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1
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. National Audit Office. Individual learning accounts: Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General. London: Stationery Office, 2002.
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2
Seminar on Issues Related to Identification, Diagnosis, and Management of Individuals with Auditory Dys-Synchrony (2009 AIISH). Auditory dys-synchrony: Proceedings of the Seminar on Issues Related to Identification, Diagnosis, and Management of Individuals with Auditory Dys-Synchrony, 7th August 2009. Edited by All India Institute of Speech and Hearing. Mysore: All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, 2010.
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3
Guyer, Evelyn A. From the hand to heart: Bonding and relaxation techniques (B.A.R.T.) for individuals with combined auditory and visual impairments. [New York?]: E.A. Guyer, 1992.
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4
Carbo, Marie. Teaching students to read through their individual learning styles. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1986.
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1930-, Dunn Rita Stafford, and Dunn Kenneth J, eds. Teaching students to read through their individual learning styles. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1991.
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Romiszowski, A. J. Selection and use of instructional Media: For improved classroom teaching and for interactive , individual instruction. 2nd ed. London: Kogan Page, 1992.
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Montana. Legislature. Legislative Audit Division. Integrated Revenue Information System: Processing of individual income and corporate tax records, Department of Revenue : information systems audit. Helena, Mont: Legislative Audit Division, 2009.
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Montana. Legislature. Legislative Audit Division. Integrated Revenue Information System: Processing of individual income and corporate tax records, Department of Revenue : information systems audit. Helena, Mont: Legislative Audit Division, 2009.
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9
Office, National Audit. Ministry of Defence: Individual training in the armed services : report by the Comptroller andAuditor General. London: HMSO, 1987.
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Dmitrieva, Ol'ga. Accounting, analysis and audit of operations with securities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048787.
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The textbook describes the procedure of maintenance of accounting and tax accounting transactions with underlying securities (shares, bonds, bills of exchange) to organizations that are not professional participants of the securities market. Describes the methodology and fundamental analysis of the stock and methods used to estimate their fair value. It considers the basic tools of technical analysis of the securities market. Disclosed method of analysis of debt securities. The method of audit of operations with securities.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
For students studying in field of study 38.03.01 "Economics", practitioners in the field of accounting and analysis, as well as individuals interested in the analysis of debt and equity financial tools to create a personal investment portfolio.
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Joan Miró: Obras maestras en Galicia : Auditorio de Galicia, Sala de Exposicións, Santiago de Compostela, 27 de setembro-30 de novembro 1991. [Barcelona]: Fundació Joan Miró, 1991.
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Joan Miró: Obras maestras en Galicia : Auditorio de Galicia, Sala de Exposicións, Santiago de Compostela, 27 de setembro-30 de novembro 1991. [Barcelona]: Fundació Joan Miró, 1991.
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13
Minobrnauki, Rossiyskoy. Finance and Financial analysis. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1242227.
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The textbook systematizes basic knowledge in the field of finance, financial analysis and financial management, presented in their direct relationship and significance from the point of view of evaluation, diagnosis, forecasting and monitoring of the continuity of the organization's activities. It includes seven chapters grouped into three sections. The first section is devoted to the theoretical foundations of the organization's financial management, stakeholders and sources of the organization's activities. The second section discusses the basics of financial analysis, providing knowledge of the main directions, information base and methods of financial analysis, as well as allowing them to be applied reasonably, calculate and evaluate analytical indicators, determine the impact of globalization processes, various macro-and microfactors on the financial condition of the organization. The third section contains the basics of financial management, providing an understanding of the essence of the financial mechanism of the organization and algorithms for justifying decisions in the field of financial management.
It complies with the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation and provides the formation of basic competencies in the field of finance, financial management and financial analysis.
For bachelor's, specialist's and master's students studying in the field of Economics, the system of additional professional education, training centers for advanced training of auditors and other financial market specialists, as well as for individual preparation of applicants for qualification certification and passing qualification exams.
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Gómez-Peña, Guillermo. Temple of confessions: Mexican beasts and living santos. New York: powerHouse Books, 1996.
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15
Mason, Peggy. Audition. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0016.
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Hearing loss is devastating because it prevents communication through verbal language and thereby produces social isolation. The experience of hearing loss or deafness is the most common sensory deficit. The experience of affected individuals is highly variable because it depends on age of onset and treatment efficacy, among many factors. The roles of the external and middle ears in conduction and of the internal ear in sensorineural processing are used as a framework for understanding common forms of hearing loss. The contributions of inner and outer hair cells to cochlear function are detailed. How cochlear amplification results from the actions of prestin in outer hair cells is explained. The roles of age, noise, genetic background, and environmental factors in presbyacusis are considered. Approaches to hearing loss, including cochlear implants and sign language, are discussed. Finally, the brain regions involved in speech production and comprehension are detailed.
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Mastering The Audition How To Perform Under Pressure. A & C Black Publishers Ltd, 2012.
