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Journal articles on the topic 'Individual analysi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

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1

Fachrudin, Fachri. "IMPLEMENTASI PENYIARAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM." Al-Mashlahah Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial 7, no. 02 (December 4, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.30868/am.v7i02.593.

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Penyiaran adalah bagian dari komunikasi, sedangkan komunikasi merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam kehidupan manusia karena segala gerak langkah kita selalu disertai dengan komunikasi. Dalam Islam, dakwah dapat diartikan sebagai proses komunikasi (tablīgh) yang dapat dilakukan secara individual maupun massal. Tulisan ini hendak menggali sejauh mana penyiaran dalam perspektif hukum Islam. Sedangkan metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Qualitative content analysi. Hasil Penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa Agama Islam sudah mengatur masalah penyiaran melalui aturan-aturan dakwah. Prinsip yang mendasar adalah informasi yang disiarkan haruslah memiliki otentisitas dan validitas sumber dan kebenarannya serta didasarkan pada nilai-nilai mashlahat yang seiring dengan maqashid al syari’at.

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Khamdamova, Sitora Bakhshilloyevna. "WILLIAM BUTLER YEA AM BUTLER YEATS` INDIVIDU S` INDIVIDUAL POETIC STYLE." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/1/16.

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Introduction. William Butler Yeats is widely considered to be one of the greatest poets of the XX century. He was one of the modern poets, who influenced his contemporaries as well as successors. He felt like a stranger in the world of technology and rationalists. A traditionalist, constantly ahead of his contemporaries, Yeats is rightfully considered one of the major poets of XX century world literature. Research methods. In this article we are intended to learn and form evolutional background of the author`s individual poetic style. Sense of moral wholeness and humanity of the prominent poet is discussed. Through analysis of his poems creative way, peculiarities of his style, and interpretation of symbols, their connection with the author's intellectual condition have been studied. While commenting on his poetry we have tried to realize his individual poetic style and the evolutional path to its formation

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3

Staykov, Dimitre, Joji B. Kuramatsu, Jürgen Bardutzky, Bastian Volbers, Stefan T. Gerner, Stephan P. Kloska, Arnd Doerfler, Stefan Schwab, and Hagen B. Huttner. "Efficacy and safety of combined intraventricular fibrinolysis with lumbar drainage for prevention of permanent shunt dependency after intracerebral hemorrhage with severe ventricular involvement: A randomized trial and individual patient data meta-analysi." Annals of Neurology 81, no. 1 (January 2017): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.24834.

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4

Sarkar, Arup Kumar. "Analysis of Individual Investors Behaviour of Stock Market." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-5 (August 31, 2017): 922–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2394.

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5

Svoboda, Toby. "Climate change, individual emissions and agent-regret." Analysis 80, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/anz062.

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Abstract Some philosophers (e.g. Walter Sinnott-Armstrong) are skeptical that individuals are morally blameworthy for their own greenhouse gas emissions. Although an individual’s emissions may contribute to climate change that is on the whole very harmful, perhaps that contribution is too trivial to render it morally impermissible. Against this view, there have been attempts (e.g. by John Nolt) to show that an individual’s lifetime emissions cause non-trivial harm, but in this paper I will consider what follows if it is true that an individual is not blameworthy for her emissions. Specifically, I ask how a non-blameworthy emitter would best regard (in a moral sense) his or her own emissions. I will argue that the appropriate attitude to adopt here is one of agent-regret. This allows us to capture the moral disvalue of one’s emissions without entailing blame for them.

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Esteves, Gabriel Perri, Paul Swinton, Craig Sale, Ruth James, Guilherme Giannini Artioli, Hamilton Roschel, Bruno Gualano, Bryan Saunders, and Eimear Dolan. "Individual Data Meta-analysis Provides No Evidence Of Individual Response Variation For Individuals Supplementing With Beta-alanine." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 53, no. 8S (August 2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000762380.76625.5b.

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Cameron, R. "Worlds and Individuals, Possible and Otherwise." Analysis 70, no. 4 (June 4, 2010): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/anq049.

