiosyncratic multisensory reweighting as the common cause for motion sickness susceptibility and adaptation to postural perturbation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): e0260863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260863.
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Numerous empirical and modeling studies have been done to find a relationship between postural stability and the susceptibility to motion sickness (MS). However, while the demonstration of a causal relationship between postural stability and the susceptibility to MS is still lacking, recent studies suggest that motion sick individuals have genuine deficits in selecting and reweighting multimodal sensory information. Here we investigate how the adaptation to changing postural situations develops and how the dynamics in multisensory integration is modulated on an individual basis along with MS susceptibility. We used a postural task in which participants stood on a posturographic platform with either eyes open (EO) or eyes closed (EC) during three minutes. The platform was static during the first minute (baseline phase), oscillated harmonically during the second minute (perturbation phase) and returned to its steady state for the third minute (return phase). Principal component (PC) analysis was applied to the sequence of short-term power density spectra of the antero-posterior position of the center of pressure. Results showed that the less motion-sick a participant is, the more similar is his balance between high and low frequencies for EO and EC conditions (as calculated from the eigenvector of the first PC). By fitting exponential decay models to the first PC score in the return phase, we estimated, for each participant in each condition, the sluggishness to return to the baseline spectrum. We showed that the de-adaptation following platform oscillation depends on the susceptibility to MS. These results suggest that non motion-sick participants finely adjust their spectrum in the perturbation phase (i.e. reweighting) and therefore take longer to return to their initial postural control particularly with eyes closed. Thus, people have idiosyncratic ways of doing sensory reweighting for postural control, these processes being tied to MS susceptibility.
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Laskar, Tanmoy, W. M. Goss, and B. Ashley Zauderer. "Intrinsic Sizes of the W3 (OH) Masers via Short Time Scale Variability." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S287 (January 2012): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312007533.
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AbstractWe present a study of short time-scale variability of OH masers within a contiguous 15-hour Very Long Baseline Array observation of the high-mass star-forming region, W3 (OH). With an angular resolution of ~7 mas and a velocity resolution of 53 m s−1, we isolate emission from masers in the field into individual Gaussian-shaped components, each a few milliarcseconds in size. We compute dynamic spectra for individual maser features with a time resolution of 1 minute by fitting for the flux density of all sources in the field simultaneously in the uv-domain. We isolate intrinsic maser variability from interstellar scintillation and instrumental effects. We find fluctuations in the maser line shape on time scales of 5 to 20 minutes, corresponding to maser column lengths of 0.5 to 2.0 Astronomical Units.
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Rutter, G. A., M. K. Loder, and M. A. Ravier. "Rapid three-dimensional imaging of individual insulin release events by Nipkow disc confocal microscopy." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0340675.
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Minute-to-minute control of the release of insulin by pancreatic β-cells in response to glucose or other stimuli requires the precise delivery of large dense-core vesicles to the plasma membrane and regulated exocytosis. At present, the precise spatial organization at the cell surface and the nature of these events (‘transient’ versus ‘full fusion’) are debated. In order to monitor secretory events simultaneously over most of the surface of clusters of single MIN6 β-cells, we have expressed recombinant neuropeptide Y-Venus (an enhanced and vesicle-targeted form of yellow fluorescent protein) as an insulin surrogate. Individual exocytotic events were monitored using Nipkow spinning disc confocal microscopy, with acquisition of a three-dimensional complete image (eight to twelve confocal slices) in <1 s, in response to cell depolarization. Corroborating earlier studies using TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescence) microscopy, this approach indicates that events occur with roughly equal probability over the entire cell surface, with only minimal clustering in individual areas, and provides no evidence for multiple events at the same site. Nipkow disc confocal imaging may thus provide a useful tool to determine whether event types occur at different sites at the cell surface and to explore the role of endocytic proteins including dynamin-1 and -2 in terminating individual exocytotic events.
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Dannock, R. J., S. P. Blomberg, and A. W. Goldizen. "Individual variation in vigilance in female eastern grey kangaroos." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 4 (2013): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12122.
