Academic literature on the topic 'Individual minute'
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Journal articles on the topic "Individual minute"
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Zheljazkov, Valtcho D., Tess Astatkie, Thomas Horgan, Vicki Schlegel, and Xavier Simonnet. "Distillation Time Effect on Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Sagewort (Artemisia annua L.) Oil." HortScience 48, no. 10 (October 2013): 1288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.10.1288.
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Sweet sagewort, also known as sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.), contains essential oil and other natural products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight different distillation times (DTs; 1.25 minutes, 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes, 80 minutes, and 160 minutes) on A. annua essential oil and its antioxidant capacity. Highest essential oil yield was achieved at 160-minute DT. The concentration of camphor (8.7% to 50% in the oil) was highest at the shorter DT and reached a minimum at 160-minute DT. The concentration of borneol showed a similar trend as the concentration of camphor. The concentrations of some constituents in the oil were highest at 2.5-minute DT (alpha-pinene and camphene), at 10 minutes (paracymene), at 20 minutes (beta-chamigrene and gamma-himachalene), at 80 minutes [transmuurola-4(15),5-diene and spathulenol], at 80- to 160-minute DT (caryophylene oxide and cis-cadin-4-en-ol), or at 160-minute DT (beta-caryophyllene, transbeta-farnesene, and germacrene-D). The yield of individual constituents reached maximum at 20- to 160-minute DT (camphor) at 80- to 160-minute DT [paracymene, borneol, transmuurola-4(15),5-diene, and spathulenol], or at 160-minute DT (for the rest of the oil constituents). DT can be used to attain A. annua essential oil with differential and possibly targeted specific chemical profile. The highest antioxidant capacity of the oil was obtained at 20-minute DT and the lowest from the oil in the 5-minute DT. This study suggests that literature reports on essential oil content and composition of A. annua could be compared only if the essential oil was extracted at similar DTs. Therefore, DT must be reported when reporting data on essential oil content and composition of A. annua.
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Souto Filho, José Morais, Caio Victor de Sousa, Thiago dos Santos Rosa, and Herbert Gustavo Simões. "Greater muscle strength is associated with reduced autonomic reactivity." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): e16510615593. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15593.
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We aimed to investigate the autonomic responses to cold pressor test (CPT) in individual with different levels of muscle strength. 57 male subjects participated in the study. Volunteers were divided in tertiles according to their level of relative handgrip strength as Low (LS), Medium (MS) and High (HS). For the CPT the volunteers remained seated in resting for 15 minutes and inserted the right hand in cold water for two minutes. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken at rest, during CPT and during recovery. HRV was continuously recorded during the entire protocol. All three groups had similar BP variation, with the values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) increasing during CPT and diminishing during recovery until the third minute. At the first CPT minute LS group showed a substantial increase in low-frequency (LF) activity and a diminished high frequency (HF). LS also presented higher and lower values of LF and HF, respectively, than MS group at the first CPT minute. HS showed an increased vagal activity during recovery. In conclusion, individuals from LS presented similar BP responses to CPT than MS and HS groups but with higher sympathetic activation. HS individuals presented an elevated vagal activity during recovery.
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Sady, Stanley P., Victor L. Katch, Kris Berg, and John Villanacci. "Individual Differences in Relative Endurance and Physiological Response for Prepubescents, Adolescents, and Adults." Pediatric Exercise Science 1, no. 1 (February 1989): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.1.1.54.
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The extent of individual differences in relative endurance and physiological response was examined in adolescent boys (n=22) and compared to data of prepubescent boys (n = 21) and adult men (n = 21). Subjects performed two (test and retest) relative endurance cycle ergometer tests at an initial rate of 105% V̇O2 max, which they attempted to maintain for 8 minutes. Relative endurance performance was defined as the revolutions for each minute of the test (RPM). There were no differences among groups for the total revolutions turned or the total percent dropoff from the initial rate. All groups had similar patterns for consistency of RPM except for Minute 3. The prepubescent boys exhibited the greatest within-individual variation (Si) for HR, especially after Minute 4 (p<.05). On the average, a greater proportion of the total variability in HR was due to Si in comparison to true individual differences (St) for the prepubescents (47%) than either the adolescents (13%) or the adults (11%). The adolescents had the lowest proportion of total variability in V̇O2 due to Si (adolescents 9%, adults 16%, prepubescents 26%). The data support an earlier hypothesis of a threshold age effect on the stability of individual differences for physiological response during relative endurance exercise. A change may occur during adolescence.
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Mucharraz y Cano, Yvette. "Minute Zero." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-04-2020-0113.
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Learning outcomes The expected learning outcomes are: to clarify the meaning of resilience and its attributes. To explore the influence of the leader on the development of organizational resilience. To identify critical decisions for the recovery of a business after an external event such as the earthquake that took place on September 19th in Mexico City. To point out the stages for the development of organizational resilience, in the short, and long term: anticipation, coping and adaptation. To clarify the actions that could be taken to prepare an organization for an extreme event or respond to a large-scale crisis. Case overview/synopsis The case is framed within the context of the September 19, 2017 earthquake in Mexico City. ProActive Strategies’ offices collapsed, causing some people to lose their lives and others to be injured. The protagonist needed to decide if the organization could survive and recover or needed to be closed after the earthquake. After ProActive Strategies survived and recovered, it was possible to identify the main stages to develop organizational resilience in this organization: anticipation, coping and adaptation. Also, the paper provides empirical evidence about how organizational resilience is anchored in the attributes at individual and community levels that include human, economic, social and political capitals, enhanced by technological capital. Furthermore, the enablers of resilience add external entities and the ecosystem at a macro-level, considering political, social and economic aspects of the context. Complexity academic level The study level and expertise required to address this case is medium. The richness of the discussion from the perspective of the students is related to the possibility to empathize with the protagonist and the different actors involved and to build on previous experience with crisis management to observe the potential risks and courses of action. Moreover, the professor also requires taking a neutral position to balance the requirements from a humanitarian perspective, with the business needs. Subject code Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 6: Human resource management.
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Weber, Walter P., Stefan Reck, Uschi Neff, Ramon Saccilotto, Marc Dangel, Manfred L. Rotter, Reno Frei, Daniel Oertli, Walter R. Marti, and Andreas F. Widmer. "Surgical Hand Antisepsis With Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Comparison of Effectiveness After 1.5 and 3 Minutes of Application." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 30, no. 5 (May 2009): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/596772.
