Journal articles on the topic 'Indigenous urban architecture'
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1
Attia, Ahmed S. "Learned Lessons from Traditional Architecture in Yemen -Towards Sustainable Architecture." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 4 (July 27, 2022): 1197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170418.
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This paper explores the Learned Lessons from traditional Yemeni Architecture Towards Sustainable Architecture. It highlights how the local context influences the traditional architecture in Sanaa city and different regions of Yemen and Arab regions, according to nature, climatic conditions, culture, traditional values, and indigenous knowledge. Overview for sustainability during the twentieth century, sustainability and the Islam perspective in the Arab region, and selected the traditional architecture in Yemen as a case study. In addition to the analysis analyzed the city's urban form and the traditional house in Sana’a city, the design and elements of the house; spatial organization, construction systems and building materials, and window openings. Ornaments and sewerage systems. The study summarizes the aspects of sustainability in the traditional house in different regions in Yemen as an indigenous traditional knowledge for sustainable architecture. In conclusion, the traditional houses in the house in Yemen, designed according to the local context and indigenous traditional knowledge, have influenced traditional Yemeni architecture; the house elements and design fulfills sustainable requirements and positively impact the city's environmental, economic, and social aspects. Furthermore, it is considered a learned lesson from traditional architectural heritage and indigenous traditional knowledge toward sustainable architecture.
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MacKinnon, Maggie, Maibritt Pedersen Zari, and Daniel K. Brown. "Architecture as Habitat: Enhancing Urban Ecosystem Services Using Building Envelopes." Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 02, no. 04 (August 14, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2104029.
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The practice of reconciliation ecology in urban environments relies heavily on urban green space as the primary source of vegetated habitat in cities. However, most cities lack the quantity, connectivity, and accessibility of green space needed to provide essential ecosystem services for the health, well-being, and resilience of human and non-human species. In reaction to urban densification and the increasing frequency and severity of climate change impacts, this study argues that architecture could strategically provide vegetated habitats to supplement existing urban green space and provide refuges for non-human species during extreme disturbances. A spatial analysis was conducted to test the performance of the existing green space network against targets for human well-being and Indigenous avifauna habitat needs in a 1.93 km2 neighborhood in Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand, during normal conditions and flooding. The results showed an insufficient quantity and connectivity of green space during both normal conditions and flooding to meet the habitat needs of Indigenous avifauna. Though the per capita green space and accessibility targets for human well-being are met under normal conditions, there is insufficient green space to meet those targets during flooding. During normal conditions, 9% of the roofs in the neighborhood need to be converted to green roofs to achieve the targets for both human well-being and Indigenous avifauna. The amount increases to 17% if the targets are to be maintained during flooding. At least 3% of the roofs need to function as small and medium-sized habitat patches in key locations to increase the existing green space network's connectivity. The study concludes that though ground-level green space is limited, with regenerative architecture strategies and supporting governance policy, the surplus of existing roofs could be used to increase urban habitat provision, thereby enhancing the health and resilience of humans and Indigenous avifauna in cities.
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González Zarandona, José Antonio. "Between destruction and protection: the case of the Australian rock art sites." ZARCH, no. 16 (September 13, 2021): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2021165087.
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Can heritage be practiced and thought outside the binary of exaltation vs. denigration? To answer this question posed by the editors, this paper will analyse the destruction and protection of Indigenous heritage sites in Australia, where the destruction of significant cultural heritage sites, mainly Indigenous heritage sites, is the result of biased and outdated practice of cultural heritage that divides Indigenous heritage (prior 1788) from Australian heritage (after 1788). This rift has caused an immense damage to Indigenous heritage around the country as it shows how in Australia heritage is practiced and thought outside the dualism of celebration versus destruction. In this paper, I will show how the destruction of Indigenous rock art sites has been a constant in the 20th and 21st century and how this destruction has been framed in media as a result of vandalism. By arguing that this framing is perpetuating the dualism of celebration versus destruction, I suggest that we can move out of this binary by considering the concept of iconoclasm to go beyond this dualism.
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Poupeau, Franck. "Indigenous Cosmogony and Andean Architecture in El Alto, Bolivia." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 45, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12852.
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Dung Le, Van. "Micro-culture and Macro-culture in urban housing architecture." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819301002.
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In the era of information society, the development of urban housing architecture in the world has always associated with the tendency of cultural progress, localizing international architecture in parallel with internationalization of indigenous architecture, while still having a mixture of characteristics of oriental lifestyle with western lifestyle, and vice versa. The study allows determination of the form characteristics, and the mode of functional space organization of urban housing architecture corresponds to the two cultural types: Micro-culture of the East and Macro-culture of the West. This study forms the basis for preserving and recognizing the traditional essence of housing space between two relatively opposite cultures that exist throughout human history, especially in “flat world” conditions of postmodernity of the second half of the 20th and the 21th century.
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Mousourakis, Αpostolos, Maria Arakadaki, Sofoklis Kotsopoulos, Iordanis Sinamidis, Tina Mikrou, Evangelia Frangedaki, and Nikos D. Lagaros. "Earthen Architecture in Greece: Traditional Techniques and Revaluation." Heritage 3, no. 4 (October 27, 2020): 1237–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3040068.
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A big part of traditional architecture both in rural and urban areas in the Greek territory has been built with raw earth. The aim of this paper is to present earthen buildings’ constructions in Greece and show their important contribution to our heritage. The use of earth as a basic constructing material has given different earthen building cultures and techniques. Earthen construction encloses many varied uses and applications, as walls or as plasters. In different periods of time and historical contexts, from the indigenous inhabitants to the neighborhoods of the refugees of Asia Minor Catastrophe, the earth constructions had a primary role. The existence of earthen architecture was investigated in urban and rural sites in Greece. Building information, documentation, and records of buildings’ design, construction techniques, elements, and systems are presented. Today, there is still a rich architectural heritage throughout the country, which has lasted through the years and withstood seismic activities and poor conservation.
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Hultzsch, Anne. "Other Practices: Gendering Histories of Architecture." ZARCH, no. 18 (September 2, 2022): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2022186968.
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“To write women back into history”, is an often-used phrase in recent feminist discourse. More and more scholars work to increase the visibility of those women who took charge of design projects in the recent and not so recent past. While crucial, such efforts are, in the paradox way of how privilege works, to an extent counterproductive: presenting these women (and other, historically marginalised figures) as exceptions from the rule – as eccentric trailblazers - implies the majority of their female (or Black, indigenous, queer, other ...) contemporaries had no influence within (white, male) architectural practices. This position paper argues that we also need to look for other practices that enabled women (and others) in greater numbers to gain agency. Writing is one such practice: the recording of experience, critiques, and instructions to appropriate the designed, ascribing meaning to architectures and landscapes. Locating architectural agency in a practice that, while presuming some privilege, was much more open to marginalised groups than that of the architect, enables us to look at the past more inclusively: to write gendered histories that open up spaces for those that were there, in fact.
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Monzur, Nadia. "RE-THINKING MUD HOUSE: COUNTERING THE GRADUAL SHIFT IN TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE IN NORTHERN BANGLADESH." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 12, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i2.1530.
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The diversified vernacular architecture in rural Bangladesh is the result of a constant and gradual attempt to maintain sustainability and cultural identity by using knowledge of the local environment. However, factors like natural resource scarcity and economic viability of modern construction techniques is evidently causing a rapid change in the rural landscape. A physical and questionnaire survey carried out in the area under study, namely the village Kaligram in Manda upazilla, Naogaon, revealed that, nearly sixty-percent of houses built within the last decade is concrete and brick made with little or no regards to any traditional vernacular features. Investigation of various parameters such as, mud house construction techniques, availability and preference of building materials, socio- economic changes, has revealed that the loss of precious fertile top soil, high maintenance of mud structures added with the availability and affordability of more durable materials, are some of the prime reasoning behind revising the options to brick construction. This research aims to assess the factors causing this gradual shift in the indigenous practices of mud house in the area under study and further extends onto a discussion of an alternate design approach that will exemplify a more durable, low maintenance, energy efficient yet economic building technology while acknowledging the strengths of the contextual indigenous architectural practices under debate.