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8

Cai, Jingjing, Chunyan Li, Hongsheng Li, Xiaoxiong Wang, and Yongchun Zhou. "Establishment of a ferroptosis-related gene signature for prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients." PeerJ 9 (August 6, 2021): e11931. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11931.

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Objective Lung cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and exhibits both high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, scientists have made substantial breakthroughs in the early diagnosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), however, patient prognosis still shows vast individual differences. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to identify and analyze ferroptosis-related genes to establish an effective signature for predicting prognosis in LUAD patients. Methods The gene expression profiles of LUAD patients with complete clinical and follow-up information were downloaded from two public databases, univariate Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to obtain ferroptosis-related genes for constructing the prognos tic risk model, AUC and calibration plot were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the FRGS and nomogram. Results A total of 74 ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identi fied between LUAD and normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A five-gene panel for prediction of LUAD prognosis was established by multivariate regression and was verified using the GSE68465 cohort from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Patients were divided into two different risk groups according to the median risk score of the five genes. Based on Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysi, the OS rate of the high-risk group was markedly worse than that of the low-risk group. We also found that risk score was an independent prognostic indicator. The receiver operating characteristic ROC curve showed that the proposed model had good prediction ability. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional analyses indicated that risk score was prominently enriched in ferroptosis processes. Moreover, at the score of immune-associated gene sets, significant differences were found between the two risk groups. Conclusions This study demonstrated that ferroptosis-related gene signatures can be used as a potential predictor for the prognosis of LUAD, thus providing a novel strategy for individualized treatment in LUAD patients.

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9

Lowe, E. J. "Are the natural numbers individuals or sorts?" Analysis 53, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/53.3.142.

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賴永發, 賴永發, and 林秀真 Kevin Lai. "個人地主與建商合作建房屋型態稅務解析." 月旦財稅實務釋評 19, no. 19 (July 2021): 037–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/270692572021070019005.

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Gadiparthi, Manjunath, and E. Srinivasa Reddy. "Impact of Individuals’ Engagement in Social Network-An Extensive Analysis." Webology 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 2782–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19185.

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Social Network (SN) is of avail for sharing information among individuals and communities for different purposes like sharing opinions, feelings, photos, videos and many others. Since the start of the COVID-19 epidemic and the ensuing limitations, the use of Apps on smart devices has exploded. In-line with how much time is spent on SN by a person, the manifestation of physical and mental problems are found in diverse patterns. In this review a comparative account is presented linking the time spent by individuals on social network and the patterns of the resultant health problems in course of time. Most of the earlier studies categorize the users in to various groups based on the time spent on social network. Then they describe the apparent problems that are faced, under two categories, due to the extensive time spent by the users on various social network applications. Finally, the review presents a comprehensive idea of the different analytical techniques used for finding problems faced with respect to the time spent and frequency of social network use. The results on the whole present a variegated picture as regards existence of correlation between intensity of usage and incidence of health problems.

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Choi, Young Min, and Jae Kook Park. "Analysis of Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction of Individuals with Disabilities." Journal of Special Education & Rehabilitation Science 56, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 309–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23944/jsers.2017.12.56.4.14.

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13

Lichtfouse, É. "Temporal pools of individual organic substances in soil." Analusis 27, no. 5 (June 1999): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/analusis:1999270442.

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Sahin, Mustafa, and Ozlem Kirandi. "Functional movement scanning In elite level tennis players: total score, individual analysis, and asymmetries." International Journal of Academic Research 9, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2017/9-1/b.9.

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15

Beltrame, Gabriela, and Breno Augusto Diniz Pereira. "Transformando prácticas de cooperación en rotinas individuales: un análisis de las empresas situadas en redes de cooperación." Revista científica Pensamiento y Gestión, no. 45 (July 15, 2018): 239–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/pege.45.10854.

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16

Person, A., A. M. Laurent, and Y. Le Moulle. "Measurement of individual human exposure to atmospheric pollutants (in French)." Analusis 26, no. 9 (November 1998): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/analusis:199826090048.

