Academic literature on the topic 'Individual expert evaluation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Individual expert evaluation"
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Qi, Zhen, Li-ping Tu, Zhi-yu Luo, Xiao-juan Hu, Ling-zhi Zeng, Wen Jiao, Xu-xiang Ma, et al. "Tongue Image Database Construction Based on the Expert Opinions: Assessment for Individual Agreement and Methods for Expert Selection." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (October 2, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8491057.
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This study aims at introducing a method for individual agreement evaluation to identify the discordant raters from the experts’ group. We exclude those experts and decide the best experts selection method, so as to improve the reliability of the constructed tongue image database based on experts’ opinions. Fifty experienced experts from the TCM diagnostic field all over China were invited to give ratings for 300 randomly selected tongue images. Gwet’s AC1 (first-order agreement coefficient) was used to calculate the interrater and intrarater agreement. The optimization of the interrater agreement and the disagreement score were put forward to evaluate the external consistency for individual expert. The proposed method could successfully optimize the interrater agreement. By comparing three experts’ selection methods, the interrater agreement was, respectively, increased from 0.53 [0.32-0.75] for original one to 0.64 [0.39-0.80] using method A (inclusion of experts whose intrarater agreement>0.6), 0.69 [0.63-0.81] using method B (inclusion of experts whose disagreement score=“0”), and 0.76 [0.67-0.83] using method C (inclusion of experts whose intrarater agreement>0.6& disagreement score=“0”). In this study, we provide an estimate of external consistency for individual expert, and the comprehensive consideration of both the internal consistency and the external consistency for each expert would be superior to either one in the tongue image construction based on expert opinions.
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Hewitt, Michael P. "Self-Evaluation Accuracy among High School and Middle School Instrumentalists." Journal of Research in Music Education 53, no. 2 (July 2005): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002242940505300205.
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The purposes of this study were to examine (a) whether grade-level differences exist on self-evaluation tendencies over time, (b) if grade-level differences and evaluator differences exist, alone and in combination, on music performance evaluation, (c) if relationships exist between student self-evaluation and expert evaluations of music performance by grade level, and (d) whether differences exist between grade level and music performance subarea (tone, intonation, melody, etc.) on self-evaluation accuracy. Middle ( N=92) and high school ( N=51) instrumentalists participating in two summer music programs self-evaluated their performances during rehearsals, while expert evaluators judged an individual final performance. Results indicated differences between grade levels on performance self-evaluation as the week progressed for some subareas. High school students were more accurate in their self-evaluations than were middle school musicians for all subareas except melody and rhythm. Middle school students' scores showed greater correlation with experts than did those of high school musicians. Both groups were most accurate in their evaluation of melody and least accurate in evaluation of technique/articulation. January 3, 2005 May 11, 2005.
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Ruan, Chuanyang, and Jianhui Yang. "Software Quality Evaluation Model Based on Weighted Mutation Rate Correction Incompletion G1 Combination Weights." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/541292.
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Aiming at the common problems of quality evaluation method, this paper first establishes a fuzzy software quality evaluation model according to the relationship of software quality subcharacteristics and indicators; furthermore, considering the uncertainty and individual deviations of expert judgment results, this paper corrects and tests the consistency of the incomplete information sorting given by the experts and obtains an integration sorting of gathering different expert opinions through the idea of circling modification; at last, this paper proposes the weighted mutation rate which is used to measure the development balance degree and determines weights of evaluation indicators via weighted mutation rate correction incompletion G1 method, which avoids the problem of integration of subjective and objective weights.
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Hou, Yuan Hang, Jia Ning Zhang, and Chun Bo Zhen. "Large Naval Ship Evaluation Method Attended by Multiple Experts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (June 2014): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.299.
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An integrating, coordinating and optimization for experts’ evaluate opinion method according to naval ship evaluation case study is researched. Ship projects evaluation index system is proposed pointing at large surface naval ship, meanwhile the weights of index of experts’ opinion and ship projects are identified. After combining the actual demand of evaluation with the algorithm, a sequence deviation estimating method is formed for estimating the difference between individual and group opinions. Thus a naval ship evaluation platform is proposed which could integrate, coordinate and optimize expert's opinion effectively. Calculation shows this new method system, which mixed the numerical computing and computer iteration technology together, could meet the actual demand of naval ship evaluation commendably. Not only can it retain each expert's original preference, but also consistent the consulting result rapidly. Thus the new method has great applicability in naval ship evaluating progress, with the ability of solving conflict among the expert group.
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Siang, Jhoni Lagun, Lambertus J. Lokollo, and Rasmin Simbolon. "DEVELOPMENT OF A PACKAGE PRINT MODULES FOR CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i1.668.
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The purpose of this research is to produce a learning module of Christian education for students of SMP class VIII. The methodology used is research and development method. In the development using the Derek Rowntree model consisting of three stages, namely the planning stage, preparation phase of writing, and the stage of writing and editing. The product test phase begins with the validation of the material expert, and the media expert. Then after repaired the product was tested to a number of grade VIII students, ie 3 students for individual evaluation and 30 people for field evaluation. The results show the average value of material experts 3.77 which means the product is considered very good and from media experts 3.78 which means the product is considered very good. Then in the trial stage the average yield for the individual test phase 3.63 which means the product is considered very good and at this stage the field trials test 3.98 is considered very good. Based on interviews to teachers obtained very good results. In conclusion the print module of Christianity education subject of SMP Negeri Kota Tidore Kepulauan is worthy to be used in the field, although there are some improvements according to expert advice, students as users, and teachers.
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Alekhina, S. V., Y. V. Melnik, E. V. Samsonova, and A. Yu Shemanov. "The Expert Assessing of Inclusive Process Parameters in Education." Клиническая и специальная психология 9, no. 2 (2020): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2020090203.
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The article presents the data of expert assessment of the parameters of the inclusive process in an educational organization. The set of parameters was based on the activity model for the development of an inclusive process. The indicators included in this model were selected based on the content analysis of the previously published pilot study. The method of expert evaluation of compliance with basic principles of inclusive education of various parameters which characterize the educational process in the school used. 44 experts with practical and research experience in inclusive education participated in the survey. The analysis of the results showed that experts selected parameters which generally correspond to the activity approach in the development of inclusive education, focused on supporting the engaged participation and active position of participants in the inclusive educational process. Indicators that reflect formalized approaches to evaluating educational outcomes did not receive expert consensus, but parameters which focus on individualization of education (such as evaluating the dynamics of individual progress of students) were supported. System-forming parameters for assessing the inclusive process can be called those that allow achieving greater individualization of education, more comprehensive support for all students, and well-coordinated professional work of the school teaching team.
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KAMINUMA, ELI, HIROSHI MASUYA, IKUO MIURA, HIROMI MOTEGI, KENZI R. TAKAHASI, MIKI NAKAZAWA, MINAMI MATSUI, et al. "OBJECTIVE EVALUATION MEASURES OF GENETIC MARKER SELECTION IN LARGE-SCALE SNP GENOTYPING." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 06, no. 05 (October 2008): 905–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021972000800376x.
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High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping systems provide two kinds of fluorescent signals detected from different alleles. In current technologies, the process of genotype discrimination requires subjective judgments by expert operators, even when using clustering algorithms. Here, we propose two evaluation measures to manage fluorescent scatter data with nonclear plot aggregation. The first is the marker ranking measure, which provides a ranking system for the SNP markers based on the distance between the scatter plot distribution and a user-defined ideal distribution. The second measure, called individual genotype membership, uses the membership probability of each genotype related to an individual plot in the scatter data. In verification experiments, the marker ranking measure determined the ranking of SNP markers correlated with the subjective order of SNP markers judged by an expert operator. The experiment using the individual genotype membership measure clarified that the total number of unclassified individuals was remarkably reduced compared to that of manually unclassified ones. These two evaluation measures were implemented as the GTAssist software. GTAssist provides objective standards and avoids subjective biases in SNP genotyping workflows.
