Journal articles on the topic 'Indigenous Urban Landscape'
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1
Qin, Xu. "The Study on Urban Landscape Suitability Index of Indigenous Arbors, Shrubs In Nanchang." E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128302009.
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This paper through brainstorming, the Delphi method, and in-meeting & after-meeting method, screening out suitability evaluation indicators of indigenous arbors，shrubs plants for urban landscapes in Nanchang. It sets up the suitability evaluation indicator system of indigenous arbors, shrubs to urban landscapes in Nanchang. To improve bio-diversity in cities, we need to focus on indigenous plants in greening initiatives. In this study, the indigenous plants in Nanchang were investigated to analyze the current situations of indigenous plants in this region and their application in urban greening in Nanchang. The problems in using indigenous plants for greening in Nanchang City were analyzed and corresponding suggestions were made.
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Qin, Xu. "The Study on Urban Landscape Suitability Index of Indigenous Vines In Nanchang." E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128302014.
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This paper through brainstorming, the Delphi method, and in-meeting & after-meeting method, screening out suitability evaluation indicators of indigenous vines for urban landscapes in Nanchang. It sets up the suitability evaluation indicator system of indigenous vines to urban landscapes in Nanchang. The suitability index of 41 kinds of indigenous vines in Nanchang was calculated. Besides, 24 kinds of indigenous vines with a comprehensive score of more than 60 which were recommended by Nanchang were put forward. With these efforts, this paper can provide sufficient basis for the application of indigenous plants in vertical greening in Nanchang.
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Qin, Xu. "Resources Investigation of Indigenous Plants in Nanchang and Their Application in Urban Landscape." E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128302015.
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To improve bio-diversity in cities, we need to focus on indigenous plants in greening initiatives. In this study, the indigenous plants in Nanchang were investigated to analyze the current situations of indigenous plants in this region and their application in urban greening in Nanchang. The problems in using indigenous plants for greening in Nanchang City were analyzed and corresponding suggestions were made.
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du Toit, Marié J., D. Johan Kotze, and Sarel S. Cilliers. "Quantifying Long-Term Urban Grassland Dynamics: Biotic Homogenization and Extinction Debts." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051989.
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Sustainable urban nature conservation calls for a rethinking of conventional approaches. Traditionally, conservationists have not incorporated the history of the landscape in management strategies. This study shows that extant vegetation patterns are correlated to past landscapes indicating potential extinction debts. We calculated urban landscape measures for seven time periods (1938–2019) and correlated it to three vegetation sampling events (1995, 2012, 2019) using GLM models. We also tested whether urban vegetation was homogenizing. Our results indicated that urban vegetation in our study area is not currently homogenizing but that indigenous forb species richness is declining significantly. Furthermore, long-term studies are essential as the time lags identified for different vegetation sampling periods changed as well as the drivers best predicting these changes. Understanding these dynamics are critical to ensuring sustainable conservation of urban vegetation for future citizens.
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Valijärvi, Riitta-Liisa, and Lily Kahn. "The linguistic landscape of Nuuk, Greenland." Linguistic Landscape. An international journal 6, no. 3 (June 22, 2020): 265–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ll.19010.val.
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Abstract The purpose of this article is to present and analyse public and private signs in the Linguistic Landscape of Nuuk, the capital of Greenland. Nuuk is a trilingual environment including the indigenous language (West Greenlandic), the former colonial language (Danish), and a global language (English). West Greenlandic is a somewhat unusual case among indigenous languages in colonial and postcolonial settings because it is a statutory national language with a vigorous use. Our analysis examines the use of West Greenlandic, Danish, and English from the theoretical perspective of centre vs. periphery, devoting attention to the primary audiences (local vs. international) and chief functions (informational vs. symbolic) of the signs. As the first investigation into the Greenlandic Linguistic Landscape, our analysis can contribute to research on signs in urban multilingual indigenous language settings.
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Davidson, Jenna L. "Canadian Federalism, Indigenous-state Relations, and the Algonquin Land Claim." Canadian Planning and Policy / Aménagement et politique au Canada 2022 (November 16, 2022): 114–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/cpp-apc.v2022i1.14081.
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The Algonquin Land Claim negotiations have been ongoing for over 25 years in Ontario and will be the province’s first modern-day constitutionally protected treaty. Traditional territories of the Algonquin Anishinaabeg under claim include areas in the Ottawa River Valley and the City of Ottawa itself. As a result, this land claim is unique in jurisdictional complexity, situated in urban landscapes that are heavily populated and developed, as well as rural areas that feature cottage country, hunting and fishing camps, provincial parks and natural resource projects. To answer the question: what is the process for negotiating lands for transfer to Indigenous communities within urban and rural contexts? This research investigates the Algonquin Land Claim case study within Canada’s current jurisprudential landscape of Indigenous sovereignty and recognition, and the implications it has for land use planning in Ontario. As a practical profession operating within relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities, the study explores planning practices in the context of negotiating a modern-day treaty. This recount of Canada’s legislative history and its interaction with Indigenous nations infuses many references to the fundamental attributes of Canadian federalism, Indigenous jurisdiction and the tensions that lie between the two concepts.
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Albro, Robert. "Cholo Politics and Urban Indigenous Self-Fashioning in Bolivia." Bolivian Studies Journal/Revista de Estudios Bolivianos 25 (May 11, 2020): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2019.216.
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This article reviews recent ethnographic approaches to indigeneity in Bolivia from the global north. It examines some consequences of ethnographic choices to treat indigeneity as primarily a political challenge of power and inclusion, where indigenous identity is understood to be most characteristically expressed in collective terms or through social mobilization. At the same time, it also assesses a complementary ethnographic focus upon legacies of neoliberalism, as a major context for situating contemporary indigenous projects in Bolivia, specifically, ethnographic contrasts drawn between political indigeneity and the liberal subject. Finally, this article offers an account of indigenous sense-making for the urban landscape of Quillacollo and explores the relevance of indigenous claims as integral to that small city’s “cholo politics,” and as an alternative means of understanding the construction of indigenous subjects.
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Sinamai, Ashton. "Ivhu rinotsamwa: Landscape Memory and Cultural Landscapes in Zimbabwe and Tropical Africa." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 21, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.21.1.2022.3836.
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Perceptions of the various cultural landscapes of tropical Africa continue to be overdetermined by western philosophies. This is, of course, a legacy of colonialism and the neo-colonial global politics that dictate types of knowledge, and direct flows of knowledge. Knowledges of the communities of former colonised countries are seen as ancillary at best, and at worst, irrational. However, such ‘indigenous knowledge’ systems contain information that could transform how we think about cultural landscapes, cultural heritage, and the conception of 'intangible heritage’. In many non-western societies, the landscape shapes culture; rather than human culture shaping the landscape – which is the notion that continues to inform heritage. Such a human-centric experience of landscape and heritage displaces the ability to experience the sensorial landscape. This paper outlines how landscapes are perceived in tropical Africa, with an example from Zimbabwe, and how this perception can be used to enrich mainstream archaeology, anthropology, and cultural heritage studies. Landscapes have a memory of their own, which plays a part in creating the ‘ruins’ we research or visit. Such landscape memory determines the preservation of heritage as well as human memory. The paper thus advocates for the inclusion of ‘indigenous knowledge’ systems in the widening of the theoretical base of archaeology, anthropology, and heritage studies.
