Journal articles on the topic 'Individual adoption decisions'
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Encaoua, Michel, and Moreaux. "Network Compatibility: Joint Adoption versus Individual Decisions." Annales d'Économie et de Statistique, no. 25/26 (1992): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20075856.
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Fu, Jiawei Sophia, Michelle Shumate, and Noshir Contractor. "Organizational and Individual Innovation Decisions in an Interorganizational System: Social Influence and Decision-Making Authority." Journal of Communication 70, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 497–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaa018.
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Abstract This study examines the processes of complex innovation adoption in an interorganizational system. It distinguishes the innovation adoption mechanisms of organizational-decision-makers (ODMs), who make authority adoption decisions on behalf of an organization, from individual-decision-makers (IDMs), who make optional innovation decisions in their own work practice. Drawing on the Theory of Reasoned Action and Social Information Processing Theory, we propose and test a theoretical model of interorganizational social influence. We surveyed government health-care workers, whose advice networks mostly span organizational boundaries, across 1,849 state health agencies in Bihar, India. The collective attitudes of coworkers and advice network members influence health-care workers’ attitudes and perceptions of social norms toward four types of innovations. However, individuals’ decision-making authority moderates these relationships; advisors’ attitudes have a greater influence on ODMs, while perceptions of social norms only influence IDMs. Notably, heterogeneity of advisors’ and coworkers’ attitudes negatively influence IDMs’ evaluations of innovations but not ODMs’.
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Hayes, Kathryn J., Kathy Eljiz, Ann Dadich, Janna-Anneke Fitzgerald, and Terry Sloan. "Trialability, observability and risk reduction accelerating individual innovation adoption decisions." Journal of Health Organization and Management 29, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-08-2013-0171.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a retrospective analysis of computer simulation’s role in accelerating individual innovation adoption decisions. The process innovation examined is Lean Systems Thinking, and the organizational context is the imaging department of an Australian public hospital. Design/methodology/approach – Intrinsic case study methods including observation, interviews with radiology and emergency personnel about scheduling procedures, mapping patient appointment processes and document analysis were used over three years and then complemented with retrospective interviews with key hospital staff. The multiple data sources and methods were combined in a pragmatic and reflexive manner to explore an extreme case that provides potential to act as an instructive template for effective change. Findings – Computer simulation of process change ideas offered by staff to improve patient-flow accelerated the adoption of the process changes, largely because animated computer simulation permitted experimentation (trialability), provided observable predictions of change results (observability) and minimized perceived risk. Research limitations/implications – The difficulty of making accurate comparisons between time periods in a health care setting is acknowledged. Practical implications – This work has implications for policy, practice and theory, particularly for inducing the rapid diffusion of process innovations to address challenges facing health service organizations and national health systems. Originality/value – The research demonstrates the value of animated computer simulation in presenting the need for change, identifying options, and predicting change outcomes and is the first work to indicate the importance of trialability, observability and risk reduction in individual adoption decisions in health services.
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Toft, Monica Duffy, and David P. McIntyre. "Adoption as an issue of local justice." European Journal of Sociology 33, no. 1 (June 1992): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600006378.
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The focus of this paper is adoption, specifically adoption as an issue of local justice. Local justice, as conceived by Jon Elster, is a way of thinking about how scarce goods and burdens are allocated by local, low-level institutions; and encompasses such issues as military service, college admission, organs for transplantation, donation of sperm, child custody, and adoption. There are three principle elements to local justice: scarce goods, institutions that allocate them, and the individuals who step forward as allocative candidates. Over time, the individual will bring his or her needs before a succession of institutional providers, while the institutions will find before them a succession of individuals who need, want, or merit the scarce good being allocated. In many instances, such as the allocation of organs for transplantation, allocation may be a matter of life or death; while in other instances, the consequences of not receiving the good may not be life threatening, but nonetheless affect an individual's future life plans (e.g. admittance into Harvard). Thus allocative decisions can be evaluated according to their importance along two different axes. The first contains decisions which are ‘important’ because they involve life and death outcomes, such as the allocation of kidneys, while other decisions are ‘important’ not because they carry with them life-and-death outcomes, but because they influence the lives of a vast number of individuals. Selection choices for college admission are among this latter type of important decision.
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Peddi, Dayakar, and Kavi Kumar KS. "Adoption of Soil Conservation Measures." Ecology, Economy and Society–the INSEE Journal 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.37773/ees.v4i2.273.
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Land degradation resulting from soil erosion is a major problem in rain-fed agricultural areas in India. This study analyses the key determinants of farmers’ decisions to adopt on-farm soil and water conservation (SWC) measures in the rain-fed watershed areas of Siddipet district in Telangana. Here, SWC measures have been undertaken by the government and NGOs at the sub-watershed/community level and by individual farmers at the farm level. The study is based on a primary survey of over 400 farmers conducted in January–March 2018. In addition to estimating the influence of biophysical and market access variables on farmers’ decisions to undertake SWC practices, the study includes a logistic model that found a complementarity between community and individual plot-level interventions to improve soil health. The findings also highlight the influence of conservation measures practised in the neighbourhood on farmers’ decisions to implement SWC measures.
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Wang, Jinxia, Henning Bjornlund, K. K. Klein, Lijuan Zhang, and Wencui Zhang. "Factors that Influence the Rate and Intensity of Adoption of Improved Irrigation Technologies in Alberta, Canada." Water Economics and Policy 02, no. 03 (September 2016): 1650026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x16500260.
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Despite the importance of adopting improved irrigation technologies to increase on-farm irrigation efficiency, our understanding of what determines farmers’ adoption decisions in southern Alberta remains relatively poor. The overall goals of this study are to examine the extent of adoption (proportion of all irrigators that have started the adoption process), how far along they are in the adoption process, and the intensity of adoption (percentage of irrigated land on which the technology is adopted) of improved irrigation technologies in southern Alberta, and to assess the major factors that influenced farmers’ adoption decisions. The data were collected in a farm-household survey conducted in the 12 largest irrigation districts (IDs) as well as among private irrigators in southern Alberta. Results show that adoption of improved irrigation technologies is widespread at various levels of intensity. By 2011, 81.3% of farmers had started the adoption process, are now using some kind of improved technology to apply water to their crops, and used it on 76.8% of all irrigated land. The most commonly used irrigation technology is a low pressure center pivot system. Receiving support services following the adoption decision played an important role in increasing the intensity of adoption. Obtaining information on irrigation technologies from individual farmers or farmers’ associations, and extension agencies significantly influenced farmers’ decisions to adopt. Farmers who increased their social capital through attending meetings related to agricultural production practices were more likely to adopt while farmers who participated in recreational or social organizations were less likely to adopt. Finally, the extent and intensity of adoption are higher for those with corporate farm structure, larger families, more generations of ownership and higher education.
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Samuelson, Olle, and Bo-Christer Björk. "ADOPTION PROCESSES FOR EDM, EDI AND BIM TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 19, Supplement_1 (January 9, 2014): S172—S187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.801888.
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Three strategically important uses of IT in the construction industry are management of project documents on webservers (EDM), electronic handling of orders and invoices between companies (EDI) and use of 3D models including non-geometrical attributes for integrated design and construction (BIM). The purpose of this work is to study factors that affect the decisions to implement these techniques as well as the actual adoption process. In a longitudinal survey study in the Swedish Construction Industry, the extent of use of these techniques was measured in 1998, 2000 and 2007. This paper presents a follow-up to the quantitative studies, where semi-structured interviews have been used, in a qualitative approach. The theoretical basis for the studies was informed by frameworks from IT-adoption theory. The results showed that decisions to implement these technologies are made on three different levels: individual level, company organizational level, and project organizational level. Different patterns in adoption can be explained by where decisions are mainly taken. EDM is driven from the project level, EDI mainly from the company level, and BIM is driven by individuals. The study points out that decision for implementing BIM should be taken on a higher strategic level in order to deliver intended benefits.