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Objective.Research has shown 1.5 minutes of surgical hand antisepsis with alcohol-based hand rub to be at least as effective under experimental conditions as the 3-minute reference disinfection recommended by European Norm 12791. The aim of the present study was to validate the effectiveness of 1.5 minutes of surgical hand antisepsis in a clinical setting by comparing the effectiveness of 1.5- and 3-minute applications of alcohol-based hand rub (45% vol/vol 2-propanol, 30% vol/vol 1-propanol, and 0.2% mecetronium ethylsulphate).Design.Prospective crossover trial in which each surgeon served as his or her own control, with individual randomization to the 1.5-or the 3-minute group during the first part of the trial.Setting.Basel University Hospital, Switzerland.Participants.Thirty-two surgeons with different levels of postdoctoral training.Methods.We measured the bactericidal effectiveness of 1.5 minutes and 3 minutes of surgical hand antisepsis with alcohol-based hand rub by assessing the mean (± SD) log10 number of colony-forming units before the application of hand rub (baseline), after the application of hand rub (immediate effect), and after surgery (sustained effect) so as to follow European Norm 12791 as closely as possible.Results.The immediate mean (± SD) log10 reduction in colony-forming units (cfu) was 2.66 ±1.13 log10 cfu for the 1.5-minute group and 3.01 ±1.06 log10 cfu for the 3-minute group (P = .204). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to the sustained effect; the mean ( ± SD) log10 increase in bacterial density during surgery was 1.08 ± 1.13 log10 cfu for the 1.5-minute group and 0.95 ± 1.27 log10 cfu for the 3-minute group (P = .708). No adverse effects were recorded.Conclusion.In this clinical trial, surgical hand antisepsis with alcohol-based hand rub resulted in a similar bacterial reduction, regardless of whether it was applied for 3 or 1.5 minutes, which confirms experimental data generated with healthy volunteers.
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McConnell, Heather, James Brereton, Tom Rice, and Paul Rose. "Do Birds of a Feather Always Flock Together? Assessing Differences in Group and Individual Zoo Enclosure Usage by Comparing Commonly Available Methods." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 3, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg3010007.
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Data on zoo enclosure usage provide meaningful evaluation of husbandry and welfare but for social species, group-level data may not capture individual occupancy preferences. Determining zone occupancy using group data may give an inaccurate assessment of enclosure suitability for each individual. We compared three formulae (traditional and modified Spread of Participation Index and Electivity Index) to determine how estimations of space usage compare between individuals and their group overall. Two flamingo flocks at two zoos were sampled with enclosures separated into discrete zones. Counts of where each bird in the flock was located at each minute of sampling were compared against the number of minutes that randomly selected individual flamingos spent in each zone. Overall, there was little difference in preferred zone occupancy when flock data were compared to individual data. Group data suggested that flamingos were more consistent in their enclosure usage, with individual data showing wider overall usage of enclosures. Individual Electivity Index (EI) values suggested zone underuse whereas group EI suggested zone overuse. As a proxy for welfare measurement, we recommend both group-level and individual monitoring of space use to provide a complete picture of how individuals within a social group occupy their space and choose where to be.
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Mudalige, Priyantha, Petko S. Kalev, and Huu Nhan Duong. "Individual and institutional trading volume around firm-specific announcements." International Journal of Managerial Finance 12, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 422–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-01-2016-0007.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the immediate impact of firm-specific announcements on the trading volume of individual and institutional investors on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX), during a period when the market becomes fragmented. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses intraday trading volume data in five-minute intervals prior to and after firm-specific announcements to measure individual and institutional abnormal volume. There are 70 such intervals per trading day and 254 trading days in the sample period. The first 10 minutes of trading (from 10.00 to 10.10 a.m.) is excluded to avoid the effect of opening auction and to ensure consistency in the “starting time” for all stocks. The volume transacted during five-minute intervals is aggregated and attributed to individual or institutional investors using Broker IDs. Findings – Institutional investors exhibit abnormal trading volume before and after announcements. However, individual investors indicate abnormal trading volume only after announcements. Consistent with outcomes expected from a dividend washing strategy, abnormal trading volume around dividend announcements is statistically insignificant. Both individual and institutional investors’ buy volumes are higher than sell volumes before and after scheduled and unscheduled announcements. Research limitations/implications – The study is Australian focused, but the results are applicable to other limit order book markets of similar design. Practical implications – The results add to the understanding of individual and institutional investors’ trading behaviour around firm-specific announcements in a securities market with continuous disclosure. Social implications – The results add to the understanding of individual and institutional investors’ trading behaviour around firm-specific announcements in a securities market with continuous disclosure. Originality/value – These results will help regulators to design markets that are less predatory on individual investors.
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Mahmood, Oria, Rikke Jørgensen, Kristina Nielsen, Lars Konge, and Lene Russell. "Hands-On Time in Simulation-Based Ultrasound Training – A Dose-Related Response Study." Ultrasound International Open 08, no. 01 (January 2022): E2—E6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1795-5138.
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Abstract Purpose Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is widely used, but the sensitivity and specificity of the findings are highly user-dependent. There are many different approaches to ultrasound training. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of hands-on practice when learning POCUS. Methods Junior doctors with no or limited ultrasound experience were included in the study and divided into three groups. They all completed a Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) course with different amounts of hands-on practice: 40 minutes (n=67), 60 minutes (n=12), and 90 minutes of hands-on time (n=27). By the end of the course, they all completed a previously validated test. Results More hands-on time improved the mean test scores and decreased the test time. The scores of the 40-, 60-, and 90-minute groups were 11.6 (SD 2.1), 12.8 (SD 2.5), and 13.7 (SD 2.5), respectively (p<0.001). The 90-minute group completed the test significantly faster than the other two groups (20 versus 26 minutes, p=0.003). A large inter-individual variation was seen. Conclusion The necessary amount of hands-on training is unknown. This study demonstrates that performance increases with prolonged hands-on time but the inter-individual variation among trainees is very large, thereby making it impossible to define the “optimal” time. This supports the use of the concept of mastery learning where each individual trainee can continue training until proficiency is reached.
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Jang, Jinhwan. "Real-Time Traffic Information Provision Using Individual Probe and Five-Minute Aggregated Data." Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 18, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2019.18.1.56.
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Amiri, Hoda Mojazi, Ryan McClellan, Chok Limsuwat, and Kenneth Nugent. "Exercise duration during pulmonary rehabilitation: an index of efficacy." Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 1, no. 4 (October 15, 2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v1i4.99.