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17
Kandler, Karl, ed. The Oxford Handbook of the Auditory Brainstem. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190849061.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of the Auditory Brainstem provides an in-depth reference to the organization and function of ascending and descending auditory pathways in the mammalian brainstem. Individual chapters are organized along the auditory pathway, beginning with the cochlea and ending with the auditory midbrain. Each chapter provides an introduction to the respective area and summarizes our current knowledge before discussing the disputes and challenges that the field currently faces.The handbook emphasizes the numerous forms of plasticity that are increasingly observed in many areas of the auditory brainstem. Several chapters focus on neuronal modulation of function and plasticity on the synaptic, neuronal, and circuit level, especially during development, aging, and following peripheral hearing loss. In addition, the book addresses the role of trauma-induced maladaptive plasticity with respect to its contribution in generating central hearing dysfunction, such as hyperacusis and tinnitus.The book is intended for students and postdoctoral fellows starting in the auditory field and for researchers of related fields who wish to get an authoritative and up-to-date summary of the current state of auditory brainstem research. For clinical practitioners in audiology, otolaryngology, and neurology, the book is a valuable resource of information about the neuronal mechanisms that are currently discussed as major candidates for the generation of central hearing dysfunction.
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Gauker, Christopher. Inner Speech as the Internalization of Outer Speech. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796640.003.0003.
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This chapter aims to clear a path for the thesis that inner speech, in the very languages we speak, is the sole medium of all conceptual thought. First, it is argued that inner speech should not be identified with the auditory imagery of speech. Since they are distinct, there may be many more episodes of inner speech than those that are accompanied by auditory imagery. Second, it is argued that it is not necessary to conceive of linguistic communication as a matter of the speaker’s revealing through words an underlying thought. Rather, acts of speech may be conceived as producing cooperation by intervening on processes of thought that are essentially imagistic. So conceived, the practice of speaking in language may acquire a function wholly internal to the individual, where it adds a layer of coordination to an underlying foundation of imagistic cognition.
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Kaulitz, Carole, Mabel M. Brown, and Ellyn Lucas Arwood. Learning with a Visual Brain in an Auditory World Second Edition: Visual Language Strategies for Individuals with Autism Specrum Disorders. Apricot, Inc., 2018.
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20
Hasan-Rokem, Galit. Jewish Folklore and Ethnography. Edited by Martin Goodman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199280322.013.0038.
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This article describes folklore as a unique form of cultural creativity and expression and discusses Jewish folklore through the ages and the scholarship of Jewish folklore. Folklore is a form of creativity and expression that exists in all the cultures we know. It is characterized by its qualities of collectivity and tradition, by its oral mode of expression, and usually by anonymity. Folklore is created and transmitted among individuals and groups through all the audio-visual interpersonal channels of communication. The discussion offers remarks on the field of folkloristics, to facilitate the application of accepted general terminology to the survey of Jewish folklore. The collective aspect of folklore is expressed both in the immediate interaction established between performer and audience, and in the concept of authority and ownership of the work, that is considered as belonging to the group and not an individual.
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Murray, Joseph J. Transnational Interconnections in Nineteenth-Century Western Deaf Communities. Edited by Michael Rembis, Catherine Kudlick, and Kim E. Nielsen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234959.013.25.
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A transnational approach to history brings new perspectives to nationally based historical narratives. In the case of deaf history, it uncovers new patterns of international interaction, resulting in a transnational deaf public sphere, which operated from the latter third of the nineteenth century. Through publications, travel by individual deaf people, and a series of international congresses that took place between 1873 and 1924, deaf Westerners exchanged strategies on how to live as deaf people in auditory societies. A central concern was the preservation of the right to use sign language in the face of ideologies that sought to remove this language from the education of deaf children. Deaf Westerners created transnational strategies of response to transnational ideologies of eugenics and normality. By doing so, they attempted to claim a space for “aberrant” bodies within nationalist ideologies.
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Ward, Jamie. Music and shape in synaesthesia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199351411.003.0021.
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People with synaesthesia have extra percept-like experiences that are automatically elicited by certain stimuli: for instance, some synaesthetes experience music visually as well as via hearing. Although this has historically been labelled as ‘coloured hearing’, there is far more to the experience than colour: the visions also tend to have shape, movement, texture and location. The chapter starts with a general overview of synaesthesia and then goes on to consider auditory–visual synaesthesia in particular, concentrating on what little is known about shape. Whereas most psychological research has focused on the shapes of individual notes (e.g. high-pitch notes being spiky), synaesthetes report that shape is important at multiple levels in music: from single notes, through to whole compositions and performances. The final part of the chapter contains first-person accounts of synaesthetes describing the shape of music.
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Lepora, Nathan F. Building blocks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0013.