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Chen, Xiaogang, Shu Li, Libo Su, and Ting Huang. "Why do micro and small merchants use mobile payment systems? A grounded theory study in China." Nankai Business Review International 12, no. 2 (August 20, 2021): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-11-2020-0061.
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Purpose This study aims to reveal the decision-making process that micro and small merchants (MSMs) may go through when deciding on the mobile payment system (MPS) adoption and usage and explore how relevant factors may impact this process. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the grounded theory approach. Specifically, this paper conducts individual, semi-structured interviews with MSMs in China. Each interview was focused on an MSM’s decisions on initial adoption and continued use of MPSs. The paper then coded the interviews to derive conceptual categories and integrated the categories to form a cohesive framework to explain how MSMs make decisions on MPS adoption and usage. Findings MSMs make decisions on MPS adoption and usage in three phases: first, due to variations in social and economic surroundings, some merchants develop intentions to adopt MPSs, whereas others do not. Second, merchants developing adoption intentions in phase one have to select which MPS brands to adopt and then begin using them. The brand value affects their selection. Finally, the use of MPSs of their initial choice has consequences for business operations. Merchants with different levels of personal innovativeness evaluate the consequences differently. Satisfied merchants continue using the initial MPSs, while dissatisfied merchants switch to other brands. Originality/value The findings first give a more complete depiction of how MSMs make MPS adoption and usage decisions; second show that MSMs’ MPS adoption intention is solely influenced by pro-mobile-payment surroundings and explain what constitutes pro-mobile-payment surroundings and through what mechanisms the surroundings influence adoption intentions; third reveals that selecting which MPS brand to adopt is an important decision phase; fourth explain both why merchants may continue using MPSs and why they may switch from one MPS brand to another.
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Talukder, Majharul. "Causal paths to acceptance of technological innovations by individual employees." Business Process Management Journal 25, no. 4 (July 3, 2019): 582–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-06-2016-0123.
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Purpose Despite much research on organizations’ adoption of innovation, little is currently known about individual employees have gone about it. The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the determinants that address individual employees’ decisions concerning innovation in the workplace. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 272 employees from a tertiary education institution in Australia using a structured instrument. Findings Results from the structural equation modeling analysis indicate that enjoyment and motivation impact significantly on attitudes to an innovation, which, in turn, affects how employees behave toward it. Practical implications Furthermore, organizational patronage, innovativeness and self-image have been found to influence the innovation adoption process. These findings have implications for the effective management and implementation of an innovation at the individual level. Originality/value Although innovation adoption has been studied extensively, drivers of adoption and research on individual innovation acceptance remain limited. Designing an effective approach for increasing end-user acceptance and subsequent use of innovation continues to be a fundamental challenge. The current literature indicates that we know relatively little about the ways in which individuals adopt and the factors that influence individual adoption of innovation. This study is designed to fill that gap. The identification of the factors is important to create a work environment that is conducive to individual adoption of innovation and thereby gain the expected benefits from the innovation.
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Weekes, Arlene. "The biographic and professional influences on adoption and fostering panel members’ recommendation-making." Adoption & Fostering 45, no. 4 (December 2021): 382–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03085759211058359.
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In the UK, decisions to approve adoptive parents and foster carers and authorise adoptions rest with specialist panels. While their formal role and function are clear, there is concern that their composition and the biographies and background characteristics of members could introduce bias and influence the decisions made. This article examines the validity of these criticisms with findings from a study of eight agencies, 15 panels and 22 members. It was found that the panel system achieves its aims in terms of having a representative constitution and providing considered recommendations in a timely manner to senior managers, but that individual biography affects panel members in carrying out their role to an unexpectedly high degree, possibly leading to flawed decisions. Actions to remedy this problem, at both an individual and group level, are suggested.
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Nicolskaya, G. K. "The American model for the implementation of immigration policy in the XXI century." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 7 (July 5, 2022): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2207-05.
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The article focuses upon the decision-making mechanism in the fi eld of immigration policy in the United States. The author notes the extreme politicization of the problem of immigration. Conflicts and rivalry between the president and Congress, conflicting interests of individual states hinder the adoption legislation decisions.
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Helland, Hege Stein. "In the Best Interest of the Child? Justifying Decisions on Adoption from Care in the Norwegian Supreme Court." International Journal of Children’s Rights 29, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 609–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-29030004.
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Abstract By utilising theories of deliberation and rational argumentation, this article critically analyses the Norwegian Supreme Court’s best interest decisions in four judgments on adoption from care. How does the Supreme Court reason their decisions and are the decisions rational? The findings show that the decisions are reasoned similarly, and conclusions are guided by norms of biology, vulnerability and stability for the child. However, discretion is applied differently across decisions, and the reasoning and balancing of individual arguments vary. The critical evaluation displays weaknesses in all judgments: one important blind spot is the failure to include the child’s views in the decision-making process. The development in terms of delivering rational, well-reasoned and thorough judgments is nonetheless positive. Furthermore, the Supreme Court’s recognition and protection of the child’s de facto family situation correspond to observed developments in the European Court of Human Rights as well as in national state policy on adoption.
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Manning, Karen, Lily Wong, and Arthur Tatnall. "Aspects of e-Learning in a University." International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 2, no. 4 (October 2010): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jantti.2010100105.
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Most universities make use of e-learning facilities to manage and deliver on-line learning. Many universities have adopted an approach to teaching and the delivery of course content that combines traditional face-to-face delivery with online teaching resources: a blended learning approach. Many factors act to determine how online learning is adopted, accepted, and the balance between online and face-to-face delivery is formed. In this paper, the authors suggest that educational technology adoption decisions are made at three levels: strategic decisions are made by the university to implement a particular package, and then individual academics made adoption decisions regarding those aspects of the package they will use in their teaching and how they will use them. They also make a decision on the balance they will have between on-line and face-to-face teaching. This article questions how decisions are made to adopt one e-learning package rather than another. The authors then examine how individual academics relate to this technology once it is adopted and make use of it to deliver some or all of their teaching and determine the appropriate blend.
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Sadoughi, Farahnaz, Omar Ali, and Leila Erfannia. "Evaluating the factors that influence cloud technology adoption—comparative case analysis of health and non-health sectors: A systematic review." Health Informatics Journal 26, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 1363–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458219879340.
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Cloud technology has brought great benefits to the health industry, including enabling improvement in the quality of services. The objective of this review study is to investigate the reported factors affecting the adoption of cloud in the health sector by comparing studies in the health and non-health sectors. This article is a systematized review of studies conducted in 2018. From 541 articles, 47 final articles were selected and classified into two categories: health and non-health studies; conclusions were drawn from the two sectors by comparing their effective factors. Based on the results of this review, the factors were categorized as technological, organizational, environmental, and individual. The results of this review study could be a beneficial guide to the health empirical research on cloud adoption. Individual domains have not been examined in health sector studies. Since the process of adoption of new technologies in organizations is time-consuming, due to the lack of managerial knowledge about the efficient factors, recognition of these factors by decision-makers while planning for cloud adoption becomes of great importance. The findings of this review study aim to help health decision-makers by increasing their awareness of the cloud and of the factors that impact decisions at both the organizational and individual levels.
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Tortorella, Guilherme, Rogério Miorando, Marcelo Meiriño, and Rapinder Sawhney. "Managing practitioners’ experience and generational differences for adopting lean production principles." TQM Journal 31, no. 5 (October 10, 2019): 758–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-02-2019-0041.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of practitioners’ experience and generational differences on the adoption level of lean production (LP) principles in their daily decisions and behaviors. Design/methodology/approach The authors carried out a cross-sector survey with 135 practitioners from different Brazilian manufacturers that have been implementing LP for at least five years. Collected data were analyzed based on multivariate techniques. Findings The results show how different combinations between practitioners’ LP experience and generational characteristics may entail a higher likelihood of adopting LP principles. While members from generation X do not seem to be associated with the adoption of LP principles, the ones from generations Y and Z are differently related with LP based upon their experience levels. Originality/value The understanding of individual differences for adopting LP principles allows the establishment of proper expectations with respect to each practitioner’s openness to change. Studies that address the adoption level of LP principles based on certain individual characteristics, such as practitioners’ experience with lean implementation and their generational values and beliefs, are scarce in the literature.