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Koski, Ronda, and William Jacobi. "Tree Pathogen Survival in Chipped Wood Mulch." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 30, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2004.020.
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Uncomposted wood chips are often used as landscape mulches. Chips are commonly derived from landscape trees removed because they were in poor health and often contained plant pests. Chips are also derived from pallets and other wood packing materials that may harbor indigenous and exotic plant pathogens. A study was initiated to determine how long a fungal plant pathogen could survive in uncomposted wood chip mulch in an urban landscape. Thyronectria austroamericana, the causal agent of Thyronectria canker in honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) trees, was used to inoculate branches of honeylocust trees. Cankered branch pieces were placed into mulched areas surrounding honeylocust trees growing under two irrigation regimes. Thyronectria austroamericana recovered from cankered wood pieces after 98 weeks produced cankers when inoculated into branches of honeylocust trees. Irrigation regimes did not affect recovery of the fungus. Cankered wood pieces remained a source of inoculum for 143 weeks after placement in the mulched areas. Due to the longevity of pathogen survival, uncomposted mulch derived from honeylocust trees infected with T. austroamericana should not be placed around honeylocust trees in urban landscapes. Using uncomposted wood chips derived from wood packing materials could increase the risk of introducing exotic plant pathogens to urban landscapes.
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THRUSH, COLL. "City of the Changers." Pacific Historical Review 75, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 89–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2006.75.1.89.
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Between the 1880s and the 1930s indigenous people continued to eke out traditional livings along the waterways and shorelines of Seattle's urbanizing and industrializing landscape. During those same years, however, the city's civic leaders and urban planners oversaw massive transformations of that landscape, including the creation of a ship canal linking Puget Sound with Lake Washington and the straightening of the Duwamish River. These transformations typified the modernizing ethos that sought to improve nature to ameliorate or even end social conflict. The struggle of the Duwamish and other local indigenous people to survive urban change, as well as the efforts by residents of nearby Indian reservations to maintain connections to places within the city, illustrate the complex, ironic legacies of Seattle's environmental history. They also show the ways in which urban and Native history are linked through both material and discursive practices.
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Low Choy, Darryl, Jenny Wadsworth, and Darren Burns. "Seeing the landscape through new eyes: identifying and incorporating indigenous landscape values into regional planning processes." Australian Planner 47, no. 3 (September 2010): 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2010.509337.
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Rastandeh, Amin, Maibritt Pedersen Zari, Daniel K. Brown, and Robert Vale. "Utilising exotic flora in support of urban indigenous biodiversity: lessons for landscape architecture." Landscape Research 43, no. 5 (May 31, 2017): 708–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2017.1315063.
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Hipp, Billy, Susan Alexander, and Tim Knowles. "Use of Resource-Efficient Plants to Reduce Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Pesticide Runoff in Residential and Commercial Landscapes." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0422.
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Runoff from typical urban and suburban landscapes may contain significant levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and a broad spectrum of various pesticides (mainly herbicides and insecticides) due to excessive application rates of these chemicals and high irrigation requirements of most commonly used landscape plant species. Preliminary water quality data (runoff) from a comparative study of 20 microwatersheds using 4 different levels of maintenance, show reductions in these types of pollutants in runoff for microwatersheds planted to resource efficient plants. Utilization of plants indigenous to an ecoregion (and other resource efficient plants) in landscape design and management allows considerable reduction in inputs from fertilizer, water, and pesticides. This results in lower pollutant concentrations in runoff and is estimated to result in lower total pollutant loadings from such systems. Installation of native or resource efficient plants in new developments (commercial and residential) and replacement of existing landscapes with these plants as older plants die or neighborhoods are updated could provide cities and suburban areas with a cost-effective, low-maintenance, and aesthetically-pleasing pollution control technology. Data from the comparative study should provide municipalities charged with meeting the new requirements of the National Pollutant Elimination Discharge System with a way to compare the pollution prevention effectiveness of resource-efficient landscapes with more traditional structural urban runoff controls.
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Butsykina, Y. O. "VERNACULAR DESIGN AS VISUAL PRACTICE OF URBAN SPACE ORGANIZATION." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 1 (6) (2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2020.1(6).01.
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Article discusses specific status of the vernacular design in the visual style of the modern Ukrainian city, where indigenous dwellers coexist with those who came recently from the country. The vernacular regions in Ukrainian cities are analyzed as complex, eclectic and grass-roots. The vernacular design is understood within the complex cultural environment, where different traditions and cultural identities coexist. The terms "vernacular life", "vernacular landscape" are explicated. The vernacular landscape is interpreted in the context of the everyday human activities brought into the public urban spaces. The crucial characteristic (amateur, brutal, trying to be visible and being invisible, economical, tactical, irrational, anachronistic) and the main principles (constraint, thrift, durability, commonness) of the vernacular design are studied within the interpretive context of urban culture collective identity.
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Ejarque, Ana, Ramon Julià, Pere Castanyer, Hector A. Orengo, Josep Maria Palet, and Santiago Riera. "Landscape footprints of peopling and colonisation from the Late Bronze Age to Antiquity in the coastal hinterland of Emporion-Emporiae, NE Iberia." Holocene 32, no. 4 (January 6, 2022): 280–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836211066597.
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The Empordà plain attests to a remarkable mixture of Late-Holocene cultural exchanges and colonial processes. This includes the founding of Emporion, the earliest Greek colony in Iberia, and of the Roman city of Emporiae. This study aims at assessing landscape changes related to indigenous and colonial settlement in this unique scenario where the shaping of cultural landscapes occurred within a dynamic coastal ecosystem. We carried out a high-temporal resolution palaeoenvironmental study in Els Estanys, a palaeowetland located in the vicinity of Emporion-Emporiae. Palynological, sedimentological and geochemical indicators were coupled with available archaeological and archaeobotanical data-sets. Between 1100 and 800 cal BC, the settling of Urnfield Late Bronze societies resulted in the sustained clearance of woodlands and moderate agropastoral exploitation of coastal ranges. During this period, marine-influenced lagoonal areas were poorly exploited. During the Iron Age (800–450 cal BC), a threshold in the landscape construction of the area occurred with the first pastoral exploitation of lagoonal areas, intensified cereal cultivation, controlled burning, and enhanced deforestation following the settlement of Iberian groups. Greek colonisation (580–200 cal BC), did not trigger intensified farming exploitation or landscape clearance, nor did it imply the introduction of new land uses or crops in the hinterland. Exploitation of the latter continued relying on cereal cultivation and grazing, as before, suggesting the permanence of indigenous landscapes and practices in the hinterland. To the contrary, urban and periurban landscapes played a significant role in the construction of the colonial landscape with the introduction of olive groves likely as ornamental trees. Roman conquest and colonisation of the area constituted a new threshold in the occupation and management of the hinterland with (1) intensified rural settlement; (2) expansion of wet pastures and removal of littoral woodlands; (3) development of diversified cropping activities; and (4) development of mining and smelting activities.