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This chapter introduces the “building blocks” section of the Handbook of Living Machines which explores the individual sensory and motor components that when pieced together can comprise a complete biological or artificial system. The first six chapters cover the senses of vision, audition, touch, taste, and smell (considered together as chemosensing, proprioception, and electrosensing). The remaining chapters review aspects of the biomimetics of animal movement. First, that biological muscle has many performance benefits compared with conventional electric, second, how oscillations in neural circuits can drive rhythmic movements, and finally the capacity of animal skin, in species such as geckos, to adhere to surfaces and support behaviors such as climbing.
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Castellanos, Irina, David B. Pisoni, Chen Yu, Chi-hsin Chen, and Derek M. Houston. Embodied Cognition in Prelingually Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880545.003.0017.
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The theory of embodiment postulates that cognition emerges from multisensory interactions of an agent with its environment and as a result of multiple overlapping and time-locked sensory-motor activities. In this chapter, we discuss the complex multisensory system that may underlie young children’s novel word learning, how embodied attention may provide new insights into language learning after prelingual hearing loss, and how embodied attention may underlie learning in the classroom. We present new behavioral data demonstrating the coordination of sensory-motor behaviors in groups of young children with prelingual hearing loss (deaf, early implanted children with cochlear implants and hard-of-hearing children with hearing aids) and without hearing loss (two control groups of peers matched for chronological and hearing age). Our preliminary findings suggest that individual differences and variability in language outcomes may be traced to children’s coordination of auditory, visual, and motor behaviors with a social partner.
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Grimaldi, Stephanie J., and Emily R. Stern. Sensory Processing and Intolerance in OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0011.
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Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often exhibit abnormal sensitivity to sensory stimuli and a reduced ability to screen out stimuli that most do not find bothersome. This chapter reviews evidence documenting increased sensitivity to external sensory stimuli (auditory, olfactory, tactile) and reduced sensory gating in patients with OCD. In some individuals such sensitivity can present as a primary symptom. Many patients with OCD also experience sensations that appear to be “internally generated,” including not-just-right experiences, incompleteness, and physical urges; this is the focus of the second half of the chapter. These sensations, termed “sensory phenomena,” cause significant distress and impairment in daily functioning and may require different treatments than fear-based obsessions. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of directions for future research that may provide further insight into the nature of sensory symptoms as well as potential treatments.
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Raymer, Anastasia M., and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Aphasia Syndromes: Introduction and Value in Clinical Practice. Edited by Anastasia M. Raymer and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.20.
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Neurologic damage affecting the left cerebral hemisphere leads to impairments in comprehension and expression of language in the verbal modality (aphasia) and in the written modality (dyslexia and dysgraphia). Impairment patterns take various forms, differing in the fluency/nonfluency of verbal output and integrity of auditory comprehension, repetition, and word retrieval abilities. The divergent classifications of aphasia allow reflection on neural and psychological correlates of specific aspects of language processing in verbal and written modalities. Neurologic damage affecting the right cerebral hemisphere can lead to changes in social and prosodic communication, speaking to the role of the right hemisphere in language processing. Patterns of language breakdown following neurologic injury have implications for assessment and intervention for affected individuals. Whereas perspectives vary on interpretation of the language breakdown across disciplines, this volume’s purpose is to facilitate interactions across disciplines to improve the lives of those with aphasia and related communication disorders.
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Green, Melanie C. Trust and social interaction on the Internet. Edited by Adam N. Joinson, Katelyn Y. A. McKenna, Tom Postmes, and Ulf-Dietrich Reips. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561803.013.0004.
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This article focuses on interactions and relationships that start on the Internet. Relationships that begin online pose unique challenges: false identities are easy to create and difficult to verify. Visual and non-verbal cues are typically absent, despite the technical possibilities for video and audio transmissions. Because individuals communicating online are likely to be geographically distant from one another, it is often impossible to rely on mutual acquaintances to vouch for the trustworthiness of a person.
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Castle, David J., Peter F. Buckley, and Fiona P. Gaughran. A comprehensive monitoring approach to physical healthcare in people with schizophrenia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198811688.003.0007.
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Monitoring of sentinel physical health issues should be part of the routine clinical care of people with schizophrenia and should include everyone involved, not least the patients’ general practitioners and patients themselves. All too often, however, appropriate ongoing monitoring is not part of usual clinical practice, and patients with psychotic disorders continue to have their physical health problems under-recognized and under-treated. There are numerous barriers to effective monitoring, and these operate at a systems level, clinical level, and patient level. Understanding of these barriers and negotiating them is vital and needs to be responsive to individual circumstances. This chapter provides a number of tools that can assist comprehensive longitudinal monitoring and involve the patient in the process. Clinicians and systems need to ensure such procedures and care pathways are delivered upon and continually audited and updated as required.
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Pricope, Mihaela. Start LR. Manual de limba romana pentru cetatenii straini. Editura Universitara, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062811471.