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Goetz, Gregor, Dimitra Panteli, Reinhard Busse, and Claudia Wild. "PP112 Reimbursement Decisions for Medical Services in Austria: An Analysis of Influencing Factors for the Hospital Individual Services Catalogue." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 38, S1 (December 2022): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462322002355.
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IntroductionThis study aims to (i) describe the (evidence-based) reimbursement process of hospital individual services, (ii) evaluate the accordance between evidence-based recommendations and reimbursement decision of individual services and (iii) elaborate potential aspects that play a role in the decision-making process in Austria.MethodsThe reimbursement process is described based on selected relevant sources such as official documents. Evidence-based recommendations and subsequent reimbursement decisions for the annual maintenance of the hospital individual service catalogue in Austria between 2008 and 2020 were analyzed using a mixed methods approach, encompassing descriptive statistics and a focus group with Austrian decisionmakers.ResultsOne hundred and eighteen evidence-based recommendations were analyzed. There were 93 (78.8%) negative and 25 (21.2%) positive evidence-based recommendations. In total, 107 out of 118 evidence-based recommendations (90.1%) did not lead to a deviating reimbursement decision. We identified six aspects that may have played a role in the decision-making process for the annual maintenance of the hospital individual service catalogue, with clinical evidence being the most notable. Further aspects included quality assurance/organizational aspects (i.e., structural quality assurance), costs (if comparable to already existing medical services, not: cost-effectiveness), procedural aspects (e.g., if certain criteria for adoption have not been met formally through the proposals), “other countries” (i.e., taking into account how other countries decided) and situational aspects (such as the COVID-19 pandemic).ConclusionsThere is good accordance between evidence-based recommendations and reimbursement decisions regarding hospital individual services in Austria. Beyond clinical evidence, organizational aspects seem to be considered often with regard to quality assurance but costs do not appear to play a major role. The Austrian system has mechanisms in place that can restrict widespread adoption of novel hospital individual services with uncertain clinical benefits. Future studies could investigate how well these mechanisms work and how they compare to other health systems in Europe.
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Bajwa, Deepinder S., L. Floyd Lewis, Graham Pervan, and Vincent S. Lai. "The Adoption and use of Collaboration Information Technologies: International Comparisons." Journal of Information Technology 20, no. 2 (June 2005): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000037.
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Information technology (IT) applications to support group decision processes have been of considerable interest over the years. With the emergence of virtual team arrangements and the advent of emerging information and networking technologies, an increasing amount of attention is now being aimed at understanding collaboration among group members, as they make decisions to accomplish tasks. Effective and efficient collaboration is critical from a decision quality and decision timeliness standpoint. Commonly known as collaborative information technologies (CITs), many technology solutions have the capability to enhance collaboration and facilitate group decisions in task accomplishment by enabling better communication, sharing of information, ideas, expertise, and evaluating alternatives, irrespective of time and distance barriers. Many studies have investigated such individual CIT solutions in different regional settings. However, despite the fact that no single medium can support collaboration in different types of tasks, there is a scarcity of research investigating the adoption and use of multiple CIT options across regions. This paper builds upon innovation diffusion theory and tests a research model to validate five antecedents of collective adoption and use of seven CITs in the US, Australia, and Hong Kong. Sub-sample analyses of data collected from 344 organizations in these three regions suggest that not only do adoption and use patterns of some CIT solutions vary across regions but so do the antecedents that explain their proliferation. Implications of our findings are discussed for practitioners and researchers.
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Sharna, Shaima Chowdhury, Asif Reza Anik, Sanzidur Rahman, and Md Abdus Salam. "Impact of Social, Institutional and Environmental Factors on the Adoption of Sustainable Soil Management Practices: An Empirical Analysis from Bangladesh." Land 11, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 2206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122206.
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This paper explores the determinants of sustainable soil management (SSM) practices among Bangladeshi paddy farmers. Relevant information from 2681 paddy farmers was extracted from the nationally representative Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS 2018–2019) dataset. Four SSM practices were commonly practiced with 37.04% of the sampled farmers adopting at least one SSM practice. ‘Use of organic fertilizer’ was the most common practice, whereas the other three, viz. ‘zero-tillage’, ‘incorporate paddy residue’, and ‘legume cultivation’ were less practiced by the farmers. Econometric analysis revealed that differences in the farmers’ socio-economic conditions, environmental and institutional settings were the main drivers of the SMM practice decisions. Climatic factors were critical in shaping the farmers’ decision to adopt SSM practices. Education, access to information and extension services increased the adoption probability of SSM practices. Improved infrastructure and being located within the economically vulnerable areas (e.g., Feed the Future zone) influenced the farmers’ adoption decision, but the magnitude and direction varied depending on the individual circumstances. The farmers’ socio-economic conditions, e.g., assets and farm size, also had a notable influence on the adoption of SSM practices. Policy implications include strengthening extension services, incorporation of climatic information in education and dissemination of information on SSM practices, particularly to farmers living in vulnerable areas.
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Gupta, Nainsi, Gunjan Soni, Sameer Mittal, Indrajit Mukherjee, Bharti Ramtiyal, and Devesh Kumar. "Evaluating Traceability Technology Adoption in Food Supply Chain: A Game Theoretic Approach." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15020898.
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Food traceability in the supply chain is becoming increasingly important because of concerns such as fraud, adulteration, consumer requirements, and food loss. This study highlights the importance of food traceability in reducing food loss through the proper monitoring of food at every stage of the supply chain. The actions of individual players in a food supply chain affect its traceability. Moreover, the decisions made by one player influence the decisions of the other players. Thus, traceability becomes more complex as the number of players increases. Owing to the complex nature of a food chain, it is important to analyze all the possible strategies that stakeholders consider and understand the influence of those possible strategies on the traceability of a food supply chain. In this study, we deploy a game theory model to analyze the strategic combinations of all possible actions of different stakeholders to understand the complexities present in a food supply chain, as well as how these strategic combinations help in decision-making for the adoption of traceability in a food supply chain. Furthermore, we analyze the factors that may increase or decrease the probability of adopting traceability in a food supply chain.
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Halus, O. O., and M. M. Baimuratov. "ON THE QUESTION OF THE CONCEPT AND CLASSIFICATION OF MUNICIPAL LEGAL ACTS OF DIRECT PEOPLE`S RULE." Соціальний Калейдоскоп 1, no. 3 (June 20, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47567/bomivit.1-3.2020.05.
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The article substantiates the allocation of municipal legal acts of direct democracy as a kind of municipal legal acts. It is proposed to understand by a municipal legal act of direct democracy a decision of normative-legal or individual-legal nature, adopted directly by members of the territorial community in order to resolve issues of local significance within the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. The division of municipal legal acts of direct democracy by the nature of prescriptions into normative, individual and mixed. It is determined that mixed municipal legal acts of direct democracy contain both normative and individual legal prescriptions. These include the adoption of a decision on self-taxation at general meetings of citizens, and so on. Taking into account the practice of holding local referendums in Ukraine, the classification of decisions of local referendums is proposed: according to the legal force, decisions of local referendums are divided into imperative and dispositive; on the basis of local referendums, decisions are divided into: mandatory, optional; at the time of the local referendum, its decisions may be: advisory, ratification; on the subject of the referendum, local referendum decisions may be on administrative- territorial issues, landscaping, land issues, changes in the basic level of local self-government, names of settlements, termination of powers of village, town, city, village, town, city council.
The concepts and types of separate municipal legal acts of direct democracy, in particular decisions of local referendums and decisions of general meetings of citizens at the place of residence are defined.