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Morozova, Arina O., Kelsey E. Nyland, and Vera V. Kuklina. "Taiga Landscape Degradation Evidenced by Indigenous Observations and Remote Sensing." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031751.
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Siberian taiga is subject to intensive logging and natural resource exploitation, which promote the proliferation of informal roads: trails and unsurfaced service roads neither recognized nor maintained by the government. While transportation development can improve connectivity between communities and urban centers, new roads also interfere with Indigenous subsistence activities. This study quantifies Land-Cover and Land-Use Change (LCLUC) in Irkutsk Oblast, northwest of Lake Baikal. Observations from LCLUC are used in spatial autocorrelation analysis with roads to identify and examine major drivers of transformations of social–ecological–technological systems. Spatial analysis results are informed by interviews with local residents and Indigenous Evenki, local development history, and modern industrial and political actors. A comparison of relative changes observed within and outside Evenki-administered lands (obshchina) was also conducted. The results illustrate: (1) the most persistent LCLUC is related to change from coniferous to peatland (over 4% of decadal change); however, during the last decade, extractive and infrastructure development have become the major driver of change leading to conversion of 10% of coniferous forest into barren land; (2) anthropogenic-driven LCLUC in the area outside obshchina lands was three times higher than within during the980s and 1990s and more than 1.5 times higher during the following decades.
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Cummings, Anthony R., Nakul Markandey, Hannah Das, Celina Arredondo, Aaran Wehenkel, Brittany L. Tiemann, and Giyol Lee. "The Spill Over of Crime from Urban Centers: An Account of the Changing Spatial Distribution of Violent Crime in Guyana." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 11 (October 25, 2019): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8110481.
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As the rate of crime decelerates in the developed world, the opposite phenomenon is being observed in the developing world, including Latin America and the Caribbean. Crime in Latin America and the Caribbean has been concentrated in urban settings, but the expertise for studying crime and providing guidance on policing remain heavily rooted in the developed world. A hindrance to studying crime in the developing world is the difficulty in obtaining official data, allowing for generalizations on where crime is concentrated to persist. This paper tackles two challenges facing crime analysis in the developing world: the availability of data and an examination of whether crime is concentrated in urban settings. We utilized newspaper archival data to study the spatial distribution of crime in Guyana, South America, across the landscape, and in relation to rural indigenous villages. Three spatial analysis tools, hotspot analysis, mean center, and standard deviation ellipse were used to examine the changing distribution of crime across 20 years. Based on 3900 reports of violent crime, our analyses suggest that the center of the gravity of crime changed over the years, spilling over to indigenous peoples’ landscapes. An examination of murder, where firearms and bladed weapons were the weapons of choice, suggests that these weapons moved beyond the coastal zone. The movement of weapons away from the coast raises concerns for the security of indigenous peoples and their associated wildlife. Our analysis suggests that policing measures should seek to extend towards Amerindian landscapes, and this is perhaps indicative of Latin American states with demographics similar to Guyana’s.
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Wang, Nian, Ming Fang, Michelle Beauchamp, Ziyu Jia, and Zhengxu Zhou. "An indigenous knowledge-based sustainable landscape for mountain villages: The Jiabang rice terraces of Guizhou, China." Habitat International 111 (May 2021): 102360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2021.102360.
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Evans, S. M., F. J. C. Fletcher, P. J. Loader, and F. G. Rooksby. "Habitat exploitation by landbirds in the changing Western Samoan environment." Bird Conservation International 2, no. 2 (June 1992): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900002355.
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SummaryThe avifauna of Western Samoa is dominated by indigenous species, including several endemic ones. They are primarily birds of the rainforest and, since the islands have already suffered severe loss of this habitat and there is likely to be increased pressure on it in the future, their long-term prospects are not good. At present, introduced, non-native birds are not a threat to indigenous species, being confined largely to urban habitats, and there is little interaction with forest species. Several indigenous species exploit manmodified habitats, however, and it is possible that, as has occurred elsewhere, some of them may adapt fully to urban life.
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Florgård, Clas. "Preservation of indigenous vegetation in urban areas—an introduction." Landscape and Urban Planning 68, no. 4 (June 2004): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(03)00147-6.
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Butler, Sally. "Inalienable Signs and Invited Guests: Australian Indigenous Art and Cultural Tourism." Arts 8, no. 4 (December 6, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8040161.
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Australian Indigenous people promote their culture and country in the context of tourism in a variety of ways but the specific impact of Indigenous fine art in tourism is seldom examined. Indigenous people in Australia run tourism businesses, act as cultural guides, and publish literature that help disseminate Indigenous perspectives of place, homeland, and cultural knowledge. Governments and public and private arts organisations support these perspectives through exposure of Indigenous fine art events and activities. This exposure simultaneously advances Australia’s international cultural diplomacy, trade, and tourism interests. The quantitative impact of Indigenous fine arts (or any art) on tourism is difficult to assess beyond exhibition attendance and arts sales figures. Tourism surveys on the impact of fine arts are rare and often necessarily limited in scope. It is nevertheless useful to consider how the quite pervasive visual presence of Australian Indigenous art provides a framework of ideas for visitors about relationships between Australian Indigenous people and place. This research adopts a theoretical model of ‘performing cultural landscapes’ to examine how Australian Indigenous art might condition tourists towards Indigenous perspectives of people and place. This is quite different to traditional art historical hermeneutics that considers the meaning of artwork. I argue instead that in the context of cultural tourism, Australian Indigenous art does not convey specific meaning so much as it presents a relational model of cultural landscape that helps condition tourists towards a public realm of understanding Indigenous peoples’ relationship to place. This relational mode of seeing involves a complex psychological and semiotic framework of inalienable signification, visual storytelling, and reconciliation politics that situates tourists as ‘invited guests’. Particular contexts of seeing under discussion include the visibility of reconciliation politics, the remote art centre network, and Australia’s urban galleries.
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Van Long, Nguyen, Yuning Cheng, and Tu Dam Ngoc Le. "Flood-resilient urban design based on the indigenous landscape in the city of Can Tho, Vietnam." Urban Ecosystems 23, no. 3 (February 16, 2020): 675–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-020-00941-3.
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Villarreal, Aimee. "Sanctuaryscapes in the North American Southwest." Radical History Review 2019, no. 135 (October 1, 2019): 43–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-7607821.