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Pratiwi, Hardiyanti. "PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR ASESMEN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA DINI DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PBL)." Jurnal Warna : Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/jw.v5i1.436.
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This study aims to develop teaching materials for the assessment of early childhood development using the Dick and Carey development model. This is because given the importance of assessment and evaluation to support and ensure the successful development of all potential early childhood, PAUD teachers and parents must acquire this expertise as possible. However, learning that only focuses on understanding theory without being accompanied by practice is the main cause of PIAUD students not having the skills in designing instruments and carrying out assessments. The data source in this study is 2017 PIAUD students as prospective users and expert validators, consisting of material experts and learning design experts. The product trial design consists of expert validation, individual trials, and small group trials. The trial results show: (1) The questionnaire from the expert validator stated that there were no indicators that needed to be revised, but there were a number of notes from experts outside the indicators in the questionnaire, so the researcher made a revision of the notes. (2) There are several suggestions and input from individual trial respondents, amounting to 3 people. Furthermore, the revised results of individual trials were retried on small groups. (3) In the small group trial there are also some notes / suggestions from respondents which are used as a guide for researchers to revise teaching materials in the final stage.
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Suryadharma, I. Gede Ardi, I. Nyoman Jampel, and I. Komang Sudarma. "Interactive Learning: The Use of Multimedia with Hybrid Models in Balinese Language Subjects for Grade VII Students." Indonesian Journal Of Educational Research and Review 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v4i3.40280.
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The cultural shift in the era of globalization has greatly influenced the Balinese culture which is deeply ingrained for the Balinese. Therefore, innovative learning media is needed as an effort to prevent this cultural shift. This study aims to develop an interactive multimedia hybrid learning model in Balinese language subjects for seventh-grade junior high school students. Interactive learning multimedia developed using the Articulate Storyline 3 application because this application has features that are easy to use. This interactive multimedia development uses the ADDIE development model which consists of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The results of the validity of interactive multimedia development will be presented in five main points which include: subject matter experts, learning design experts, learning media experts, individual trials, and small group trials. The subjects of this study included experts, namely 1 subject matter expert, 1 learning design expert, 1 learning media expert, 3 individual test subjects, and 9 small group trial subjects. The methods used in collecting data are observation methods, interview methods, and questionnaire methods. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative. The data collection instrument in this study was using a questionnaire. The results of the calculation of the value of the experts (subject experts, instructional design, instructional media), individual trials, and small group trials get very good qualifications. Based on these qualifications, it can be concluded that the interactive multimedia hybrid learning model in Balinese class VII subjects is feasible to be applied to support the learning process.
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'Ilmi, Achmad Miftachul, Djoko Budi Santoso, and Muslihati Muslihati. "Traditional games: Improving manners through carom." KONSELI : Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling (E-Journal) 8, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/kons.v8i1.8760.
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In the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, there was a decline in the character of the Indonesian nation, such as manners and less commendable individual behaviour. Hence, the importance of strategies for enhancing and developing individual manners. The purpose of this research is to produce a guidebook and play media of Si-KARTUN to develop the manners of junior high school students. The research and development method used was adapted from the Borg Gall model. The research and development subjects consist of two media experts, one material expert, and two potential users (mentors). Expert and prospective user test tools use a product acceptance scale based on aspects of accuracy, function, interest, and accuracy in providing group guidance services to foster the behaviour of junior high school students. Data analysis of material experts and candidates used the inter-rater agreement model while the results of the media evaluation were analyzed on an average basis. Based on the evaluation results of experts and potential users, Si-KARTUN meets the appropriate criteria, is practical, attractive, and easy to use; Therefore, the Si-KARTUN product is feasible to be applied. By using the Si-KARTUN product, the guidance process is much more fun and interesting.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Individual expert evaluation"
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Колпакова, Тетяна Олексіївна. "Методи, моделі та інформаційна технологія підтримки процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів." Thesis, Запорізький національний технічний університет, 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/27267.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.06 – інформаційні технології. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2017.
Мета дисертації – підвищення ефективності процесу експертного оцінювання на основі методів, моделей та інформаційної технології підтримки процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів. Об'єкт дослідження – процес вибору конкуруючих агентів. Предмет дослідження – моделі, методи та інформаційна технологія вибору конкуруючих агентів. Розроблено нові моделі, методи та інформаційну технологію, які забез-печують підтримку впродовж всього процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів з метою підвищення якості рішення, що приймається. Запропоновано модель процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів, в якій склад-ний процес вибору декомпозується на чітко визначені етапи. Удосконалено метод визначення групових оцінок агентів на основі отримання, формалізації та агрегації індивідуальних експертних оцінок за кожним рішенням, що включає етапи абсолютного і відносного оцінювання та враховує коефіцієнти довіри до оцінки кожного учасника. Удосконалено метод оцінювання конкуруючих агентів за набором критеріїв, що дозволяє складати рейтинг агентів. Удосконалено метод оптимізації розподілу обсягу замовлення між конкуруючими агентами, який враховує відносні коефіцієнти важливості критеріїв. Створено інформаційну технологію, що дозволяє автоматизувати процес вибору конкуруючих агентів. Виконано експериментальні дослідження з вирішення практичних задач вибору конкуруючих агентів. Розроблену інформаційну систему впроваджено на підприємствах i в організаціях.The thesis for a candidate degree in technical sciences on the specialty 05.13.06 – Information Technologies. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The purpose of the thesis – increasing of selection process effectiveness basing on methods, models and information technology of supporting the process of competing agents selecting. The object of research – the process of competing agents selecting. The subject of research – models, methods and information technology of competing agents selecting. New models, methods and information technology which provide support of the entire process of competing agents selecting and allow to improve the quality of decisions are developed. The model of the process of competing agents selecting, which represents decomposition of the process into a set of defined stages is proposed. The method of determining group ratings based on individual expert ratings for each decision which includes obtaining of individual ratings of experts comprising absolute and relative evaluation and takes into account coefficients of confidence in the evaluations provided by each participant is improved. The method of competing agents evaluating by a set of criteria that allows to rank the agents is improved. A method of optimizing the distribution of the order among competing agents which takes into account the relative importance of criteria is improved. An information technology which allows to automate the process competing agents selecting is developed. Experimental research on solving practical problems of competing agents selection was performed. The information system is implemented in enterprises and organizations.
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Колпакова, Тетяна Олексіївна. "Методи, моделі та інформаційна технологія підтримки процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/27266.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.06 – інформаційні технології. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2017.