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Burger, Csaba. "Adoption Patterns of Occupational Pensions in Germany." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 43, no. 11 (November 2011): 2666–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a4455.
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The withdrawal of the welfare states from pensions underscores the need for a better understanding of the spatial characteristics of adoption processes in the case of financial innovations. In 2001 the German pension reform reduced publicly provided pensions, and introduced subsidised, voluntary occupational plans to replace the loss in retirement income. This paper looks at the spatial and temporal adoptions of the newly created occupational pensions by analysing a unique, proprietary database, containing data on 12 000 employers and 286 000 employees working in the German metal and electric industry. The study identifies metropolitan/nonmetropolitan, East–West, and further geographical differences in the employers' timing to adopt, which in turn influences employees' decisions to enrol. Differences are identified among employee-level adoptions depending on the employers' timing and further, individual-level factors. The results emphasise the importance of geography in the transformation of old-age finances in the German welfare state.
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Osmani, Juliana. "The Impact of Age on the Perception of Cognitive Abilities and Decision-Making Skills." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v8i1.p114-125.
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Nowadays organizations are operating in a dynamic and turbulent environment. In these conditions, the situations are very complex and the problems are unstructured. So, to make good decisions the organizations are moving toward group decision-making. The advantages of such processes are numerous when compared to individual decision-making. The main goal of the current research focuses on the perception of cognitive and decision-making abilities, trying to understand if there is a relationship between them and age and how such perceptions may influence the attitudes toward group decision-making process. This study focuses on the banking institutions in Albania, as the most developed segment of the financial system and the entire Albanian economy and as a sector where group decision-making processes are widely used. It is generally thought that adults are less productive, less motivated, more adverse to innovation and less skilled in learning. With the age, the individual undergoes substantial changes regarding the information processing speed, memory, reasoning, concentration and executive functions. It has been shown that these changes move in the opposite direction with respect to age. Then what to do, avoid that adults make decisions? The relationship between age, cognitive and decision-making abilities is very complex. Cognitive limits orient adults to the adoption of compensatory decision-making strategies. In these circumstances, the question that arises is whether the group decision-making process can be an effective tool to balance these skills. On the basis of the responses offered by 247 participants and adopting the quantitative methodology, the current research tries to answer this question.
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Boldosova, Valeriia, and Severi Luoto. "Storytelling, business analytics and big data interpretation." Management Research Review 43, no. 2 (August 23, 2019): 204–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-03-2019-0106.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of storytelling in data interpretation, decision-making and individual-level adoption of business analytics (BA). Design/methodology/approach Existing theory is extended by introducing the concept of BA data-driven storytelling and by synthesizing insights from BA, storytelling, behavioral research, linguistics, psychology and neuroscience. Using theory-building methodology, a model with propositions is introduced to demonstrate the relationship between storytelling, data interpretation quality, decision-making quality, intention to use BA and actual BA use. Findings BA data-driven storytelling is a narrative sensemaking heuristic positively influencing human behavior towards BA use. Organizations deliberately disseminating BA data-driven stories can improve the quality of individual data interpretation and decision-making, resulting in increased individual utilization of BA on a daily basis. Research limitations/implications To acquire a deeper understanding of BA data-driven storytelling in behavioral operational research (BOR), future studies should test the theoretical model of this study and focus on exploring the complexity and diversity in individual attitudes toward BA. Practical implications This study provides practical guidance for business practitioners who struggle with interpreting vast amounts of complex data, making data-driven decisions and incorporating BA into daily operations. Originality/value This cross-disciplinary study develops existing BOR, storytelling and BA literature by showing how a novel BA data-driven storytelling approach can facilitate BA adoption in organizations.
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Andreev, V. K., and V. A. Kondratiev. "The Decision of the General Meeting of Members in a Non-Public Business Company: Concept and Types." Pravosudie / Justice 2, no. 2 (June 11, 2020): 148–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2686-9241.2020.2.148-169.
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Introduction. The article examines the features of holding general meetings of members in non-public business companies, in particular questions about the place of decisions of general meeting in the system of legal facts, their relationship with the deal and the contract. The ability to use digital technology in decision making. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article is based on an analysis of the norms of positive law, primarily the Civil Code and the Laws on Company Business. Results. The authors conclude that the starting point in the activities of a non-public business company is the acquisition and exercise of their civil rights and the fulfilment of duties, and not a legal relationship that includes civil rights and civil duties as a necessary element. In addition, the decision of a general meeting, despite having many features in common, is not a deal. The decision of a general meeting, acting as an act of individual regulation, is in fact an act of a legal entity, and not a decision of the business community. The authors proposed a classification of decisions of meetings of business entities, depending on the method of their adoption, the possibilities being: the unanimously adoption by all participants of the company; decisions of the meeting of members of a company being adopted by a majority, or a qualified majority, of votes; decisions of the meeting of members of a company to change its charter, reorganization and liquidation of the company, requiring state registration in the unified state register of legal entities. The decision of a general meeting can be made either in person or in absentia, or a combination of the two. The decision of the meeting adopted in absentia will be valid, despite the absence of any special document establishing the procedure for its adoption. Discussion and Conclusion. Decisions of general meetings are actions of participants in a business company concerning legal consequences, including civil rights and obligations, in cases specified by law, and binding on all persons entitled to participate in the meeting, as well as other persons, whether required by law or having some other involvement.
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Andreev, V. K., and V. A. Kondratiev. "The Decision of the General Meeting of Members in a Non-Public Business Company: Concept and Types." Pravosudie / Justice 2, no. 2 (June 11, 2020): 148–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2686-9241.2020.2.148-169.
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Introduction. The article examines the features of holding general meetings of members in non-public business companies, in particular questions about the place of decisions of general meeting in the system of legal facts, their relationship with the deal and the contract. The ability to use digital technology in decision making. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article is based on an analysis of the norms of positive law, primarily the Civil Code and the Laws on Company Business. Results. The authors conclude that the starting point in the activities of a non-public business company is the acquisition and exercise of their civil rights and the fulfilment of duties, and not a legal relationship that includes civil rights and civil duties as a necessary element. In addition, the decision of a general meeting, despite having many features in common, is not a deal. The decision of a general meeting, acting as an act of individual regulation, is in fact an act of a legal entity, and not a decision of the business community. The authors proposed a classification of decisions of meetings of business entities, depending on the method of their adoption, the possibilities being: the unanimously adoption by all participants of the company; decisions of the meeting of members of a company being adopted by a majority, or a qualified majority, of votes; decisions of the meeting of members of a company to change its charter, reorganization and liquidation of the company, requiring state registration in the unified state register of legal entities. The decision of a general meeting can be made either in person or in absentia, or a combination of the two. The decision of the meeting adopted in absentia will be valid, despite the absence of any special document establishing the procedure for its adoption. Discussion and Conclusion. Decisions of general meetings are actions of participants in a business company concerning legal consequences, including civil rights and obligations, in cases specified by law, and binding on all persons entitled to participate in the meeting, as well as other persons, whether required by law or having some other involvement.
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Ahnström, Johan, Jenny Höckert, Hanna L. Bergeå, Charles A. Francis, Peter Skelton, and Lars Hallgren. "Farmers and nature conservation: What is known about attitudes, context factors and actions affecting conservation?" Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 24, no. 1 (December 10, 2008): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170508002391.
