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Journal articles on the topic 'Indigenous substance use'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Walls, Melissa, Kelley J. Sittner Hartshorn, and Les B. Whitbeck. "North American Indigenous adolescent substance use." Addictive Behaviors 38, no. 5 (May 2013): 2103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.01.004.

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2

Dunne, Michael P., Margaret A. Yeo, Julie Keane, and David B. Elkins. "Substance use by Indigenous and non-Indigenous primary school students." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 24, no. 5 (October 2000): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2000.tb00509.x.

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3

Snijder, Mieke, Lexine Stapinski, Briana Lees, James Ward, Patricia Conrod, Christopher Mushquash, Lorenda Belone, et al. "Preventing Substance Use Among Indigenous Adolescents in the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand: a Systematic Review of the Literature." Prevention Science 21, no. 1 (October 22, 2019): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-019-01038-w.

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Abstract This systematic review assessed the current evidence base of substance use prevention programs for Indigenous adolescents in the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The authors investigated (a) the outcomes, type, setting and context of prevention programs; (b) the common components of beneficial prevention programs; and (c) the methodological quality of evaluations of included prevention programs. The authors searched eight peer-reviewed and 20 grey literature databases for studies published between 1 January 1990 and 31 August 2017. Data extracted included type of program (culturally adapted, culture-based or unadapted), the setting (school, community, family or multi-setting), delivery (computerised or traditional), context (Indigenous-specific or multi-cultural environment) and common components of the programs. Program evaluation methodologies were critically appraised against standardised criteria. This review identified 26 eligible studies. Substance use prevention programs for Indigenous youth led to reductions in substance use frequency and intention to use; improvements in substance-related knowledge, attitudes and resistance strategies; and delay in substance use initiation. Key elements of beneficial programs included substance use education, skills development, cultural knowledge enhancement and community involvement in program development. Five programs were rated as methodologically strong, seven were moderate and fourteen were weak. Prevention programs have the potential to reduce substance use among Indigenous adolescents, especially when they are developed in partnership with Indigenous people. However, more rigorously conducted evaluation trials are required to strengthen the evidence base.

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Whitbeck, Les B., and Brian E. Armenta. "Patterns of substance use initiation among Indigenous adolescents." Addictive Behaviors 45 (June 2015): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.006.

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5

Maina, Geoffrey, Taryn Phaneuf, Megan Kennedy, Maeve Mclean, Ann Gakumo, Joseph Nguemo, Alexandra King, and Solomon Kasha Mcharo. "School-based interventions for preventing substance use in indigenous children ages 7–13: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 2 (February 2020): e034032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034032.

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IntroductionThroughout the world, indigenous peoples share traumatic colonial experiences that have caused gross inequalities for them and continue to impact every aspect of their lives. The effect of intergenerational trauma and other health disparities have been remarkable for Indigenous children and adolescents, who are at a greater risk of adverse mental health and addiction outcomes compared with non-indigenous people of the same age. Most indigenous children are exposed to addictive substances at an early age, which often leads to early initiation of substance use and is associated with subsequent physical and mental health issues, poor social and relational functioning, and occupational and legal problems. The aim of this paper is to report the protocol for the scoping review of school-based interventions for substance use prevention in Indigenous children ages 7–13 living in Canada, the USA, Australia and New Zealand. This scoping review seeks to answer the following questions: (1) What is known about indigenous school-based interventions for preventing substance use and (2) What are the characteristics and outcomes of school-based interventions for preventing substance use?Methods and analysisThis scoping review will use steps described by Arksey and O’Malley and Levac: (1) identifying the research question(s); (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) selecting the studies; (4) charting the data; (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results and (6) consulting with experts. Our findings will be reported according to the guidelines set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.Ethics and disseminationEthics review approval is not required for this project. Findings from this study will be presented to lay public, at scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.

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6

Stephens, Anne, India Bohanna, and Deborah Graham. "Expert Consensus to Examine the Cross-Cultural Utility of Substance Use and Mental Health Assessment Instruments for Use with Indigenous Clients." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 17, no. 3 (September 2017): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x1701700303.

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Evaluation of minority-culture specific treatment centres for substance use and mental health is challenging. The challenge is compounded by a paucity of validated instruments for assessing substance use and mental ill health. In the field of Australian Indigenous alcohol and other drug service provision there are few guidelines to determine which instruments should be targets for validation for use with Indigenous clients. As such, reliable, validated, evaluable data on the client population is limited, posing multifaceted concerns for clinicians and service providers as well as evaluators. The aim of this study was to pilot the use of a participatory expert consensus approach to evaluate, rate and select suitable majority-culture substance use and mental health assessment instruments for use with their clients. Eight practitioners of an Indigenous-specific substance misuse residential treatment centre participated. The findings reinforce the value of consensus approaches for stakeholder engagement and to provide a sense of ownership of the results. In this setting, consensus on the implementation of an agreed set of Indigenous-specific and non-Indigenous specific instruments improved the ownership of the instruments by clinicians allowing for the use of valid and/or reliable instruments that also had good face validity. This makes it more probable that reliable client wellbeing data will be collected. This is crucial to program evaluation at a later point in time. This study was a novel approach to generating evidence to inform practice in the absence of normative practice guidelines.