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17

Han, Jungkyu, and Hayato Yamana. "A study on individual mobility patterns based on individuals’ familiarity to visited areas." International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 12, no. 1 (April 4, 2016): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-01-2016-0010.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify the correlations between amount of individual’s knowledge of a specific area and his/her visit pattern to point of interest (POI, interested places) located in the area. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a visit-frequency-based familiarity estimation method that estimates individuals’ knowledge of areas in a quantitative manner. Based on the familiarity degree, individuals’ visit logs to POIs are divided into a set of groups followed by analyzing the differences among the groups from various points of view, such as user preference, POI categories/popularity, visit time/date and subsequent visits. Findings Existence of statistically significant correlations between individuals’ familiarity to areas and their visit patterns is observed by our analysis using 1.4-million POI visit logs collected from a popular location-based social network (LBSN), Foursquare. There exist different skewness of the visit time and visited POI distribution/popularity with regard to the familiarity. For instance, users go to unfamiliar areas on weekends and visit POIs for cultural experiences, such as museums. A notable point is that the correlations can be detected even in the areas in home city, which have not been known so far. Originality/value This is the first in-depth work that studies both estimation of individuals’ familiarity and correlations between the familiarity and individuals’ mobility patterns by analyzing massive LBSN data. The methodologies used and the findings of this work can be applicable not only to human mobility analysis for sociology, but also to POI recommendation system design.

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Smol’yakov, E. R. "Conflict individual-Pareto equilibria." Differential Equations 46, no. 1 (January 2010): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0012266110010155.

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Negrín, Amanda, Cristina Chinea, Manuel Hernández, and Ernesto Jesús Suárez. "Relationship between Individual and Community Resilience in Environmentally Vulnerable Populations." Ehquidad Revista Internacional de Políticas de Bienestar y Trabajo Social, no. 19 (January 15, 2022): 11–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15257/ehquidad.2023.0001.

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This research aims to analyse the relationship between Individual Resilience, as measured by the CD-RISC-10 scale (Campbell and Stein, 2007) and Community Resilience, as measured by the Index of Perceived Community Resilience (IPCR, Kulig et al., 2013), in a sample of 387 people living on the island of Bali (Indonesia). The population of this area regularly faces the consequences of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and severe floods. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the IPCR was carried out, which confirmed the multidimensional structure of Community Resilience originally proposed by its authors. Results also showed that there is a positive and moderate correlation between Individual and Community Resilience. Specifically, regression analysis showed that the three Community Resilience factors explain 32% of Individual Resilience, although Leadership followed by Community Engagement are the two factors that provide the most explanatory power.

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Kivimäki, Mika, Ritva Luukkonen, G. David Batty, Jane E. Ferrie, Jaana Pentti, Solja T. Nyberg, Martin J. Shipley, et al. "Body mass index and risk of dementia: Analysis of individual-level data from 1.3 million individuals." Alzheimer's & Dementia 14, no. 5 (November 20, 2017): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.09.016.

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YAMASHITA, Hiroshi, and Keiichi KATO. "Recovery of individual metals from gallium-arsenic-indium semiconductor wastes by flotation." Analytical Sciences 6, no. 5 (1990): 783–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.6.783.

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22

Burusheva, L., and V. Temlyakov. "Sparse approximation of individual functions." Journal of Approximation Theory 259 (November 2020): 105471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jat.2020.105471.

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23

Kunugi, Masayuki, Takeshi Nakano, and Taku Okamoto. "CONSTRUCTION OF INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION TYPE DATABASE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS." Analytical Sciences 7, Supple (1991): 1571–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.7.supple_1571.

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Goldberg, Cathy S., and Francisco A. Delgado. "Financial Integration of Emerging Markets: An Analysis of Latin America Versus South Asia Using Individual Stocks." Multinational Finance Journal 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 259–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.17578/5-4-2.