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Rastandeh, Amin, Maibritt Pedersen Zari, Daniel K. Brown, and Robert Vale. "Utilising exotic flora in support of urban indigenous biodiversity: lessons for landscape architecture." Landscape Research 43, no. 5 (May 31, 2017): 708–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2017.1315063.
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Zavoleas, Yannis, Peter R. Stevens, Jenny Johnstone, and Marie Davidová. "More-Than-Human Perspective in Indigenous Cultures: Holistic Systems Informing Computational Models in Architecture, Urban and Landscape Design towards the Post-Anthropocene Epoch." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010236.
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By studying Aboriginal maps, this speculative research discusses world heritage concepts about land and merges them into western urban contexts. Assumptions concerning spatial allocation and demarcation such as boundaries, divisions and geometric patterns are being contested by ideas pertaining to Indigenous narratives expressing holistic views about community, and the ecosystem as integrated components of broader organisations. First, this paper introduces principles of the Indigenous culture spurring viable land management by shared, equal and inclusive schemes as ones that also respond to global socio-environmental challenges. Alternative strategies are being considered relating to the soft demarcation of distinct areas understood as malleable aggregates merging with each other and with the landscape’s topological features, with reference to the Aboriginal culture. The techniques being proposed are further compared with original approaches in architecture and urban design developed since late modernism, challenging enduring practices. Seen next to each other, these models of thought are suggestive of a paradigm shift by which architecture reinforces deeper connections with the intellectual, sociocultural, and natural resources of the greater cosmos. Furthermore, as these ideas are propelled by computing, they lead towards the dynamic linking of analysis with the design results producing all-sustainable structures that are widely applicable, as architecture’s contribution to the current socio-scientific discourse on holistic approaches with a more-than-human perspective.
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Bhattarai-Upadhyay, Vibha, and Urmi Sengupta. "Unsettling Modernity: Shifting Values and Changing Housing Styles in the Kathmandu Valley." Open House International 41, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2016-b0011.
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Culture has always been important for the character of the cities, as have the civic and public institutions that sustain a lifestyle and provide an identity. Substantial evidence of the unique historical, urban civilisation remains within the traditional settlements in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal, manifested in houses, palaces, temples, rest houses, open spaces, festivals, rituals, customs and cultural institutions. Indigenous knowledge and practices prescribed the arrangement of houses, roads, and urban spaces giving the city a distinctive physical form, character, and a unique oriental nativeness. In a technical sense, these societies did not have written rules for guiding development. In recent decades, the urban culture of the city has been changing with the forces of urbanisation and globalisation and the demand for new buildings and spaces. New residential design is increasingly dominated by distinctive patterns of Western suburban ideal comprising detached or semi-detached homes and high rise tower blocks. This architectural iconoclasm can be construed as a rather crude response to the indigenous culture and built form. The paper attempts to dismantle the current tension between traditional and contemporary ‘culture’ (and hence society) and housing (or built form) in the Kathmandu Valley by engaging in a discussion that cuts across space, time, and meaning of architecture as we know it.
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Ren, Xiang. "Socially engaged architecture in a Chinese rural village: Xihe Village Community Centre, 2014." Architectural Research Quarterly 20, no. 2 (June 2016): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135516000282.
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This paper attempts to explore the social production of architecture in contemporary Chinese rural villages through a case study on the Community Centre in Xihe Village. This community project, designed and built in 2014, exemplifies a lesser-known type of Chinese architectural practice engaging in a local and specific context, which suddenly gave participation a dramatic image in current breakneck Chinese rural-urban transition of large scale and rapid speed. By looking at this highly specific case through a detailed description and critical evaluation, this paper takes this participatory architectural project as the very first critical example of the socially-engaged architecture in China; as presenting an alternative architecture of resistance in response to the top-down guiding principle ‘Construction of A New Socialist Countryside’ launched by the government in 2005. Source material was collected through fieldwork in the village, including observational study, photographic documentation, and intensive formal and informal interviews with practitioners, authorities, and villagers. The analysis emphasizes the social process and consequences of different stages of this building, in order to explore hidden potentials and methodologies tailoring the architectural design and construction to the site-specificity. The social consequence of the building process is much more important than the object produced. By investigating the architectural version within a broader framework combining anthropology and activism, the paper attempts to introduce a more socially resilient way of making architecture in the current Chinese rural-urban transition. On the one hand it addresses the contingencies in working with underprivileged village communities in inner rural China, which have scarce resources and fragile identities; on the other hand it cuts through the surface of rural vernacular China to expose the undercurrent of silent issues in architecture that constitute the indigenous, the everyday, resistance, transition, and resilience.
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Hariyanto, Agus D., Iwan Sudradjat, and Sugeng Triyadi. "Ethnographic Approach for Research on Vernacular Architecture: Four Case Studies of Indigenous Communities in Indonesia." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 20 (August 9, 2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj202120108.
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Many ethnic groups with unique cultures exist in Indonesia, but their vernacular architecture and living cultures need to be supported to ensure sustainability. One example of how a more anthropological approach to the design and planning of the built environment requires a better understanding is the study of the living culture of indigenous communities. Unsurprisingly, an ethnographic approach is critical to studying these communities' architecture and living culture in Indonesia. This study aims to outline the main principles of the ethnographic approach and review the implementation of these principles in previous studies on the vernacular architecture of indigenous communities in Indonesia. A comparative analysis of four case studies shows that each study has implemented the approach's main principles contextually. The results showed that the four case studies utilized observation and interviews to collect field data in slightly different terms. Although each case study's objectives, focus, and issues were different, the researchers managed to provide a cultural portrait that included the participants' views (emic) and the researcher's opinions (etic). The similarities between the four communities are religious or belief systems affecting the architecture and living culture, which are cultural aspects that significantly affect each case as part of the findings embodied in themes resulting from interpretation. These results can help to develop guidelines for designers and planners working in indigenous communities. Through ethnographic studies, architects and planners can understand indigenous communities' point of view (etic) to integrate their perspectives (emic) when working hand in hand with the community.
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Swenson, Edward R. "Local ideological strategies and the politics of ritual space in the Chimú Empire." Archaeological Dialogues 14, no. 1 (April 4, 2007): 61–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138020380700219x.
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This article examines the politics of ritual space in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru after the conquest of the region by the Chimú Empire (A.D. 1200–1450). Interpretations are based on detailed analysis of ceremonial architecture located in the rural hinterland of urban centres. Despite imperial incorporation, the proliferation of ceremonial sites in the Jequetepeque countryside indicates that ritual production remained the prerogative of local groups. Architectural archaism, syncretism and the emulation of Chimú space in Jequetepeque demonstrate that rural communities adopted diverse ideological strategies to defend indigenous political identities and manipulate imperial authorities. The analysis improves understanding of the effects of Chimú conquest on local populations and suggests that imperial administration relied on indirect rule. Local communities were not passive consumers of state ideology but actively participated in the propagation of both corporate and indigenous religious systems. Ultimately, the article intends to advance archaeological interpretation of the political significance of patterned variability in the construction and experience of ceremonial space.
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Sheppard, Lola. "Nunavut Urban Futures: Vernaculars, Informality and Tactics (Research Note)." Études Inuit Studies 44, no. 1-2 (September 27, 2021): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1081808ar.