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AbstractFarmers' attitudes towards viability of specific conservation practices or actions strongly impact their decisions on adoption and change. This review of ‘attitude’ information reveals a wide range of perceptions about what conservation means and what the impacts of adoption will mean in economic and environmental terms. Farmers operate in a tight financial situation, and in parts of the world they are highly dependent on government subsidies, and cannot afford to risk losing that support. Use of conservation practices is most effective when these are understood in the context of the individual farm, and decisions are rooted in land and resource stewardship and long-term concerns about health of the farm and the soil. The attitudes of farmers entering agri-environmental schemes decide the quality of the result. A model is developed to show how attitudes of the farmer, the farming context and agri-environmental schemes interact and thus influence how the farming community affects nature and biodiversity. As new agri-environmental schemes are planned, agricultural development specialists need to recognize the complexity of farmer attitudes, the importance of location and individual farmer circumstances, and the multiple factors that influence decisions. We provide these insights and the model to conservation biologists conducting research in farming areas, decision makers who develop future agri-environmental schemes, educators training tomorrow's extension officers and nature conservationists, and researchers dealing with nature conservation issues through a combination of scientific disciplines.
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Singh, Vishal, and Jan Holmström. "Needs and technology adoption: observation from BIM experience." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 22, no. 2 (March 16, 2015): 128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-09-2014-0124.
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Purpose – Despite the recognized role of motivation of actors in technology adoption decisions, there is limited understanding of the psychological processes underlying the motivation. The purpose of this paper is to explore this gap by investigating Building Information Modeling (BIM) adoption from the viewpoint of Maslow’s motivational theory on hierarchy of needs. Design/methodology/approach – This research uses mixed methods. Initially theoretical arguments establish the suitability of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as the conceptual framework to investigate technology adoption. The hypotheses and research questions are investigated using data collected through focus group interviews, interviews and field observations in Australian architecture engineering and construction (AEC). The findings are validated with a survey of BIM adoption cases reported in literature, and additional interviews conducted in Finnish AEC sector. Finally, abductive reasoning is applied to seek the best possible explanation for the observed patterns. Findings – It is found that besides individuals, organizations also demonstrate hierarchical ordering of innovation-related needs. Three broad categories of innovation-related needs are identified. Using abduction, the innovation-related needs of actors are described in terms of stable and excited states. Research limitations/implications – The findings are primarily based on studies conducted in regions with developed economies. Practical implications – This research shows that Maslow’s hierarchy of needs could be a useful diagnostic framework to assess actors’ response towards technology adoption. Originality/value – This investigation into the potential usefulness of Maslow’s theory into understanding technology adoption is by itself a novel research contribution. The finding that hierarchical view of needs can partly explain the adoption decisions of both individual and organizational actors is an original contribution.
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Engebrecht, L., T. Smith, and M. Suchak. "Single vs multiple cat adoptions: A trade-off between longer adoption times and social bonding in shelter cats." Animal Welfare 31, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.31.3.006.
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Timely adoption is essential for shelters to prevent unnecessary illness or euthanasia in cats (Felis catus). Many studies have examined the role of individual cat characteristics and environmental factors in facilitating cat adoptions, but none have looked at the role the number of cats being adopted plays. In this study, we examined whether or not adopting cats in pairs influences adoption times, in addition to commonly studied factors. We then collected video data on a small subset of cats to determine whether pairs that were adopted together differed behaviourally from pairs who were not. Our results demonstrate that cats who are adopted as part of a multi-cat outcome spent three days (42%) longer on the adoption floor than those adopted individually, independently of other factors such as age and coat colour. This difference increased to 13 days (185%) longer if the cat had a notification indicating they must be adopted together with another cat. While behavioural data show that these pairs of cats engage in significantly more affiliative behaviour with each other than cats who were adopted singly, there was a large discrepancy between which pairs the shelter classified as multi-outcome and those who would be classified that way based on behaviour alone. We suggest that decisions to place cats together should be made carefully given the potential adverse impacts of keeping cats in the shelter longer. Further, we suggest that guidance should be developed to help shelters accurately and consistently identify which cats merit a multi-outcome adoption.
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Sukhachova, O. О. "Sectoral Features of Development and Management Decision-Making at Enterprises in the Communications Sector of Ukraine." HERALD OF THE ECONOMIC SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, no. 1(42) (2022): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/1729-7206.2022.1(42).70-77.
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The theoretical foundations of the development and adoption of managerial decisions by enterprises in the field of communication are summarized. The scientific work on the content of the conceptual apparatus “management decision” was considered. The practical achievements of the process of developing and making managerial decisions are systematized, taking into account the peculiarities of the activities of enterprises in this field. From these positions, it is proposed to interpret the essence and result of the management decision of enterprises, which is based on the choice of an alternative option and is aimed at overcoming the problematic situation on the basis of complex management, taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of the enterprise. communication companies. This approach will help to effectively manage and expand the capabilities of communication companies. The principles of activity of communication enterprises were considered, and directions and ways of further development of communication enterprises were determined, taking into account the peculiarities of their activity. The expediency of the process of development and management decisions of telecommunications companies has been proven. It was determined that for a comprehensive assessment of management decisions, it is advisable to take into account certain types of effects. Technical, resource, economic and socio-ecological effects are the most significant for communication enterprises. The peculiarities of the development and management decisions of telecommunication companies are substantiated, one of which is the adoption of high-tech decisions aimed at the constant improvement of telecommunication companies, which determines their strategic activity in order to achieve the maximum level of their development. It was determined that their information provision is very important for making effective decisions. The process of development and decision-making is, in fact, an information process based on the processing of formalized and informal information, various data and knowledge. There are five main types of information systems that are necessary to meet the needs of different organizational levels and functional areas of management, namely: business processes, office automation, management information systems, decision support systems, decision support systems. Therefore, for a comprehensive assessment of management decisions, it is advisable to take into account not only the effectiveness of activities, but also individual types of effects. Keywords management decisions, communication enterprise, enterprise management, information, analysis.
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Ansari, S. A., and Shazia Tabassum. "A New Perspective on the Adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices: A Review." Current Agriculture Research Journal 6, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.6.2.04.
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There have been plenty of studies investigating farmers’ decision to adopt sustainable agricultural practices but a lot more segregated studies exist, highlighting the importance of individual factors affecting adoption. This review addresses this gap and provides a suggestion to effectively understand adoption of sustainable agricultural practices by farmers from a comprehensive perspective. The study underscores and justifies the use of the integrated framework of Reasoned Action Approach/Theory of Planned Behavior, to present a new perspective on studying sustainable agriculture. The paper presents a review of empirical studies, reports and some review papers from past research from 1995 to 2014. Till now, only a handful of studies have incorporated the usage of this framework, which has significant relevance in studying the adoption behaviour of farmers. As suggested by previous studies about the use of socio-psychological models in agriculture, and the importance of studying adoption from multi-disciplinary a perspective, this study justifies the use and significance of Reasoned Action Approach/Theory of Planned Behaviour by providing evidences from past literature. The study concludes that the framework is comprehensive enough to look at the multidisciplinary aspects, necessary to investigate farmers’ adoption decisions, and thereby provides more than a starting point for contributing to the existing body of literature.
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Zaidi, Syed Kashif Raza, Cassy Daniels Henderson, and Gaurav Gupta. "The moderating effect of culture on e-filing taxes: evidence from India." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 7, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-05-2015-0038.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine factors that affect the adoption of an electronic tax filing system in an emerging economy. Using the theory of planned behavior, the technology acceptance model (TAM), the information systems success model (ISSM), and Hofstede’s cultural values as the theoretical basis, this paper examines the influence that computer skills (CS), perceived ease of use (PEoU), perceived usefulness (PU), information systems quality, and espoused national culture have on the adoption of an electronic tax filing system in an emerging economy. Design/methodology/approach A survey was used to collect the data from individuals who e-filed theirs or someone else’s (individual and/or business) income taxes using government or private vendor websites. Snowball sampling technique is used to collect the data. A total of 201 usable questionnaires were analyzed. Findings Results indicate that PEoU and PU have a positive impact on user satisfaction (US), and higher US is linked to higher intentions of adopting online tax filing. Results show that high-power distance positively influences US. Practical implications The study provides insight for policymakers in emerging economies involved in diffusion of technology decisions. Considerations for requisite CS, perceptions of usefulness and ease, and culture should be included in the diffusion process. Originality/value This paper provides evidence supporting the predictability of TAM and ISSM in technology adoption. In addition, the study examines the moderating effect of culture on technology adoption. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to develop and test a holistic technology adoption model in context of a multicultural and emerging economy.