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For herbivores, vigilance usually involves a trade-off with foraging, and a further trade-off between antipredator and social vigilance. Thus individual variation in vigilance may result in significant fitness consequences. We used mixed-effects models to document individual variation in vigilance in wild adult female eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in Queensland, Australia. We tested the effects of group size, presence of adult males and wind on vigilance patterns and variation by analysing 399 five-minute samples on 31 individually identified females who were foraging on the periphery of groups. We determined the proportion of time that individuals spent vigilant, and the proportions of vigilance time spent in social versus antipredator vigilance and in low- versus high-intensity vigilance postures. The proportion of time females spent vigilant decreased with increasing group size but was not affected by wind speed or male presence, while the amount of their vigilance time spent in social vigilance was affected by interactions among the variables. After controlling for these effects, 13 females’ vigilance patterns were significantly different from the population mean. Individual variation was also found in vigilance postures used and the effect of male presence. Understanding individual variation in vigilance is important for understanding individuals’ antipredator and social strategies.
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PORDEA, Daniela, and Alin-Constantin DUMITRESCU. "Convergence to IFRS in Romania – Score per Minute." Audit Financiar 19, no. 162 (May 20, 2021): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20869/auditf/2021/162/013.
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The current stage of evolution of our society includes the extension of economic, social and political phenomena beyond the physical boundaries that history has drawn and thus requires a change in approach to accounting by adapting specific practices to the new needs of the market. The impact of digitization leads to the visible dissolution of borders and the generalization of accounting practices and tools. The accounting profession is moving towards increasing standardization and national regulations in this area tend to become more international, in an attempt to optimize one of the most important qualities of financial reporting: comparability. In this context, the present study aimed to compare and analyze the divergences between the Romanian accounting regulations applied according to EU Directive 34/2013 through the Order of the Minister of Public Finance no. 1802/2014 for the approval of the Accounting Regulations regarding the individual annual financial statements and the consolidated annual financial statements (OMFP 1802/2014) and the International Financial Reporting Standards. In terms of research methodology, the authors’ approach is a qualitative one with quantitative elements, starting from the analysis of the relevant literature in order to understand and deepen the general context. To investigate the main similarities and differences between the sets of accounting rules the comparative method was used, but also tools specific to quantitative methods for the mathematical calculation of convergence scores between OMFP 1802/2014 and IFRS. Although the Romanian accounting framework has been aligned in many respects with the international one, the obtained results reveal a series of divergences between the two sets of regulations, materialized in different ways of approaching economic transactions.
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Grun, Tobias B., and James H. Nebelsick. "Structural design of the minute clypeasteroid echinoid Echinocyamus pusillus." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 5 (May 2018): 171323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171323.
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The clypeasteroid echinoid skeleton is a multi-plated, light-weight shell construction produced by biomineralization processes. In shell constructions, joints between individual elements are considered as weak points, yet these echinoid skeletons show an extensive preservation potential in both Recent and fossil environments. The remarkable strength of the test is achieved by skeletal reinforcement structures and their constructional layouts. Micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy are used for microstructural and volumetric analyses of the echinoid's skeleton. It is shown that strengthening mechanisms act on different hierarchical levels from the overall shape of the skeleton to skeletal interlocking. The tight-fitting and interlocking plate joints lead to a shell considered to behave as a monolithic structure. The plate's architecture features distinct regions interpreted as a significant load-transferring system. The internal support system follows the segmentation of the remaining skeleton, where sutural layout and stereom distribution are designed for effective load transfer. The structural analysis of the multi-plated, yet monolithic skeleton of Echinocyamus pusillus reveals new aspects of the micro-morphology and its structural relevance for the load-bearing behaviour. The analysed structural principles allow E. pusillus to be considered as a role model for the development of multi-element, light-weight shell constructions.
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Fox, Jordan L., Jesse Green, and Aaron T. Scanlan. "Not All About the Effort? A Comparison of Playing Intensities During Winning and Losing Game Quarters in Basketball." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0448.