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Background: The optimal program for pulmonary rehabilitation likely varies from patient to patient and depends on individual limiting factors. We wanted to determine the typical exercise duration in our patients to use as a basis for modifying individual rehabilitation components. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who completed the pulmonary rehabilitation program at University Medical Center in Lubbock, TX. We collected demographic, pulmonary function, and 6-minute walk test information. Patients exercised with treadmills, arm ergometers, recumbent stair steppers, and recumbent bicycles; we recorded the initial and follow-up modality duration at four week intervals. Results: This study included 119 patients with a mean age of 68.8 ± 10.1 years. Most patients (95) had COPD. The mean FEV1 was 1.3 ± 0.7 L 9 (47.2 ± 19.7 % predicted). The baseline gait speed was 41 ± 15 meters per minute. The initial total exercise duration was 30.5 ± 7.0 minutes. These times increased to 41.2 ± 8.8, 44.6 ± 10.7 and 47.0 ± 12.0 minutes at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of rehabilitation. Conclusions: Most patients increased their total exercise duration to 40 minutes. This goal can identify patients who are not making progress and need alternative strategies and patients who have made good progress and might benefit from additional training, such as lower extremity strength exercises.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Individual minute"
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Винник, А. В., К. М. Неклюєнко, О. О. Буров, К. А. Соловйова, and Людмила Антонівна Васьковець. "Працездатність студентів під час учбового процесу." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/25325.
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Стаття присвячена актуальному завданню – збереженню здоров'я і працездатності студентів під час навчання. У роботі досліджені антропометричний статус, "біологічний" вік, функціональні показники працездатності та індивідуальна хвилина студентів. Виявлено, що більшість студентів має гармонічний фізичний розвиток. "Біологічний" вік перевищував паспортні дані на 3-4 роки. Індекс м'язової сили складав 10–28 %, що набагато нижче норми. Фактична життєва ємкість легенів знаходилася у межах 2633–4205 см3. Довільна затримка дихання складала 45-58 с, а індекс Руф'є знаходився на рівні 4,8–8,0, що вказує на гарний фізичний стан досліджуваних. Індивідуальна хвилина більшості студентів 60-64 с, що свідчить про їх високі адаптаційні можливості.The article is devoted to the actual problem - the saving of health and operability of students during the learning process. Examined anthropometric status, "biological" age, functional parameters and individual minute of students. Determined that most of the students have a harmonious physical development. "Biological" age does not exceed the nameplate data more than 3-4 years. The index of muscle strength was 10–28 %, which is much less than normal value. The actual vital capacity of lungs was in the range 2633-4205 cm3. Arbitrary breath delay was 45-58 second, the Ruffier index stood in range 4,8-8,0, indicating good physical condition of examined persons. Individual minute for the most of students equals 60-64 secondes, that indicating their high adaptive capacity.
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Pereira, Nuno Miguel Almeida. ""Last minute creativity!" the role of active delay and flow in the relation between self-leadership and individual creativity." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/23590.
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Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia dos Recursos Humanos, do Trabalho e das Organizações), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2015Self-Leadership, a general combination of self-regulatory strategies, has been related to individual creativity, often defined as the production of novel, useful and adequate ideas. Despite having been related, there are some questions regarding the relation between self-leadership and creativity that still need further clarification. Namely, the role that active delay and flow play in this relation. Considering this, this study aims to understand how these variables relate to each other. Given the above, the present study considered the existence of a sequential mediation between self-leadership, active delay, flow and ultimately individual creativity. To do so, 87 Portuguese undergraduate psychology students participated in a two time point study. Regarding the mediation model presented, the results were not significant. However, evidence was found regarding the positive relation between self-leadership and flow. In this way, the present study contributes to the emergence of a new relationship, and draws attention for the need for further investigation concerning the relation between self-leadership and individual creativity and the role of the construct of active delay on this relation, because, despite the inconclusive results here presented, the relation cannot be yet discarded.
A Auto-liderança, definida como um conjunto de estratégias de auto-regulação, contempla três dimensões distintas: estratégias comportamentais, de recompensa natural, e de padrões de pensamento construtivo. Estas estratégias têm como objetivo potenciar a auto-motivação necessária para desempenhar as respetivas tarefas com sucesso (Manz & Neck, 2004). Nos últimos anos, a auto-liderança tem vindo a ser relacionada com a criatividade individual (Manz & Sims, 2001; Carmeli, Meitar & Weisberg, 2006), habitualmente definida como a produção de ideias originais, uteis e aplicáveis (Zhou & Su, 2010). Contudo, apesar da relação argumentada, existem ainda questões relativas à relação entre a auto-liderança e criatividade que precisam de um maior esclarecimento. Nomeadamente, perceber o papel que o adiamento ativo (e.g Kim & Seo, 2013) e o flow (Csikszentmihalyi, 2000; Csikszentmihalyi, 2013) desempenham nesta relação. Perante isto, este estudo tem como objetivo compreender como estas variáveis se relacionam entre si. O adiamento ativo é uma variável ainda pouco estudada que deriva da procrastinação, vista como uma falha de auto-regulação associada a mecanismos ego-defensivos, que permitem aos indivíduos justificarem potenciais fracassos ao nível das tarefas que desempenham (Ferrari & Tice, 2000). Por seu turno, o adiamento ativo, previamente intitulado de procrastinação ativa, é tido como uma estratégia usada por indivíduos que adiam as suas atividades propositadamente, focando-se noutras tarefas, pois se sentem mais motivados e comprometidos com o trabalho, quando se encontram sobre pressão (Chu & Choi, 2005). É visto como um fenómeno multifacetado que inclui fatores cognitivos (decisão de adiar a tarefa); fatores afetivos (preferência pela pressão), e fatores comportamentais (cumprem os prazos), originando resultados positivos (Chu & Choi, 2005). Tendo isto em conta, o adiamento ativo pode ser considerado e estar relacionado com algumas estratégias de auto-regulação eficazes (Corkin, , Yu, & Lindt, 2011; Seo, 2013). Os resultados de um recente estudo, apontaram para uma a possível relação entre estratégias de adiamento ativo e a entrada no estado de flow (Kim e Seo, 2013). Este último, o flow, é entendido como um estado de concentração máximo, despoletado pela emergência de um desafio, que é percebido como possível de ultrapassar. Desta forma, atinge-se um equilíbrio entre as nossas capacidades e o desafio em mãos, que, por sua vez, nos faz entrar num estado