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Eram, Samira, Hossein Eskandari, Ahmad Borjali, and Mohammad Asgary. "Development and validation of individual systemic psychotherapy protocol to ego depletion in individuals with depression." Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry 9, no. 3 (May 16, 2022): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/shenakht.9.3.97.

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Introduction: Depression is a significant, growing and prevalent issue, one of the chronic disorders and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Aim: The present study aimed to develop a psychological intervention protocol based on systemic theory in depressed individuals. Method: The research method was qualitative content analysis, and the statistical population included various data sources related to the present concepts and therapies in the field of systemic theory, such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and …, within 1998 to 2020. The extracted data from these sources were analyzed; an individual systemic psychotherapy protocol was developed based on the obtained results. Then, the content validity of the protocol was determined using the opinions of eight experts in the field of clinical psychology. Sampling in this study was purposeful. The research tool included the written evidence and documents searched in the aforementioned databases, and the data analysis method was Sterling’s content analysis. Results: Therapeutic communication, questions, statements, guidelines, problem identification, problem sequence, types of constraints, and decision matrix, including planning frameworks at different levels, feedback, and feedforward, formed the primary themes of the individual systemic psychotherapy. The content of psychotherapy protocol sessions was adjusted based on the obtained components in 12 weekly sessions. Conclusion: The individual systemic psychotherapy protocol is a comprehensive psychological treatment that includes multiple factors affecting the individual’s system and is valid and efficient. It is recommended to use this protocol for individuals with depression.

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Ytterstad, Elinor. "Frailty in Survival Analysis of Widowhood Mortality." Journal of Probability and Statistics 2018 (October 2, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2378798.

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Heterogeneity between individuals has attracted attention in the literature of survival analysis for several decades. Widowed individuals also differ; some are more frail than others and thereby have a higher risk of dying. The traditional hazard rate in a survival model is a measure of population risk and does not provide direct information on the unobservable individual risk. A frailty model is developed and applied on a large Norwegian data set of 452 788 widowed individuals. The model seemed to fit the data well, for both widowers and widows in all age groups. The random frailty term in the model is significant, meaning that widowed persons may have individual hazard rates.

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LIU, GUO-LIN, MASANORI OWARI, YOSHIMASA NIHEI, HARUHIKO YAMADA, HIDEYUKI YAMAMOTO, and SHUICHI SUZUKI. "SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF AIRBORNE SUSPENDED PARTICULATES BY INDIVIDUAL PARTICLE ANALYSIS." Analytical Sciences 7, Supple (1991): 1037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.7.supple_1037.

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GRIEKEN, R. VAN, C. XHOFFER, L. WOUTERS, and P. ARTAXO. "MICRO-ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIVIDUAL ENVIRONMENTAL PARTICLES." Analytical Sciences 7, Supple (1991): 1117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.7.supple_1117.

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Sato-Ilic, Mika. "Individual Compositional Cluster Analysis." Procedia Computer Science 95 (2016): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.330.

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Kirk, Marcus P., David A. Reppenhagen, and Jennifer Wu Tucker. "Meeting Individual Analyst Expectations." Accounting Review 89, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 2203–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50828.

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ABSTRACT The expectations management literature has so far focused on firms meeting the analyst consensus forecast—the expectations of analysts as a group—at earnings announcements. In this study we argue that investors may use individual analyst forecasts as additional benchmarks in evaluating reported earnings because the consensus forecast underutilizes private information contained in individual analyst forecasts. We predict that measures reflecting such private information have incremental explanatory power over the consensus forecast for the market's reaction to earnings news. We find results consistent with this prediction by examining two measures: (1) the percentage of individual forecasts met and (2) meeting the key analyst forecast. We extend the literature by documenting the role of individual analyst forecasts in investors' evaluations of reported earnings. JEL Classifications: G10; G11; G17; G14; G24. Data Availability: Data are publicly available from the sources identified in the paper.

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Yangdol, Rigzin, and Mandira Sarma. "Demand-side Factors for Financial Inclusion: A Cross-country Empirical Analysis." International Studies 56, no. 2-3 (April 2019): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881719849246.