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Purpose: To compare peak and average intensities encountered during winning and losing game quarters in basketball players. Methods: Eight semiprofessional male basketball players (age = 23.1 [3.8] y) were monitored during all games (N = 18) over 1 competitive season. The average intensities attained in each quarter were determined using microsensors and heart-rate monitors to derive relative values (per minute) for the following variables: PlayerLoad, frequency of high-intensity and total accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction, jumps, and total inertial movement analysis events combined, as well as modified summated-heart-rate-zones workload. The peak intensities reached in each quarter were determined using microsensors and reported as PlayerLoad per minute over 15-second, 30-second, 1-minute, 2-minute, 3-minute, 4-minute, and 5-minute sample durations. Linear mixed models and effect sizes were used to compare intensity variables between winning and losing game quarters. Results: Nonsignificant (P > .05), unclear–small differences were evident between winning and losing game quarters in all variables. Conclusions: During winning and losing game quarters, peak and average intensities were similar. Consequently, factors other than the intensity of effort applied during games may underpin team success in individual game quarters and therefore warrant further investigation.
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Ensing, Sabine, Marie Claire Engelen, Pieter Tamminga, Ameen Abu-Hanna, Ben Willem Mol, and Anita Ravelli. "707: Association between value of the individual components of the 5 minute apgar score and neonatal outcome." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 212, no. 1 (January 2015): S345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.913.
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Crozier, Denise, and Katherine Martin. "Fifteen-minute consultation: Epilepsy in the child with intellectual disabilities—the challenges." Archives of disease in childhood - Education & practice edition 105, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-316979.
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The paediatric epilepsies are a challenging group of disorders to assess and manage appropriately. This may be because of factors relating to the epilepsy itself, to the difficulties associated with obtaining an appropriate history and investigations or to factors relating to the individual child or young person such as other health issues. This paper discusses the particular challenges of assessing and managing epilepsies in children with intellectual disabilities (with or without other comorbidities) with a view to raising awareness of potential pitfalls in this field and ultimately improving the standards of epilepsy care that are offered to this complex group of children.
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Zheljazkov, Valtcho D., Tess Astatkie, Barry O'Brocki, and Ekaterina Jeliazkova. "Essential Oil Composition and Yield of Anise from Different Distillation Times." HortScience 48, no. 11 (November 2013): 1393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.11.1393.
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Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is a spice, an essential oil crop, and a medicinal plant with a long history of use. Anise seed oil is extracted from anise seed through steam distillation. There is no experimentally established optimal time for distillation of anise seed. We hypothesized that the distillation time (DT) can be customized for optimum yield and composition of anise essential oil. In this study, we determined the effect of nine steam DTs (5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, and 480 minutes) on essential oil yield and essential oil composition of anise seed. We developed regression models to predict essential oil yield, the concentration of individual constituents, and the yield of these constituents as a function of DT. Highest essential oil yield (2.0 g/100 g seed, 2%) was obtained at 360-minute DT. The concentration of transanethole, the major anise oil constituent, varied from 93.5% to 96.2% (as a percent of the total oil) and generally was high at 15- to 60-minute DT and low at 240- to 480-minute DT. However, the yield of transanethole (calculated from the essential oil yield and the concentration of transanethole in the oil) increased with increasing DT to reach maximum at 360-minute DT. The concentration of the other oil constituents varied significantly depending on the DT, and some of them were higher at the shorter DT than at the longer DT. However, the yields of these constituents were highest at longer DT (either 360 or 480 minutes). DT can be used to obtain anise essential oil with different composition that would benefit the essential oil industry. This study demonstrated the need for providing DT in reports where anise seed essential oil yield and composition are discussed. This article can also be used as a reference point for comparing studies in which different DTs were used to extract essential oil from anise seed.
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Massidda, Luca, and Marino Marrocu. "Smart Meter Forecasting from One Minute to One Year Horizons." Energies 11, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 3520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123520.