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AbstractThis article reclaims the historicity and sanctity of sanctuary as a dynamic cultural and spiritual practice and Indigenous survival strategy cultivated in regions of refuge and rebellion in the Americas. Tracing heterogeneous configurations of sanctuary in the North American Southwest during the Spanish colonial period, it compares the institution of church asylum with cross-tribal Indigenous sanctuary place-making and traditions of radical hospitality. As Indigenous people became refugees in their own homeland they capitalized on their knowledge of the landscape and banded with other persecuted and displaced peoples in “sanctuaryscapes,” vast autonomous regions and insurgent urban centers where new pan-Indigenous solidarities and identities emerged. Locating sanctuary practices within specific regional cartographies and social relations substantiates diverse autochthonous traditions of sanctuary that dramatically reorient and revitalize the origin stories that animate and also validate contemporary sanctuary movements and practices.
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Buckingham, Louisa. "Race, space and commerce in multi-ethnic Costa Rica: a linguistic landscape inquiry." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2018, no. 254 (October 25, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2018-0031.
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Abstract Costa Rica officially became a multi-ethnic, pluricultural nation in 2015. Representatives from the principal minorities, in particular Afro-Costa Ricans and indigenous peoples, played an important role in contesting the erstwhile dominant narrative of Costa Rican’s white European settler heritage. One of the intended consequences of the constitutional amendment was to ensure greater salience of ethnic minorities in public policy and social life. This study investigates the public display of linguistic and cultural diversity on commercial and community signage in six urban centres of Limón, the most ethnically diverse province. Undertaken in the same year as the constitutional amendment, the study examines the inclusion of languages and cultural references attributable to three main minority groups (Afro-Caribbean, Chinese and indigenous), and more recent migrant settlers, in public space. Greater salience was found in locations appearing to target a local readership; references to indigenous cultures were almost completely absent, however. Changes in the public narrative on Costa Rican identity may gradually encourage greater salience of official minority groups on public signage. An immediate challenge entails the effects of the expanding tourism sector, as this appears to favour a proliferation of decontextualized international cultural references rather than an appreciation of locality and historical rootedness.
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Sheppard, Lola. "Nunavut Urban Futures: Vernaculars, Informality and Tactics (Research Note)." Études Inuit Studies 44, no. 1-2 (September 27, 2021): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1081808ar.
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The Canadian Arctic, and Nunavut in particular, is one of the fastest-growing regions per capita in the country, raising the question as to what might constitute an emerging Arctic Indigenous urbanism. One of the cultural challenges of urbanizing Canadian North is that for most Indigenous peoples, permanent settlement, and its imposed spatial, temporal, economic, and institutional structures, has been antithetical to traditional ways of life and culture, which are deeply tied to the land and to seasons. For the past seventy-five years, architecture, infrastructure, and settlement form have been imported models serving as spatial tools of cultural colonization that have intentionally erased local culture and ignored geographic specificities. As communities in Nunavut continue to grow at a rapid rate, new planning frameworks are urgently needed. This paper outlines three approaches that could constitute the beginning of more culturally reflexive planning practices for Nunavut: (1) redefining the northern urban vernacular and its role in design; (2) challenging the current top-down masterplan by embracing strategies of informal urbanism; and (3) encouraging planning approaches that embrace territorial strategies and are more responsive to geography, landscape, and seasonality.
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Schumacher, Melissa, María Guizar Villalvazo, Anne Kristiina Kurjenoja, and Pamela Durán-Díaz. "The Writ of Amparo and Indigenous Consultation as Instruments to Enforce Inclusive Land Management in San Andrés Cholula, Mexico." Land 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010009.
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In 2019, residents of the rural district of San Rafael Comac in the municipality of San Andrés Cholula, Mexico, challenged the implementation of the 2018 Municipal Program for Sustainable Urban Development of San Andrés Cholula (MPSUD), a rapacious urban-planning policy that was negatively affecting ancestral communities—pueblos originarios—and their lands and traditions. In 2020, a legal instrument called the writ of amparo was proven effective in ordering the repeal of the MPSUD and demanding an Indigenous consultation, based on the argument of self-recognition of local and Indigenous identity. Such identity would grant them the specific land rights contained in the Mexican Constitution and in international treaties. To explain their Indigenous identity in the writ of amparo, they referred to an established ancient socio-spatial system of organization that functioned beyond administrative boundaries: the Mesoamerican altepetl system. The altepetl, consisting of the union between land and people, is appointed in the writ of amparo as the foundation of their current form of socio-spatial organization. This paper is a land-policy review of the MPSUD and the writ of amparo, with a case-study approach for San Rafael Comac, based on a literature review. The research concludes that Indigenous consultation is a key tool and action for empowerment towards responsible land-management in a context where private urban-development impinges on traditional land uses and customs, and could be beneficial for traditional communities in Mexico and other Latin American countries.
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Watkin Lui, Felecia, Natalie Stoeckl, Aurélie Delisle, Milena Kiatkoski Kim, and Helene Marsh. "Motivations for Sharing Bushmeat with an Urban Diaspora in Indigenous Australia." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 21, no. 4 (May 27, 2016): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2016.1158334.
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Brzuszek, Robert F., Richard L. Harkess, and Susan J. Mulley. "Landscape Architects' Use of Native Plants in the Southeastern United States." HortTechnology 17, no. 1 (January 2007): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.17.1.78.
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In their efforts to provide better land stewardship and management, landscape architects are increasingly addressing site ecology in a wide variety of project types. From urban developments to rural properties, designers are using more sustainable design and management techniques, which include the expanded use of regional native plants. This survey study explores the use of native plants by landscape architects in the southeastern United States. Survey results show that southeastern United States designers are using a significant proportion of regional native plant species in their project specifications. Rather than using native plants strictly for conservation measures, landscape architects have found local species to be better suited to difficult or unique site conditions. The findings show that there is potential for expansion in the production and marketing of plant species indigenous to the southeastern United States.
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Harper, Michael J., Michael A. McCarthy, and Rodney van der Ree. "The use of nest boxes in urban natural vegetation remnants by vertebrate fauna." Wildlife Research 32, no. 6 (2005): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04106.
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Nest boxes are routinely installed as a substitute for natural tree hollows to provide den and nest sites for a range of hollow-utilising fauna. We installed 120 nest boxes in 20 patches of indigenous vegetation (remnants) across the urban/suburban landscape of Melbourne, south-eastern Australia, and investigated their use by indigenous and exotic vertebrate species over a period of 12 months. Nest-box use was dominated by the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), the common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) and the common myna (Acridotheres tristis), an aggressive introduced bird. We found that brushtail and ringtail possums utilised nest boxes all year round but more frequently in cooler months (May–August). Common mynas dominated nest-box use during spring/summer, potentially reducing the availability of this resource to indigenous species. We found evidence that the probability of a nest box being occupied by either species of possum was greater in remnants with abundant possum populations. Brushtail possums preferred thick-walled pine nest boxes over thin-walled plywood nest boxes, most likely owing to differences in their thermal insulation properties. Although considerable economic costs would be involved in using nest boxes as a long-term substitute for hollow-bearing trees, nest boxes may provide a temporary hollow resource until hollow-bearing trees are recruited in urban remnants.