Мета дисертації – підвищення ефективності процесу експертного оцінювання на основі методів, моделей та інформаційної технології підтримки процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів. Об'єкт дослідження – процес вибору конкуруючих агентів. Предмет дослідження – моделі, методи та інформаційна технологія вибору конкуруючих агентів. Розроблено нові моделі, методи та інформаційну технологію, які забез-печують підтримку впродовж всього процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів з метою підвищення якості рішення, що приймається. Запропоновано модель процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів, в якій склад-ний процес вибору декомпозується на чітко визначені етапи. Удосконалено метод визначення групових оцінок агентів на основі отримання, формалізації та агрегації індивідуальних експертних оцінок за кожним рішенням, що включає етапи абсолютного і відносного оцінювання та враховує коефіцієнти довіри до оцінки кожного учасника. Удосконалено метод оцінювання конкуруючих агентів за набором критеріїв, що дозволяє складати рейтинг агентів. Удосконалено метод оптимізації розподілу обсягу замовлення між конкуруючими агентами, який враховує відносні коефіцієнти важливості критеріїв. Створено інформаційну технологію, що дозволяє автоматизувати процес вибору конкуруючих агентів. Виконано експериментальні дослідження з вирішення практичних задач вибору конкуруючих агентів. Розроблену інформаційну систему впроваджено на підприємствах i в організаціях.The thesis for a candidate degree in technical sciences on the specialty 05.13.06 – Information Technologies. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The purpose of the thesis – increasing of selection process effectiveness basing on methods, models and information technology of supporting the process of competing agents selecting. The object of research – the process of competing agents selecting. The subject of research – models, methods and information technology of competing agents selecting. New models, methods and information technology which provide support of the entire process of competing agents selecting and allow to improve the quality of decisions are developed. The model of the process of competing agents selecting, which represents decomposition of the process into a set of defined stages is proposed. The method of determining group ratings based on individual expert ratings for each decision which includes obtaining of individual ratings of experts comprising absolute and relative evaluation and takes into account coefficients of confidence in the evaluations provided by each participant is improved. The method of competing agents evaluating by a set of criteria that allows to rank the agents is improved. A method of optimizing the distribution of the order among competing agents which takes into account the relative importance of criteria is improved. An information technology which allows to automate the process competing agents selecting is developed. Experimental research on solving practical problems of competing agents selection was performed. The information system is implemented in enterprises and organizations.
Books on the topic "Individual expert evaluation"
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A field investigation of some individual differences in the performance and use of an expert system. Ann Arbor, Mich: University Microfilms International, 1994.
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Maltzman, Sara, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Treatment Processes and Outcomes in Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.001.0001.
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TheOxford Handbook of Treatment Processes and Outcomes in Psychologypresents a multidisciplinary approach to a biopsychosocial, translational model of psychological treatment across the life span. It describes cutting edge research across developmental, clinical, counseling, and school psychology; social work; neuroscience; and psychopharmacology. TheHandbookemphasizes the development of individual differences in resilience and mental health concerns, including social, environmental, and epigenetic influences across the life span, particularly during childhood. TheHandbookis a primer for practitioners and researchers, and is a guide for clinics and oversight bodies responsible for decision making regarding training of staff and the evaluation of treatment effectiveness. TheHandbookis appropriate reading for students in graduate programs in psychology, social work, and counseling. ThisHandbookpresents work by experts from multiple disciplines to readers who otherwise might have difficulty gaining direct access to the works by these authors. Detailed discussions are offered that expand on areas of research and practice that already have a substantive research base, such as self-regulation, resilience, defining evidence-based treatment, and describing client-related variables that influence treatment processes. TheHandbookalso includes chapters devoted to newer areas of research (e.g., neuroimaging, medications as adjuncts to psychological treatment, and the placebo effect). Additionally, it includes chapters that address treatment outcomes, such as evaluating therapist effectiveness, examining treatment outcomes from different perspectives, and assessing the length of treatment necessary to achieve clinical improvement. TheHandbookprovides entrée into research as well as “hands on” guidance and suggestions for practice and oversight, making it a valuable resource for graduate students, seasoned practitioners, researchers, and agencies alike.
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Riley, Richard D., Danielle van der Windt, Peter Croft, and Karel G. M. Moons, eds. Prognosis Research in Health Care. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796619.001.0001.
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What is going to happen to me, doctor?’ ‘What outcomes am I likely to experience?’ ‘Will this treatment work for me?’ Prognosis—forecasting the future—has always been a part of medical practice and caring for the sick. In modern healthcare it now has a new importance, with large financial investments being made to personalize clinical decisions and tailor treatment strategies to improve individual health outcomes based on prognostic information. Prognosis research—the study of future outcomes in people with a particular health condition—provides the critical evidence for obtaining, evaluating, and implementing prognostic information within modern healthcare. This new book, written and edited by experts in the field, including clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, and other healthcare professionals, is a comprehensive and unified account of prognosis research in the broadest sense. It explains the concepts behind prognosis in medical practice and prognosis research, and provides a practical foundation for those developing, conducting, interpreting, synthesizing, and appraising prognosis studies. It recommends a framework of four basic prognosis research types, pioneered by the PROGRESS group, and provides explicit guidance on the conduct, analysis, and reporting of prognosis studies for each type. Key topics are overall prognosis in clinically relevant populations; prognostic factors associated with changes in prognosis across individuals; prognostic models for individual outcome risk prediction; and predictors of treatment effects. Examples are given of the impact of prognosis research across a broad range of healthcare topics, and the book also signals the latest developments in prognosis research, including systematic reviews and meta-analysis of prognosis studies, and the use of electronic health records and machine learning in prognosis research.
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Harris, Edward M., and Mirko Canevaro, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Law. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199599257.001.0001.
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This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs. The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Law is a general introduction to the law and legal procedure of Greece from the Archaic period to the Roman conquest. The handbook provides a reliable survey of the evidence and a critical evaluation of recent trends in scholarship. Among the contributors are some of the foremost experts in the field. It covers all aspects of ancient Greek law and the major topics of scholarly debate and reviews the status of the available evidence, especially the epigraphical material. As a whole, the handbook offers new perspectives, while at the same time discussing important avenues for future research. The volume attempts to do justice to the local features of the legal system of the numerous Greek city-states, while at the same time outlining the general legal principles that bound the Greek cities together. Some chapters examine individual poleis (Athens, Sparta, Gortyn, Ptolemaic Egypt), whole others are devoted to comparative studies of specific topics in the field: constitutional law, citizenship, marriage law, control of magistrates, law and economy, slavery and manumission, interstate relations, and amnesties aimed at ending stasis. Several chapters also examine the connection between law and political philosophy in the ancient Greek world. Each chapter starts by placing the topic within the larger historical context, then provides an overview of the evidence and methodological issues, detailed discussion of major topcis, and a critical evaluation of recent trends in scholarship.
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Hassel, Anke, and Kai Wegrich. How to Do Public Policy. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747000.001.0001.
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How to Do Public Policy offers a guide to students and practitioners as to how to improve problem-solving with policies in a political world. It integrates insights from applied policy analysis and studies of the policy process to develop a framework that conceives policy-making as structured by two spheres of action—the ‘engine room’ of specialists and experts in government agencies, NGOs, research organizations, etc., on the one hand, and the political ‘superstructure’ of politicians, key public stakeholders, and the public, on the other hand. Understanding the different logics of the engine room and the superstructure is key for successful policy-making. The dual structure of policy-making provides a perspective on (interactive) policy analysis and policy-making (actor-centred policy-making) that moves from the focus on individual and specific measures, towards understanding and shaping the relation and interaction between policy interventions, the institutional context, and the stakeholders involved or affected. Part I of the book presents the basic analytical concepts needed to understand the policy process and the structures and dynamics involved in it, as well as to understand how and why actors behave the way they do—and how to engage with different types of actors. Part II moves further into the nuts and bolts of policy-making, including policy design, implementation, and evaluation. Part III introduces and explores three key aspects of the capacity to make good policies: engagement with stakeholders, the process of policy coordination in a context of interdependence, and the role of institutions.
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Mastroianni, Anna C., Jeffrey P. Kahn, and Nancy E. Kass, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190245191.001.0001.