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The ability to predict consumption is an essential tool for the management of a power distribution network. The availability of an advanced metering infrastructure through smart meters makes it possible to produce consumption forecasts down to the level of the individual user and to introduce intelligence and control at every level of the grid. While aggregate load forecasting is a mature technology, single user forecasting is a more difficult problem to address due to the multiple factors affecting consumption, which are not always easily predictable. This work presents a hybrid machine learning methodology based on random forest (RF) and linear regression (LR) for the deterministic and probabilistic forecast of household consumption at different time horizons and resolutions. The approach is based on the separation of long term effects (RF) from short term ones (LR), producing deterministic and probabilistic forecasts. The proposed procedure is applied to a public dataset, achieving a deterministic forecast accuracy much higher than other methodologies, in all scenarios analyzed. This covers horizons of forecast from one minute to one year, and highlights the great added value provided by probabilistic forecasting.
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Jiménez, A., P. L. Pallé, F. Pérez Hernández, C. Régulo, T. Roca Cortés, V. Domingo, and S. Korzennik. "Earth based observations of solar luminosity oscillations." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 123 (1988): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900157766.
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Earth based multichannel photometry of integral sunlight has been obtained at Izaña (Tenerife) during 1984–1986. Power spectra of the solar luminosity variations of individual days show power in the 5 minute interval above noise at a level comparable to SMM datad). When combining contigous days of data the signature of p mode solar oscillations spectrum appears* although individual peak identification is difficult.
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Li, Kuan-yi, Yu-ju Cho, and Rou-shayn Chen. "The Effect of Whole-Body Vibration on Proprioception and Motor Function for Individuals with Moderate Parkinson Disease: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial." Occupational Therapy International 2021 (December 17, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9441366.
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Introduction. Previous studies have shown that whole-body vibration (WBV) may have a potential impact on gait and balance in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, this body of work has proven inconclusive due to the diverse disease progression and broad age range associated with PD. The effects of WBV on proprioception, a sense frequently affected by PD, has rarely been studied. Objective. To investigate the short-term effect of WBV on proprioception and motor function for individual with moderate PD. Design. A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting. A hospital and a laboratory. Participants. 32 participants with moderate PD were recruited and randomly assigned into either the WBV or conventional therapy groups. Interventions. For the WBV group, each treatment session included five, one-minute bouts of whole-body vibration paired with one-minute rest (frequency: 6 Hz; amplitude: 3 mm). Each conventional therapy participant received balance and mobility training for 10 minutes. Main Outcome Measures. Outcome measures included proprioceptive sensitivity of the upper limb, position sense of the knee joint, Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale : motor section (UPDRS-motor), functional reach test (FRT), and the timed up and go test (TUG). Results. No statistically significant difference was found between groups. However, both groups showed a significant improvement in motor function after treatment, including UPDRS-motor ( P = 0.04 ), less affected side of FRT ( P = 0.019 ), and TUG ( P = 0.006 ). Conclusions. Although the effect of WBV was not superior to the conventional therapy, it provided a passive and safe clinical intervention as an alternative treatment, especially for individuals with motor impairment or poor balance function.
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House, J. R., H. Lunt, A. Magness, and J. Lyons. "Testing the Effectiveness of Techniques for Reducing Heat Strain in Royal Navy Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Cleansing Stations' Teams." Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service 89, no. 1 (March 2003): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-89-27.