de absorção com a tarefa (Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). Em suma, considerando que (1) existe uma relação entre a auto-liderança e a criatividade individual (Manz & Sims, 2001; Carmeli, Meitar & Weisberg, 2006), que (2), o adiamento ativo, à semelhança das estratégias de auto-liderança, poder ser visto como uma estratégia auto-regulada adaptativa para determinados indivíduos (Corkin, , Yu, & Lindt, 2011; Seo, 2013), que (3), este, por sua vez está positivamente relacionado com o flow (Kim e Seo, 2013) e, que (4), a literatura aponta para a existência de uma relação facilitadora de criatividade, quando um individuo experiencia o estado de flow (MacDonald, 2006; Hamilton, 2013), construiu-se o modelo que se propôs estudar. Assim, no presente estudo foi examinada a relação entre auto-liderança e criatividade individual, mediada dupla e sequencialmente pelo adiamento ativo e o flow, respetivamente, em 87 estudantes portugueses do 2º ano da licenciatura em psicologia da universidade de lisboa. Por forma a aceder às referidas variáveis, a recolha de dados foi dividida em duas fases no tempo. Na primeira fase foram distribuídos pelos participantes questionários de auto-reporte contendo três seções. A primeira remetia para a auto-liderança (Marques-Quinteiro, Curral & Passos, 2011); a segunda parte procurava aceder ao nível de adiamento ativo de cada participante (Choi & Moran, 2009), e a terceira e, última parte, referia-se a dados demográficos e caracterização da amostra. Após completarem o questionário, era-lhes entregue um caso prático que cada participante deveria resolver no prazo de três semanas (altura da segunda recolha). Na segunda fase, a recolha de dados contemplou uma nova distribuição, pelos participantes, de um novo questionário de auto-reporte sobre a variável flow (Gouveia, Pais-Ribeiro, Maruqes & Carvalho, 2012). Paralelamente recolheram-se as respostas ao caso prático, posteriormente avaliadas por dois especialistas na área, para acederem ao nível de criatividade das respostas (Braia, Curral & Gomes, 2015). No que concerne ao modelo de mediação apresentado, os resultados não se mostraram significativos. No entanto, foram encontradas algumas evidências de uma relação positiva entre a auto-liderança e flow, i.e. quanto maior for a tendência para uma pessoa usar estratégias de auto-liderança, maior será a probabilidade de no decorrer dessas mesmas tarefas experienciar o estado de fluxo. Para além disto, os resultados sugerem que a auto-liderança poderá predizer o flow. Não obstante, esta é ainda uma relação pouco documentada em anteriores estudos, precisando de uma melhor clarificação futura. Desta forma, o presente estudo contribui para a emergência de uma nova relação (auto-liderança e flow), e chama a atenção para a necessidade de mais investigação no que toca a relação entre a auto-liderança e criatividade individual e o papel do adiamento ativo nesta relação, porque, apesar de os resultados inconclusivos apresentados, a relação não ser ainda pode descartada. As principais limitações do presente estudo prendem-se com o caso prático. Nomeadamente, utilizou-se um caso prático que não apresentava qualquer peso na nota final dos alunos na cadeira, por isto, poderá ter sido negligenciada a sua importância por parte dos sujeitos. Para além disto, poderia ser menos indicado para este público-alvo, i.e. era um caso prático no qual se pediam ideias criativas para uma melhor gestão de um espaço teatral. Assim sendo, ainda que seja um caso geral sobre a área, bem como seja algo recorrente em campanhas de ideias pedidas ao público em geral, o desempenho pode ter sido influenciado pelo nível de conhecimento em gestão e não no nível de criatividade individual, o que torna difícil conseguir diferenciar participantes. Assim, futuramente, sugere-se que a tarefa apresentada aos participantes deva ter peso avaliativo bem como deva ser aplicada ao contexto de trabalho dos mesmos, isto tendo em conta o modelo de criatividade de Amabile (1983) que prevê que as competências no domínio específico sejam relevantes e imprescindíveis para um desempenho criativo (Amabile, 1983). De igual maneira, outras formas de aceder a criatividade individual devem ser tentadas, explorando igualmente outros métodos para avaliar as outras variáveis aqui estudadas e que não apresentaram os resultados esperados.
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Chiang, Chu-Yuan, and 姜筑元. "Effects of six-minute fast walking on changes in lower extremity biomechanics and muscle activity in individuals with flatfoot." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j74bqu.
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碩士國立陽明大學
物理治療暨輔助科技學系
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Background Flatfoot is a common disorder which is caused by dysfunction of medial longitudinal arch. The disorder give rise to abnormal biomechanics and change the muscle activation of lower extremity. Individuals with flatfoot usually exhibit symptoms such as fatigue and discomfort after fast walking, and association syndromes to proximal lower extremity joints. These associated syndromes usually result from overuse injury or repetitive loading. Therefore, it is important to understand how after a challenging walking activity affects the biomechanics and muscle activities of the lower extremity. Purpose To assess changes of lower extremity muscles activities and biomechanics during functional tasks before and immediately after six-minute fast walking in healthy and individuals with flexible flatfoot. Hypothesis Muscle activation would be different between flexible flatfoot group and healthy subjects. MLA would become dysfunction and lead to expose the abnormal biomechanics on lower extremity during function tasks. Material and Method Nineteen individuals with flexible flatfoot (10M9F, age: 24.74±2.68) and fifteen healthy subjects (6M9F, age: 24.47±3.74) participated in this study. All subjects performed maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and functional tasks including walking, single-leg standing and sit-to-stand before and immediately after a 6-minute fast-walking protocol. The motion capture (Vicon Motion Systems Ltd, Oxford, UK) system, force plate (Switzerland and AMTI, USA) and the surface electromyography (sEMG) system (MP150, BIOPAC Systems Inc., CA, USA) were used to collect kinematics and muscle activation data respectively. Results Both groups showed decreased muscle activity in abductor hallucis in sit-to-stand and increased muscle activity in gastrocnemius in single-leg-stand. In walking test, peroneus longus increased only in healthy group, and gastrocnemius increased in flexible flatfoot group. Result from EMG median frequency showed a decrease in tibialis anterior and an increase in abductor hallucis after 6-min fast walking in flatfoot group, suggesting fatigue and muscle recruitment in tibialis anterior and abductor hallucis, respectively. Ankle showed more inversion moment in posttest in both groups. Compared to healthy, flexible flatfoot group had more adduction, plantarflexion and inversion in ankle moment at posttest, and less knee external rotation moment at pretest. Conclusion Compared to the healthy group, different muscle activation showed on flexible flatfoot group. Except greater recruitment of abductor hallucis, increase muscle activation of extrinsic muscle to compensate at the same time. The primary change of biomechanics was found on ankle and knee joint, however the evidence between flexible flatfoot and associated syndrome on hip joint and low back are require further investigation.