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Public health is fundamentally concerned with promoting the health of populations through the prevention of disease and injury. It is, at its core, a moral endeavor, because the end it seeks is the advancement of human well-being. Vexing ethics issues are inherent in all aspects of public health practice and policy. They exist in top-of-the-news stories like infectious disease outbreaks and vaccine hesitancy, health disparities, and in more routine assessments of population health needs, data collection, program evaluation, and policy development. They may be distinctive or shared across diverse fields, such as environmental health, nutrition programs and policy, injury prevention, communicable and noncommunicable diseases, and reproductive health. This volume represents the first comprehensive examination of public health ethics in the United States and globally. The volume editors recruited top public health professionals, policy experts, and scholars in public health and ethics fields to offer varied perspectives on the diversity of the issues that define public health ethics. The volume begins with two sections examining the crosscutting conceptual foundations, ethical tensions, and ethical frameworks of and for public health and how public health does its work. It then proceeds topically, with thirteen sections analyzing the application of public health ethics considerations and approaches across the broad range of subject areas. While the fifteen sections can serve to orient the reader within a specific field, each of the more than seventy chapters is designed to serve as a stand-alone contribution. The approach makes the book, its sections, and individual chapters useful as part of course materials, as well as a seminal reference for students, scholars, and public health professionals.
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Giardini, Francesca, and Rafael Wittek, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Gossip and Reputation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190494087.001.0001.
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Reputations can make or break citizens, communities, or companies. Reputations matter for individual careers, for one’s chances of finding a partner, for a profession’s credibility, or for the value of a firm’s stock options – to name but a few. The key mechanism for the creation, maintenance, and destruction of reputations in everyday life is gossip – evaluative talk about absent third parties. Reputation and gossip are inseparably intertwined, but up until now have been mostly studied in isolation. The present Handbook closes this gap, drawing on cutting edge insights from a multitude of disciplines, ranging from psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology and economics to philosophy, neurobiology and computer science. Being the first integrated and comprehensive collection of studies on both phenomena, each of the 25 chapters explores the current state of the art on the antecedents, processes and outcomes of the gossip-reputation link in contexts as diverse as online markets, non-industrial societies, modern firms, social networks, or schools. The volume is organized into seven parts, each of them devoted to the exploration of a different facet of gossip and reputation. Highly international in scope, the volume brings together some of the most eminent experts on gossip and reputation. Their contributions do not only help us to better understand the complex interplay between two of society’s most delicate social mechanisms. By pointing to new problems and a newly emerging cross-disciplinary solutions, the book also sketches the contours of a long term research agenda.
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Gardiner, Stephen M., and Allen Thompson, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199941339.001.0001.
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Environmental ethics is an academic subfield of philosophy concerned with normative and evaluative propositions about the world of nature and, perhaps more generally, the moral fabric of relations between human beings and the world we occupy. This Handbook contains forty-five newly commissioned essays written by leading experts and emerging voices. The essays range over a broad variety of issues, concepts, and perspectives that are both central to and characteristic of the field, thus providing an authoritative but accessible account of the history, analysis, and prospect of ideas that are essential to contemporary environmental ethics. The Handbook includes sections on the broad social contexts in which we find ourselves (e.g., chapters on history, science, economics, governance, and the Anthropocene), on what ought to count morally and why (e.g., chapters on humanity, animals, living individuals, ecological collectives, and wild nature), on the nature and meaning of environmental values (e.g., truth and goodness, practical reasons, hermeneutics, phenomenology, and aesthetics), on theoretical understandings of how we should act (e.g., on consequentialism, duty and obligation, character, caring relationships, and the sacred), on key concepts (e.g., responsibility, justice, gender, rights, ecological space, risk and precaution, citizenship, future generations, and sustainability), on specific areas of environmental concern (e.g., pollution, population, energy, food, water, mass extinction, technology and ecosystem management), on climate change considered as the defining environmental problem of our time (e.g., chapters on mitigation, adaptation, diplomacy, and geoengineering), and on social change (e.g., pragmatism, conflict, sacrifice, and action).
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Ślusarski, Marek. Metody i modele oceny jakości danych przestrzennych. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-30-4.
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The quality of data collected in official spatial databases is crucial in making strategic decisions as well as in the implementation of planning and design works. Awareness of the level of the quality of these data is also important for individual users of official spatial data. The author presents methods and models of description and evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers. Data describing the space in the highest degree of detail, which are collected in three databases: land and buildings registry (EGiB), geodetic registry of the land infrastructure network (GESUT) and in database of topographic objects (BDOT500) were analyzed. The results of the research concerned selected aspects of activities in terms of the spatial data quality. These activities include: the assessment of the accuracy of data collected in official spatial databases; determination of the uncertainty of the area of registry parcels, analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the quality of spatial data, construction of the quality model of data collected in official databases and visualization of the phenomenon of uncertainty in spatial data. The evaluation of the accuracy of data collected in official, large-scale spatial databases was based on a representative sample of data. The test sample was a set of deviations of coordinates with three variables dX, dY and Dl – deviations from the X and Y coordinates and the length of the point offset vector of the test sample in relation to its position recognized as a faultless. The compatibility of empirical data accuracy distributions with models (theoretical distributions of random variables) was investigated and also the accuracy of the spatial data has been assessed by means of the methods resistant to the outliers. In the process of determination of the accuracy of spatial data collected in public registers, the author’s solution was used – resistant method of the relative frequency. Weight functions, which modify (to varying degree) the sizes of the vectors Dl – the lengths of the points offset vector of the test sample in relation to their position recognized as a faultless were proposed. From the scope of the uncertainty of estimation of the area of registry parcels the impact of the errors of the geodetic network points was determined (points of reference and of the higher class networks) and the effect of the correlation between the coordinates of the same point on the accuracy of the determined plot area. The scope of the correction was determined (in EGiB database) of the plots area, calculated on the basis of re-measurements, performed using equivalent techniques (in terms of accuracy). The analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the low quality of spatial data is another research topic presented in the paper. Three main factors have been identified that influence the value of this risk: incompleteness of spatial data sets and insufficient accuracy of determination of the horizontal and vertical position of underground infrastructure. A method for estimation of the project risk has been developed (quantitative and qualitative) and the author’s risk estimation technique, based on the idea of fuzzy logic was proposed. Maps (2D and 3D) of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network were developed in the form of large-scale thematic maps, presenting the design risk in qualitative and quantitative form. The data quality model is a set of rules used to describe the quality of these data sets. The model that has been proposed defines a standardized approach for assessing and reporting the quality of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 spatial data bases. Quantitative and qualitative rules (automatic, office and field) of data sets control were defined. The minimum sample size and the number of eligible nonconformities in random samples were determined. The data quality elements were described using the following descriptors: range, measure, result, and type and unit of value. Data quality studies were performed according to the users needs. The values of impact weights were determined by the hierarchical analytical process method (AHP). The harmonization of conceptual models of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 databases with BDOT10k database was analysed too. It was found that the downloading and supplying of the information in BDOT10k creation and update processes from the analyzed registers are limited. An effective approach to providing spatial data sets users with information concerning data uncertainty are cartographic visualization techniques. Based on the author’s own experience and research works on the quality of official spatial database data examination, the set of methods for visualization of the uncertainty of data bases EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 was defined. This set includes visualization techniques designed to present three types of uncertainty: location, attribute values and time. Uncertainty of the position was defined (for surface, line, and point objects) using several (three to five) visual variables. Uncertainty of attribute values and time uncertainty, describing (for example) completeness or timeliness of sets, are presented by means of three graphical variables. The research problems presented in the paper are of cognitive and application importance. They indicate on the possibility of effective evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers and may be an important element of the expert system.