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AbstractNine personnel simulating the work of an NBC cleansing station (CS) in conditions expected in Middle Eastern waters had a limited work duration due to incapacitating heat strain. When the subjects were allowed five minutes rest periods after every 10 minutes of work, the endurance of seven of the subjects was limited to between 75-105 minutes due to heat strain and heat illness. By the point of withdrawal mean (SD) rectal temperature (Tre) had risen by 1.8°C (0.4°C). The other two subjects were withdrawn earlier because they reached cardiac safety limits. When the hands were immersed (HI) in 10°C water during the five minute rest periods heat strain was significantly lower (P<0.01) and work endurance times were increased. One subject was withdrawn early on reaching cardiac safety limits, two on reaching Tre limits (39°C) at 105 minutes, and six subjects completed the 180 minute exposure with a final Tre of 38.4°C (0.3°C). Using ‘iced’ (0°C) rather than 10°C water for HI further reduced heat strain (P<0.01) and increased endurance times. Three subjects were withdrawn early on reaching cardiac safety limits, the remaining six completing the 180 minute exposure, with a final Tre of 38.3°C (0.5°C). Using an ice-vest (IV) in conjunction with HI further reduced heat strain (PcO.Ol) and increased endurance times. Two subjects were withdrawn early on reaching cardiac safety limits, the remaining seven completing the 180 minute exposure, with a final Tre of 38.2°C (0.8°C) when 10°C HI water was used, and Tre 38.0°C (0.4°C) when 0°C HI water was used. There were no reports of finger numbness or loss of dexterity due to HI, and all personnel were able to remove their own Individual Protective Equipment (IPE) without difficulty. It is expected that using HI will not reduce the ability to decontaminate or undress others. The HI technique and IV equipment should be introduced into the Fleet. ‘Iced’ water should be used in preference to 10°C, although any water colder than 25°C will provide some benefit. The IVs increased torso girth and personnel should try them on (with frozen ice packs inserted) prior to their use and ensure that their protective clothing still fits, or obtain a larger size.
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Беляева and Viktoriya Belyaeva. "The features of adaptation possibilities of the suvorov military school students withdifferent chronotype." Vladikavkaz Medico-Biological Bulletin 21, no. 31 (January 1, 2015): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17131.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of the chronotype, parameters of the bioelectrograms, indicators of the chronotop spatial-temporal perception of the Suvorov Military School students of 13–14 years old. The representatives of expressed morning chronotype dominate among them. “Individual minute” in the students practically coincides with the astronomical minute. It was found out that the parameter of bioelectrogram «fractality» is above in the students with indifferent chronotype, but “mood” is lower than that in the students with expressed morning chronotype.
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Pytel, A. A., and S. O. Kovalenko. "Effects of Breath-Holding Tests on PetCO2 and Arterial Blood Oxygenation in Men." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 5 (October 27, 2021): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.05.423.
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To evaluate the state of external respiration system, breath-holding tests are usually used. However, there are few studies of the peculiarities of the gas exchange in breath-holding with previous hyperventilation. The purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of changes in the PetCO2 level and arterial blood oxygenation during breath-holding tests with and without previous hyperventilation in healthy young men. Materials and methods. The СО2 level was recorded in the side stream on the Datex Normocap capnograph (Datex, Finland). This value was recorded for 5 minutes at rest, 5 minutes after half-breath hold, for 5 minutes of regulated breathing with a frequency of 30 cycles per minute, 5 minutes after half-breath hold. The capnogram, atmospheric pressure level and humidity were used to assess the level of СО2 at the end of exhalation (PetCO2), respiratory rate, the ratio of inspiratory duration to expiratory duration (Rie). Statistical processing of the results was performed by parametric methods. According to the method of sigmoid deviation, three groups of individuals were distinguished by the PetCO2 level: I – PetCO2 < 32.7 mmHg, II – PetCO2 – 32.7-36.2 mmHg, III – PetCO2 > 36.2 mmHg. Results and discussion. Breath-holding during the test after hyperventilation was significantly greater than in the first attempt (62.99±3.31 s and 33.78±2.24 s, p <0.001). Visual qualitative and quantitative analysis of capnograms and graphs of arterial blood oxygenation revealed significant inter-individual features of the reactions of these indicators to tests. Therefore, changes in PetCO2 were compared depending on its initial level. After the breath-holding test, the PetCO2 levels on average during the 5-minute recovery reliably decreased in groups II and III compared with I. During the test with hyperventilation, a natural significant increase in its level of reactivity was registered, most pronounced in group III (-13.48 mmHg, p <0.001). After the second breath-holding, there was a decrease in PetCO2 compared to the level after the first breath-holding in all groups. However, the level of HbO2 in the tests differed only in group II. Thus, after a breath-holding test, individuals with relatively low PetCO2 did not have its decrease in contrast to those with relatively medium and high levels. The use of hyperventilation potentiates these reactions before breath-holding, and aligns their level after a long recovery period in different groups. Conclusion. The study shows that breath-holding tests without and after hyperventilation significantly affect the level of CO2 stress and arterial blood oxygenation; the breath-holding test after hyperventilation potentiates the decrease in PetCO2 and HbO2 in arterial blood by increasing breath-holding time. There are significant individual features in the reactivity of such physiological parameters
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Morel-Journel, Thibaut, Camille Piponiot, Elodie Vercken, and Ludovic Mailleret. "Evidence for an optimal level of connectivity for establishment and colonization." Biology Letters 12, no. 11 (November 2016): 20160704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0704.