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The importance of an inclusive financial system in the overall growth and economic development of a nation is well recognized. While most studies on financial inclusion use supply-side data, this article presents a demand-side analysis of factors associated with financial inclusion. Making use of a large cross-country data on financial inclusion status and individual characteristics of adult individuals, we econometrically establish that individual characteristics and economic circumstances play very significant role in determining financial inclusion of adult individuals, after taking into account other factors of the country. The article uses three indicators of financial inclusion and several explanatory variables such as country-specific factor (gross domestic product [GDP] per capita), individual characteristics and individual economic circumstances of adult individuals from different countries. We find that in general, being woman, less educated, jobless and poor are negatively associated with financial inclusion of individuals. Enhanced level of education and income, in general, enhances likelihood of financial inclusion. These findings should be taken into account while formulating policies towards promotion of financial inclusion.

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Tandogan, Mustafa. "Career Planning And Management In Businesses." International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijntss.v2i2.3818.

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In parallel with rapidly changing world, in self renewing business life, individuals have to determine their own career path properly and the organisations have to choose up the employees who will make them superior, provide the added value and make progress consistently. This necessity caused career management to be appeared. Thus, individual organisation integration was supplied bringing need based targets into conformity with the organisationsâ€™ future goals. At this stage with career planning, both individuals have to determine their own goals and the organisation also has to analyse to what extent it can provide these requirements. A well organised career planning carries weight in the terms of supplying prudential productivity. Thereby, the sustainability of career management and planning is possible with a career development system. Career development is a process which contains to provide the facilities of improving the personnelâ€™s knowledge, skills and talents. Thus, it becomes not only the individualâ€™s but also the organisations success. Keywords: organised, individual, organisation, individual, organisation

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FUJIWARA, Shizuo. "Challenge of state analysis: Identification of solutes in solution as individual entities or assemblies." Analytical Sciences 1, no. 4 (1985): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.1.306.

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Veillerot, M., N. Locoge, J. C. Galloo, and R. Guillermo. "Multidimensional capillary gas chromatography for the monitoring of individual non-methane hydrocarbons in air." Analusis 26, no. 9 (November 1998): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/analusis:199826090038.

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35

CURIS, Cecilia. "INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL HARMONY THROUGH EMPATHY." International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on the Dialogue between Sciences & Arts, Religion & Education 4, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26520/mcdsare.2020.4.168-173.

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Empathy, a concept that involves an interpersonal experience is found in all aspects of the social universe, especially in prosocial behavior, morality and regulation of aggression. In the context of the major medical and social crisis caused by the pandemic, the need to develop empathic social skills becomes a pressing need. Anxiety generated by the threat of disease and death has led to the emergence of paradoxical individual or social behaviors. Thus, by disturbing the cognitive harmony of the individual - irrational thoughts in relation to contamination and illness or on the contrary the denial of the disease was destructured emotional harmony (anxiety, depression, psychosomatic manifestations) with adverse consequences at the individual and subsequent social level. The objective manifestation of disharmonious cognitions and emotions materialized in the manifestation of maladaptive behaviors. The present paper is an analysis of the two theories on empathy - Simulation Theory and Mind Theory in order to improve prosocial behavior in a pandemic context. Studies show the significant influences of social and cultural factors on the empathic capacity of the individual. In this sense, it is important to emphasize that empathic skills can be learned and developed in relation to the environment and the social context. Understanding the concept of social empathy is important by being able to provide a model of thinking and action that opens new ways of contextual approach to the current situation that could ultimately lead to alleviating the crisis and improving social conditions by adopting an adaptive behavior in according to the limits imposed by the new epidemiological situation.

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Aquinas, Dr Paul G., and Dr Theresa L. Mendonca. "Career Dynamics: Matching Individual and Organizational Needs – A Conceptual Analysis of Work-Life Balance of (Women) Employees." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 5 (June 15, 2012): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/may2014/50.