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Waheed, Mehwish, Jane E. Klobas, and Kiran Kaur. "The importance of actual use in defining and measuring innovative behaviour: Comparison of e-book reader users and non-users." Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 49, no. 4 (April 3, 2016): 368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000616640030.
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This study introduces the concept of personal innovative behaviour and demonstrates its validity in the context of e-book reader adoption and use. Personal innovative behaviour, unlike measures of consumer innovativeness, amalgamates decisions about product adoption with reports of the product’s actual use. Quantitative methodology was used, and probability proportional stratified sampling technique was used to obtain the proportionate sample. Items to measure personal innovative behaviour for e-book readers were included in a questionnaire distributed to students at a Malaysian university. Of the 386 participants, 79% used the e-book reader, half of them for academic purposes. Confirmatory factor analysis using Amos tested the concept of personal innovative behaviour for both users and non-users. The results indicated that the underlying dimensions, (intended Adoption Behaviour and actual Use Behaviour), could be measured and combined in a structural model only for users, i.e. innovators. Good model fit confirmed the validity and reliability of the framework. The redefined construct and scale validation will be helpful to researchers to measure the individual personal behaviour in terms of their final decision to adopt and actual usage of the novel product. The personal innovative behaviour scale presented here can be used by researchers and practitioners to measure adoption and use of personal information products and devices. The two dimensional conceptualization of personal innovative behaviour (intended Adoption Behaviour and actual Use Behaviour) reconciles similarities and differences between the decision and action variables in innovation diffusion theory and the technology acceptance model.
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Simões, Andre Rozemberg Peixoto, Charles Frederick Nicholson, Andrew M. Novakovic, and Roberto Max Protil. "Dynamic impacts of farm-level technology adoption on the Brazilian dairy supply chain." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 1 (January 2020): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0033.
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Agricultural technology adoption that increases individual firm productivity is generally assumed to improve competitiveness and profitability. However, technology that is adopted by many firms in an industry can shift the basic supply relationship, increasing total production while lowering farm prices. While generally beneficial to consumers, this result can reduce (or completely offset) benefits for farmers, especially late or non-adopters. Our objective is to assess the market dynamics of alternative assumptions about exogenous productivity-enhancing technology adoption by Brazilian dairy farms. Of particular interest is the distributional impact on farm incomes and on the proportion of milk production for different farm size classes. To achieve this objective, we developed an empirical System Dynamics model that evaluates market and farm profitability impacts from 2006 to 2016. We simulated six counterfactual scenarios comprising three rates of adoption (slow, medium and fast) by two farm size categories (small and large). Technology adoption impact differs in the short- and long-term and depending on the assumed rates and farm sizes. Non-adopters of technology can experience lower incomes and a smaller production and income shares when other farms adopt. The underlying causal structure of farm profitability and the herd management decisions suffices to explain the potential market exclusion of non-adopting farms (especially small-scale farms) when others adopt.
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Fan, Lu, and Swarn Chatterjee. "The Utilization of Robo-Advisors by Individual Investors: An Analysis Using Diffusion of Innovation and Information Search Frameworks." Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning 31, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jfcp-18-00078.
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This study examines the roles of internal and external search characteristics and attitudinal factors in investors' decisions to utilize robo-advisor-based platforms. Using the 2015 state-by-state National Financial Capability Study and Investor Survey, this study finds that the need to free up time, higher risk tolerance, higher subjective financial knowledge, and higher amounts of investable assets were positively associated with individual investors' adoption of robo-advisors. Additionally, the results from the interaction model indicates that individuals under 65 with a higher risk tolerance and greater perceived investment knowledge were more likely to use robo-advisors. Implications of the key findings for scholars, practitioners, and industry leaders are included.
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Kabulova, E. G. "ADOPTION OF DECISIONS FOR CONTROL OF COMPLEX MULTI-STAGE TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS UNDER CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 22, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-4-104-111.
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Today metallurgical production from the point of view of management and multistage character of production is complex, big system with various features of functioning of subsystems and elements. Traditional methods for the management of such systems are ineffective, as one of the main problems is the choice of optimal management decisions, taking into account current situations and limitations on changes in the values of technological parameters. One of the problems arising in the management of complex technological systems of metallurgical production is the heterogeneity of a large amount of data, which complicates the process of making effective and operational decisions in the management of production. Adequate decision-making by the expert is connected with the need to aggregate various kinds of information at different levels of the hierarchy. In addition, the operation of real complex systems of metallurgical production takes place in conditions of uncertainty of information, and to implement effective management, to organize decision support, to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of information to improve the quality of metal products and technical and economic indicators of production in this case is not possible. In this connection, the paper proposes a model of integration of heterogeneous information under uncertainty, which will take into account the measure of importance not only of individual values of technological parameters at a certain stage of production, but also a set of such parameters through the use of fuzzy measures in the integration of data. This model will improve the accuracy of determining the required values of technological parameters by taking into account all stages of production, technological operations, as well as through the use of data aggregation at each stage. The peculiarity of the developed model is the possibility of applying corrective procedures for the sequential adaptation of membership functions of fuzzy parameters.
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Riaz, Sara Sarwar, and Samira Ahsan. "Assessment of follow-up decisions and care after BRCA testing." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.34_suppl.22.
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22 Background: Inherited mutations in BRCA1/2 genes render high risk of development of breast and ovarian cancers in affected individuals. A spectrum of risk reducing strategies exists inclusive of preventive measures as clinical and radiographic surveillance, hormonal therapies and prophylactic surgeries. Baseline prognostic parameters direct decisions regarding adoption of each approach. Methods: We aimed to study the pattern of clinico-preventive inclination among deleterious mutation carriers, with and without personal history of malignancies. Our mode of intervention was a phone survey conducted to elicit pertinent information from individuals with high risk penetrance mutations and to assess their choice and bias toward each strategy, primarily designed to abate the oncogenic potential inherent to these mutations. Results: Analysis of subjective and sequential data revealed that 5 out of the 7 mutation carriers had a personal history of breast or ovarian cancer. All 5 of these subjects opted for prophylactic mastectomy while 4 of them underwent prophylactic oophorectomy, detecting one additional cancer. 2 of the individuals preferred surveillance as their preventive program while none of the subjects chose hormonal therapy. In terms of demographics and lifestyle, 3 patients claimed to had increased their level of physical activity, 4 modified their dietary habits and 2 incorporated vitamins and herbal supplements into their regimen. 6 of the subjects felt adequately supported while 1 individual relayed concerns regarding inadequate insurance coverage. None of the subjects felt their follow up decisions were influenced by their annual income or coverage plans. Conclusions: Decisions regarding adopting least to most aggressive measures are highly influenced by personal history of cancer shifting the focus from quality to quantity of life. Prophylactic mastectomy reduces the risk of contralateral breast cancer by 90% and oophorectomy by 50%. Estrogen and progestrogen receptors are infrequently expressed in BRCA related tumors rendering hormonal therapy less effective. Lifestyle modification and stringent surveillance are evolving areas of preventive oncology, however, their effectiveness remains to be elucidated.
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BARROT, CHRISTIAN, JAN KUHLMANN, and ANDREA POPA. "INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS ON INNOVATION ADOPTION — USING MULTI-AGENT SIMULATIONS TO PROJECT THE LAUNCH OF AN INNOVATIVE MEDICAL DEVICE." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 10, no. 05 (October 2013): 1340021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021987701340021x.
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Adoption processes are often heavily influenced by interpersonal communication. Marketing managers are increasingly trying to use these relationships to foster the market penetration of their products. In an empirical study of the US market for an innovative medical device, we survey the social network of (mostly chief) anesthetists from 151 hospitals. We confirm the influences from personal communication on individual adoption decisions through hazard regressions. We then use a multi-agent modeling framework trying to identify what seeding strategies would have been optimal to achieve a fast market penetration, i.e. which and how many anesthetists should be selected to initiate personal communication processes.