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Gritsenko, Galina. "Ethno-Religious Character of Urban Space in the Context of Social and Cultural Stability in an Instable Multi-Ethnic Region." Logos et Praxis, no. 3 (December 2019): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.3.15.
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The author considers the dynamics of ethno-religious interactions of representatives of different nationalities in the predominantly Russian-speaking regional community. As a result of establishing the North Caucasus Federal district, the local ethno-cultural and religious landscapes of the urban space of the Stavropol territory were reconfigured. According to sociological studies, due to qualitative changes in the structure of the ethno-religious landscape in the first decade of the twenty-first century, ethnicity and religiosity acquired a conflictogenic character and provoked ethno-confessional conflicts in the urban environment. The article shows that socio-cultural factors played a significant role among the conflict factors. First and foremost, it is the simplification of the education system, manifested in formation of unscholarly youth, and clericalization of the regional component in education leading to decline in teaching of the Russian language in the North Caucasus republics, to ethnic interpretations of historical events, to the increase of number of young people who do not know the state language. The decline in the level of education of some of the natives of the North Caucasian republics was manifested in the aggravation of interethnic and interfaith interactions between the indigenous inhabitants of the urban environment and natives of the republics of the North Caucasus. Destabilizing ethnoconfessional relations factor is the frequent use of the national (non-Russian) language in public places of traditionally Russian-speaking environment. The article reveals the joint activities of the authorities and civil society institutions, primarily diasporas and religious organizations, to give ethnicity and religiosity a peacemaking content, to ensure a conflict-free ethnoreligious situation, to reduce tensions in the sphere of ethnic and religious relations. As a result of this work, sociocultural stability was achieved in the urban space of the multi-ethnic region. At the same time, the study of the ethno-religious landscape of the urban environment indicates the presence of potential conditions for the emergence of new conflict-related threats, one of which may be neophism. This situation requires the development of a clear algorithm of actions to prevent radicalism among neophytes. The ethno-religious landscape of the urban space of the Stavropol territory is contradictory: socio-cultural stability in the multi-ethnic region is supported by joint actions of authorities and civil society institutions, but the mosaic of the ethno-religious landscape is used by radical forces to spread radicalism and ethno-confessional conflicts.
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Brom, Peta, Les G. Underhill, and Kevin Winter. "A review of the opportunities to support pollinator populations in South African cities." PeerJ 10 (March 11, 2022): e12788. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12788.
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Globally insects are declining, but some guilds of pollinators are finding refuge in urban landscapes. The body of knowledge on urban pollinators is relatively mature, which means it is now possible to begin to make generalization. Unfortunately, studies do not represent climatic regions evenly and there is a gap in research from the African continent. This study aimed to address some of the gaps on urban pollination knowledge in South Africa and to identify opportunities to improve urban habitats for pollinators. We reviewed the international literature on urban pollinators and the South African literature on pollinators with a landscape ecology focus, drawing on literature with an emphasis on agricultural and ecosystem services. The findings show that some taxa (e.g. large-bodied, cavity nesting bees) will exploit urban environments increasing in abundance with urban intensity. Moderately sensitive taxa (such as small-bodied, ground-nesting bees) take advantage of urban environments only if local habitats are supportive of their needs for resource provision and habitat connectivity. The South African urban poor rely on pollination services for subsistence agriculture and the reproduction of wild-foraged medicines and food. Potential interventions to improve habitat quality include strategic mowing practices, conversion of turf-grass to floral rich habitats, scientific confirmation of lists of highly attractive flowers, and inclusion of small-scale flower patches throughout the urban matrix. Further research is needed to fill the Africa gap for both specialized and generalized pollinators (Diptera, Halictids, Lepidoptera and Hopliini) in urban areas where ornamental and indigenous flowering plants are valued.
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Thrush, Coll. "The Iceberg and the Cathedral: Encounter, Entanglement, and Isuma in Inuit London." Journal of British Studies 53, no. 1 (January 2014): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.212.
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AbstractIn 1772, entrepreneur George Cartwright brought five Inuit people to England from Nunatsiavut (Labrador). Most of their time was spent in London, where they encountered many of the city's sights and experienced its social divisions and environmental conditions. This article explores their voyage, challenging the notion that “primitives” such as the Inuit visitors were necessarily awed into submission by the urban landscape. Rather, they understood it according to their own cultural logics and even articulated critiques of the city. Illustrating the entanglement of urban and Inuit spaces and places across the Atlantic, and ending by telling the story of the death of four of the five visitors from smallpox in 1773, the article argues for a new kind of scholarship that shows connections between Indigenous and urban histories at the transoceanic and imperial levels.
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Hopkinson, Natalie. "Fluorescent Flags: Black Power, Publicity, and Counternarratives in Go-Go Street Posters in the 1980s." Communication, Culture and Critique 13, no. 3 (May 23, 2020): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ccc/tcz058.
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Abstract This semiotic landscape analysis probes urban patterns of racial placement and displacement through an archive of music publicity posters. The music poster archive is a site to map the so-called “Chocolate City” of Washington, D.C., in the 1980s, explore its calendars, rhythms, textures, communication technology, history and movements of segregated black life. These posters advertising go-go music, the city's indigenous black popular music, asserted a territory of black economic, cultural and political power. They resisted the narrative of a sanitized “White City” designed for white tourists. The city's cultural entrepreneurs challenged false dominant narratives and public policies that marginalized black urban culture as dangerous and deviant. A crack-down on postering in the late 1990s was an early harbinger of gentrification.
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Noodin, Margaret. "Wanitoon ani Mikan Odenang: Anishinaabe Urban Loss and Reclamation." Urban History Review 48, no. 2 (April 2021): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/uhr.48.2.02.
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This article focuses on the loss of identity through cartographic colonization. From an Anishinaabe perspective, many of the most diverse urban centers in the Great Lakes region of North America are currently located in bays, along shorelines or at the confluence of lakes and rivers. Over time these places have changed, yet many of them have remained for centuries. Identifying some of the oldest cities before and after colonization, a period known as the time of disruption, reveals a spectrum of ideas related to the experience of loss, which in Anishinaabemowin is wanitoon, and the act of reclaiming and remembering, which is mikan. Using multiple languages and genres, offering definitions, descriptions and several poems originally composed in Anishinaabemowin and translated into English, this article asks questions about history through the lens of other languages and cultures. This methodology challenges us to see how cities are shaped by relations with the human and other-than-human world and demonstrates how cities are interconnected points. By revealing the names lying underneath colonial-era maps, we are reminded of the connections that shaped Indigenous ancestral practices, contemporary realities, and future possibilities for reconciliation. Anishinaabemowin is used as a means of historiography to trace the genealogy of urban centers and reveal the process by which the colonial landscape was constructed. By foregrounding Anishinaabe ontologies and poetics we can map reparation and social healing. As we are faced with extinction or evolution it is important to study Indigenous languages and philosophies as we seek ways to survive.