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The Canadian Arctic, and Nunavut in particular, is one of the fastest-growing regions per capita in the country, raising the question as to what might constitute an emerging Arctic Indigenous urbanism. One of the cultural challenges of urbanizing Canadian North is that for most Indigenous peoples, permanent settlement, and its imposed spatial, temporal, economic, and institutional structures, has been antithetical to traditional ways of life and culture, which are deeply tied to the land and to seasons. For the past seventy-five years, architecture, infrastructure, and settlement form have been imported models serving as spatial tools of cultural colonization that have intentionally erased local culture and ignored geographic specificities. As communities in Nunavut continue to grow at a rapid rate, new planning frameworks are urgently needed. This paper outlines three approaches that could constitute the beginning of more culturally reflexive planning practices for Nunavut: (1) redefining the northern urban vernacular and its role in design; (2) challenging the current top-down masterplan by embracing strategies of informal urbanism; and (3) encouraging planning approaches that embrace territorial strategies and are more responsive to geography, landscape, and seasonality.
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Toso, Tricia. ""Keeping the Road Clear between Us"." Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication 10, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/strm.v10i1.255.
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As scientists and science educators challenge the epistemological hegemony and cultural imperial-ism of Western modern science by insisting that definitions of science be expanded to include other scientific traditions including traditional ecological knowledge (Berkes 1988, 1993; Inglis, 1999; Warren 1997; Williams & Baines 1993; Snively & Corsigila 2000), we have not seen much of a coe-taneous movement in civil and natural resource engineering. The decolonization of Canadian cities must begin with the acknowledgement of the role engineering, architecture and urban planning has had in the perpetuation of colonialism. This paper works to identify directions for the decoloniza-tion of infrastructural systems through a reconsideration of pre-contact Indigenous architectural and infrastructural histories, a recognition of the ways in which infrastructure was often used as an instrument of colonial land claims, and the various ways in which Indigenous peoples, communities, and knowledges have contributed to the infrastructures that populate our contemporary geography. It is through an acknowledgment of infrastructure as actant in colonialism and the contributions Indigenous peoples and knowledges have had in the development and implementation of our infrastructural systems that we can begin to expand and deepen our understanding of the relationings between knowledge, infrastructure, ecosystems and Indigenous peoples. Finally, this paper considers the ways in which Indigenous design principles offer a great deal of potential in the creation of more environmentally and socially sustainable communities, and even regenerative design.
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Tomovska, Radmila, and Ana Radivojević. "The role of master-builder in development of traditional Ohrid house." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 8, no. 1 (2016): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1601023t.
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Master-builder of traditional Ohrid house had important role for the origin and development of some particular elements of construction and finalisation, which are typical solutions that create a specific expression of the Ohrid residential architecture. Formation and development of the traditional Ohrid house, as a regional variant of the Ottoman type of urban house, with specific indigenous characteristics that are specifically related to the spatial plan and the structural details, was created by master-builders of Ohrid, Struga and Debar. Their contribution in the stylistic unification of the Ottoman residential architecture, as well as in finding innovative and specific solutions, is very significant.
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Hürol, Yonca. "Book Reviews." Open House International 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2008-b0012.
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Sáez, E., and J. Canziani. "VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES IN THE SONDONDO VALLEY (PERU)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-175-2020.
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Abstract. Sondondo is an inter-Andean valley located between 3,500 and 4,500 meters above sea level. Inhabited, transformed and modelled since ancient times by the local rural communities, an extraordinary cultural landscape has been created through their particular relationship with the environment. Since the pre-Hispanic settlements (Wari 600 AD), through colonial indigenous “reductions”, to the villages of vernacular architecture, which are at the foundation of contemporary populated centres, the territory has been variously and successively settled, inhabited and transformed. Its vernacular architecture has evolved at multiple scales, from domestic architecture to urban structures. It has created spaces for agriculture and livestock herding, and the spectacular agricultural andenerías (farming platforms and terraces) that have shaped the territory for centuries. The latter simultaneously developed irrigation infrastructures and techniques. The result is a landscape of great plastic effects, in a geographical setting bordered by the apus – tutelar mountains – traditionally “sacralized” by the Andean cultures. Such enormous architectural-landscape legacy is now threatened by imported global models of false modernity disrupting the fragile balance of lifestyles and territories. The objective of this research project, ongoing since 2016, is to assess this territory, catalogue its vernacular architecture and landscape units. It also aims to propose projects and initiatives for sustainable local development. The work has been made available to the Ministry of Culture of Peru to support its request before UNESCO to include the site in its World Heritage List.
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Miller, James, and Eric Nay. "Ontological Upgrade." SPOOL 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/spool.2022.2.05.
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This paper uses ‘deep time’, as an alternative ontology to crisis management to argue for the application of a broad decolonial approach in lieu of contemporary green design practices. Methodologically, this paper substantiates it claims by utilising conventional academic ‘knowledge’ production, as represented in literature, references, and case studies, but also supports the expansion of knowledge through a deeper exploration of place, pattern, and time demonstrated by intermingling deep time principles with Indigenous spatial practices. Fearing that urban life will descend into obsolescence and irrelevance if no such knowledge systems are taken up, this paper proposes an alternative trajectory as a preventive measure, which has all been exacerbated by the ongoing pandemic. By exploring alternative Indigenous design ontologies, specifically in Oceania, alongside deep adaptation and deep time, this paper’s authors intend to provide an important basis for research and teaching that reinvigorates connections to Indigenous epistemologies and knowledge systems. This paper proposes that by taking up notions of deep adaptation and Indigenous epistemologies as critiques of Western notions of time, property, etc. architecture, design and planning might re-situate ideas, ranging from stewardship to maintenance, within time and place-based technologies outside of the discourse of crisis.
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Asomani-Boateng, Raymond. "Borrowing from the past to sustain the present and the future: indigenous African urban forms, architecture, and sustainable urban development in contemporary Africa." Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 4, no. 3 (November 2011): 239–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17549175.2011.634573.
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Nik Mohammad, Nik Mastura, Rohana Sham, and Azlin Abdul Latif. "Identity of Historic City and Women Travelling Behavior." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2016): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i1.228.
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This paper represents on women behavior safety enigma, also an on-going progress study of the cultural landscape in the context of the historic city where knowledge unfolds. The study has tracked women’s experience of place, which responses on the visual elements that become an incredibly diverse culture surrounding and norms. Eventually, the historic city seems meet their expectations in cultural aspects a safe building has resulted for living and work environment. Therefore, having known their understanding influence on structure-building façade concluded and rediscovered the perception that adds value contributes in the urban setting.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: People and environments; cultural knowledge; architecture; indigenous architecture
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Qamaruz Zaman, Nurulhusna, Aidatul Fadzlin Bakri, Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad, and Ahmad Tarmizi Ab Jalal. "Art Installation as a Catalyst to Activities and Positive Behaviour in Back Lanes of Shah Alam Commercial Areas." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2016): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i1.230.
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This paper represents on women behavior safety enigma, also an on-going progress study of the cultural landscape in the context of the historic city where knowledge unfolds. The study has tracked women’s experience of place, which responses on the visual elements that become an incredibly diverse culture surrounding and norms. Eventually, the historic city seems meet their expectations in cultural aspects a safe building has resulted for living and work environment. Therefore, having known their understanding influence on structure-building façade concluded and rediscovered the perception that adds value contributes in the urban setting.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: People and environments; cultural knowledge; architecture; indigenous architecture
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Ilchenko, Sergiy. "Collective actions for reconfiguration of urban space Biały Bór, Poland." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2021.16163.