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Manualul START LR se adreseaza cetatenilor straini care studiaza limba romana si este conceput pentru nivelul A1 conform Cadrului European Comun de Referinta pentru Limbi Straine. Cartea contine 10 unitati tematice care ajuta la fixarea cunostintelor de baza de gramatica cat si la insusirea unui vocabular util in situatii reale de viata cum ar fi: la secretariat, in taxi, la doctor, la cumparaturi, etc. Manualul de fata vizeaza dobandirea competentelor de comunicare orala si scrisa in contexte variate si contine texte scrise si audio pentru practicarea intelegerii unui fragment. El poate fi utilizat de catre profesorii de limba romana ca limba straina sau pentru studiu individual.
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Martin, Jeffrey J. Environmental Barriers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638054.003.0033.
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In addition to individual and social barriers to physical activity (PA), people with impairments also face a physical or built environment that is often not conducive to PA. The purpose of this chapter is to survey the most common, and some idiosyncratic, environmental barriers to PA and protections intended via the Americans with Disabilities Act. While opportunity barriers are often under people’s control, other barriers such as inclement weather are outside of human control. However, sidewalks and wheelchair ramps that are not shoveled free of snow are examples of where uncontrollable and controllable barriers merge. Other examples include transportation barriers: Often entrances to public transportation are inaccessible, and waiting for public transportation and carrying equipment on public transportation are seen as barriers to PA. Ramps too steep for wheelchairs, bathroom and locker room doors too narrow for wheelchairs, no grab bars in showers, lack of lifts into a pool, and pools that are too cold also make it hard for people to use exercise facilities. Other environmental obstacles to PA include a lack of auditory signals at crosswalks, and uneven and unkempt paved walking and jogging paths.
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Gunn, Steven. The king’s revenues. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659838.003.0005.
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The new men were active throughout Henry’s financial administration, aiming to increase the king’s revenues and the precision of his financial management. They collected and drove up the crown’s landed revenues and the customs on trade. They assessed taxation, oversaw the coinage, and managed the king’s feudal revenues from wardship and livery. They administered the bonds through which Henry bound his subjects to pay him money and which he used to exert political control over individuals. They helped the king audit accounts, took stock of royal possessions, and managed the financial transition from his reign to his son’s.
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Chanan, Michael. Video Speech in Latin America. Edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733866.013.037.
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This article appears in theOxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aestheticsedited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. In rehearsing the history of video in Latin America, this chapter focuses on the social rather than the individual, on video as a collective medium where audio and visual are placed in a new relationship of equal simultaneity, and thus where video functions more as a form of collective speech than individual expression. In the Latin American experience, which built on the radical film movement of the preceding decades, community activists became aficionados of video, often under the most inimical circumstances, but by exploiting video’s potential for alternative, small scale, low profile, subcultural uses. Using examples from Chile in the 1980s, indigenous video in countries like Brazil and Bolivia, and the movement of video activism in Argentina in the early 2000s known ascine piquetero, the chapter sketches a concept of video speech as a form of audiovisual utterance answering to the socialized conditions of its production, in a dialogical relationship with its audience.
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Wilshire, Carolyn E. Conduction Aphasia: Impaired Phonological Processing. Edited by Anastasia M. Raymer and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.8.
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Conduction aphasia is a syndrome characterized by impaired repetition in the context of relatively preserved auditory comprehension and fluent speech. The classical conceptualization of conduction aphasia as a disconnection syndrome has been undermined in recent years. Nevertheless, this diagnosis delineates a small subset of individuals with aphasia who have many common cognitive and anatomical characteristics. Conduction aphasia is associated with damage to a relatively narrow and well-defined group of left hemisphere brain structures, which may include the posterior superior temporal lobe, the inferior parietal lobe, and the insula. According to current cognitive neuropsychological frameworks, an impairment in phonological planning for speech production is the common underlying cognitive dysfunction in the majority of cases, which may sometimes be accompanied by an analogous impairment in receptive phonology. Other common features, such as sentence repetition problems and reduced short-term memory span, may be a secondary consequence of the primary phonological impairment. Current approaches to the treatment of conduction aphasia target the underlying impairment in phonological planning. It is argued that the diagnosis of conduction aphasia can be a useful first step toward understanding a person’s language difficulties and planning effective treatment interventions.
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Castillo, Francisco Andújar, Antonio Feros, and Pilar Ponce Leiva. A Sick Body. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.003.0010.
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At the heart of this chapter is the connection that exists between anticorruption measures and power politics. It shows how the resistance of Spanish elites—the same elites whom the king relied on to keep kingdom and empire together—was one of the main reasons why anticorruption measures in sixteenth- and early-seventeenth-century Spain were ultimately ineffective. Spanish kings were reluctant to antagonize these elites for fear of creating more serious and damaging political problems. However, the lively debate about corruption could also be seen as an attempt to better understand and control it. Of the various administrative mechanisms available to control royal ministers and administrators, the authors pay particular attention to the so-called visitas and residencias: audits of institutions or individuals conducted during or at the end of their terms of office.
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Butow, Phyllis N. Issues in coding cancer consultations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0064.