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C. Smale, M., and R. O. Gardner. "Survival of Mount Eden Bush, an urban forest remnant in Auckland, New Zealand." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 2 (1999): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990083.
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Mount Eden Bush is the only reserved fragment of primary broadleaved forest on basaltic lava on the Auckland isthmus in northern New Zealand. An edaphic variant of northern coastal short forest, the reserved forest of 0.7 ha is approximately 1-2% of the estimated original <50 ha tract and contains 84% of the vascular species recorded in it. The canopy is dominated by Griselinia lucida, Litsea calicaris, and Pseudopanax lessonii, the subcanopy by Melicytus ramiflorus, and the understorey by Coprosma macrocarpa and Macropiper excelsum. A depauperate vascular flora compared with other basaltic lava forests in the district may result from long isolation of the original tract in a deforested landscape remote from seed sources. Low tree density, low basal area, and a strongly rupestral/xerophytic ground layer reflect the drought-prone lava substrate (mean boulder cover 38%). It has probably been dominated by the adventive trailing herb Tradescantia fluminensis for >60 years (mean cover 38%), which reduces abundance of woody native seedlings and cover of native ground layer herbaceous species. Over two-fifths of the vascular flora is now alien native (all planted) or adventive, the latter almost all garden escapes from the surrounding suburban matrix and including many of the most threatening weeds of urban Auckland. Despite widespread T. fluminensis, currently important canopy/subcanopy and understorey dominants appear to be replacing themselves. In the absence of intervention, however, indigenous species are likely to become less important in the canopy and adventive Ligustrum lucidum and Prunus serrulata more important; the latter two species are respectively the second and third commonest canopyforming species regenerating in gaps. Future extinction of some indigenous species with critically small populations cannot be ruled out.
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Sukkasame, Sadanu. "Collaborative Community Design Processes in Rural and Urban Settlements in Thailand." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 17 (October 18, 2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj2019177180.
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This paper compares two contrasting processes of low-income community design in rural and urban areas in Thailand. The low-income Srabot community in the urban area is constructing a new settlement on newly purchased land. In parallel, the indigenous Banggloy community is located in the National Park as a community who were forcibly evicted from their village home to an allocated area where they constructed dwellings in the new village. Both cases were supported by housing loans and funding from the Thai Community Organizations Development Institute (CODI)1. The aim of this paper is to examine collaborative learning process based on low-income community design. Both cases employed participatory housing and planning design workshops. The urban community focused on designing the community masterplan. In contrast, the rural indigenous community concentrated on the housing design. In both projects, the occupants were encouraged to be the key actors and to decentralize the solution finding process. The outcome of workshops generated the activities and possible solutions that respect the need for the stakeholders and motivate them to continue to be active.
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Fasoli, Lyn, and Bonita Moss. "What Can We Learn from ‘Innovative’ Child Care Services? Children's Services Purposes and Practices in Australia's Northern Territory." Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 8, no. 3 (September 2007): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/ciec.2007.8.3.265.
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This article explores the diversity of services designed for young children currently operating in Australia in remote Northern Territory (NT) Indigenous communities as a provocation for the renewal and revitalisation of mainstream (typical Australian conventional, Western values oriented and urban-based) child care services. Australian society has accepted a standardised model of child care and conceptualised it as a service designed primarily for parents who work. It has become remarkably uniform in look, nature and purpose, regardless of where it is located. The article refers specifically to ‘Innovative’ Indigenous Children's Services (the term ‘Innovative’ refers to a federally funded government initiative called the ‘Innovative Child Care Scheme’, an initiative stemming from the 1992–96 National Child Care Strategy) as a new kind of children's space in the child care landscape. The authors reflect on the findings of recent research which explored what could be learned from remotely located Indigenous children's services staff, particularly in relation to the important questions the research raised for the social agendas and public policies that underpin development and theory currently shaping mainstream centre-based long day care programs.
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Monzur, Nadia. "RE-THINKING MUD HOUSE: COUNTERING THE GRADUAL SHIFT IN TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE IN NORTHERN BANGLADESH." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 12, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i2.1530.
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The diversified vernacular architecture in rural Bangladesh is the result of a constant and gradual attempt to maintain sustainability and cultural identity by using knowledge of the local environment. However, factors like natural resource scarcity and economic viability of modern construction techniques is evidently causing a rapid change in the rural landscape. A physical and questionnaire survey carried out in the area under study, namely the village Kaligram in Manda upazilla, Naogaon, revealed that, nearly sixty-percent of houses built within the last decade is concrete and brick made with little or no regards to any traditional vernacular features. Investigation of various parameters such as, mud house construction techniques, availability and preference of building materials, socio- economic changes, has revealed that the loss of precious fertile top soil, high maintenance of mud structures added with the availability and affordability of more durable materials, are some of the prime reasoning behind revising the options to brick construction. This research aims to assess the factors causing this gradual shift in the indigenous practices of mud house in the area under study and further extends onto a discussion of an alternate design approach that will exemplify a more durable, low maintenance, energy efficient yet economic building technology while acknowledging the strengths of the contextual indigenous architectural practices under debate.
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Gallagher, Frank, Nina Goodey, Diane Hagmann, Jay Singh, Claus Holzapfel, Megan Litwhiler, and Jennifer Krumins. "Urban Re-Greening: A Case Study in Multi-Trophic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in a Post-Industrial Landscape." Diversity 10, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10040119.
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The biodiversity of urban and post-industrial ecosystems is a highly relevant and growing new frontier in ecological research. Even so, the functionality of these ecosystems may not always be successfully predicted based on prior biodiversity and ecosystem functioning theory. Indeed, evidence suggests that the general biological impoverishment within the urban context envisioned thirty years ago was overstated. Many of the world’s urban centers support some degree of biodiversity that is indigenous, as well as a complex array of non-native species, resulting in highly functional, and often, novel communities. For over two decades, a multi-disciplinary team has examined the sub-lethal impact of soil metal contamination on the multi-trophic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of a post-industrial brownfield in the New York City metropolitan area. We do this through examinations of photosynthesis, carbon allocation, and soil enzyme activity as well as multi-trophic metal translocation via the plant and rhizosphere. In this paper, we synthesize the findings of our research network and apply the results to a framework of functional diversity. Due to the unique constraints many post-industrial lands impose on communities, functional diversity may be more meaningful to ecosystem health than species richness.
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Baskin, Leonid M. "River crossings as principal points of human/reindeer relationship in Eurasia." Rangifer 23, no. 5 (April 1, 2003): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.23.5.1653.