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Biały Bór is located in the former German territories that came to Poland after the Second World War. The almost complete replacement of the indigenous German and Jewish populations, initially by Polish and soon Ukrainian communities, was the result of the displacement of state borders by the eviction and relocation of millions of people. To do this, the authorities used certain strategies, which brought different approaches and constraints to local communities and urban spaces. The article considers the differences between the declared principles and the actual actions of the authorities in the context of “small stories” of all actors (national communities), as well as the tactics of indirect resistance of the local community to government pressure. Due to the remoteness of the place from the state center and due to its unanimity, the local community becomes the driving force of the spatial development of the city. And since the city is multicultural, the development of public spaces is influenced by the competitiveness (not confrontation) of two local communities. Therefore, the creation of public spaces is considered in the context of the rights of different groups to the city. This paper argues the conditions under which it is the collective actions of local communities that determine the change in the configuration of urban space.
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Hadrovic, Ahmet. "Bosnian Chardaklia House: Mara Popovic's House in Gracanica." South East European Journal of Architecture and Design 2022 (February 28, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/seejad.2022.10061.
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Mara Popovic's house in Gracanica, although built in an urban setting, seems to belong to the classic solution of a three-tract bosnian house chardaklia. The house was built in the city district named Varos on a gently sloping terrain with southern exposure. The house was erected (1840) by a father-in-law, Mara Popovic, who lived in this house until her death, after which the property changed several owners. Today, this house is owned by the Municipality of Gracanica, and is used by the well-known association “Gracanicko keranje”, which nurtures the tradition of making indigenous handicrafts from the Gracanica area – “keranje”. Due to its exceptional architectural, historical and environmental values, this house is included in the list of national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to its spatial concept, construction and materialization, long-term use and its present purpose, the house is an example of traditional and bioclimatic architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Njuguna, Mugwima B., Ephraim W. Wahome, and Anne Marie Deisser. "The Role of the National Construction Authority in the Conservation of Vernacular Architectural Heritage." East African Journal of Engineering 2, no. 1 (July 10, 2020): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eaje.2.1.178.
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Vernacular architecture is a malleable concept that encompasses structures produced by empirical/ experiential builders. It is sometimes referred to as indigenous, primitive, ethnic or even architecture without architects. Vernacular architectural heritage often found in rural areas and historic urban areas and villages represent a cultural heritage that has been handed down from one generation to the next. This heritage is under threat from modernising forces which cause deterioration in cultural and historical continuity. It is important to conserve this architecture and associated technologies for posterity. Both tangible and intangible heritage of vernacular architecture is threatened through blatant negligence, emergent and more profitable modes of construction, and lack of funds for minimum maintenance. To a large extent, this heritage is quickly deteriorating and disappearing into the hands of vandals and illegal traders due to the lack of appropriate conservation, sensitisation and training for the public and heritage professionals in the conservation of materials and practices. The paper explores the vernacular heritage in Kenya, the state of its conservation and the risks associated with its conservation. It is argued that since NCA is mandated inter alia to undertake research into any matter relating to the construction industry, it should complement the efforts of the National Museums of Kenya in the conservation of cultural heritage in so far as materials and building technologies are concerned. There is no clear legal framework for the conservation of vernacular architecture in place and it is often lumped together with other popular forms of architecture which have well-defined and documented historical trends. Emphasis has been on urban architecture in Kenya. The paper established that vernacular heritage has only been haphazardly conserved, with no clear management, documentation and preservation policies. The paper found that no resources are specifically set aside for the conservation of these heritages. The theoretical analysis concludes that vernacular architecture in Kenya has been neglected and exposed to deterioration. It also points out that the level of public sensitisation on the heritage is low and its conservation and management needs have been ignored. The study, therefore, recommends public sensitisation, preventive and interventive conservation and appropriate policies to save the heritage from imminent loss. It further suggests that detailed documentation of vernacular building materials and technology should be undertaken as a matter of urgency.
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Susetyarto, Martinus, E. Budihardjo, G. W. Pangarsa, and G. Hardiman. "Architecture and Environmental Sustainability: Critical Issues in Vernacular Kampong of Bena, Flores." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.22.
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The word of sustainability has acquired great importance due to the negative impact of various developments on the environment. The rapid developments in rural and urban area during the last decade have been accompanied by active construction which sometimes neglected the impact on the natural environment and human activities. One of the impacts of developments is occurred on the traditional heritage area, as the vernacular architecture of kampong of Bena, Flores, which has not been taken into consideration although the latter represents a rich resource for sustainable building practices. The study aims at examining these developments in the vernacular kampong of Bena, Flores by using an assessment tool that measures the performance of buildings in terms of their sustainability. This study attempts to: (a) develop a comprehensive definition of sustainability to suit the (indigenous) people needs; (b) classify sustainable building practices at local and regional levels; and (c) establish guidelines for future sustainable architecture. Results illustrate that average energy use in contemporary buildings is high and traditional buildings showed less sustainable measures in terms of energy features, energy performance and environmental features. Issues considered in the assessment of buildings such as energy use per square meter and CO2 emission are alarming. Traditional buildings in the vernacular kampongs of Flores were more sustainable than contemporary buildings.
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San Martín Córdova, Ivan, and Verónica Lorena Orozco Velázquez. "El análisis tipológico como herramienta historiográfica de la arquitectura. Corpus Christi: un templo atípico para las cacicas indígenas esposas de Cristo en México." Intervención 1, no. 25 (December 28, 2022): 57–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.30763/intervencion.262.v1n25.41.2022.
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Los templos de los conventos femeninos novohispanos presentan características arquitectónicas y urbanas semejantes que permiten analizarlos historiográficamente con una metodología tipológica que destaca tanto los casos que cumplían con la tradición como los que se apartaban de ella. El artículo analiza un caso atípico: el convento de Corpus Christi de la Ciudad de México para monjas indígenas nobles y cacicas, diseñado y construido por Pedro de Arrieta. El análisis se basará en las tipologías de los procesos proyectuales —antes y durante las decisiones compositivas del proyecto en su prefiguración y configuración—, en vez de, como lo hace la historia del arte, aplicar a posteriori la tipología. Indagar y especular sobre aquellos procesos y sus posibles causas facilitará decidir cómo intervenir y conservar el patrimonio construido. _____ In New Spain, the temples found in female convents often shared the same set of architectural and urban characteristics and were therefore quite similar. This means that it may be possible to conduct a historiographical analysis of such buildings by applying a typological methodology focused not only on buildings displaying traditional features but also on those exhibiting deviations, as potential drivers of change in the direction of architecture. This case study will analyze one atypical example—the temple of Corpus Christi in Mexico City—designed and built by master builder Pedro de Arrieta as a nunnery for indigenous women; given his professional experience, any departure from traditional features was not likely a random occurrence, but rather an intentional diversion from conventional typologies. Findings will be interpreted based on architectural notions, not using a history of mentalities, nor an approach in the history of art, but drawing from typological analysis, which has been successfully used in Mexico and Latin America for decades. The purpose of this research will be to explore why the author adopted such an exceptional approach for this project.
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Clarke, Dick. "What Role Place and Localness in the Design of Sustainable Buildings?" Journal of Green Building 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.3.2.20.
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Is “the new modernism” in domestic architecture—sometimes called “internationalism”—a useful step on the road toward sustainable buildings? Mindless recreations of traditional forms from other times and places are no better, as many writers have noted, but any building's natural and cultural context must play a fundamental role in the design, materials selection, and even the detailing, if sustainability is to be more readily achieved. The role of place-based planning has been well researched and reported (Clarke 2006; Mant 1998, 2000; NSW Department of Urban Affairs and Planning 2001). Less well understood is the role of “localness” in building design. This informs the overall form of buildings, and their detailing, as well as their technical functionality. A local understanding stems from a sense of materials, climate, and indigenous or local culture, and informs the design process at every level. In this article, the position of internationalist domestic architecture (espoused in glossy architecture publications) is criticised, drawing also on previous research (a case study of the outcomes of a place-based planning instrument, by the author, and a joint paper on locality-based design written jointly with Trevor King). The internationalist design approach is shown not to provide culturally appropriate or technically sustainable buildings.