Books on the topic "Individual minute"
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Wurm, Erwin. Erwin Wurm: One minute sculptures. Milwaukee, Wis: INOVA, Institute of Visual Arts, 1998.
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Bregenz, Kunsthaus, Fonds régional d'art contemporain (Dijon, France), and CAN Centre d'art Neuchâtel (Neuchâtel, Switzerland), eds. Erwin Wurm: One minute sculptures 1988-1998 : Werkverzeichnis = index of works = catalogue raisonné. Bregenz: Kunsthaus Bregenz, 1999.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Education and Skills Committee. Individual learning accounts: Minutes of evidence Wednesday 23 January 2002. London: Stationery Office, 2002.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Education and Skills Committee. Individual learning accounts: Minutes of evidence Wednesday 6 February 2001. London: Stationery Office, 2002.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Education and Skills Committee. Individual learning accounts: Minutes of evidence Wednesday 30 January 2002. London: Stationery Office, 2002.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Education and Skills Committee. Individual learning accounts: Minutes of evidence Wednesday 13 February 2002 : Capita. London: Stationery Office, 2002.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Education and Skills Committee. Individual Learning Accounts (follow-up) and National Skills Strategy: Minutes of evidence Monday 25 November 2002. LOndon: Sttaionery Office, 2003.
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Holden, Una. Wait a minute!: A practical guide on challenging behaviour and aggression for staff working with individuals who have dementia. Stirling: Dementia Services Development Centre, 1994.
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Warhol, Andy. Andy Warhol: A guide to 706 items in 2 hours 56 minutes. Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, 2007.
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Eva, Meyer-Hermann, Amsterdam (Netherlands) Stedelijk Museum, and Moderna museet (Stockholm Sweden), eds. Andy Warhol: A guide to 706 items in 2 hours 56 minutes. Rotterdam: Nai Publishers, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Individual minute"
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Vu, Dinh Phuong, Van Bien Nguyen, Simon Friedrich Kraus, and Kathrin Holten. "Individual Concepts in Physics and Mathematics Education." In MINTUS – Beiträge zur mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Bildung, 215–56. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29880-7_11.
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Makarov, Sergey N., Jyrki Ahveninen, Matti Hämäläinen, Yoshio Okada, Gregory M. Noetscher, and Aapo Nummenmaa. "Multiscale Modeling of EEG/MEG Response of a Compact Cluster of Tightly Spaced Pyramidal Neocortical Neurons." In Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020, 195–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45623-8_11.
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AbstractIn this study, the boundary element fast multipole method or BEM-FMM is applied to model compact clusters of tightly spaced pyramidal neocortical neurons firing simultaneously and coupled with a high-resolution macroscopic head model. The algorithm is capable of processing a very large number of surface-based unknowns along with a virtually unlimited number of elementary microscopic current dipole sources distributed within the neuronal arbor.The realistic cluster size may be as large as 10,000 individual neurons, while the overall computation times do not exceed several minutes on a standard server. Using this approach, we attempt to establish how well the conventional lumped-dipole model used in electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG) analysis approximates a compact cluster of realistic neurons situated either in a gyrus (EEG response dominance) or in a sulcus (MEG response dominance).
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"A Study of Individual Differences in Five- Minute Interactions." In Face-to-Face Interaction, 51–65. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315660998-13.
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Sperry, Len, and Jon Sperry. "The Clinical Value of Couple and Family Case Conceptualizations." In The 15 Minute Case Conceptualization, 123–33. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197517987.003.0008.
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Clinicians who work primarily with individual clients and have developed competency with case conceptualizations can provide effective treatment. However, when they work with clients for whom couple and family dynamics are prominent, having an individual case conceptualization can be useful but limited. This chapter discusses the value of adding couple and family case conceptualizations. It describes how to incorporate couple interaction patterns and family interaction patterns in the case conceptualization process. A case example that captured and held national attention for more than 1 year is presented. It illustrates the pattern-focused approach for incorporating individual, couple, and family patterns into a composite case conceptualization.
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Antognazza, Maria Rosa. "5. Complete-concept theory, theory of truth, and theory of knowledge." In Leibniz: A Very Short Introduction, 48–61. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198718642.003.0005.
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Leibniz maintained that the principle of identity/non-contradiction implies that every true predication must have some foundation in the nature of that thing. Otherwise A would not be A. If everything is connected to everything and all denominations are intrinsic, what does this mean for an individual in a possible world? ‘Complete-concept theory, theory of truth, and theory of knowledge’ considers Leibniz’s thoughts on individual substances, complete concepts, and truths. Leibniz’s complete-concept theory and his theory of truth as inclusion of the predicate in the subject also lead to his theory of knowledge. His views on innatism and ‘minute perceptions’ are also discussed.
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Joshi, Mahesh K., and J. R. Klein. "Being Introspective in an Expanding World." In Global Business in the Age of Transformation, 190–202. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847232.003.0015.
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Twenty-first century leadership is at its core a holistic examination of changing environments, business models, economic ramifications, global and local impact, workplace, workforce, and strategies. This discussion surveys data, scrutinizes methodologies, presents opportunities, and suggests solutions through an examination of public–private synergy, entrepreneurship, and education. The bottom line, in a world that changes every minute, is not what happens but how the leader, as a person, handles what happens. Through the discussion of leadership character, transformational leaders, the tension and stress of change, and the tsunami of technology the unspoken elephant in the room is the psychological, emotional, mental, and spiritual impact on the leader as an individual.
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Rajendiran, Kishore, Kumar Kannan, and Yongbin Yu. "Applications of Machine Learning in Cyber Forensics." In Advances in Digital Crime, Forensics, and Cyber Terrorism, 29–46. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4900-1.ch002.
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Nowadays, individuals and organizations experience an increase in cyber-attacks. Combating such cybercrimes has become the greatest struggle for individual persons and organizations. Furthermore, the battle has heightened as cybercriminals have gone a step ahead, employing the complicated cyber-attack technique. These techniques are minute and unobtrusive in nature and habitually disguised as authentic requests and commands. The cyber-secure professionals and digital forensic investigators enforce by collecting large and complex pools of data to reveal the potential digital evidence (PDE) to combat these attacks and helps investigators to arrive at particular conclusions and/or decisions. In cyber forensics, the challenging issue is hard for the investigators to make conclusions as the big data often comes from multiple sources and in different file formats. The objective is to explore the possible applications of machine learning (ML) in cyber forensics and to discuss the various research issues, the solutions of which will serve out to provide better predictions for cyber forensics.