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Kashima, Yukie, Keiya Kaneko, Patrick Reteng, Nina Yoshitake, Lucky Ronald Runtuwene, Satoi Nagasawa, Masaya Onishi, et al. "Intensive single-cell analysis reveals immune-cell diversity among healthy individuals." Life Science Alliance 5, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): e202201398. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202201398.

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Immune responses are different between individuals and personal health histories and unique environmental conditions should collectively determine the present state of immune cells. However, the molecular systems underlying such heterogeneity remain elusive. Here, we conducted a systematic time-lapse single-cell analysis, using 171 single-cell libraries and 30 mass cytometry datasets intensively for seven healthy individuals. We found substantial diversity in immune-cell profiles between different individuals. These patterns showed daily fluctuations even within the same individual. Similar diversities were also observed for the T-cell and B-cell receptor repertoires. Detailed immune-cell profiles at healthy statuses should give essential background information to understand their immune responses, when the individual is exposed to various environmental conditions. To demonstrate this idea, we conducted the similar analysis for the same individuals on the vaccination of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. In fact, we detected distinct responses to vaccines between individuals, although key responses are common. Single-cell immune-cell profile data should make fundamental data resource to understand variable immune responses, which are unique to each individual.

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Escolano-Pérez, Elena, and Angel Blanco-Villaseñor. "Diseños de observación longitudinales: cambio intra-individual y diferencias inter-individuales observados durante la infancia." Anales de Psicología 31, no. 2 (April 25, 2015): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.2.166361.

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<p>The study of change in repeated measures studies or longitudinal studies (cross-sectional and/or cross-sequential) is of considerable interest in the field of developmental psychology. Qualitative and quantitative measures of interindividual and intraindividual variability can be used to capture changes in cognitive development.</p><p>In the present study, through an empirical analysis of infant cognitive development, we investigate whether or not longitudinal (cross-sectional/cross-sequential) research designs can be used interchangeably with univariate or multivariate data analysis techniques. Methodologically, longitudinal data can be processed by univariate or multivariate analysis. However, the results and their interpretation may be different, even when the necessary statistical requirements are performed. Current statistical programs incorporate techniques to test for the presence of significant differences in data, regardless of whether these are evaluated by univariate or multivariate analysis.</p>The results of this study, conducted in infants studied at three time points (18, 21 and 24 months), show that both intraindividual and interindividual variability can be detected by repeated measures analyses.

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Sippl-Swezey, Nicolas, Wayne T. Enanoria, and Travis C. Porco. "Conflicts of Interest during Contact Investigations: A Game-Theoretic Analysis." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/952381.

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The goal of contact tracing is to reduce the likelihood of transmission, particularly to individuals who are at greatest risk for developing complications of infection, as well as identifying individuals who are in need of medical treatment of other interventions. In this paper, we develop a simple mathematical model of contact investigations among a small group of individuals and apply game theory to explore conflicts of interest that may arise in the context of perceived costs of disclosure. Using analytic Kolmogorov equations, we determine whether or not it is possible for individual incentives to drive noncooperation, even though cooperation would yield a better group outcome. We found that if all individuals have a cost of disclosure, then the optimal individual decision is to simply not disclose each other. With further analysis of (1) completely offsetting the costs of disclosure and (2) partially offsetting the costs of disclosure, we found that all individuals disclose all contacts, resulting in a smaller basic reproductive number and an alignment of individual and group optimality. More data are needed to understand decision making during outbreak investigations and what the real and perceived costs are.

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Alboth, Dirk. "Individual Asymptotics ofC0-Semigroups: Lower Bounds and Small Solutions." Journal of Differential Equations 143, no. 2 (March 1998): 221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jdeq.1997.3354.

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41

Ahn, Jungwon, Soonmook Lee, Hyunjoo Jung, and Hoeyeong Lee. "Multigroup analysis in the context of multilevel analysis to judge if a referent-shift model is needed for measurement of composition emergence." Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 32, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v32i1.29-53.