Book chapters on the topic "Individual expert evaluation"
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Koho, Mikko, Petri Leskinen, and Eero Hyvönen. "Integrating Historical Person Registers as Linked Open Data in the WarSampo Knowledge Graph." In Semantic Systems. In the Era of Knowledge Graphs, 118–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59833-4_8.
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Abstract Semantic data integration from heterogeneous, distributed data silos enables Digital Humanities research and application development employing a larger, mutually enriched and interlinked knowledge graph. However, data integration is challenging, involving aligning the data models and reconciling the concepts and named entities, such as persons and places. This paper presents a record linkage process to reconcile person references in different military historical person registers with structured metadata. The information about persons is aggregated into a single knowledge graph. The process was applied to reconcile three person registers of the popular semantic portal “WarSampo – Finnish World War 2 on the Semantic Web”. The registers contain detailed information about some 100 000 people and are individually maintained by domain experts. Thus, the integration process needs to be automatic and adaptable to changes in the registers. An evaluation of the record linkage results is promising and provides some insight into military person register reconciliation in general.
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Bajaj, Akhilesh. "The Role of Expertise in the Evaluation of Computing Architectures." In Advances in End User Computing, 112–41. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-687-7.ch007.
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Recently, there has been considerable interest in evaluating newer computer architectures such as the Web services architecture and the network computer architecture. In this work we investigate the decision models of expert and novice IS managers when evaluating computing architectures for use in an organization. This task is important because several consumer choice models in the literature indicate that the evaluation of alternative products is a critical phase that consumers undergo prior to forming an attitude toward the product. Previous work on evaluating the performance of experts vs. novices has focused either on the process differences between them, or on the performance outcome differences, with work in MIS focusing primarily on process differences. In this work, we utilize a methodology that examines both aspects, by constructing individual decision models for each expert and novice in the study. There is a growing consensus in the management literature that while experts may follow different processes, very often their performance does not differ significantly from novices in the business domain.
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Polson, Debbie, and Andrew Curtis. "Assessing Individual Influence on Group Decisions in Geological Carbon Capture and Storage Problems." In Collaborative Knowledge in Scientific Research Networks, 55–75. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6567-5.ch004.
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The inherent uncertainty in information about the Earth's subsurface requires experts to interpret and reach judgements about geological data based on their individual experience and expertise. This is particularly true for the geological storage of CO2 in subsurface saline aquifers where the fate of the injected CO2 needs to be predicted far into the future. In this chapter, linear modelling is used in a structured elicitation exercise to estimate the relative influence of individual experts within a group and to assess whether a group consensus reflects a genuine shared opinion or is biased towards or away from any dominant member or subgroup. The method is applied to a real expert evaluation of the carbon storage potential of a siliciclastic formation. This reveals herding behaviour amongst the experts, and levels of inter-expert influence that are undue given individual experts' levels of expertise, though neither phenomena was apparent during the meeting.
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"Aquatic Stewardship Education in Theory and Practice." In Aquatic Stewardship Education in Theory and Practice, edited by Amy Grack Nelson and Jenifer Matthees. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569902.ch4.
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<i>Abstract</i>.—MinnAqua, a program of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources’ (DNR) Division of Fish and Wildlife, educates the state’s youth about angling and aquatic resources. In 2001, MinnAqua began developing a leaders’ guide so educators could carry out MinnAqua activities in their own setting. As part of the development process, a formative evaluation was undertaken to answer two questions: (a) to what extent are MinnAqua’s rewrite guidelines addressed in individual lessons and the leaders’ guide as a whole?, and (b) to what extent does the leaders’ guide meet the educational needs of intended users in both formal and informal education settings? Evaluative feedback was gathered from a variety of individuals over two stages of data collection, with revisions occurring after each stage. During stage one, formal and informal educators pilot tested lessons in their respective educational settings and provided input through surveys, critiques, and focus groups. DNR Fisheries staff also critiqued lessons to ensure the scientific accuracy of the biological information. Stage two involved instructional design experts verifying educational content in the lessons, educational outreach partners commenting on how the leaders’ guide could be used to support their outreach efforts, and an accessibility expert determining how to adapt MinnAqua lessons for use with individuals with physical disabilities. The evaluation results were used to verify the incorporation of the rewrite guidelines, identify ways to strengthen the extent to which the guidelines were addressed, and modify the leaders’ guide to more fully meet educators’ needs.
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Asabere, Nana Yaw, Amevi Acakpovi, Ezer Osei Yeboah-Boateng, Wisdom Kwawu Torgby, and Eric Amoako. "Towards Career Development for High School Students." In Advances in IT Standards and Standardization Research, 56–86. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3468-7.ch004.
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Globally, choosing the right tertiary programme for university (higher) education is quite a difficult task for students. A wide range of programmes are offered by the individual universities which differ in terms of delivery modes and entry requirements. Technology inclusion in the 21st century has paved the way for the proliferation of electronic/computing systems such as electronic counseling (e-counseling) and electronic learning (e-learning). By employing a quantitative research instrument (questionnaire) to ascertain technology acceptance of Senior High School (SHS) in Ghana, this chapter proposes a web-based (e-counseling) expert system which will match students' backgrounds with the right tertiary programme towards career development. Evaluation of our proposed approach suggests that majority of the selected students (80%) out of 100 who used the system accepted and embraced it. Such a system will therefore solve and improve career guidance, counseling, and development problems of SHS students in Ghana.
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Mogensen, Jens. "Restrictive cardiomyopathy." In ESC CardioMed, 1485–90. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0358.
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is an uncommon myocardial disease, characterized by impaired filling of the ventricles in the presence of normal wall thickness and systolic function. Most patients have both left- and right-sided heart failure which are often accompanied by severe symptoms. Enlargement of both atria is usually present and thromboembolic events are common. The prognosis is generally poor and a significant proportion of patients require a cardiac transplantation. RCM may appear in the context of diseases involving multiple organs or it may be confined to the heart. In addition, the condition appears in both familial and non-familial forms. The majority of familial forms are caused by sarcomeric gene mutations, which are also frequently identified in hypertrophic, dilated, and non-compaction cardiomyopathy. This implies that familial evaluation should be considered whenever an individual is diagnosed with RCM. In non-familial RCM, the most frequent aetiology is amyloidosis due to haematological diseases or senile forms. There are no randomized clinical trials of therapy in patients with symptomatic RCM. Diuretics remain the cornerstone of treatment and require careful titration since RCM patients are very sensitive to hypovolaemia. Since the condition is very rare with a severe disease expression and poor prognosis, it is recommended that RCM patients should be followed in expert centres in order to optimize management of the individual patient.
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Narula, Sanjiv, Anil Kumar, Harish Puppala, Maheshwar Dwivedy, Surya Prakash, Rajinder Singh, and Vishal Talwar. "Restarting Manufacturing Industries Post Covid-19." In Research Anthology on Business Continuity and Navigating Times of Crisis, 378–98. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4503-7.ch020.
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This research aims to identify the critical challenges associated with restarting manufacturing organizations post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The authors conducted an expert-based survey among various industry leaders of manufacturing organizations to capture a holistic view of business continuity plans and the associated challenges. The selected individuals are responsible for making business continuity policies and plans at their respective organizations. They were asked to reflect on their experience of the present-day challenges in managing business continuity in their organizations. Expert interviews were reflective and provided candid inputs. Consequently, the keywords of the experts' feedback were synthesized by using the mind map qualitative approach, which helps in the visualization of the critical challenges at an abstract level. Further, the interrelation between them and the significance of each critical challenge is evaluated using fuzzy theory with the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. The findings of these evaluations will help to assess the existing policies/practices and to strengthen business continuity plans post-COVID-19. This study is a pioneering work that will help organizations to prepare action plans for kick-starting their broken-down economic engines.