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It is now well accepted that communication between the health professional and the patient is a critical component of quality patient care, and that poor communication can adversely affect both patient and health professional outcomes. However, audits of doctor and nurse communication with patients have consistently revealed deficits, prompting the growth of communication skills training for both junior and senior clinicians, and the publication of communication guidelines for various challenging situations. Interaction analysis systems (IAS) enable the analysis of communication between the doctor, patient, family, and other health professionals in a qualitative and quantitative fashion. They are used as descriptive and outcome measures in research into medical communication, as well as to provide feedback to individual clinicians on their behaviour. Two types of IAS can be identified: ‘content’ systems, which describe task-oriented behaviour; and ‘process’ systems, which measure socio-emotional behaviour. This chapter describes and compares a variety of IAS.
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Smart, Colette M. Wisdom Mind. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197510001.001.0001.
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Wisdom Mind is an empirically supported intervention program for older adults—those who are cognitively healthy, as well as those who may be experiencing some concerns about their thinking abilities, what we refer to as subjective cognitive decline. While mindfulness is already known to benefit a wide variety of individuals, the unique strengths of this program are the ways in which it is tailored specifically to older adults. Session content is grounded in and contextualized with the developmental concerns of older adults (e.g., cognitive slip-ups, loss and grief). Content is further grounded in a clinical-neuropsychological perspective, which incorporates both restitution (i.e., scaffolding mindfulness practices in a sequence of increasing difficulty) and compensation (e.g., strategies to promote learning and integration). The session-by-session Facilitator Guide provides detailed information on how to deliver the program, as well as the reasoning behind why certain practices and strategies are provided at different times and in different ways. In this way, even seasoned mindfulness instructors can benefit from the Guide, which provides integrative guidance on how to deliver mindfulness effectively to older adults. The companion Participant Workbook contains all of the information needed to participate in the program, including written prompts for homework and space for notetaking. A companion website provides downloadable meditation audios that facilitators and participants can access throughout the program. For facilitators who wish to record their own audios, scripts are also provided in the Guide.
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Smart, Colette M. Wisdom Mind. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197510124.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Wisdom Mind is an empirically supported intervention program for older adults—those who are cognitively healthy, as well as those who may be experiencing some concerns about their thinking abilities, what we refer to as subjective cognitive decline. While mindfulness is already known to benefit a wide variety of individuals, the unique strengths of this program are the ways in which it is tailored specifically to older adults. Session content is grounded in and contextualized with the developmental concerns of older adults (e.g., cognitive slip-ups, loss and grief). Content is further grounded in a clinical-neuropsychological perspective, which incorporates both restitution (i.e., scaffolding mindfulness practices in a sequence of increasing difficulty) and compensation (e.g., strategies to promote learning and integration). The session-by-session Facilitator Guide provides detailed information on how to deliver the program as well as the reasoning behind why certain practices and strategies are provided at different times and in different ways. In this way, even seasoned mindfulness instructors can benefit from the Facilitator Guide, which provides integrative guidance on how to deliver mindfulness effectively to older adults. The companion Participant Workbook contains all of the information needed to participate in the program, including written prompts for homework and space for notetaking. A companion website provides downloadable meditation audios that facilitators and participants can access throughout the program. For facilitators who wish to record their own audios, scripts are also provided in the Guide.
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Gugerty, Mary Kay, and Dean Karlan. The Retail Donor Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199366088.003.0015.
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This chapter teases apart the information shortfalls in the philanthropy market for individual donors. Donors that want to use the CART principles to evaluate nonprofit organizations have little information to go on to do so. Few organizations put forward genuine measures of impact. And the rating information that is out there is often misleading. Retail donors are left to sway back and forth in the wake of informal impressions, nonprofit-driven public relations, isolated tales of success, and fortuitous personal connections. The chapter argues that existing nonprofit rating systems do not address the core problem since they typically focus on transparency, overhead, or other factors that may or may not be correlated to actual program impact. ImpactMatters, co-founded by Goldilocks co-author Dean Karlan, uses the CART principles to develop “impact audits” that evaluate nonprofits’ quality of impact evidence, cost to create impact, quality of monitoring systems, and extent of learning and iteration.
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Nimmo, Graham, and Ben Shippey. Clinical skills in critical care. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0013.
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This chapter provides a framework for the learning and teaching of both technical and non-technical skills. There is a deliberate weighting towards decision-making and behavioural skills because of their prevalence in practice, the importance of delivering them reliably, and the need to increase their profile in our wards, classrooms, skills centres, and curricula. The practice of clinical intensive care requires the application of a huge range of clinical skills each of which has its own knowledge base and where each necessitates the acquisition of a technique. It is necessary to consider the application of these skills in the ‘messy’, sometimes chaotic environment of the intensive care unit where multiple critically-ill patients are simultaneously requiring individual input and at the same time relatives require support, learners need teaching, and time and attention are invested in the crucial processes of audit, quality improvement and research.
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Faksvåg Haugen, Dagny, Friedemann Nauck, and Augusto Caraceni. The core team and the extended team. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0041.