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Petrakos, George, and Dimitris Economou. "The spatial aspects of development in South-eastern Europe." Spatium, no. 8 (2002): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0208001p.
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This paper analyses for the first time the spatial structure of South-eastern Europe in an effort to assess regional imbalances, border conditions, urban hierarchies and detect the adjustments of the region to the forces of integration and transition. The analysis is based on a unique data base compiled national sources and is carried on with the use of statistical, diagrammatic and cartographic methods. The analysis shows that South-eastern Europe is characterized by increasing regional disparities, an increasingly superior performance of the metropolitan regions, serious discontinuities at the borders which have, in most cases, generated over-time border regions with below average performance and finally an urban with serious deficiencies in medium sized cities. These findings suggest that regional policy should become a permanent ingredient of indigenous and international development initiatives, which need to pay a greater attention to the needs of border regions, encouraging and promoting programs and policies of cross-border cooperation.
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Koontz, Rex. "VISUAL CULTURE STUDIES IN MESOAMERICA." Ancient Mesoamerica 20, no. 2 (2009): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536109990046.
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AbstractThis essay surveys recent trends in studies of Mesoamerican visual culture. Visual culture is defined here as more than an inclusive art history. I outline a tradition of approaches and methods in visual culture studies, arguing that this tradition pays particular attention to the reception and use of objects, as well as to their place in ancient economies. Several current trends in Mesoamerican studies, especially Postclassic period world-systems approaches and Classic period Maya courtly studies, have been particularly fecund strategies for visual culture studies. Other major trends in the field include studies of the symbolism of architecture and urban planning as well as performance studies. The insistence on economic contexts, the desire to capture indigenous visualities, and the need to situate the visual experience in larger cultural phenomena all bode well for future interdisciplinary work in visual cultural studies.
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Bigon, Liora. "A History of Urban Planning and Infectious Diseases: Colonial Senegal in the Early Twentieth Century." Urban Studies Research 2012 (February 21, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/589758.
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This paper deals with the spatial implications of the French sanitary policies in early colonial urban Senegal. It focuses on the French politics of residential segregation following the outbreak of the bubonic plague in Dakar in 1914, and their precedents in Saint Louis. These policies can be conceived as most dramatic, resulting in a displacement of a considerable portion of the indigenous population, who did not want or could not afford to build à l’européen, to the margins of the colonial city. Aspects of residential segregation are analysed here through the perspective of cultural history and history of colonial planning and architecture, in contrast to the existing literature on this topic. The latter dilates on the statutory policies of the colonial authorities facing the 1914 plague in Dakar, the plague's sociopolitical implications, and the colonial politics of public health there. In the light of relevant historiography, and a variety of secondary and primary sources, this paper exposes the contradictions that were inherent in the French colonial regime in West Africa. These contradictions were wisely used by the African agency, so that such a seemingly urgent segregationist project was actually never accomplished.
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Abdul Basit and Muhammad Shafique. "Northbrook Clock Tower and Ripon Hall: History and Architecture of Ghanta-Ghar Multan, Pakistan." PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY 3, no. 1 (May 27, 2022): 01–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v3i1.98.
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Ghanta-Ghar has been considered a marked distinction of British Architecture indicating a symbolic centrality of imperial administration and reflecting the cultural, religious and political acumen of the imperial mind in the town planning of an administrative center. This symbolic erection has been used as means of expressing wealth, power, manifestation of authority and influence of empire. Multan as an important and central point of Southern Punjab came under the British empire in the mid of 19th century. The British erected urban and religious establishments to exhibit their power, authority, wealth and control. Multan has been a rich region with a strong legacy of architectural heritage from the oldest hindu times to the time of British’s Muslim predecessors. However, British contributed significantly to that heritage. Northbrook Tower and Ripon Hall (Ghanta-Ghar Multan) is one of the major Imperial administrative establishments in Multan constructed with a blend of the English and Indian (synthesis of Indian and Mughal) architecture between 1884 to 1888 CE. According to Francoise Dasques, the clock tower was built using Anglo Indian, Indo Saracenic and Greeko-Roman patterns. The purpose of this paper is analyze the structure, style and approach of the Ghanta-Ghar establishgment, along with exploring the tradition of clock towers in India by the British and amalgamation of native & European built environment. Hence the paper highlights the elements and features used in architectural scheme of the building and explains the nature of its structure with a contribution-assessment of use and compatibility of native/indigenous and foreign techniques and materials The paper explains the advent of British in Multan and its construction in the area very briefly while it explains the history, construction of Northbrook Clock tower and Ripon Hall, its construction style, structural pattern, and decorative material in detail. The study analyses the elements of the building separately comparing with other colonial and Mughal structures. Drawings, photos of the building and terminologies has been used in the paper to make the study easier and understandable.
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Stachura, Ewa. "Infill projects and sustainable land use in heritage zones: how to reconcile competing interest sets." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 4, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2019.11773.
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<p class="Abstract">Sustainability and heritage are inextricably linked. Heritage conservation helps to build and maintain cultural identity and social cohesion of the city community, especially amongst indigenous residents. Heritage zones in European cities and towns over time have suffered destruction and undesirable urban transitions that alter or remove heritage urban fabric. While architecture and urban heritage aims are generally to promote infill development that retains the integrity of the original structure, communities tend to argue for social values that emphasise the retention of vacant land even if it was originally part of the heritage-built form. Hence, the aim of this paper is to identify city residents’ aspirations in relation to such vacant land and spaces. The paper will investigate the case of Raciborz, a medium-sized city in Southern Poland. It will seek to answer the following questions: 1) Are heritage urban composition and principles of its protection antagonistic to the residents’ aspirations? 2) What are the criteria for classifying and valorising vacant land within a heritage city centre? 3) What is the most appropriate way for city administrations to engage with communities to reconcile competing interest sets? What might be possible educational actions addressed to the communities? In the paper the procedure of identifying and evaluating empty sites in the heritage city centre will be presented as well as the results of survey presenting residents’ ideas of optimal way of use of empty city spaces.</p>
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Lowrey, John. "From Caesarea to Athens: Greek Revival Edinburgh and the Question of Scottish Identity within the Unionist State." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 136–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991701.
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In the early nineteenth century, the city of Edinburgh cultivated a reputation as "the Athens of the North." The paper explores the architectural aspects of this in relation to the city's sense of its own identity. It traces the idea of Edinburgh as a "modern Athens" back to the eighteenth century, when the connotations were cultural, intellectual, and topographical rather than architectural. With the emergence of the Greek revival, however, Edinburgh began actively to construct an image of classical Greece on the hilltops and in the streets of the expanding city. It is argued that the Athenian identity of Edinburgh should be viewed as the culmination of a series of developments dating back to the Act of Union between the Scottish and English Parliaments in 1707. As a result, Edinburgh lost its status as a capital city and struggled to reassert itself against the stronger economy of the south. Almost inevitably, the northern capital had to redefine itself in relation to London, the English and British capital. The major developments of Edinburgh in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, including the New Town and the urban proposals of Robert Adam, are interpreted in this light. As the eighteenth century progressed, the city grew more confident and by the early nineteenth century had settled upon its role within the Union and within the empire, which was that of cultural capital as a counterbalance to London, the political capital. The architectural culmination of the process of the redefinition of Edinburgh, however, coincided with the emergence of another mythology of Scottish identity, as seen through the Romantic vision of Sir Walter Scott. It implied a quite different, indigenous architecture that later found its expression in the Scots Baronial style. It is argued here, however, that duality does not contradict the idea of Edinburgh as Athens, nor, more generally, does it sit uneasily with the Scottish predilection for Greek architecture, but rather that it encapsulates the very essence of Scottish national identity: both proudly Scots and British.