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Sodenkamp, Mariya A., and Leena Suhl. "A Multi-Criteria Vendor Selection and Order Allocation GDSS using a Mixed Alternative and Value Focused Thinking Approach." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 108–38. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5958-2.ch007.
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Vendor selection and order quantity assignment plays a central role in the purchasing activity of manufacturing and trading companies. Evaluation of product and service suppliers for procurement planning requires, on the one hand, accurate identification and exploration of all decision relevant parameters. On the other hand, effective agreements must tackle all parties’ rights, obligations, interests, motives, and values, which are usually conflicting in nature. In this chapter, the authors address the problem of expert group structuring and formalization of participant competences by distinguishing among the a-, ß-, and ?-level experts responsible for the value system establishment, alternatives assessment and auxiliary objects evaluation, respectively. Experts can belong to more than one task community. The triples of a-, ß-, and ?-voting power indices are assigned to the individuals depending on their competence/authority. Moreover, the presented Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)-based framework facilitates selecting appropriate suppliers by the distributed expert groups and improves the quality of order allocation decisions. The usefulness of the proposed approach is demonstrated for the fuel oils and crops purchasing activities in the trading department of Raiffeisen Westfalen Mitte eG in Germany.
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Pelliccia, Antonio, Hein Heidbüchel, Domenico Corrado, Sanjay Sharma, and Mats Börjesson. "Criteria and considerations relative to safe participation in sport for athletes with cardiac abnormalities." In The ESC Textbook of Sports Cardiology, edited by Antonio Pelliccia, Hein Heidbuchel, Domenico Corrado, Mats Börjesson, and Sanjay Sharma, 369–78. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779742.003.0041.
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This chapter describes the criteria for advising safe participation in competitive sport in individuals with underlying (or even silent) cardiovascular (CV) diseases. The rationale for advising sport participation in patients with CV diseases is based on the broad clinical perception, substantiated by scientific evidence, that such individuals are exposed to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death/cardiac arrest (SCD/CA), or progression of the underlying disease, in association with intensive exercise training and sport participation. However, modification of the type/intensity of sport, or abstinence from competition in selected cases, may reduce the risk. Competitive athletes, especially professionals, with clinically silent CV abnormalities are usually driven by the will to accept possible future risks, but achieve the immediate benefits associated with a lucrative athletic career including (but not limited to) the economic, societal, and visibility correlates. In this context, the role of the physician is to identify the pathological cardiac condition and approriately advise the athlete regarding the benefits and risk associated with participation in sport. This chapter suggests the approach that the physician can adopt, based on the best scientific knowledge of the CV disease and keeping in mind the primary aim of safeguarding the athlete’s health. The present recommendations are the framework for a protocol of evaluation and management of athletes with CV disease, based on the available scientific evidence and expert opinion. Currently, in the absence of robust evidence, these recommendations cannot be considered as legally binding. Therefore, individual physicians may also practise outside the remit of these recommendations, based on their scientific and professional experience in sports cardiology. Implementation of these recommendations may achieve a relevant medical approach to safeguarding the health of athletes, and provide a uniform method of managing elite and professional athletes as they compete globally.
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Leung, Rock, and Joanna Lumsden. "Designing Mobile Technologies for Individuals with Disabilities." In Handbook of Research on User Interface Design and Evaluation for Mobile Technology, 609–23. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-871-0.ch036.
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While mobile devices offer many innovative possibilities to help increase the standard of living for individuals with disabilities and other special needs, the process of developing assistive technology, such that it will be effective across a group of individuals with a particular disability, can be extremely challenging. This chapter discusses key issues and trends related to designing and evaluating mobile assistive technology for individuals with disabilities. Following an overview of general design process issues, we argue (based on current research trends) that individuals with disabilities and domain experts be involved throughout the development process. While this, in itself, presents its own set of challenges, many strategies have successfully been used to overcome the difficulties and maximize the contributions of users and experts alike. Guidelines based on these strategies are discussed and are illustrated with real examples from one of our active research projects.
Conference papers on the topic "Individual expert evaluation"
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Kim, Inki, Scarlett R. Miller, and Andris Freivalds. "Motion Analysis as an Evaluation Framework for Eye-Hand Coordination: A Case Study in Ultrasound-Guided Catheter Insertion." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34575.
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Helping resident surgeons quickly and accurately develop expertise in clinical skills is crucial for improving patient safety and care. Because most surgical skills require visually aided device manipulations, developing effective eye-hand coordination is a crucial component of most surgical training. While eye-hand coordination has typically been evaluated on the basis of time to complete a task and number of errors, growing evidence suggests that task performance can be distinguished by detecting eye gaze patterns and movement planning. However, few studies have explored methods for collecting and evaluating gaze patterns without significantly impeding the user (e.g. goggle eye trackers), reducing the utility of this approach. Therefore, the current study was developed to propose and test a framework for evaluating the quality of eye-hand coordination using a novel motion analysis technique. To validate the framework, three expert and three novice resident surgeons were video-taped during ultrasound-guided central-venous catheter insertion procedures and compared. Our method was able to show that experts demonstrate distinguished patterns in adjusted accuracy, movement trajectories and time allocation. The results also showed that expert performance in eye-hand coordination appears to be characterized by goal-oriented adjustment. This research framework can be used to characterize individual differences and improve surgical residence training and can also be applied in other domains where eye-hand coordination needs to be studied without impeding user performance.
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Coles, Garill A., and Michael D. Zentner. "Application of Event Tree/Fault Tree Modeling Approach to the Evaluation of Proliferation Resistance." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43100.
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With the increasing popularity of nuclear energy as a means to address dwindling fossil resources and generation of greenhouse gases, comes a concern over the potential for increased proliferation of nuclear materials. Newly proposed processes/facilities will require an efficient, timely, and systematic assessment of the potential for proliferation to support decisions about optimum solutions to these competing concerns. Currently, evaluation of proliferation resistance is largely done by experts in an informal and unstructured fashion. As a result the evaluation may not always be repeatable or supportable. In 2002 an expert group was formed by The Generation IV International Forum to develop an internationally accepted methodology for assessing the proliferation resistance of a nuclear energy system (NES) and its individual elements. A pilot study was performed to test the methodologies being developed. The pilot consisted of assessing the proliferation resistance of a specific NES example with each analysis method. The example chosen was called the Example Sodium Fast Reactor which was designed to accept spent sodium-bonded, metallic fuel from four advanced fast reactors and to convert it into new fuel assemblies. A number of different approaches were taken to evaluate the diversion of material from the facility to assess their applicability and usefulness. This paper describes a Decision/Event Tree and Fault Tree Analysis approach.
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Gureyev, Vadim N., Nikolay A. Mazov, and Inna Yu Ilyicheva. "Bibliometric methods to identify priority research trends in the Earth sciences." In Twenty Fourth International Conference "Information technologies, computer systems and publications for libraries". Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/978-5-85638-221-0-2019-47-52.
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Identifying research priorities and trends is one of the most important strategic tasks of scientific organizations. Its accomplishment enables to distribute limited funds more efficiently and to establish an interest balance between various stakeholders in research activity; it also makes research organization and its structural divisions more competitive in the academic space. The paper reports the findings of bibliometric analysis; research priorities for an individual research organization specialized in the earth sciences, are revealed. The discussed approaches based on the use of citation analysis and content analysis can significantly enhance expert evaluation process at the stage of setting research priorities.