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Interdisciplinary teamwork is an inherent feature of palliative care. A team is defined as a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable. Efficient teams are characterized by good leadership, efficient communication, a strong sense of cohesion, and good decision-making and conflict resolution skills. A palliative care team usually consists of core and extended members. The team needs to be named and defined, but must also be flexible and integrate the professionals and skills needed in the individual case, as well as the patient and family members. The palliative care consult team has a unique role as the interface between palliative medicine and other medical specialties in the acute hospital, and has several levels of intervention. Every team should audit its own performance with respect to structure, processes, and outcomes.
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Martins, Linda, Ruby Nicholson, and Robert Kohn. Issues in Medicare Billing, Documentation, and Coding. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374656.003.0036.
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Practitioners working with geriatric patients need to be aware of Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services regulatory requirements, the definitions of fraud and abuse, and rules and criteria for billing and documentation. This chapter discusses these and other issues related Medicare billing, documentation, and coding. Denials for reimbursement and paybacks for audits are usually due to incomplete elements in documentation and incorrect coding. Although psychotherapy is appropriate for many elderly individuals, including those with neurocognitive disorders, it must be clear that the service is medically beneficial. A recent Department of Justice lawsuit qualifies that the patient has to have the capacity to recall what occurred in therapy from one session to the next. The changes created by DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and utilization of ICD-10 codes have had a particular impact on geriatric psychiatry. These changes in DSM-5 also have an implication in geriatric forensic psychiatry practice and are discussed in detail in the chapter.
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Stanford, James N. New England English. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190625658.001.0001.
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For nearly 400 years, New England has held an important place in the development of American English, and “New England accents” are very well known in popular imagination. But since the 1930s, no large-scale academic book project has focused specifically on New England English. While other research projects have studied dialect features in various regions of New England, this is the first large-scale scholarly project to focus solely on New England English since the Linguistic Atlas of New England. This book presents new research covering all six New England states, with detailed geographic, phonetic, and statistical analysis of data collected from over 1,600 New Englanders. The book covers the past, present, and future of New England dialect features, analyzing them with dialect maps and statistical modeling in terms of age, gender, social class, ethnicity, and other factors. The book reports on a recent large-scale data collection project that included 367 field interviews, 626 audio-recorded interviews, and 634 online written questionnaires. Using computational methods, the project processed over 200,000 individual vowels in audio recordings to examine changes in New England speech. The researchers also manually examined 30,000 instances of /r/ to investigate “r-dropping” in words like “park” and so on. The book also reviews other recent research in the area. Using acoustic phonetics, computational processing, detailed statistical analyses, dialect maps, and graphical illustrations, the book systematically documents all of the major traditional New England dialect features, other regional features, and their current usage across New England.
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Purves, Dale. Brains as Engines of Association. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880163.001.0001.
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Brains as Engines of Association seeks an operating principle of the human brain and is divided into four parts. The first part (“What Nervous Systems Do for Animals”) is intended to set the stage for understanding the emergence of neural systems as promoting what all organisms must accomplish: survival and reproduction. The second part (“Neural Systems as Engines of Association”) lays out the general argument that biological sensing systems face a daunting problem: they cannot measure the parameters of the world in the way physical instruments can. As a result, nervous systems must make and update associations (synaptic connections) on the basis of empirical success or failure over both evolutionary and individual time. The third part (“Evidence that Neural Systems Operate Empirically”) reviews evidence accumulated over the past 20 years that supports this interpretation in vision and audition, the sensory systems that have been most studied from this or any other perspective. Finally, the fourth part (“Alternative Concepts of Neural Function”) considers the pros and cons of other interpretations of how brains operate. The overarching theme is that the nervous systems of humans and every other animal operate on the basis associations between stimuli and behavior made by trial and error over species and lifetime experience.
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Fried, Andrea, ed. Understanding Deviance in a World of Standards. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833888.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Standards have become widespread regulatory tools that promote global trade, innovation, efficiency, and quality. They contribute significantly to the creation of safe, reliable, and high-quality services and technologies to ensure human health, environmental protection, or information security. Yet intentional deviations from standards by organizations are often reported in many sectors, which can either contribute to or challenge the measures of safety and quality they are designed to safeguard. Why then, despite all potential consequences, do organizations choose to deviate from standards in one way or another? This book uses structuration theory—covering aspects of both structure and agency—to explore the organizational conditions and contradictions under which different types of deviance occur. It also provides empirical explanations for deviance in organizations that go beyond an understanding of individual misbehaviour where mainly a single person is held responsible. Case studies of software developing organizations illustrate insightful generalizations on standards as a mechanism of sensemaking, resource allocation, and sanctioning, and provide ground to rethink corporate responsibility when deviating from standards in the ‘audit society’.
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Bickford, Tyler. Earbuds Are Good for Sharing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190654146.003.0003.