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Wright, Julian. "Jean Jaurès and the Democratic Present." In Time on a Human Scale, 237–56. British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266977.003.0011.
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Jean Jaurès made it a personal mission to inhabit the present of political debate with his own physical persona, and the drama of his speeches, especially in the French lower house of parliament was self-conscious. Jaurès argued that democracy should provide the basis for social change in the present. No longer was it necessary to dream of utopias and plan secretively for future revolution. The socialist present as he saw it was an open, extrovert experience of lively argument, inspiring speeches and real physical commitment. The physicality of Jaurès’ presence within democratic argument was never more dramatically revealed than in the visceral shock of his assassination, felt as a crushing blow to the body politic, on the eve of the First World War. But his commitment to democratic ‘presence’ also shaped political reporting and commentary in his own day. Through his stubbornly forensic reading of the reports of great crimes and scandals, he would force his auditors to follow him through the precise process of recognizing, day by day and minute by minute, the evidence of violence against oppressed minorities. It was as though Jaurès understood that social redemption could only be attained through the paying of deep individual attention in and to the present.
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Fraser, Jim. "5. DNA profiling and databases." In Forensic Science: A Very Short Introduction, 46–64. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198834410.003.0005.
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‘DNA profiling and databases’ looks at the biological basis of DNA profiling and how DNA is analysed and interpreted in different case types. It first explains the structure of DNA and the process of extraction and purification of the DNA. The analysis, interpretation, and evaluation of DNA evidence are then discussed along with the use of DNA databases in the investigation of crime. The impact of DNA profiling has been immense because it can eliminate or identify an individual from minute traces with great confidence. However, the ultimate meaning of any DNA evidence depends not only on the experts, but those who are called to adjudicate the evidence of a case as a whole.
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Young, Jami F., Laura Mufson, and Christie M. Schueler. "IPT-AST Pre-Group Sessions." In Preventing Adolescent Depression, 24–38. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190243180.003.0004.
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Adolescents in Interpersonal Psychotherapy–Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST) participate in two individual pre-group sessions before the group begins. If two sessions are not feasible, a single 90-minute session can be offered. The goals of these sessions are to get to know the adolescent and build rapport; assess for depression symptoms over the past week; provide psychoeducation about depression; explain the structure of IPT-AST; conduct an interpersonal inventory of important relationships; and help the teen to set interpersonal goals for group. When possible, it is helpful for parents to attend the first pre-group session to learn about the program’s focus and structure. This chapter describes the structure and content of these pre-group sessions.
Conference papers on the topic "Individual minute"
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Sereda, E. V., and O. A. Zalata. "INDIVIDUAL MINUTE AS A REFLECTION OF ADAPTIVE CAPACITY THE DIFFERENT AGE MEDICAL STUDENTS." In MODERN PROBLEMS IN SYSTEMIC REGULATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. NPG Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/5-2019-confnf-69.
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Hand, M. Maureen, Neil D. Kelley, and Mark J. Balas. "Identification of Wind Turbine Response to Turbulent Inflow Structures." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45360.
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The National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted an experiment to obtain detailed wind measurements and corresponding wind turbine measurements in order to establish a causal relationship between coherent turbulent structures and wind turbine blade fatigue loads. Data were collected for one entire wind season from October 2000 to May 2001. During this period, the wind turbine operated under atmospheric conditions that support the formation of coherent turbulent structures 31% of the time. Using the equivalent fatigue load parameter as a measure of wind turbine blade fatigue and using statistical measures of the turbulent fluctuations of the wind, general correlation between the turbulence and the wind turbine response is shown. Direct correlation cannot be resolved with 10-minute statistics for several reasons. Multiple turbulent structures can exist within a 10-minute record, and the equivalent fatigue load parameter is essentially a 10-minute statistic that cannot estimate turbine response to individual turbulent structures. Large-magnitude turbulent fluctuations in the form of instantaneous Reynolds stresses do not necessarily correspond directly to large-magnitude blade root moment amplitudes. Thus, additional work must be done to quantify the negative turbine response and to correlate this response to turbulent inflow parameters over time scales less than 10 minutes.
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Žgank, Žiga, Alenka Nemec Svete, and Vladimira Erjavec. "Blood Lactate, Body Temperature and Heart Rate During Submaximal Exercise in Dogs with Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome: A Preliminary Study." In Socratic lectures 6. University of Ljubljana Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2021.d.002.
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The aim of the present preliminary study was to investigate how submaximal exercise affects blood lactate (BL) concentrations, body temperature (BT) and heart rate (HR) in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Seven dogs with BOAS grade 2/3 and 3/3 were subjected to submaximal exercise on a treadmill. Each dog was subjected to training session that began with a 5-minute walk at a speed of 2.5 km/h and an incline of 0% and continued with a 5-minute walk at a speed of 2.5 km/h and at an incline of 5%. Heart rate, BT, and BL concentrations were measured before the start (T1), every 5 minutes during the test (T2, T3) and after 15 and 30 minutes of rest (T4, T5). Blood lactate concentrations at T3 and T5 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than concentrations at T1. Heart rate and BT values at T2 and T3 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than values at T1. Submaximal exercise resulted in a significant decrease in BL concentrations and a significant increase in BT and HR in dogs with BOAS. The results of this preliminary study can give us additional information about the severity of BOAS; however, further studies are needed to gain better insight into the physiological response of BOAS patients of individual breeds to submaximal exercise testing.
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Hagen, O̸istein. "Wave Distributions and Sampling Variability." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29584.
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The paper describes the effect of sampling variability on the predicted extreme individual wave height and the predicted extreme individual crests height for long return periods, such as for the 100-year maximum wave height and 100-year maximum crest height. We show that the effect of sampling variability is different for individual crest or wave height as compared to for significant wave height. The short term wave statistics is modeled by the Forristall crest height distribution and the Forristall wave height distribution [3,4]. Samples from the 3-hour Weibull distribution are simulated for 100.000 years period, and the 100-year extreme values for wave heights and crest heights determined for respectively 20 minute and 3 hour sea states. The simulations are compared to results obtained by probabilistic analysis. The paper shows that state of the art analysis approaches using the Forristall distributions give about unbiased estimates for extreme individual crest or wave height if implemented appropriately. Direct application of the Forristall distributions for 3-hour sea state parameters give long term extremes that are biased low, and it is shown how the short term distributions can be modified such that consistent results for 20 minute and 3 hour sea states are obtained. These modified distributions are expected applicable for predictions based on hindcast sea state statistics and for the environmental contour approach.