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Zain, Zairin, and Uray Fery Andi. "The intangible characteristics of the two indigenous traditional dwellings in West Kalimantan." A/Z : ITU journal of Faculty of Architecture 17, no. 1 (2020): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/itujfa.2019.97720.
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Minkkinen, Panu. "“The Nude Man’s City”: Flávio de Carvalho’s Anthropophagic Architecture as Cultural Criticism." Pólemos 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pol-2021-2008.
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Abstract Cannibalism is one of the most recognisable taboos of the West and a benchmark with which a supposedly civilised world has traditionally sought to differentiate itself from the radically “other” of the hinterlands. As such, cannibalism has made its way both into the vocabulary of the West’s pseudo-ethnographic self-reflection (e.g. Freud) and the imaginary of its literary culture (e.g. Grimm). A less-well-known strain in this narrative uses cannibalism as a critical postcolonial metaphor. In 1928, the Brazilian poet and agitator Oswald de Andrade published a short text entitled “Anthropophagic Manifesto.” The aim of the manifesto was to distance an emerging Brazilian modernism from the European ideals that the São Paulo bourgeoisie uncritically embraced, and to synthesise more avant-garde ideas with aspects from the cultures of the indigenous Amazonian peoples into a truly national cultural movement. This essay draws on various aspects of the anthropophagic movement and seeks to understand, whether (and how) it influenced Brazilian urban planning and architecture, and especially if it is detectable in the ways in which architects Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer designed and executed the legal and political institutions in Brasília, the country’s iconic federal capital. The ana-lysis, however, identifies a colonialist inclination in Costa and Niemeyer’s ideological debt to Le Corbusier. Instead, the radical potential of anthropophagic architecture is developed with reference to the less-known São Paulo architect and polymath Flávio de Carvalho whose aesthetic politics provide parallels with contemporary radical politics, as well. The essay suggests that such a notion of politics would be akin to a radical anti-instrumentalism that I have elsewhere, following Georges Bataille and Maurice Blanchot, called a “politics of the impossible.”
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Salama, Ashraf M., and Florian Wiedmann. "Editorial: Evolving Urbanism of Cities on the Arabian Peninsula." Open House International 38, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2013-b0001.
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Covering about three million square kilometres, the Arabian Peninsula is mainly a diverse landscape of hot humid sandy coasts, arid desert, sparse scrubland, stone-strewn plains, and lush oases, as well as rocky and sometimes fertile mountain highlands and valleys. In addition to the indigenous local populace, the population is composed of large groups of expatriate Arabs and Asians, in addition to smaller groups of Europeans and North Americans; these expatriate groups represent a major workforce community of skilled professionals and semi-skilled or unskilled labourers from over sixty countries. The region's contemporary economy, dominated by the production of oil and natural gas has created unprecedented wealth, which in turn has led to a momentous surge in intensive infrastructural development and the construction of new environments (Wiedmann, 2012). The ensuing impact of this fast track development on the built environment, in conjunction with the continuous and seemingly frantic quest for establishing unique urban identities (Salama, 2012), is seen as a trigger for introducing this special edition of Open House International.
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Firmansyah, Firmansyah, Resya Wulanningsih, Bintang Nidia Kusuma, and Ira Prayuni Rante Allo. "PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS IN DESIGNING TROPICAL-SHORE SETTLEMENT IN ESTUARY ECOSYSTEM CASE STUDY: WERIAGAR DISTRICT, BINTUNI BAY." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 42, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2018.6486.
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Weriagar District is located in estuary area and is prone to land loss, due to river and coastal erosion. Without any prevention efforts, Weriagar land might be disappear due to erosion on coastal and riverside. The Shore Housing Improvement Program was developed in 2014 to improve the environment, housing and settlement in Weriagar District. Based on the preliminary site observation and further site survey, the program continued in conducting in-depth analysis consists of house assessment method prior to concept select matrix development, in which design criteria were obtained. The results from analysis phase shows that it is necessary to design a house and settlement that can fulfil the needs of indigenous people, both functionally and aesthetically. Functionally, the house is designed to provide spaces for both private and public needs of the family. It can be used either as a family private space or as a public gathering space between family and their neighbours. Aesthetically, houses’ architectural form is designed to identify the locality of Weriagar District. The houses’ design feature highlighted in using local material, rainwater harvesting system, high pitched roof feature as a response to hot-humid climate and elevated-floor feature as response to tidal condition in estuary area.
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Oliver, Paul. "Necessity and Continuity: The Challenge of the Impending Crisis." Open House International 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2006-b0003.
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‘Traditional environments’ is a term by which we embrace vernacular dwellings, functional, religious and other architectural expressions and settlements of cultures in their natural, adapted and modified contexts throughout the world. Customarily, it does not include the design concepts and built structures of professional architects and engineers, and hence seldom enters their education or bears upon their practice. Consequently, they are often poorly informed on cultures and their traditional environments, and unprepared to relate to them. In the next few decades world population growth will reach crisis proportions, resulting in greater pressure on land, on cities and on material resources. Though some planners speak of a world which will be fifty percent urban, little attention is given to the corollary that half the world population will therefore be non-urban or rural. Responses to this challenge are frequently misguided. In spite of their failure in many past instances, high-rise developments are still seen by many professionals as being the solution to urban population growth, while others propose “mass housing”. Huge profits in an age of globalisation will doubtless attract inappropriate design interventions by alien professionals and by multinationals, among whom engineers and architects may soon be numbered. Where then, lies the future of traditional environments? As the “old heart” of expanded cities? As idyllic accommodation for tourists and city dwellers “getting away from it all”? In so-called ‘Open-air museums’ nostalgically presenting images of the pre-industrial past? As symbols of national identity or (as often perceived by their inhabitants), as indications of repression and poverty? In many western countries, including Britain, these may be their fate, but in much of the world, including Asia, Africa, Oceania and Latin America, vernacular traditions continue and, in some regions, thrive. The economies of many cultures and nations are not in a position to engage in mass housing, but with informed participation in servicing and planning they could support development by embracing the principles of design, the tested technologies and embodied values of existing vernacular traditions. Appropriate servicing, utilisation of renewable resources, encouragement in the transmission and training of skills, and respect for indigenous environmental knowledge could contribute to the continuity and development trends in traditional environments. But all these factors have implications for governments and for education, in which professional ethics, inter-and cross-cultural studies, the economic recognition of aided self-help in building, and many other principles and practices all play their parts. Who, in the new millennium, will take up the challenge?
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Haddad, Naif Adel. "Insights on Eastern Hellenistic Historical and Archaeological Material Culture of the Oikoumene: Globalisation and Local Socio-Cultural Identities." Heritage 4, no. 4 (October 12, 2021): 3307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040184.