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HORNYÁK GREGÁŇOVÁ, Radomíra, Dana ORSZÁGHOVÁ, and Jarmila HORVÁTHOVÁ. "THE ROLE OF TERTIARY EDUCATION IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN CONDITIONS OF SLOVAK REPUBLIC." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.126.
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In addition to the infrastructure of the regions, an essential aspect of their development is their educational structure and the demographic potential according to the predominance of the age composition. The education is basic tool for acquiring expert knowledge, which affects human capital of the labor market and professional mobility and adaptability of human resources at the labor market. It is important to educate the university undergraduates for practice by using appropriate and suitable educational methods. In Slovakia the share of inhabitants with the university education is increasing. This group represents the development potential of the regions. Great possibilities consist in the training of a new generation of graduates for different fields of regional development. Therefore, the educational structure and also the active working and networking of universities with other actors in the region are important. The objective of this paper is focused on the tertiary education and study programs for the regional development. We will analyze the development of number of students at universities with regard to the individual levels of study (bachelor, engineer/master and PhD.) and study programs within the individual regions of the Slovak Republic. The evaluation of the obtained data will be made by using the methods of comparative statistics.
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Seel, Kevin, and Adam Phillips. "Combining Expert Knowledge and Automation to Maximize Pipeline Route Optionality and Defensibility: A Case Study of the Aurora Pipeline." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78289.
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It has become increasingly difficult to successfully develop pipeline projects in North America. This stems from complex matters including environmental opposition, Indigenous rights, regulatory uncertainty, investor indecision and evolving policy. To manage these challenges, developers are advised to consider a route development methodology that provides both optionality and defensibility. This can be achieved through a process that characterizes the landscape based on level of constraint related to environmental and social factors, construction and operational limitations, strategic drivers and cost. Such a process must be analytically robust and able to adapt to new information and priorities emerging throughout the development phase. Particularly in the case of large-scale pipeline projects, traditional routing methods may prove too costly and time-consuming to undertake this analysis in a practical manner. Consequently, proponents may be left with fewer and less defensible route options. Recently, the Aurora Pipeline Team sought to advance preliminary corridor routing under a paradigm of maximum optionality and defensibility in evaluating pipeline routes across northern British Columbia, inclusive of strategic interconnections. Implementing Golder Associates Ltd. automated routing decision support system called “GoldSET” the team was able to rapidly perform a robust corridor options analysis covering over 400,000 km2. This systematic, data-driven process involved subject matter expert assessment of the level of constraint or opportunity associated with individual data layers in consideration of multiple, thematic scenarios. Having consolidated and mapped the aggregated level of constraint across northern BC, routes were generated along paths of least constraint with segments tested for agreement across multiple scenarios. In total, 72 routes comprising more than 50,000 km in total length were developed and evaluated for feasibility. This refinement process ultimately resulted in an interconnected network of approximately 180 pre-screened route segments totaling nearly 12,237 km of potential routes. The advantage provided in subsequent stages of the project was the ability to recognize, quantify and evaluate the tradeoffs between segments, and adapt the route as fatal flaws were encountered. During ensuing, constructability-focused phases of the routing process, optionality had been pre-established, and route changes were able to be made quickly where required. The automated process, in companion to subject matter expert participation, also provided a clear and defensible rationale as to why routes were considered optimal, and how potential impacts to sensitive features were addressed. The evaluation was completed in far less time and more cost-effectively than otherwise possible with traditional methods.
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Tian, Yun Qi, Deborah L. Thurston, and James V. Carnahan. "Incorporating End-Users’ Attitudes Towards Uncertainty Into an Expert System." In ASME 1992 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1992-0003.
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Abstract Uncertainty is a real and unavoidable part of the design process. Uncertainty in the area of manufacturing cost estimation can have a negative impact on the desirability of design alternatives, and some might be deemed “too risky” for further consideration in spite of potential benefits. Expert designers obtain a sense of what level of risk is acceptable for different types of applications. Expert systems for design thus might include a set of necessary and reasonable assumptions which reflect a particular expert’s attitude towards risk and uncertainty. These assumptions may not be applicable for all users. In this paper we present an expert system for design which explicitly addresses the individual user’s attitude towards uncertainty. We have developed a spreadsheet user-interface for assessing this attitude through a utility function, and for linking those results to a heuristic rule base. The heuristic rule base contains only technical expertise used to determine a set of feasible alternatives, while the process of evaluating and ranking these feasible alternatives is driven by the user’s individual preferences and risk-taking profile.
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Cheeseman, Mark J., Douglas K. Smith, and Graham B. Hesketh. "Understanding the Aftermarket: Applying Agent-Based Modelling to Service Infrastructure Design." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90465.
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In order to compete in challenging global markets, Rolls-Royce must have the capability to manage complex processes effectively. As the environment surrounding these processes is constantly changing, the ability to adapt to meet new requirements is essential. The challenge to the business is to quickly adopt an appropriate course of action for each set of circumstances, anticipated or otherwise. An individual decision-maker faced with this situation will normally have several options available. The difficulty is assessing the ramifications of each within a given time frame. To improve the quality of this evaluation, computerized decision support tools can be used. Such tools offer the ability to assess a multitude of options in a short space of time, using a combination of expert knowledge and real data. Having developed an extensive aero-engine service business, Rolls-Royce is required to maintain a highly dependable aftermarket infrastructure. Therefore, the ability to compare how any one particular aftermarket design would perform relative to another is an essential capability. Agent-based systems offer an approach that is both intuitive and interactive, modelling individual entities in the system from the bottom up, capturing low-level interactions that ultimately determine the overall performance of the system. This provides the flexibility and transparency to allow trustworthy analysis and evaluation to take place. To address this business need, an agent-based aftermarket model has been developed. An agent-based system is made up of small software programs built to operate just like a human team. Each agent has a set of capabilities and knowledge, but must work with other agents to achieve the overall goal. Agents can react to changes, adapting and re-planning if a better approach is identified. This paper describes how the model was constructed and the resulting analysis that it facilitates. The model has the ability to replicate the likely service characteristics that would be in place during the full lifecycle of the product. All aspects of the necessary infrastructure are captured, based upon the roles and capabilities of the constituent elements. Agents are used to represent a variety of objects and functions, including airports, airlines, aircraft, overhaul facilities and logistics. Through planning and negotiation, representative decisions are made by these agents to determine when an overhaul should take place and what the workscope should be based upon defined policies. A large selection of configurable parameters can be set by the user to accurately reflect the proposed scenario, providing a powerful what-if analysis tool that can be used to drive the design process, ensuring that product attributes and performance are aligned with the available maintenance infrastructure.
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Tarasova, Iuliia, Vyacheslav Andreev, Roman Ainbinder, and Denis Toskin. "The hybrid classifier for the task of career guidance testing." In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce2771d14411.89729640.
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Career guidance testing assumes the presence of several types of individuals, and in the case when the output data of testing are images that characterize certain qualities of the subjects – several types (classes) of images. The image classes includes of selected searchable elements that determine whether an image belongs to a particular selected type (class). There is a ColourUnique M software module that allows you to automate the process of testing and saving test forms. The functions of the classifier are still performed by an expert (teacher or psychologist), which implies errors in evaluating the result due to individual characteristics of human perception, which can negatively affect the reliability of the classification. The paper considers two algorithms for evaluating images (the made test forms), one of which is a neural network, and the second is a filtering algorithm with hard – defined areas for determining the desired elements. During the implementing of these algorithms, a number of problems arose. The classifier is created in order to improve the accuracy of classification, both in comparison with expert assessment and with the first experimental data obtained. For achieve of the most reliable classification results, the authors consider the possibility of implementing a hybrid classifier for career guidance tasks.