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This study demonstrates how a multigroup analysis approach is used in the analysis of multilevel data to judge if a referent-shift consensus model is needed to measure a compositional property. A compositional property in multilevel context means that the forms of emergence from individual levels to group levels are isomorphic as individuals interact, communicate perspectives, and iteratively construct a common interpretation, so that all individuals in the collective are similar. The measurement principle for conceptualization of multilevel compositional properties is to use a referent-shift consensus model proposed by Chan(1998). However, if the researcher wants to use the samel construct in individual levels as well as in group levels, she needs to administer the same items to the same individuals again with a change of reference from “group” to “ individual”. It sounds bothersome and creates difficulties in reality. For that reason, researchers often collect data from individuals using self-referenced items, aggregate, and then use the aggregate scores as measures of group level variables. However in these cases, measurement invariance is tacitly assumed across the individual and group levels. We pointed out the problems of this unjustified assumption in analyses of multilevel data, and presented an analytic procedure to test the assumption using multigroup analysis framework. In sum, if measurement invariance across levels is established, researchers can use either a self-referent or a referent-shift data at individual levels and aggregate data at group levels without dual measurement. Moreover, in such a case, using a referent-shift data(‘we’ data) is more appropriate in light of construct validity because of its higher possibility to reveal group effects. If the measurement invariance across levels is not supported, researchers should collect data separately for individual level variables with a self-reference items and for group level variables with group-referenced items.

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Efendiev, Y., L. Jiang, and A. Pankov. "Individual homogenization of nonlinear parabolic operators." Applicable Analysis 85, no. 12 (December 2006): 1433–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036810601066210.

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SUENAGA, Emi, and Hiroshi NAKAMURA. "Rapid Individual Identification by Minisatellite Variant Repeat (MVR)-PCR at D1S8 Locus Using "Exponential Law"." Analytical Sciences 20, no. 12 (2004): 1629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.20.1629.

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KANECO, Satoshi, Tsutomu NOMIZU, Tomokazu TANAKA, Naoto MIZUTANI, and Hiroshi KAWAGUCHI. "Optimization of Operating Conditions in Individual Airborne Particle Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry." Analytical Sciences 11, no. 5 (1995): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.11.835.

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45

Skiles, Alexander. "There is no haecceitic Euthyphro problem." Analysis 79, no. 3 (September 19, 2018): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/any061.

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Abstract Jason Bowers and Meg Wallace (‘The Haecceitic Euthyphro Problem’, Analysis, 2018) have recently argued that those who hold that every individual instantiates a ‘haecceity’ (or ‘individual essence’) are caught up in a Euthyphro-style dilemma when confronted with familiar cases of fission and fusion. Key to Bowers and Wallace’s dilemma are certain assumptions about the nature of metaphysical explanation and the explanatory commitments of belief in haecceities. However, I argue that the dilemma only arises due to a failure to distinguish between providing a metaphysical explanation of why a fact holds vs. a metaphysical explanation of what it is for a fact to hold. In the process, I also shed light on the explanatory commitments of belief in haecceities.

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Anderson, Peter J., Debora Marques de Miranda, Maicon Rodrigues Albuquerque, Marit Sæbø Indredavik, Kari Anne I. Evensen, Ryan Van Lieshout, Saroj Saigal, et al. "Psychiatric disorders in individuals born very preterm / very low-birth weight: An individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis." eClinicalMedicine 42 (December 2021): 101216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101216.

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Esteves, Gabriel Perri, Paul Swinton, Craig Sale, Ruth M. James, Guilherme Giannini Artioli, Hamilton Roschel, Bruno Gualano, Bryan Saunders, and Eimear Dolan. "Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Provides No Evidence of Intervention Response Variation in Individuals Supplementing With Beta-Alanine." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 31, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0038.