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This paper focuses on the Hellenistic Middle East, especially the age of Ptolemaic Alexandrian and Syrian Seleucid influence. It investigates and clarifies some of the Hellenistic-age historical and archaeological material culture within the Hellenisation and globalisation conceptions. Furthermore, it suggests that by reviewing the context of the local socio-cultural identities in the Hellenistic Oikoumene, mainly based on the lingua franca about local identity and how the local identity was expressed on coinage during Hellenistic times, many related insights issues can be revealed. In addition, it also attempts to discuss and reveal aspects of the cultural sharing achievements in Hellenistic art, architecture, and urban built environment planning. Finally, how did Eastern Hellenistic cities manage to benefit from the process of Hellenistic globalisation and localisation/globalisation while minimising identity risks? The focus is on the transnational socio-cultural and economic area of Ptolemaic Alexandria, the centre of the post-Classical Greek world, and the Syrian Seleucid influence. As an investment, mass migration and the transfer of goods, culture, and ideas increasingly transformed these Middle Eastern cities and shaped their translocal culture conception, local socio-cultural identities, cultural sharing, art and architecture edifice forms, and spatial patterns in the Hellenistic period. One of the main contributions and significance of this study is to continue the dialogue of how non-Greek influence in Hellenistic times impacted an area that has been traditionally seen as unaffected or minimally affected by years under foreign rule. This also sheds new light on some Greco-Macedonian topics not sufficiently debated in the Oikoumene discussion dialogue. These two aspects would furthermore contribute to better understanding and accepting the neglected role of the contribution of non-Greek culture to Greek achievements, as well as how the local non-Greek customs of the indigenous peoples of the Ptolemy and Seleucid kingdoms would affect how they assimilated Greco-Macedonian practices, and how the vision of Alexander the Great and Hellenisation worked in the different territories of these two kingdoms.
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Haddad, Naif Adel. "Insights on Eastern Hellenistic Historical and Archaeological Material Culture of the Oikoumene: Globalisation and Local Socio-Cultural Identities." Heritage 4, no. 4 (October 12, 2021): 3307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040184.
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This paper focuses on the Hellenistic Middle East, especially the age of Ptolemaic Alexandrian and Syrian Seleucid influence. It investigates and clarifies some of the Hellenistic-age historical and archaeological material culture within the Hellenisation and globalisation conceptions. Furthermore, it suggests that by reviewing the context of the local socio-cultural identities in the Hellenistic Oikoumene, mainly based on the lingua franca about local identity and how the local identity was expressed on coinage during Hellenistic times, many related insights issues can be revealed. In addition, it also attempts to discuss and reveal aspects of the cultural sharing achievements in Hellenistic art, architecture, and urban built environment planning. Finally, how did Eastern Hellenistic cities manage to benefit from the process of Hellenistic globalisation and localisation/globalisation while minimising identity risks? The focus is on the transnational socio-cultural and economic area of Ptolemaic Alexandria, the centre of the post-Classical Greek world, and the Syrian Seleucid influence. As an investment, mass migration and the transfer of goods, culture, and ideas increasingly transformed these Middle Eastern cities and shaped their translocal culture conception, local socio-cultural identities, cultural sharing, art and architecture edifice forms, and spatial patterns in the Hellenistic period. One of the main contributions and significance of this study is to continue the dialogue of how non-Greek influence in Hellenistic times impacted an area that has been traditionally seen as unaffected or minimally affected by years under foreign rule. This also sheds new light on some Greco-Macedonian topics not sufficiently debated in the Oikoumene discussion dialogue. These two aspects would furthermore contribute to better understanding and accepting the neglected role of the contribution of non-Greek culture to Greek achievements, as well as how the local non-Greek customs of the indigenous peoples of the Ptolemy and Seleucid kingdoms would affect how they assimilated Greco-Macedonian practices, and how the vision of Alexander the Great and Hellenisation worked in the different territories of these two kingdoms.
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Kumar Mishra, Amit. "Assessment of Climate Change Impact, Resistant Behavior, and Adaptation Possibilities on 16th to 18th Century CE Mughal Period’s Brick Monumental Structures of Haryana Region of the Indian Subcontinent." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 21, no. 3 (December 29, 2022): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj202221226.
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The value of the monumental structures of the Mughal era (1526 CE-1761 CE) of the Haryana region of India lies not only in its role as a witness to the rise and fall of the Mughal and Colonial eras, but also because it provides physical evidence for the austere tradition of give and take comprising the living knowledge and skill of Islamic architecture and indigenous skills, along with the geological origin of raw materials, artificial manufacturing, longevity, and durability of these huge earth-based masonry structures. Unfortunately, alterations due to the vagaries of weather and climate have badly affected the monumental structures, with even more damage possible in the future. Therefore, the objective of this work is the assessment of these monumental structures in terms of conservation and restoration work. Their survival thus far has been due to differences between the past and present climatic conditions, the structural strength of the monuments as a whole, and the durable characteristics of masonry materials. Hence, the identification of the environment affecting the monuments, and the intrinsic nature of masonry materials are valuable for determination of the expected stability and durability, and adaptation possibilities of monumental structures. Deterioration can be minimized by creating and retaining resilient environments around the monuments, which involves different approaches to planning, design, operation, management, value, and governance, and the use of suitable masonry materials as an adaptive measure, along with continuous monitoring of the actual impact.
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Ismail, Alice Sabrina, and Nurul Syaheera Aziz. "MACMA Islamic Ideology in Chinese Muslim Mosques Towards Universalizing Islam in Malaysia." Journal of Islamic Architecture 7, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i2.15777.
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Malaysia is the world's 43rd most populous country comprising multi-ethnic and multicultural societies. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with minorities of Chinese, Indians, and indigenous peoples. From this number, Chinese Muslims are minorities in Malaysia, and only 2 per cent of ethnic Chinese are Muslims. Nevertheless, there is a growing trend of accommodating Chinese cultural elements in Islamic preaching in Malaysia. Due to this recent emergence of Chinese Muslim cultural identities, Chinese cultural symbols and Islamic messages are combined to produce a new notion in Malaysian society that 'Chineseness' and Islam are compatible. For that reason, the Chinese Muslim association and dakwah movement in Malaysia, like MACMA (Malaysia Chinese Muslim Association), promulgate a cultural dakwah approach aiming to universalize Islam to spread the Islamic messages and invite non-Muslims to get closer to the Islamic faith. One of the approaches is building Chinese-style mosques throughout Malaysia as a symbol of preaching Islam through Chinese cultural signs and practices. However, no comprehensive studies have elucidated how mosques patronized by the MACMA universalize Islam for Muslims and non-Muslims. Therefore, this paper aims to identify and analyze how MACMA Islamic ideology influences the architectural design elements found in the MACMA mosques as a symbol of cultural dakwah to propagate and teach the values of Islam. This study used the hermeneutic method through the interpretivism paradigm. The two indicators of mosques, form-making, and spatial elements, act as a sign of Islamic values to propagate religious tolerance. The findings indicate how Islamic values and ideology involving the practising of Islah, Ikram, and Ihsan are translated into Mosque architectural elements as a symbol of dakwah to display communal-friendly mosque design. Based on these findings, this study will outline the best mosque design guidelines for designers that can function as a religious sign and symbol for transnational dimensions of cultural dakwah towards unity, equality, and spiritual rejuvenation.
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Logan Wagner, E. "The Continuity of Sacred Urban Open Space: Facilitating the Indian Conversion to Catholicism in Mesoamerica." Religion and the Arts 18, no. 1-2 (2014): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-01801005.
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During the sixteenth century, the Spanish crown sent Mendicant friars of the Franciscan, Dominican, and Augustinian monastic orders to evangelize and convert the indigenous people of America. With huge populations to convert, spread over an extremely vast territory, a limited number of friars had to find expedient ways to facilitate the conversion effort. Among the many conversion strategies used by the Mendicant friars under the early guidance of Fray Pedro de Gante were: to locate places of Christian worship over or near native ceremonial centers and continue the use of ceremonial open urban space; the incorporation of native religious rituals deemed compatible with Catholic liturgy such as processions, music, art, and dance; the creation of new architectural forms and open urban spaces to provide a setting for these rituals; and the substitution of native rituals for Catholic ceremonies including adjusting native and Catholic ritual calendric dates. Based on recent architectural field surveys and ethnographic documentation, this research focuses on the architectural and urban space adaptations that the missionary friars undertook to facilitate conversion efforts.