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ATKOČIŪNIENĖ, Vilma, and Ilona KIAUŠIENĖ. "LITHUANIAN REGIONS BY THE TYPE OF RURAL SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.118.
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Rural areas face constant increase of partially used rural social infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as RSI) facilities, coordination of which shows insufficient level of description and professionalism, functions performed by RSI organisations are not aligned. As a result of a bad situation of rural social infrastructure, small rural areas face with decline. The research aim – having theoretically analysed the factors that determine social infrastructure development, to make the analysis of RSI situation and the analysis of the factors that influence development in Lithuanian rural regions. The following objectives have been solved: analysed theoretically the factors determining the development of the rural social infrastructure; analysed the condition of RSI and the factors influencing upon its development in Lithuanian rural regions. The research methods are the survey and the analysis of the scientific literature, scientific literature systemization, matching and comparison, multiple-criteria statistical data analyses and syntheses, expert evaluation. Integrated RSI condition indicators were calculated for each municipality and compared with indicators established for other municipalities in order to determine the RSI development level of each region. Analysis’ results showed that the sector of communications and telecommunications is valued best, while the sector of protection of persons and property is assessed worst. Bad RSI situation is observed in 35.29 percent Lithuanian municipalities. There is no rural territory, showing perfect level of RSI development. This permits to draw a conclusion about the differences of the situation of the whole infrastructure system and social-economic problems. Problems of territorial and social cohesion are formed due to the uneven RSI development in individual regions/municipalities. Regions/municipalities with poor RSI lags behind the needs of local population are less attractive for investments, settling down, living, resting, such areas show higher unemployment rate, lower disposable incomes of households, residents are forced into a corner, limited sustainable development, and weak local economy.
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Elwan, Mahmoud, Ehsan Davani, Shawket G. Ghedan, Hesham Mousa, Rami Kansao, Meher Surendra, Lichi Deng, et al. "Automated Well Production and Gas Lift System Diagnostics and Optimization Using Augmented AI Approach in a Complex Offshore Field." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206213-ms.
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Abstract This paper presents the comprehensive analysis and optimization study of the gas lift system of 44 gas lifted wells in QQ Field in the Gulf of Suez. With the least amount of intervention, the optimized operational plan would yield an additional 7 to 10% oil gain over the current production rate, an improvement of gas utilization and operational efficiency, and operating cost reduction. This paper presents an Augmented AI approach, which is an efficient, repeatable and automated workflow to diagnose and optimize gas lift operations, reducing the time required for this process from weeks to hours. This study evaluates historical performance, identification of suboptimal performers using heuristic diagnostics, and subsequent optimization using well models coupled with advanced optimization algorithms. The presented workflow implements a top-down approach beginning with field-level based analytics, then further delves into detailed engineering aspects of well production and individual gas lift operations. It builds from artificial intelligence and engineering-based workflows that compute smart metrics based on the historical well production and performance of gas lift systems. Heuristics and expert-based rules are also considered to perform a fast and smart diagnostics process. These analytics and diagnostics stages help build key metrics to evaluate well performance and monitor gas lift operations from both executive and asset management levels. The study results identified suboptimal wells with inefficient gas lift performance that require detailed evaluation for improvement from both design and operational perspectives. During the optimization phase, reliable well model-based analysis coupled with physical constraints are used to provide remedial actions for the identified wells. The workflow allows automated well model construction and calibration, coupled with an unsupervised learning algorithm to detect and eliminate unreliable datasets. Afterward, specific well-level analysis is performed including gas lift performance curve while honoring existing well configuration, hypervolume-based multi-objective optimization and sensitivity analysis on key parameters for best gas lift performance.
Reports on the topic "Individual expert evaluation"
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Nechypurenko, Pavlo P., and Vladimir N. Soloviev. Using ICT as the Tools of Forming the Senior Pupils’ Research Competencies in the Profile Chemistry Learning of Elective Course “Basics of Quantitative Chemical Analysis”. [б. в.], November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2659.
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Aims of the study: to substantiate possibilities of the research competencies formation among senior pupils in terms of profile Chemistry learning by means of practical using information and communication technology while accomplishing an elective course “Basics of quantitative chemical analysis”. This research considers the influence of various ICT tools on the formation of individual study and research competencies, in particular the system components of the research competencies among senior pupils in terms of profile Chemistry learning and the methods of their practical applying while accomplishing an elective course “Basics of quantitative chemical analysis”. Object of the study: ICT tools for Chemistry learning. Subject of the study: ICT tools of research competencies formation among senior pupils in terms of profile Chemistry learning. Methods of the study: reviewing and analyzing scientific publications, expert evaluation, summarizing pedagogical experience. Results of the study: the system of research competencies formation among senior pupils is effectively provided by the correct selection of ICT tools and conditions of their applying for the certain research competence formation, which embodies system components. Our research confirms the idea that the most ICT tools are to be leading in the development of research competencies among senior pupils in profile Chemistry learning. They are successfully tested by means of their applying in the process of studying the elective course “Basics of Quantitative Chemical Analysis”. They show the high effectiveness. Our study confirms that virtual chemical laboratories are the most universal and influential tools of forming the research competencies among senior pupils in profile Chemistry learning.
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González-Montaña, Luis Antonio. Semantic-based methods for morphological descriptions: An applied example for Neotropical species of genus Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/biosystecol.1.e71620.
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The production of semantic annotations has gained renewed attention due to the development of anatomical ontologies and the documentation of morphological data. Two methods are proposed in this production, differing in their methodological and philosophical approaches: class-based method and instance-based method. The first, the semantic annotations are established as class expressions, while in the second, the annotations incorporate individuals. An empirical evaluation of the above methods was applied in the morphological description of Neotropical species of the genus Lepidocyrtus (Collembola: Entomobryidae: Lepidocyrtinae). The semantic annotations are expressed as RDF triple, which is a language most flexible than the Entity-Quality syntax used commonly in the description of phenotypes. The morphological descriptions were built in Protégé 5.4.0 and stored in an RDF store created with Fuseki Jena. The semantic annotations based on RDF triple increase the interoperability and integration of data from diverse sources, e.g., museum data. However, computational challenges are present, which are related with the development of semi-automatic methods for the generation of RDF triple, interchanging between texts and RDF triple, and the access by non-expert users.
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Gupte, Jaideep, and Saba Aslam. Decentralised Cooperation and Local Government: Addressing Contemporary Global Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.002.
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At the start of the last decade, United Cities and Local Governments’ (UCLG) policy paper on Decentralised Cooperation and Local Government laid out a clear rationale for decentralised cooperation and set out recommendations to the prevalent tackle weaknesses of international development cooperation and to strengthen development effectiveness. In many ways, the paper was a forerunner in calling for stronger sustained support for South-South development cooperation particularly among countries that have undergone similar socio-economic challenges so that learnings can be shared across partners. It laid emphasis on professional structures and programme-based approaches, with clear monitoring and evaluation tools and indicators on impact and called for a sharing of objectives across local and regional governments, and their associations, committed to continuing improvement, learning and exchange. These recommendations have helped strengthen international decentralised cooperation over the past decade, and their core principles continue to be highly relevant today. In 2021, the Institute of Development Studies, UK, with support of the UCLG Capacity and Institution Building Working Group (CIB), has engaged a wide range of member governments, associations, and networks, alongside a range of external commentators and experts, to assess UCLG principles, priorities, and actions in the context of contemporary global challenges and the resulting landscape of decentralised development cooperation. Following a series of survey-based, individual, case study, and workshop interactions, the study presents key points and recommendations.
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.
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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,