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Since prehistoric time, indigenous peoples throughout Eurasia have hunted reindeer from boats when the animals were swimming across rivers. A number of landscape peculiarities and reindeer behavior features determine the phenomena of mass reindeer river crossings at a few points. Hunting at river crossings occurs predominantly in the autumn season along migration routes of tundra and forest-tundra populations. In the past, many of the well-known river cross¬ings were in private possession by indigenous families (Anonymous, 1945). In northern Russia, since the 1970s, the reindeer river crossings became the place of commercial slaughter of reindeer. The state hunting husbandry "Taymyrsky" was established, it received licenses for hunting and then totally regulated who was permitted to hunt reindeer and where (Sarkin, 1977). Step by step, most of the indigenous peoples have been forced out of their traditional hunting locations by aggressive non-indigenous newcomers and became unemployed. Large-scale commercial hunting has led to overexploitation and the decline of reindeer populations in Yakutia and Taymyr. The sustainable use of migratory reindeer populations, as well as renaissance of hunting economies, are possible if exclusive use of some of the reindeer river crossings are returned to indigenous communities as their property, with others to be used by urban hunters and commercial enterprises under the improved state regulations and enforcement.
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Zavoleas, Yannis, Peter R. Stevens, Jenny Johnstone, and Marie Davidová. "More-Than-Human Perspective in Indigenous Cultures: Holistic Systems Informing Computational Models in Architecture, Urban and Landscape Design towards the Post-Anthropocene Epoch." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010236.
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By studying Aboriginal maps, this speculative research discusses world heritage concepts about land and merges them into western urban contexts. Assumptions concerning spatial allocation and demarcation such as boundaries, divisions and geometric patterns are being contested by ideas pertaining to Indigenous narratives expressing holistic views about community, and the ecosystem as integrated components of broader organisations. First, this paper introduces principles of the Indigenous culture spurring viable land management by shared, equal and inclusive schemes as ones that also respond to global socio-environmental challenges. Alternative strategies are being considered relating to the soft demarcation of distinct areas understood as malleable aggregates merging with each other and with the landscape’s topological features, with reference to the Aboriginal culture. The techniques being proposed are further compared with original approaches in architecture and urban design developed since late modernism, challenging enduring practices. Seen next to each other, these models of thought are suggestive of a paradigm shift by which architecture reinforces deeper connections with the intellectual, sociocultural, and natural resources of the greater cosmos. Furthermore, as these ideas are propelled by computing, they lead towards the dynamic linking of analysis with the design results producing all-sustainable structures that are widely applicable, as architecture’s contribution to the current socio-scientific discourse on holistic approaches with a more-than-human perspective.
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Nkosi, Doctor S., Thembani Moyo, and Innocent Musonda. "Unlocking Land for Urban Agriculture: Lessons from Marginalised Areas in Johannesburg, South Africa." Land 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2022): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101713.
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Amidst the global discourse on the identification of strategic land, there has been a growth in planning support systems aimed at assisting policymakers in unlocking the value of strategic land. Despite planning support systems’ immense benefit of aiding planning, there are limited planning support tools to aid communities in marginalised areas to unlock the value of land. Therefore, this study adopts a GIS-based approach to develop a planning support system to identify, quantify and visualise an index for urban agricultural land in a marginalised area. The proposed solution utilised Greater Orange farm, a marginalised area in the City of Johannesburg, as a case study to inform spatial planning for emerging economies. Using the Charrette visioning process, indigenous knowledge systems were incorporated in formulating the criteria, weights, and rulesets. The results reveal spatial sites ranked through an index where sustainable investment in urban agriculture infrastructure should be targeted. The developed index identifies suitable locations for urban agriculture infrastructure and supporting programs. Furthermore, the solution builds from the existing reservoir of PSS in Southern Africa by demonstrating the potential for planning support systems as sustainable data-based decision-making tools to inform spatial planning. Lessons emerging from this study are that there is an inseparable existential connection between indigenous knowledge systems and contemporary sustainability planning, which is critical for ensuring sustainable development.
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Kjelgren, Roger, Lixue Wang, and Daryl Joyce. "Water Deficit Stress Responses of Three Native Australian Ornamental Herbaceous Wildflower Species for Water-wise Landscapes." HortScience 44, no. 5 (August 2009): 1358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.5.1358.
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Perennial wildflower species are important but not well-understood elements in water-wise landscaping that anchors urban water conservation programs in arid climates. Comparative growth and physiological responses to soil substrate drying of three herbaceous Australian ornamental species from habitats of variable moisture regimes were investigated in the context of isohydric and anisohydric behavior. Clonal Orthosiphon aristatus, Dianella revoluta ‘Breeze’, and Ptilotus nobilis plants were container-grown individually and competitively together in two separate studies. In both studies, plants were water-stressed through cyclical dry downs. We measured stomatal conductance (g S), soil water content, and water potential during each study and osmotic adjustment estimated from pressure-volume data and plant biomass at the end of each study. O. aristatus, a rainforest species, fit a general anisohydric model of high water use and more negative water potential during soil drying until stomatal closure and leaf wilting. D. revolata and P. nobilis, indigenous to Australia's dry interior, fit a general isohydric, drought-tolerant model of stomatal closure from water deficits that moderates leaf water potential but through different mechanisms. P. nobilis and D. revolata moderate water use and maintain acceptable aesthetic performance under water stress, suitable for mixed low-water landscape plantings. O. aristatus would not be suitable for low-water urban landscapes, either isolated or in mixed plantings, because of high soil water depletion and wilting.
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Sukneva, Svetlana, and Marlene Laruelle. "A Booming City in the Far North." Sibirica 18, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sib.2019.180302.
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Many cities of Russia’s Far North face a massive population decline, with the exception of those based on oil and gas extraction in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Yet, there is one more exception to that trend: the city of Yakutsk, capital of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, whose population is booming, having grown from 186,000 in 1989 to 338,000 in 2018, This unique demographic dynamism is founded on the massive exodus of the ethnic Yakut population from rural parts of the republic to the capital city, a process that has reshaped the urban cultural landscape, making Yakutsk a genuine indigenous regional capital, the only one of its kind in the Russian Far North.
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Fitzimons, James A., Mark J. Antos, and Grant C. Palmer. "When more is less: Urban remnants support high bird abundance but diversity varies." Pacific Conservation Biology 17, no. 2 (2011): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110097.
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Urban remnant vegetation, especially where it occurs in public parks, allows for relatively easy access for ongoing biodiversity monitoring. However, relatively little baseline information on bird species distribution and abundance across a range of identifiable urban remnants appears in the published literature. We surveyed the relative abundance and distribution of birds across urban and suburban remnant vegetation in Melbourne, Australia. One hundred and six species were recorded, of which 98 were indigenous. Red wattlebirds had the highest mean relative abundance with 2.94 birds/ ha, followed by rainbow lorikeets (2.51), noisy miners (1.93), brown thornbills (1.75) and spotted doves (0.96). There was no obvious trend between overall relative abundance and the size of the remnant, in contrast to species richness which was positively correlated with remnant size. The data revealed that some species were either totally restricted to, or more abundant in, larger remnants and generally absent from smaller remnants. Some of the more common birds (crimson rosella, superb fairy-wren, spotted pardalote and black-faced cuckoo-shrike) recorded during this study were detected at similar densities to those found in comparable vegetation to the east of Melbourne within a largely forested landscape. Other species occurred at much lower densities (e.g., white-browed scrubwren, brown thornbill, eastern yellow robin and grey fantail) or had habitat requirements or ecological characteristics that could place them at risk of further decline or local extinction in the urban area. We identify a suite of bird species of potential conservation concern within Melbourne’s urban landscape. The establishment of repeatable, fixed-point, and long-term monitoring sites will allow for repeat surveying over time and provide an early warning of population declines, or conversely an indication of population increase for other species.