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This chapter presents a detailed analysis of children’s practices of sharing earbuds with friends and peers. Portable music technologies mediate face-to-face relationships among schoolchildren, and the social links they support provide an intimate environment for interaction that mostly excludes adults. These face-to-face interactions using digital audio technologies challenge theoretical perspectives from two fields. First, a prominent view of sound technologies as progressively isolating individuals from one another fails entirely to account for children’s sociable practices. Second, while approaches to portable communication technologies increasingly do privilege communication among intimates, in their focus on communication at a distance they neglect the face-to-face connections in which these devices are embedded. Technology studies are also largely unconcerned with portable music listening as “new media,” accepting the view that portable music is isolating. The opposite is true for children, for whom music devices make connections in materially and spatially grounded face-to-face relationships.
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Grant, Robert. Tumours of the brain and skull. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0624.
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Over the last 10 years, there have been several important advances in cell biology, molecular genetics, and targeted therapies in neuro-oncology. Improved neurosurgical techniques such as frameless stereotaxy, awake craniotomy, and intra-operative MRI, safer methods of directing radiotherapy, new chemotherapy approaches, and novel modalities of therapy provide optimism that there will eventually be some improvements in treatment-related morbidity and survival. There has also been an increasing change from individual clinician decision making to decision making by multidisciplinary teams of neurosurgeons, neurologists, clinical oncologists, neuropathologists, neuroradiologists, and specialist nurses with the aim of improving decision making, management planning across specialties, communication, and enrolment in suitable clinical trials. In addition, Good Clinical Practice guidelines, an international ethical and scientific quality standard for designing, conducting, recording, and reporting trials, increases the onus and responsibilities on clinical investigators to perform trials to the highest standard and to have the trials externally monitored, and the trial conduct and results audited. While these obligatory and statutory responsibilities are labour intensive and time consuming, they should improve the quality of trials by limiting the possibility of unintentional bias or fraud. Improving the recording of serious adverse event reporting through trial quality assurance and quality control procedures will help ensure that a balanced view of the effects of a drug or procedure is identified earlier than in the past. It will be interesting to see how research develops over the next decade.
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Sifuentes, Roberto, and Guillermo Gómez-Peña. Temple of Confessions: Mexican Beasts and Living Santos. powerHouse Books, 1997.
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Richardson, John, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis, eds. The Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733866.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This volume offers new ways to read the audiovisual. In the media landscapes of today, conglomerates jockey for primacy and the Internet increasingly places media in the hands of individuals-producing the range of phenomena from movie blockbuster to YouTube aesthetics. Media forms and genres are proliferating and interpenetrating, from movies, music, and other entertainments streaming on computers and iPods to video games and wireless phones. The audiovisual environment of everyday life, too-from street to stadium to classroom-would at times be hardly recognizable to the mid-twentieth-century subject. The Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics provides powerful ways to understand these changes. Earlier approaches tended to consider sound and music as secondary to image and narrative. These remained popular even as practices from theater, cinema, and television migrated across media. However, the traversal, or “remediation,” from one medium to another has also provided practitioners and audiences the chance to rewrite the rules of the audiovisual contract. Whether viewed from the vantage of televised mainstream culture, the Hollywood film industry, the cinematic avant-garde, or the participatory discourses of “cyberspace,” audiovisual expression has changed dramatically. The book provides a definitive cross-section of current ways of thinking about sound and image. Its authors-leading scholars and promising younger ones, audiovisual practitioners and nonacademic writers (both mainstream and independent)-open the discussion on audiovisual aesthetics in new directions. Our contributors come from fields including film, visual arts, new media, cultural theory, and sound and music studies, and they draw variously from economic, political, institutional, psychoanalytic, genre-based, auteurist, internationalist, reception-focused, technological, and cultural approaches to questions concerning today’s sound and image. All consider the aural dimension, and what Michel Chion calls “audio-vision:” the sensory and semiotic result of sound placed with vision, an encounter greater than their sum.
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Baobaid, Mohammed, Lynda Ashbourne, Abdallah Badahdah, and Abir Al Jamal. Home / Publications / Pre and Post Migration Stressors and Marital Relations among Arab Refugee Families in Canada Pre and Post Migration Stressors and Marital Relations among Arab Refugee Families in Canada. 2nd ed. Hamad Bin Khalifa University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/difi_9789927137983.