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Jones, Emily, and Alexandra O. Zeitz. "Regulatory Convergence in the Financial Periphery: How Interdependence Shapes Regulators’ Decisions." International Studies Quarterly 63, no. 4 (August 27, 2019): 908–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz068.
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Abstract We examine the processes by which regulations prevailing in countries at the core of the global economy spread to countries outside this small group. We show how specific cross-border relationships between banks, regulators, and investors generate regulatory interdependence that drives the diffusion of international standards from the standard-setting countries at the core of the financial system to the financial periphery. We argue that regulatory decisions in the financial periphery are shaped by the prior choices of regulators in other countries, mediated through four specific cross-border relationships associated with banking globalization. We draw on a new dataset of Basel II adoption in over ninety jurisdictions in the financial periphery. Using spatial lag models we show that regulators’ decisions over the adoption of international standards are shaped by the choices of regulators to whom they are connected through the cross-border operations of individual banks, international professional networks, and competition for capital. Our analysis underscores the value of parsing out the relevant actor-level linkages that connect countries: while international considerations shape regulatory decisions, what matters is not the extent to which countries are connected to the global economy but rather the nature of these connections.
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Awa, Hart O., Ojiabo Ukoha, and Sunny R. Igwe. "Revisiting technology-organization-environment (T-O-E) theory for enriched applicability." Bottom Line 30, no. 01 (May 8, 2017): 2–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-12-2016-0044.
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Purpose This paper aims to propose and test a ten-factor framework of four contexts from technology-organization-environment (T-O-E) theory and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to provide insight(s) that complements and extends extant inquiries on technology adoption. Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected from small service enterprises with strong operations in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and the mode of sampling was purposive and snow ball, whereas analysis involved structural equation modeling. Findings The results show that factors in the technological, organizational and environmental contexts have direct statistically significant relationship with adoption; thus, adoption is more driven by T-O-E factors than by individual factors. For individual context, social factor equally was statistically supported, whereas hedonistic drive was not. Research limitations/implications The study is limited by its scope of data collection and phases; therefore, extended data are needed to apply the findings to other sectors/industries/countries and to factor in the implementation and post-adoption phases and business to business (B2B) adoption to forge a more holistic framework. Practical/implications Implicit is that the findings encourage vendors and policy makers to recognize the strength of interpersonal and group relationships in addition to T-O-E contexts in developing investment decisions. Originality/value The paper contributes to the growing research on innovation adoption by using factors within the T-O-E and UTAUT frameworks to explain SMEs’ adoption of technologies.
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Barbosa, Natã M., Joon S. Park, Yaxing Yao, and Yang Wang. "“What if?” Predicting Individual Users’ Smart Home Privacy Preferences and Their Changes." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2019, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2019-0066.
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Abstract Smart home devices challenge a long-held notion that the home is a private and protected place. With this in mind, many developers market their products with a focus on privacy in order to gain user trust, yet privacy tensions arise with the growing adoption of these devices and the risk of inappropriate data practices in the smart home (e.g., secondary use of collected data). Therefore, it is important for developers to consider individual user preferences and how they would change under varying circumstances, in order to identify actionable steps towards developing user trust and exercising privacy-preserving data practices. To help achieve this, we present the design and evaluation of machine learning models that predict (1) personalized allow/deny decisions for different information flows involving various attributes, purposes, and devices (AUC .868), (2) what circumstances may change original decisions (AUC .899), and (3) how much (US dollars) one may be willing to pay or receive in exchange for smart home privacy (RMSE 12.459). We show how developers can use our models to derive actionable steps toward privacy-preserving data practices in the smart home.
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Leatt, Peggy, Michael Murray, and Louise Lemieux-Charles. "Decentralization of Decision-Making in Canada's Health System: The Sunnybrook Experience." Health Services Management Research 7, no. 4 (November 1994): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148489400700404.
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Though there is a significant literature which notes that physicians are fast becoming organizational members, there has been little research evidence to suggest that the adoption of new management models have actually facilitated their involvement. This study sought to examine whether a conscious effort at decentralizing decisions at the clinical unit level would actually result in increased involvement of physicians and other clinicians in decision-making at that level. Two major surveys examining individual roles and responsibilities and unit relationships with other units were conducted, at two points in time, in a large Canadian tertiary care centre. Results suggest that physicians had experienced an increase in administrative discretion. There was an overall increase of many groups in influencing clinical unit decisions with a perceived decrease in senior management influence in budget administration at the unit level. Lessons learned in conducting this type of research are described.
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Zhou, Lixin, Jie Lin, Yanfeng Li, and Zhenyu Zhang. "Innovation Diffusion of Mobile Applications in Social Networks: A Multi-Agent System." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 4, 2020): 2884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072884.
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Mobile application innovation diffusion can be used to enhance the reputation and competitiveness of Internet enterprises. However, few works have explored the process of mobile application innovation diffusion from the individual perspective. Therefore, this paper employs multi-agent methods to simulate the innovation diffusion of mobile applications from the perspective of social networks. Specifically, we combine psychology, sociology, game theory and network effect theory to model user behaviors of adoption and rejection decisions for mobile applications. The multi-agent model was built in Anylogic 8 to simulate the communication and interaction between individual users. Then, this paper discusses the evolution of decision-making of social network user groups with different network structures and network effects. We also investigate the impact of different firms’ promotion on innovation diffusion. Our findings suggest firms could make better strategies and achieve better diffusion effects from mobile applications.
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Anderson, Carl A. "Constitution and Family in the United States." Revue générale de droit 21, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 651–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058211ar.
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Decisions of the United States Supreme Court beginning with Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) have transformed family law in the United States. By characterizing the right to marry as a fundamental constitutional right and procreative decision-making as both a fundamental liberty interest and privacy right, the Court has “deregulated” the institutions of marriage and family. During this same period the Court’s approach to legal questions involving the rights of non-marital cohabitating couples as well as individual procreative decision-making has tended to blur legal distinctions between the family based upon marriage and other living arrangements. The widespread adoption of mutual consent and/or marital breakdown as grounds for the dissolution of marriage in the United States has significantly altered the social dynamics of marriage and further reduces distinctions between marriage and other living arrangements. However, recent decisions by the Court in Hardwick, Michael H., and Webster point to a change of direction in the Court’s view of privacy which may signal a willingness to tolerate greater community involvement in establishing protective regulation of the institutions of marriage and the family based upon it. The Court also appears to be in the process of significantly narrowing the constitutionally recognized right of privacy when viewed as a zone of autonomous decision-making for the individual or non-marital couple.
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Vaittinen, Eija, Miia Martinsuo, and Roland Ortt. "Business customers’ readiness to adopt manufacturer’s new services." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 28, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 52–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-03-2017-0053.
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Purpose For successful servitization, manufacturing firms must understand how their customers adopt new services. The purpose of this paper is to explore customers’ readiness for a manufacturer’s new services to complement its goods. The goal is to increase knowledge of the aspects that manufacturers should consider when bringing new kinds of services to market. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study design is used to analyze readiness for services and interest in service adoption in three customer firms of a manufacturer. The interview data were collected from 14 persons at customer sites and were content analyzed. Findings The results show that readiness – a concept that is often used in the field of technology – is relevant also for the service adoption process. In a business-to-business context, readiness for service adoption concerns the individual and organizational levels, and hence a new dimension of organizational culture and habits had to be added to the concept that originally focuses on individuals. People consider different factors when making consecutive decisions during the service adoption process and these factors can vary even within a company. The cornerstone for new service adoption is the customer firm’s actual need for the service. Originality/value The results offer new knowledge about service adoption in a business-to-business context by taking a customer firm’s perspective. They, thus, complement previous studies on the supplier perspective of servitization and service adoption in consumer business. The contributions help manufacturers focus their efforts when bringing new services to market.