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Dispersal is usually associated with the spread of invasive species, but it also has two opposing effects, one decreasing and the other increasing the probability of establishment. Indeed, dispersal both slows population growth at the site of introduction and increases the likelihood of surrounding habitat being colonized. The connectivity of the introduction site is likely to affect dispersal, and, thus, establishment, according to the dispersal behaviour of individuals. Using individual-based models and microcosm experiments on minute wasps, we demonstrated the existence of a hump-shaped relationship between connectivity and establishment in situations in which individual dispersal resembled a diffusion process. These results suggest that there is an optimal level of connectivity for the establishment of introduced populations locally at the site of introduction, and regionally over the whole landscape.
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Naik, Lopamudra. "Effect of yogic relaxation technique on auditory and visual reaction times." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20211888.
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Background: Human beings receive various types of stimuli in day to day life and respond to them accordingly. The time taken to receive a stimulus, it's processing and giving a response is different for every individual at minute level, in milliseconds. This time interval is called reaction time. Various yogic practices are found to influence the Reaction Time of individuals. Aim of the work was to evaluate the immediate effect of deep relaxation technique on auditory and visual reaction time.Methods: Auditory and visual reaction times have been measured using simple reaction time tasks in Inquisit software (version 4.0.10.0). 115 healthy yoga students from SVYASA Yoga university, between the age group of 20 to 50 years were taken for the study. Pre and post measurements of auditory reaction time and visual reaction time was done.10 minutes of pre-recorded DRT was given as intervention and immediately after that reaction times were measured.Results: There was a significant decline in the ART and VRT observed in the Post DRT condition. Statistical analysis was carried out using JASP software.Conclusions: The significant decrease in Auditory and Visual Reaction Time shows that DRT helps to increase the awareness and attention of individuals.
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Saldanha da Silva Athayde, Marina, Rafael L. Kons, and Daniele Detanico. "An Exploratory Double-Blind Study of Caffeine Effects on Performance and Perceived Exertion in Judo." Perceptual and Motor Skills 126, no. 3 (February 13, 2019): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512519826726.
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This study analyzed the effects of caffeine ingestion during judo matches on judo athletes' match-derived performance and perceived exertion responses. We applied a double-blind randomized crossover (caffeine vs. placebo conditions) research design. Twelve male athletes performed three 5-minute matches separated by 15 minutes of passive rest. Immediately after each match, the athletes completed ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs), and one minute before beginning the second and third matches, they provided ratings of perceived recovery (RPRs). We filmed all matches for subsequent analysis of the athletes' technical skills. We found no interaction between condition and time of RPE, RPR, and match-derived technical variables, but number of attacks and RPR decreased over the matches, and RPE increased in both conditions. Three participants showed individual positive responses to caffeine ingestion for number of attacks. Attacks, efficiency, and effectiveness presented low sensitivity in both conditions, as only large changes could be identified. We conclude that caffeine ingestion did not provoke changes in either perceived exertion or match-derived performance. Match-derived technical variables were not sensitive for detecting small or medium effects of caffeine, but perceived exertion may detect at least medium effect after caffeine ingestion.
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Clemens, K. E., D. R. Cerutis, L. R. Burger, C. Q. Yang, and D. J. Pintel. "Cloning of minute virus of mice cDNAs and preliminary analysis of individual viral proteins expressed in murine cells." Journal of Virology 64, no. 8 (1990): 3967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.64.8.3967-3973.1990.
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