Full textAbstract:
The study is funded by Doha International Family Institute (DIFI), a member of Qatar Foundation, and is a collaboration between the Muslim Resource Centre for Social Support and Integration of London, Ontario; University of Guelph, Ontario; and University of Calgary, Alberta, all located in Canada; and the Doha International Family Institute, Qatar. The study received research ethics approval from the University of Guelph and the University of Calgary. This study aims to assess the impact of pre- and post-migration on marital relationships and family dynamics for Arab refugee families resettled in Canada. The study also examines the role of professional service providers in supporting these Arab refugee families. The unique experiences of Arab families displaced from their countries due to war and political conflict, and the various hardships experienced during their stay in transit countries, impact their family relations and interactions within the nuclear family context and their interconnectedness with their extended families. Furthermore, these families encounter various challenges within their resettlement process that interrupt their integration. Understanding the impact of traumatic experiences within the pre-migration journey as well as the impact of post-migration stressors on recently settled Arab refugee families in Canada provides insight into the shift in spousal and family relationships. Refugee research studies that focus on the impact of pre-migration trauma and displacement, the migration journey, and post-migration settlement on family relationships are scarce. Since the majority of global refugees in recent years come from Arab regions, mainly Syria, as a result of armed conflicts, this study is focused on the unique experiences of Arab refugee families fleeing conflict zones. The Canadian role in recently resettling a large influx of Arab refugees and assisting them to successfully integrate has not been without challenges. Traumatic pre-migration experiences as a result of being subjected to and/or witnessing violence, separation from and loss of family members, and loss of property and social status coupled with experiences of hardships in transit countries have a profound impact on families and their integration. Refugees are subjected to individual and collective traumatic experiences associated with cultural or ethnic disconnection, mental health struggles, and discrimination and racism. These experiences have been shown to impact family interactions. Arab refugee families have different definitions of “family” and “home” from Eurocentric conceptualizations which are grounded in individualistic worldviews. The discrepancy between collectivism and individualism is mainly recognized by collectivist newcomers as challenges in the areas of gender norms, expectations regarding parenting and the physical discipline of children, and diverse aspects of the family’s daily life. For this study, we interviewed 30 adults, all Arab refugees (14 Syrian and 16 Iraqi – 17 males, 13 females) residing in London, Ontario, Canada for a period of time ranging from six months to seven years. The study participants were married couples with and without children. During the semi-structured interviews, the participants were asked to reflect on their family life during pre-migration – in the country of origin before and during the war and in the transit country – and post-migration in Canada. The inter - views were conducted in Arabic, audio-recorded, and transcribed. We also conducted one focus group with seven service providers from diverse sectors in London, Ontario who work with Arab refugee families. The study used the underlying principles of constructivist grounded theory methodology to guide interviewing and a thematic analysis was performed. MAXQDA software was used to facilitate coding and the identification of key themes within the transcribed interviews. We also conducted a thematic analysis of the focus group transcription. The thematic analysis of the individual interviews identified four key themes: • Gender role changes influence spousal relationships; • Traumatic experiences bring suffering and resilience to family well-being; • Levels of marital conflict are higher following post-migration settlement; • Post-migration experiences challenge family values. The outcome of the thematic analysis of the service provider focus group identified three key themes: • The complex needs of newly arrived Arab refugee families; • Gaps in the services available to Arab refugee families; • Key aspects of training for cultural competencies. The key themes from the individual interviews demonstrate: (i) the dramatic sociocul - tural changes associated with migration that particularly emphasize different gender norms; (ii) the impact of trauma and the refugee experience itself on family relation - ships and personal well-being; (iii) the unique and complex aspects of the family journey; and (iv) how valued aspects of cultural and religious values and traditions are linked in complex ways for these Arab refugee families. These outcomes are consist - ent with previous studies. The study finds that women were strongly involved in supporting their spouses in every aspect of family life and tried to maintain their spouses’ tolerance towards stressors. The struggles of husbands to fulfill their roles as the providers and protec - tors throughout the migratory journey were evident. Some parents experienced role shifts that they understood to be due to the unstable conditions in which they were living but these changes were considered to be temporary. Despite the diversity of refugee family experiences, they shared some commonalities in how they experi - enced changes that were frightening for families, as well as some that enhanced safety and stability. These latter changes related to safety were welcomed by these fami - lies. Some of these families reported that they sought professional help, while others dealt with changes by becoming more distant in their marital relationship. The risk of violence increased as the result of trauma, integration stressors, and escalation in marital issues. These outcomes illustrate the importance of taking into consideration the complexity of the integration process in light of post-trauma and post-migration changes and the timespan each family needs to adjust and integrate. Moreover, these families expressed hope for a better future for their children and stated that they were willing to accept change for the sake of their children as well. At the same time, these parents voiced the significance of preserving their cultural and religious values and beliefs. The service providers identified gaps in service provision to refugee families in some key areas. These included the unpreparedness of professionals and insufficiency of the resources available for newcomer families from all levels of government. This was particularly relevant in the context of meeting the needs of the large influx of Syrian refugees who were resettled in Canada within the period of November 2015 to January 2017. Furthermore, language skills and addressing trauma needs were found to require more than one year to address. The service providers identified that a longer time span of government assistance for these families was necessary. In terms of training, the service providers pinpointed the value of learning more about culturally appropriate interventions and receiving professional development to enhance their work with refugee families. In light of these findings, we recommend an increased use of culturally integrative interventions and programs to provide both formal and informal support for families within their communities. Furthermore, future research that examines the impact of culturally-based training, cultural brokers, and various culturally integrative practices will contribute to understanding best practices. These findings with regard to refugee family relationships and experiences are exploratory in their nature and support future research that extends understanding in the area of spousal relationships, inter - generational stressors during adolescence, and parenting/gender role changes.