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Tognarelli, Michael A., and Steven R. Winterstein. "Fatigue of Risers: Calibrating Reliability Estimates From Full-Scale Data." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23234.
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A number of measurement campaigns have sought to quantify fatigue damage on drilling and production risers in the field. The data from these campaigns have recently been used to test the accuracy of software predictions of riser motions and hence fatigue. It is often found that state-of-the-art software shows a conservative bias in predicting fatigue damage — conservative factors of 10 or more. At the same time, short-term damage estimates (e.g., over 10-minute intervals) show significant scatter: COV (coefficient of variation) values of 1.0–2.0 are typical. We suggest methods here to better incorporate the information from these measurements into fatigue reliability predictions. We note that (1) software error statistics show markedly different behavior in different regimes; e.g., for different levels of predicted damage; and (2) our fatigue reliability concern lies with the variability not in individual 10-minute damage rates, but rather in the long-run damage rate over the entire structural life. These features suggest a non-parametric approach, in which software error statistics are binned and separately analyzed for different predicted damage levels. The sample means in each bin, together with their variabilities, then form the basis for our reliability assessment. Because our interest lies with the average behavior in each bin, variability reduces notably: COVs of 1.0–2.0 (on individual 10-minute rates) are reduced by an order of magnitude or more. This variability is commonly dominated by the uncertainty in fatigue capacity (S–N curve, Miner’s rule, etc.) Thus, our measurement campaigns are of most interest in predicting only the mean bias in damage predictions; conventional methods are then available to propagate these into a standard fatigue reliability analysis. Results are shown for a number of applications, and implications considered for design (i.e., load factors).
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Jung, Ilwoo, Byoungdeok Choi, Bonggu Sung, Daejung Kim, Ilgweon Kim, Hyoungsub Kim, and Gyoyoung Jin. "Body Effect Measurement in DRAM Cell Transistor Using Memory Test System." In ISTFA 2016. ASM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2016p0085.
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Abstract Body effect is the key characteristic of DRAM cell transistor. Conventional method uses a TEG structure for body effect measurement. But this measurement is not accurate, because TEG structure has only several transistors and it is located outside of the DRAM die. This paper suggests a viable method for measuring DRAM cell transistor body effect. It uses a memory test system for fast, massive, nondestructive measurement. Newly developed method can measure 100,000 DRAM cell body effects in two minute, without sample damage. The test gives one median value and 100,000 individual values of body effects. Median value of measured body effects is equal to the TEG body effect. An individual DRAM cell body effect has a correlation with the fin height.
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Schmidt, S., A. Nambiar, M. Han, J. Myers, A. Lagstein, A. Flint, B. Gross, et al. "Does the Composite Physiology Score Improve the Correlation to the Six Minute Walk Test over Individual Pulmonary Function Tests in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a1116.
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Magnusson, Anne Karin, Karsten Trulsen, Ole Johan Aarnes, Elzbieta M. Bitner-Gregersen, and Mika P. Malila. "“Three Sisters” Measured As a Triple Rogue Wave Group." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96837.
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Abstract On November 30, 2018, our attention was caught when analyzing wave profile time series measured by a platform mounted wave sensor (a SAAB REX radar) at Ekofisk, central North Sea. The 20-minute time series had not only one, but three consecutive waves with individual heights that all were more than twice the significant wave height, the two last of them being almost equally high with a factor 2.35 to the significant wave height of 4m (from 4σ(η), over 20 minutes). Counting three rogue waves in one sequence seems to be very rare. In this study we analyze how the shape is evolving in space and time using linear and non-linear propagation methods developed by Mark Donelan [1,2] and Karsten Trulsen [3,4]. Weather conditions and characteristics of the sea state with the ‘Three Sisters’ (named the “Justine Three Sisters”) are presented. It is found that the Three Sisters occurred in a crossing sea condition, with wind sea and swell coming from directions 60 degrees apart, with about same frequency, but very different energy.
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Mercado Rivera, Abimelec, and José E. Lugo. "Exploration of the Timing of Introduction of Design Heuristic Cards to Early Design Brainstorming Sessions by Interdisciplinary Student Teams." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22477.
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Abstract This research focuses on improving the outcome of idea generation sessions of interdisciplinary student teams working in the early design stages of a product or solution by measuring the effect of incorporating Design Heuristics Cards at different points of ideation sessions that adhere to the brainstorming guidelines. Using the design thinking methodology, an open-ended challenge was given to the participating teams for a Brainstorming exercise divided into a fifteen-minute individual segment followed by a thirty-minute team ideation segment. Three experimental treatments were designed where Design Heuristics Cards were introduced at different points of the ideation exercise: the start of the individual ideation segment, the start of the team ideation segment, or the second half of the team ideation segment. A fourth control treatment did not introduce the cards at any point but used the Brainstorming guidelines throughout. The metrics observed were Fluency, Novelty, Feasibility, and Market Fit of the ideas generated by the students. Eighty-four students participated in the experiment, with 58.3% being from majors in the College of Engineering, 28.6% from majors in the College of Business Administration, 7.1% from majors in the College of Arts and Sciences, and 6.0% from majors in the College of Agriculture. No significant difference was found among the experimental treatments; however the results are not considered final due to the explorative nature of the study. Recommendations are made on future work and possible improvements to the experiment.
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Nyhuis, Peter, and Torsten Fiege. "Aerodynamic High Speed Feeding Systems: Flexible and Reliable." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60948.
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Due to recent progress in automation technology, production systems can be realized which are able to assemble more than 600 parts per minute. The greatest problem at these high speeds is not machining itself, but the handling of the often disordered individual parts. When the individual workpieces are delivered in bulk, they have to be separated and oriented. This is done by feeding systems. The conventional feeding systems have weaknesses as far as process speed and reliability are concerned. Therefore a new technology has been developed, with which workpieces can be separated and oriented at the necessary speed with high process reliability. In this method, air flows are used to separate the workpieces and, in several process steps, orient them correctly by making use of their typical features. This technology is called aerodynamic feeding. The article describes the two fundamental procedures, aerodynamic separation and aerodynamic orientation and the structures of these systems.
Reports on the topic "Individual minute"
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Kirby, B. J. Using Five-Minute Data to Allocate Load-Following and Regulation Requirements among Individual Customers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814471.