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Currently, little is known about the extent of interindividual variability in response to beta-alanine (BA) supplementation, nor what proportion of said variability can be attributed to external factors or to the intervention itself (intervention response). To investigate this, individual participant data on the effect of BA supplementation on a high-intensity cycling capacity test (CCT110%) were meta-analyzed. Changes in time to exhaustion (TTE) and muscle carnosine were the primary and secondary outcomes. Multilevel distributional Bayesian models were used to estimate the mean and SD of BA and placebo group change scores. The relative sizes of group SDs were used to infer whether observed variation in change scores were due to intervention or non-intervention-related effects. Six eligible studies were identified, and individual data were obtained from four of these. Analyses showed a group effect of BA supplementation on TTE (7.7, 95% credible interval [CrI] [1.3, 14.3] s) and muscle carnosine (18.1, 95% CrI [14.5, 21.9] mmol/kg DM). A large intervention response variation was identified for muscle carnosine (σIR = 5.8, 95% CrI [4.2, 7.4] mmol/kg DM) while equivalent change score SDs were shown for TTE in both the placebo (16.1, 95% CrI [13.0, 21.3] s) and BA (15.9, 95% CrI [13.0, 20.0] s) conditions, with the probability that SD was greater in placebo being 0.64. In conclusion, the similarity in observed change score SDs between groups for TTE indicates the source of variation is common to both groups, and therefore unrelated to the supplement itself, likely originating instead from external factors such as nutritional intake, sleep patterns, or training status.

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Olchanski, Natalia, David van Klaveren, Joshua T. Cohen, John B. Wong, Robin Ruthazer, and David M. Kent. "3385 TARGETING DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAMS: INDIVIDUAL RISK-BASED HEALTH ECONOMIC ANALYSIS." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.356.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Objective: Approximately 86 million people in the US have prediabetes, but only a fraction of them receive proven effective therapies to prevent diabetes. Further, the effectiveness of these therapies varies with individual risk of progression to diabetes. We estimated the value of targeting those individuals at highest diabetes risk for treatment, compared to treating all individuals meeting inclusion criteria for the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: METHODS: Using a micro-simulation model, we estimated total lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) for individuals receiving: (1) lifestyle intervention involving an intensive program focused on healthy diet and exercise, (2) metformin administration, or (3) no intervention. The model combines several components. First a Cox proportional hazards model predicted onset of diabetes from baseline characteristics for each pre-diabetic individual and yielded a probability distribution for each alternative. We derived this risk model from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) clinical trial data and the follow-up study DPP-OS. The Michigan Diabetes Research Center Model for Diabetes then estimated costs and outcomes for individuals after diabetes diagnosis using standard of care diabetes treatment. Based on individual costs and QALE, we evaluated NMB of the two interventions at population and individual levels, stratified by risk quintiles for diabetes onset at 3 years. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results: Compared to usual care, lifestyle modification conferred positive benefits for all eligible individuals. Metformin’s NMB was negative for the lowest population risk quintile. By avoiding use among individuals who would not benefit, targeted administration of metformin conferred a benefit of $500-$800 per person, depending on duration of treatment effect. When treating only 20% of the population (e.g., due to capacity constraints), targeting conferred a NMB of $14,000-$18,000 per person for lifestyle modification and $16,000-$20,000 for metformin. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Conclusions: Metformin confers value only among higher risk individuals, so targeting its use is worthwhile. While lifestyle modification confers value for all eligible individuals, prioritizing the intervention to high risk patients when capacity is constrained substantially increases societal benefits.

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Grumbkow, Philipp V., Anna Zipp, Birgit Großkopf, Kai Fueldner, and Susanne Hummel. "Analyses to help identify individuals from a historical mass grave in Kassel, Germany." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 69, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0003-5548/2011/0140.

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Steel, D. G., M. Tranmer, and D. Holt. "Unravelling ecological analysis." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 2006 (February 28, 2006): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jamds/2006/38358.

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Ecological analysis involves analysing aggregate data for groups of individuals to make inferences about relationships at the individual level. Often the results of such analyses give badly biased estimates. This paper will consider the sources of bias in linear regression analysis using aggregate data. The role of variation of the individual level relationships between groups and the consequent within-group correlations and how these are related to auxiliary variables that characterise the differences between groups is considered. A method of adjusting ecological regression for the effects of auxiliary variables is described and evaluated using data from the 1991 Australian Census.

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