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Glowczewski, Barbara, and Anita Lundberg (Trans.). "Black Seed Dreaming: A Material Analysis of Bruce Pascoe’s “Dark Emu”." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 21, no. 2 (October 7, 2022): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.21.2.2022.3925.
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Indigenous Australians are outstanding for the way their ontologies and practices do not rely on a Western dichotomy that opposes material and spiritual realms. Their multiple totemic visions of the Dreaming space-time always state a material actualisation in landscape and the reproduction of all forms of life based on the pluriversal agency of animals, plants, minerals, rain, wind, fire and stars. Such cosmovisions resonate with current debates in the fields of critical posthumanism and new materialism through an Animist materialism. Indeed, Indigenous Australian’s complex social practices offer ways of thinking and being for the whole planet in this time of climate crisis. This is particularly crucial for the tropical world which is so strongly impacted by climate change. Indigenous Australian cosmovisions offer to tropical studies a way of thinking politically about climate and the materiality of life. Thus, Tropical Materialisms are enhanced by the vast body of Indigenous experiences and creative productions in and beyond the tropics. The material analysis of the Aboriginal author Bruce Pascoe’s Dark Emu, demonstrates how the book dared to challenge the Western written history, and to show a new relationality of being of humans with the more-than-human world.
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Rhew, Sung Han, Patrick Bright, Andrine Lemieux, Wayne Warry, and Kristen Jacklin. "Rural and Indigenous Health Disparity in Medical Service Use for Dementia and Diabetes Mellitus in Minnesota." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.829.
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Abstract Minnesota has shown relatively high growth of mortality from diabetes mellitus (DM) and dementia in recent years, especially in rural areas. Analysis of medical care utilization patterns may reveal the reasons for this trend. The goal of the present study was to characterize the Minnesota dementia and diabetes care landscape by rurality and geographic region. Specifically, we compared the Metro region to five other rural-urban regions. Disease-specific 2017 hospital admission and emergency department (ED) visit data was obtained from the State Center for Health Statistics and the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. We used the logistic regression analysis adjusted by multiple covariates to evaluate rural-urban differences in hospital admissions and ED visits. Age-adjusted rates of ED visits for both DM and dementia were significantly higher in rural zip code areas, especially in northeast regions. Rural areas had elevated odds for dementia hospital admissions (OR=1.05, p<0.0001) and ED visits (OR=1.24, p<0.0001), but decreased odds for DM hospital admission (OR=0.96, p<0.0001) and ED visits (OR=0.96, p<0.0001). This was particularly true in the northeast region (relative to Metro regions) where ED visits were less likely due to DM (OR=0.89, p<0.0001) but more likely related to dementia (ORs=1.42, p<0.0001). Geographic differences for ED visits due to DM were greater than those for dementia, with higher rates for rural as compared to urban regions (northeast MN compared to a large metropolitan region). This geographical mismatch between mortality rates and ED visit rates may illustrate the relative lack of access to health services in rural MN.
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Ischak, Mohammad, Bambang Setioko, and Dedes Nur Gandarum. "ECONOMIC INTERACTIVE SPACE: AN ADAPTATION OF COMMUNITY RESILIENCE MECHANISM IN AN ENCLAVE SETTLEMENT." International Journal on Livable Space 3, no. 2 (August 17, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/livas.v3i2.4259.
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<p><strong><em>Abstract </em></strong></p><p><em>The </em><em>rapid urban growth at the periphery area developed by residential developers impacted on the socio-spatial segregation between new and pre-existing indigenous settlements. One phenomenon is that many indigenous settlements are enclaved in the new settlement area. Changes in landscape and environment around indigeneus settlement are occured as a result of a pressure. It is the main factor for suddened changes in the pattern of livelihood of enclaved settlement inhabitants. This article is intended to explain the findings on how the inhabitants of enclaved settlement respond and survive to these changes and pressures in the spatial context. The study employed descriptive analysis method by observing the characteristics of settlements by focusing on the quality of inhabitants’ life related to the spatial changes and segregations phenomena. The results of the study highlight that the spatial changes and the survival community are a form of adaptation procces to get economic benefit by making changes to their lands or buildings because of the residential development in its sorrounding. These phenomena resulted in the emergence of economic interactive space in the specific spatial arrangement. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: enclaved settlements, economic interactive space, adaptation </em></p>
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Frei, Cheryl Jiménez. "Columbus, Juana and the Politics of the Plaza: Battles over Monuments, Memory and Identity in Buenos Aires." Journal of Latin American Studies 51, no. 03 (August 2019): 607–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x18001086.
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AbstractIn 2013, Argentina's then-President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner sparked controversy for her decision to replace a monument of Christopher Columbus in Buenos Aires with one of nineteenth-century mestiza revolutionary Juana Azurduy. This article examines the history and iconography of these monuments, exploring the intersections between public space, art, politics and memory. It argues that these monuments — one representing Argentina's previously maligned Italian immigrant heritage, the other its forgotten indigenous culture — demonstrate how fundamental struggles over national identity have been embedded and contested in the capital's urban landscape, in ways that remain influential. It highlights Argentina's 1910 centennial and 2010 bicentennial as key to these efforts, and examines the power/politics of place in the central plaza where various actors have fought for public commemorative representation.
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García, Marcos Rubal, Catarina A. Torres, and Puri Veiga. "Low Diversity of Intertidal Canopy-Forming Macroalgae at Urbanized Areas along the North Portuguese Coast." Diversity 12, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12060211.
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Canopy-forming macroalgae are the main component in some of the most diverse and productive coastal habitats around the world. However, canopy-forming macroalgae are very sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. In coastal urban areas, intertidal organisms are exposed to the interactive effect of several anthropogenic disturbances that can modify the community’s structure and diversity. Along the North-East Atlantic shores, many studies explored the effect of anthropogenic disturbances on canopy-forming macroalgae, but mainly focused on kelps and fucoids. However, along the intertidal rocky shores of the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, the most abundant and frequent canopy-forming macroalgae belong to the family Sargassaceae. To explore the effect of urbanization on these intertidal canopy-forming species the diversity and assemblage structure of canopy species were compared between four urban and four non-urban shores in the north of Portugal. Intertidal canopy assemblages on urban shores were dominated by the non-indigenous Sargassum muticum that was the only canopy-forming species on three of the four studied urban shores. Canopy assemblages on all non-urban shores were more diverse. Moreover, stands of canopy-forming species on urban shores were always monospecific, while at non-urban shores multi-specific stands were common. Therefore, results suggest that urbanization reduces canopy´s biodiversity.