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Sittner Hartshorn, Kelley J., Les B. Whitbeck, and Patricia Prentice. "Substance Use Disorders, Comorbidity, and Arrest Among Indigenous Adolescents." Crime & Delinquency 61, no. 10 (December 6, 2012): 1311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128712466372.

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8

Davies, Megan E. "Developing Community Resilience through Grassroot Initiatives: Comparing Culturally Adapted Substance Use Prevention Programs Directed towards Indigenous Youth in Canada." Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 653–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/oaijss.v5i2.107.

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Considering the growing prevalence of substance use amongst young people, prevention programs targeting children and adolescents are needed to protect against related cognitive, psychological, and behavioural issues. Preventative programs that have been adapted to Canadian Indigenous cultures in school and family settings are discussed. The first and second phase of the Life Skills Training (LST) program and the Maskwacis Life Skills Training (MLST) program are reviewed, as well as Bii-Zin-Da-De-Da (BZDDD; “Listening to One Another”) and a culturally sensitive smoking prevention program. Motivating factors, comorbid disorders, and at-risk personality types associated with substance use amongst Canadian children and adolescents, specifically Indigenous youth, are considered through the application of the biopsychosocial model. This paper aims to describe the requital efforts being made in Canada towards Indigenous communities, to compare substance use prevention programs targeting Indigenous children and adolescents, and to provide suggestions for future research on preventative interventions directed towards substance use within minority groups.

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Walls, Melissa L., and Les B. Whitbeck. "Maturation, Peer Context, and Indigenous Girls’ Early-Onset Substance Use." Journal of Early Adolescence 31, no. 3 (April 12, 2010): 415–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431610366245.

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DINGWALL, KYLIE M., and SHEREE CAIRNEY. "Detecting psychological symptoms related to substance use among Indigenous Australians." Drug and Alcohol Review 30, no. 1 (January 2011): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00194.x.

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Nagel, Tricia. "Substance use and psychosis in the Territory." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 13 (2001): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000353.

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AbstractThere is increasing worldwide recognition of the social and economic burden of psychotic illness. Substance use disorders frequently complicate the treatment of psychosis and are associated with increased readmission rates, decreased compliance, and increased violence and suicide risk. The Northern Territory of Australia has a scattered remote population – 25% of whom are Indigenous people. There are increasing rates of drug use across the Territory, and hospital admission rates have been gradually increasing. Psychotic disorders are the most frequent cause of hospital admissions, and substance abuse complicates the majority of these admissions. It is imperative that comprehensive treatment programs are established, integrating services, and utilising culturally appropriate cost-effective strategies.

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Walls, Melissa L. "Marijuana and Alcohol Use during Early Adolescence: Gender Differences among American Indian/First Nations Youth." Journal of Drug Issues 38, no. 4 (October 2008): 1139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260803800410.

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This study examines the growth of alcohol and marijuana use during early adolescence among a sample of 746 Indigenous youth (aged 10–12 years at wave 1; 50.3% female) of the upper Midwest and Canada, with a special focus on potential gender differences in these patterns. Research documenting the disproportionately high rates of Indigenous substance use, coupled by our lack of understanding of gender patterns among this group—especially in very early adolescence—highlight the need for this culturally specific work. Results of latent growth curve analyses from three waves of annual data collection indicate that the females in our sample engage in alcohol and marijuana use at rates similar to or greater than their male peers. This finding counters conventional ideas of gender and substance use that place young males at elevated rates of use compared to females, and also adds to our understanding of gendered substance use patterns among Indigenous youth.

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Bingham, Brittany, Akm Moniruzzaman, Michelle Patterson, Jino Distasio, Jitender Sareen, John O’Neil, and Julian M. Somers. "Indigenous and non-Indigenous people experiencing homelessness and mental illness in two Canadian cities: A retrospective analysis and implications for culturally informed action." BMJ Open 9, no. 4 (April 2019): e024748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024748.