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Kim, Jinwon, and Jucheol Moon. Congestion Costs and Scheduling Preferences of Car Commuters in California: Estimates Using Big Data. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2031.
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On average, California car commuters waste 4–5 minutes per morning commute due to congestion. Multiplied across all California car commuters, those few minutes entail a yearly total of approximately 2.3 billion hours of time wasted, costing 6 billion dollars. The objective of this study is to quantify congestion costs and determine how commuters adapt to the level of congestion they face (i.e., commuters’ scheduling utility functions). To that end, this research developed a model of trip scheduling under congestion to construct California commuters’ travel-time profiles, i.e., the menu of travel times that each individual would likely face according to alternate trip timing choices. The results show that commuters facing higher levels of congestion tend to avoid delays by arriving at an inconvenient edge time rather than commuting during the peak. Further, commuters are willing to accept about 0.5 additional minutes of schedule delay to reduce travel time by 1 minute. We found that for most commuters in our data, the travel time profile is much flatter than the estimated schedule utility, which implies that commuters tend to arrive around their own ideal arrival times, although the estimated utility function exhibits a moderate schedule inflexibility. This finding ultimately calls into question the existing bottleneck model’s quantification of the economic cost of congestion as well as the optimal toll to ameliorate congestion.
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timmons, shane, and pete lunn. Public understanding of climate change and support for mitigation. ESRI, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs135.
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In this study, a large, representative sample of the Irish population undertook a multiple-choice quiz about climate change. The 10-minute quiz was designed to engage participants and to measure their understanding, not of facts and figures, but of the scientific relationships behind climate change – of what causes what, and how. The study was conducted in mid-October 2021. As well as revealing how well the population understands climate change, the central focus of the study was the relationship between understanding and willingness to act. To investigate this, the study contained an experiment that tested whether exposing people to the answers to the quiz questions altered their attitudes to climate policy and individual behaviour. Half the sample was randomly assigned to see the answers to the quiz questions, while the other half was not.We then measured support for climate mitigation policy (in particular, a carbon tax) and judgements of individual behaviour. In this way, we conducted an experimental test of whether engaging with accurate scientific information about climate change has an impact on willingness to tackle it.
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Green, John G., and Francis J. Miller. Examining the Effects of Precision Scheduled Railroading on Intercity Passenger and High-Speed Rail Service. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2016.
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More than just scheduling terminal-to-terminal trips for trains, “Precision Scheduled Railroading” (PSR) creates entire point-to-point trip plans for individual railroad shipments. Since precision execution was first put into practice, the benefits to shipment arrival reliability and to freight railroads’ profitability have been demonstrated by its use in several Class One freight railroads. However, the effects of the PSR operating strategy on passenger railway operations in shared freight/passenger corridors has not been studied in detail. This research examines the effects of PSR railroad operations on passenger railways, including measuring “Host Railroad Minutes of Delay per 10,000 Train-Miles” and “On-Time Performance” of individual passenger railways, both intercity and high-speed.
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DiGrande, Laura, Sue Pedrazzani, Elizabeth Kinyara, Melanie Hymes, Shawn Karns, Donna Rhodes, and Alanna Moshfegh. Field Interviewer– Administered Dietary Recalls in Participants’ Homes: A Feasibility Study Using the US Department of Agriculture’s Automated Multiple-Pass Method. RTI Press, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0045.2105.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of administering the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM), a widely used tool for collecting 24-hour dietary recalls, in participants’ homes by field interviewers. Design: The design included computer-assisted personal interviews led by either a nutritionist (standard) or field interviewer. Portion estimators tested were a set of three-dimensional food models (standard), a two-dimensional food model booklet, or a tablet with digital images rendered via augmented reality. Setting: Residences in central North Carolina. Participants: English-speaking adults. Pregnant women and individuals who were fasting were excluded. Results: Among 133 interviews, most took place in living rooms (52%) or kitchens (22%). Mean interview time was 40 minutes (range 13–90), with no difference by interviewer type or portion estimator, although timing for nutritionist-led interviews declined significantly over the study period. Forty-five percent of participants referenced items from their homes to facilitate recall and portion estimation. Data entry and post-interview coding was evaluated and determined to be consistent with requirements for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Values for the number of food items consumed, food groups, energy intake (average of 3,011 kcal for men and 2,105 kcal for women), and key nutrients were determined to be plausible and within reasonably expected ranges regardless of interviewer type or portion estimator used. Conclusions: AMPM dietary recall interviews conducted in the home are feasible and may be preferable to clinical administration because of comfort and the opportunity for participants to access home items for recall. AMPMs administered by field interviewers using the food model booklet produced credible nutrition data that was comparable to AMPMs administered by nutritionists. Training field interviewers in dietary recall and conducting home interviews may be sensible choices for nutrition studies when response rates and cost are concerns.
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Scoular, Claire, and Ian Teo. Developing strategic plans for an aligned approach to 21st century skills integration. Australian Council for Educational Research, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-626-0.
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This report describes an online course developed to support education systems to build an aligned and sustainable approach to integration of 21st Century Skills (21CS). 21CS are those skills that are considered particularly important to succeed in today’s knowledge-based society in which innovation and technology are predominant. Prominent examples include critical thinking, creative thinking, and collaboration, and such skills need to be better understood in order for them to be integrated. While different countries may have their own frameworks or priorities surrounding 21CS, a consistent approach to integration can still be achieved with a shared understanding from all stakeholders within the system. The course objectives focused on supporting countries to develop a strategic plan for 21CS integration, providing resources to aid that plan, and building capacity to implement the plan. The specific learning objectives were to: Understand components and steps leading to 21CS alignment; Conduct a needs analysis, identifying which steps are currently being met, and which steps need more attention; Develop a strategic plan, identifying which steps are to be prioritized and in which order; Gain insights from other education systems from reflections on successful developments and lessons learned; and Engage in discussion within education systems and with other countries about the emerging area of skills integration, as well as identify future directions. Course participants joined from across 16 Asia Pacific countries and from the Education Quality and Assessment Programme for the Pacific Community (EQAP). The course comprised of eight modules that were spread over three weeks, with content hosted online through the Moodle platform.Each module consisted of pre-recorded video content (30-60 minutes) and team and/or individual activities. The modules were supported by three live sessions that allowed participants to ask questions and share reflections in real time. The course concluded with a webinar that consisted of presentations that were delivered by one member from each Core Strategy Team who shared their team’s strategic plan and reflections from this course.