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PARKER, JOHN. "PRECOLONIAL AKAN TOWNS Building Technology and Settlement Planning in a West African Civilization: Precolonial Akan Cities and Towns. By TARIKHU FARRAR. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1996. Pp. xi + 217. No price given (ISBN 0-7734-2262-5)." Journal of African History 38, no. 1 (March 1997): 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796426901.
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Judging from the recent conference on Africa's Urban Past held at London's School of Oriental and African Studies, historians are increasingly – if somewhat belatedly – joining their colleagues in the social sciences in recognizing the continent's towns and cities as fruitful fields of research. While urban historians of North America and Europe have long regarded the built environment as a valuable source, the form of towns is only beginning to emerge as a topic of serious consideration in the African context. It is gratifying to note, therefore, that a number of contributors to the SOAS conference chose to focus on the ways in which both indigenous concepts of settlement and the physical organization of space have shaped Africa's urban centres as arenas of social, political and economic conflict. It is with these issues in mind that the reviewer approached this study of the architectural history of a people with a long tradition of urbanism and a highly nuanced terminology of settlement, the Akan of southern Ghana.
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Zhang, Yanshuo. "Tricking memory, remaking the city: Trompe l’oeil and the visual transformation of a historic city in China: Chengdu." Journal of Urban Cultural Studies 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00001_1.
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This article discusses how Chinese cities are transforming in visually radical ways to reconfigure their historic memories. In the midst of ‘creative city campaigns’ sweeping over China, which emphasize the discovery and exploitation of the creative-historic-cultural elements of urban pasts, Chengdu, one of China’s ‘New First-tier Cities’, epitomizes the pivotal role that visual culture plays in facilitating urban change. Grounded in critical analysis of both indigenous urban-making strategies within China and Chinese cities’ borrowing of western visual practices, this article investigates how Chengdu, as an emerging metropolis in globalizing China, introduces trompe l’oeil-style photographic installations on the site of its famous Kuanzhai Alleys (Kuanzhai xiangzi) transformation project. Urban planners in Chengdu take advantage of trompe l’oeil (‘trick-the-eye’), a post-Renaissance Western artistic innovation, to blur the boundaries between memory and reality. By transforming a vernacular architectural heritage site in Chengdu into a modern interactive cultural Disneyland, urban planners create embodied interactivity on the current tourist site of the Kuanzhai Alleys. While tourists indulge in the enchanting pleasure of a bygone urban past revived through visual tricks on the site, the people of Chengdu criticize the transformed district for failing to represent the authentic memories of the city. By revealing how the Kuanzhai Alleys becomes a site of contested urban experiences, the article probes the role of artistic creations in mediating memory and reality, the past and the present in fast-changing Chinese cities.
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Green, Ray, Piyush Tiwari, Jyoti Rao, and Ricki Hersburgh. "Strategies used by developers in seeking EnviroDevelopment certification for “sustainable” master-planned residential developments in Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 557–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-08-2017-0074.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore strategies used by developers of master-planned housing development projects in Victoria, Australia, for obtaining certification under the Urban Development Institute of Australia’s (UDIA) EnviroDevelopment (ED) sustainable development certification programme. To be awarded ED certification, a development must demonstrate that it meets the assessment criteria within at least four of the six ED “leaves”. These leaves relate to its performance in terms of energy, water, materials, waste, community and ecosystems. This study explored how developers make choices regarding sustainability features they build into the planning, design and management of their developments to gain the leaves needed for ED certification. Having this certification is valued by developers as it can be used to demonstrate the sustainability credentials of their developments to potential house buyers, the validity of which is backed up by a trusted independent non-profit organisation (UDIA). Design/methodology/approach The study sought to quantify the preferential weightings of nine developers in selecting ED “leaves” and the strategies they use for meeting the assessment criteria needed to obtain selected ED leaves. This was done using a novel data collection and analysis method, the analytical hierarchical process (AHP), which relies on respondents, in this case, developers of ED certified development projects, making pairwise comparisons between choices of different development factors associated with the different ED “leaves”. Findings The most highly preferred ED leaves were found to be community, energy and ecosystems. “Community facilities” and “on-site transportation” were the two most highly weighted factors associated with the community leaf. Energy, the next most preferred leaf, was most highly weighted on “saving on operational costs” for the consumers (home buyers). Here consumer demand factors seem to be driving preferences. The ecology leaf was the next most preferred, with “existing site conditions” being the most highly weighted factor for this leaf. For sites that already contain significant areas of indigenous habitat, such as wetlands, selecting this leaf would seem to be an attractive, and potentially lower cost, option. Existing ecologically significant natural areas that are preserved, and where necessary enhanced, can be used for marketing purposes and serve in fulfilling planning open-space contribution requirements. The developers were more indifferent to the water, waste and materials leaves; however, the water leaf was rated slightly higher than the other two and was most strongly associated with “recycled water” and opportunities for “water conservation”, another example of demand factors driving preferences. Originality/value The results of this study reveal the preferences of a small sample of developers in terms of how they weigh different factors in making decisions about acquiring sustainability certification for residential master-planned development projects through the UDIA’S ED programme. The findings provide insight into the types of decisions developers make in the process of seeking ED certification, which includes considerations of site characteristics, costs, predicted effectiveness of different interventions and usefulness for marketing and other factors in terms of which ED leaves to pursue and how to acquire them to gain ED certification. The study also tested the AHP method as a methodological tool for addressing this question. Modifications in how data are collected using the on-line survey can be made to allow the method to be more easily used with larger respondent sample sizes. Collection of more focussed data elicited from respondents with specific areas of expertise, for example, specialists in energy, water, landscape architecture and planning, ecology and other relevant areas of knowledge, should also been considered.
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Shawesh, Abubaker Mohamed. "Traditional Settlement in the Oasis of Ghadames in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya." Libyan Studies 26 (1995): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900002144.
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AbstractTraditional settlements in Libya reflect man's response to the harsh environmental conditions and the need to sustain the social organisation and respect social and cultural traditions. Thus urban dwellers have a strong desire for the morphology of settlements and the needs of indigenous habitats. This has played an important part in shaping the character of traditional Libyan cities and town. As far as people are concerned they are part of their community or neighbourhood. This paper reviews the old town of Ghadames to show how traditional settlement successfully responded to the geographical, environmental conditions and social needs. Attention is also focused on the architectural character, house form and building methods and materials, based on a survey carried out by the author in Ghadames oasis in August 1991. It attempts to establish the suitability of traditional building.
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Viñals, M. J., L. Teruel, and P. Alonso-Monasterio. "THE OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE OF THE HISTORIC COLONIAL CENTRE OF THE CITY OF GRACIAS (HONDURAS)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-565-2020.
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Abstract. This paper analyses the outstanding universal values, integrity, and authenticity of the city of Gracias (Honduras), as well as its protection and heritage management tools. The main objective is to demonstrate that Gracias meets the UNESCO requirements to qualify as a candidate for inclusion in the International List of the World Heritage Convention (1971). Gracias is a colonial Spanish city, founded in 1536, in the region of Lempira. It had great productive, strategic and administrative importance in Central America, demonstrated in part by its hosting of the ‘Audiencia de los Confines’. The ‘Audiencia’ was the highest court of the Spanish Crown with jurisdiction over the current republics of Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and the region of Chiapas. The aim of this court was to represent the interests of the indigenous people in these areas. An on-site analysis, diagnosis and assessment of the heritage elements was carried out from architectural, urban planning, historical, and intangible heritage perspectives. Additionally, other similar sites in Central America have been analysed for comparison. Results show that this city meets criterion iv of the World Heritage Convention: ‘an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history’. Furthermore, the city´s heritage assets are well-preserved and most of them remain functional; the indigenous culture is alive; and planning, conservation and managing tools are in use. Currently, Gracias maintains its harmony and life and its respect for the natural environment, creating a cultural landscape that has been maintained for almost 500 years.