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Roesch-McNally, Gabrielle E., Andrea D. Basche, J. G. Arbuckle, John C. Tyndall, Fernando E. Miguez, Troy Bowman, and Rebecca Clay. "The trouble with cover crops: Farmers’ experiences with overcoming barriers to adoption." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 33, no. 4 (March 13, 2017): 322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170517000096.
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AbstractCover crops are known to promote many aspects of soil and water quality, yet estimates find that in 2012 only 2.3% of the total agricultural lands in the Midwestern USA were using cover crops. Focus groups were conducted across the Corn Belt state of Iowa to better understand how farmers confront barriers to cover crop adoption in highly intensive agricultural production systems. Although much prior research has focused on analyzing factors that help predict cover crop use on farms, there is limited research on how farmers navigate and overcome field-level (e.g. proper planting of a cover crop) and structural barriers (e.g. market forces) associated with the use of cover crops. The results from the analysis of these conversations suggest that there is a complex dialectical relationship between farmers' individual management decisions and the broader agricultural context in the region that constrains their decisions. Farmers in these focus groups shared how they navigate complex management decisions within a generally homogenized agricultural and economic landscape that makes cover crop integration challenging. Many who joined the focus groups have found ways to overcome barriers and successfully integrate cover crops into their cropping systems. This is illustrated through farmers' descriptions of their ‘whole system’ approach to cover crops management, where they described how they prioritize the success of their cover crops by focusing on multiple aspects of management, including changes they have made to nutrient application and modifications to equipment. These producers also engage with farmer networks to gain strategies for overcoming management challenges associated with cover crops. Although many participants had successfully planted cover crops, they tended to believe that greater economic incentives and/or more diverse crop and livestock markets would be needed to spur more widespread adoption of the practice. Our results further illustrate how structural and field-level barriers constrain individual actions, as it is not simply the basic agronomic considerations (such as seeding and terminating cover crops) that pose a challenge to their use, but also the broader economic and market drivers that exist in agriculturally intensive systems. Our study provides evidence that reducing structural barriers to adoption may be necessary to increase the use of this conservation practice to reduce environmental impacts associated with intensive agricultural production.
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Shah, Jamal, and Majed Alharthi. "The Association between Farmers’ Psychological Factors and Their Choice to Adopt Risk Management Strategies: The Case of Pakistan." Agriculture 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030412.
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Agriculture is a risky business, and risk persists in all management decisions taken by a farmer at the farm level. Disrupting agricultural business severely affects the livelihood of individual farmers and negatively affects the country’s economy. To cope with risks, farmers’ tend to mitigate the harsh impact of risks by adopting risk management strategies. Such an adoption decision is affected by several factors, most importantly, the psychological factors, i.e., risk perception and risk attitude of the farmer. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to understand farmers’ risk perception and risk attitude that affect their behaviour in making decisions at the farm level in a risky prospect. The association is investigated by employing chi-squared tests and Cramér’s V. The indirect impact of socioeconomic characteristics of the farmer via their psychological factors is conducted using structural equation model (SEM) path analysis. Their direct impact, together with psychological factors, are examined using the probit model. The two models are compared statistically for better performance and interpretations of the results. From the results, we found that risk perception and risk attitude are the key driving forces of farmers’ decisions during uncertainty which induce them to adopt risk management strategies. Other key variables and their quadratic functions that significantly affect farmers’ behaviour include education level, farming experience, off-farm income, and farm size. Thus, it is vital to consider these factors while assessing farmers’ behaviour in a risky prospect.
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Joshi, Gauri, Vasundhara Sen, and Monica Kunte. "Do Star Ratings Matter?" International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 11, no. 4 (October 2020): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2020100104.
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Increasing environmental concerns have resulted in consumers indulging in conserving energy by curtailing energy usage rather than switching to energy efficient practices. Energy efficient appliances (EEAs) offer the dual advantages of appliance usage with reduced energy consumption. Research suggests that use of such appliances, in residences is limited. This study was thus undertaken to understand individual resident's awareness towards EEAs and factors influencing their purchase. A qualitative approach consisting of 31 personal interviews were conducted with individuals from socio-economic categories A1, A2 and B1. While awareness of EEAs was present among respondents; benefits of using such appliances were neither widely known nor easily quantifiable. Purchase decisions were ruled by appliance price but did not deter adoption, the availability of appliances in desired aesthetics and family involvement in purchase decision. Higher penetration of such appliances can be ensured if consumers can estimate exact savings in monthly electricity bills due to EEAs at the time of purchase.
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Mawardi, Rizal, and Laela Lanjarsih. "Do Audit Fees and Characteristics of CEO Decrease Audit Delay in Mandatory IFRS Adoption?" Binus Business Review 11, no. 3 (November 10, 2020): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v11i3.6338.
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The research examined characteristics of CEO and audit fees on audit delay related to changes in mandatory IFRS adoption. In the setting, gender and audit fees were the level of risk tolerance, overconfidence, diligence, and monitoring intensity. As a result, these individual differences were likely to be reflected in audit delay in financial reporting decisions. Using firm data levels between 2008 and 2016 with multivariate regression, the researchers provided empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that the characteristics of CEO and audit fees were the determinants of audit delay. There are several findings. First, the financial expertise of the CEO has more significant percentages in mandatory IFRS adoption than voluntary IFRS adoption. It is associated with a shorter delay. Second, having a female CEO and appointing a female and minority CEO will increase the likelihood that firms will issue financial reports more timely. Third, higher audit fees in mandatory than voluntary IFRS adoption can decrease audit delay.
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Young-Hyman, Trevor, and Adam M. Kleinbaum. "Meso-Foundations of Interorganizational Relationships: How Team Power Structures Shape Partner Novelty." Organization Science 31, no. 6 (November 2020): 1385–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1356.
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Novel external partnerships are valuable but risky, and scholars have examined the organization- and individual-level determinants of firms’ decisions to pursue these new relationships. Yet, in organizations performing complex and knowledge-intensive work, decisions about interorganizational relationships are often made within teams. We characterize these decisions as a two-stage process in which a team member proposes a partner and other team members respond, supporting or challenging the proposal. As novel partnerships are risky, and power is a key determinant of risk-taking propensity, we argue that the power of team members—both those who initiate proposals and those who respond—will shape the likelihood that the team will pursue a novel external partnership. Using personnel data from project teams in an automated equipment design and build firm, we find that the effect of power on the likelihood of novel partner adoption depends on both the type of power and the role of the person in the decision process. Novel partner selection is more likely when those initiating proposals hold formal structural power but less likely when initiators hold informal power. Both the formal and informal power of the initiator’s teammates attenuate the effect of initiator power, such that the more power one’s teammates have, the less one’s own power will affect the likelihood of novel external partner selection. Finally, we provide evidence that these effects on likelihood of novel partner adoption are as materially consequential for project outcomes as other strategic choices available to project teams. These findings have implications for the intraorganizational determinants of interorganizational networks.
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Deering, Patricia, Arthur Tatnall, and Stephen Burgess. "Adoption of ICT in Rural Medical General Practices in Australia." International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 2, no. 1 (January 2010): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jantti.2010071603.
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ICT has been used in medical General Practice throughout Australia now for some years, but although most General Practices make use of ICT for administrative purposes such as billing, prescribing and medical records, many individual General Practitioners themselves do not make full use of these ICT systems for clinical purposes. The decisions taken in the adoption of ICT in general practice are very complex, and involve many actors, both human and non-human. This means that actor-network theory offers a most suitable framework for its analysis. This article investigates how GPs in a rural Division of General Practice not far from Melbourne considered the adoption and use of ICT. The study reported in the article shows that, rather than characteristics of the technology itself, it is often seemingly unimportant human issues that determine if and how ICT is used in General Practice.