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ObjectivesIndigenous people in Canada are not only over-represented among the homeless population but their pathways to homelessness may differ from those of non-Indigenous people. This study investigated the history and current status of Indigenous and non-Indigenous people experiencing homelessness and mental illness. We hypothesised that compared with non-Indigenous people, those who are Indigenous would demonstrate histories of displacement earlier in life, higher rates of trauma and self-medication with alcohol and other substances.Design and settingRetrospective data were collected from a sample recruited through referral from diverse social and health agencies in Winnipeg and Vancouver.ParticipantsEligibility included being 19 years or older, current mental disorder and homelessness.MeasuresData were collected via interviews, using questionnaires, on sociodemographics (eg, age, ethnicity, education), mental illness, substance use, physical health, service use and quality of life. Univariate and multivariable models were used to model the association between Indigenous ethnicity and dependent variables.ResultsA total of 1010 people met the inclusion criteria, of whom 439 self-identified as Indigenous. In adjusted models, Indigenous ethnicity was independently associated with being homeless at a younger age, having a lifetime duration of homelessness longer than 3 years, post-traumatic stress disorder, less severe mental disorder, alcohol dependence, more severe substance use in the past month and infectious disease. Indigenous participants were also nearly twice as likely as others (47% vs 25%) to have children younger than 18 years.ConclusionsAmong Canadians who are homeless and mentally ill, those who are Indigenous have distinct histories and current needs that are consistent with the legacy of colonisation. Responses to Indigenous homelessness must be developed within the context of reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians, addressing trauma, substance use and family separations.Trial registration numberISRCTN42520374,ISRCTN57595077,ISRCTN66721740.

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Hop Wo, Nolan K., Kelly K. Anderson, Lloy Wylie, and Arlene MacDougall. "The prevalence of distress, depression, anxiety, and substance use issues among Indigenous post-secondary students in Canada." Transcultural Psychiatry 57, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461519861824.

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This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of mental illness and substance use among Indigenous students attending Canadian post-secondary institutions. We obtained data from the National College Health Assessment - American College Health Association Spring 2013 survey, which includes 34,039 participants in 32 post-secondary institutions across Canada. We calculated prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We compared Indigenous and non-Indigenous students using age- and sex-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) obtained from Poisson regression models. Of the total sample, 1,110 (3.3%) post-secondary students self-identified as Indigenous. Within the past 12 months, Indigenous students had higher odds of intentionally injuring themselves (PR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.27–1.84), seriously considering suicide (PR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.12–1.56), attempting suicide (PR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.16–2.62), or having been diagnosed with depression (PR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.08–1.47) or anxiety (PR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02–1.35) when compared with non-Indigenous students. Indigenous students also had higher odds of having a lifetime diagnosis of depression (PR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.17–1.47) when compared with non-Indigenous students. Indigenous students were more likely to report binging on alcohol (PR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.02–1.19), using marijuana (PR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.06–1.37), and using other recreational drugs (PR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.06–1.63) compared to non-Indigenous students. This study demonstrates that Indigenous students at post-secondary institutions across Canada experience higher prevalence of mental health and related issues compared to the non-Indigenous student population. This information highlights the need to assess the utilization and ensure the appropriate provision of mental health and wellness resources to support Indigenous students attending post-secondary institutions.

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Davison, Belinda, Robyn Liddle, Joseph Fitz, and Gurmeet R. Singh. "Computerised emotional well-being and substance use questionnaires in young Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian adults." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212090604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120906042.

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Background: Mental health disorders rank among the most substantial causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Almost half of Australian adults experience mental illness at some point in their lifetime, with Indigenous Australians disproportionally affected. Thus, it is imperative that effective, acceptable screening tools are used, which are tailored to the target population. Objectives: This research investigates the methodology of computerised questionnaires in assessing the emotional well-being and substance use in Indigenous and non-Indigenous young adults. Methods: Cross-sectional data from young adults (21–28 years) in the Life Course Program, Northern Territory, Australia, are presented. Through an extensive consultation process, validated questionnaires were adapted to a computerised format suitable for both remote and urban residing Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults. Results: Of the 576 participants (459 Indigenous, 117 non-Indigenous) available for assessment, high consent rates were seen, with completion rates >86%. One in three young adults in this cohort were highlighted as ‘at risk’ of psychological distress, and one in five as ‘at risk’ of suicidal ideation or self-harm. Conclusion: The target population of this study were at a critical age with high levels of psychological distress and suicidal ideation reported, particularly in Indigenous young adults. This simple, user-friendly, pictorial programme allowed assessment of a sensitive topic anonymously, while simultaneously collating data and identifying those at high risk, irrespective of literacy level or cultural background.

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Spein, A. R., H. Sexton, and S. Kvernmo. "Substance Use in Young Indigenous Sami: An Ethnocultural and Longitudinal Perspective." Substance Use & Misuse 42, no. 9 (January 1, 2007): 1379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826080701211693.

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O'Reilly, Bridie, Stuart Carr, Floyd Bolitho, Charles Roberts, and Janice Jessen. "Social ecology of substance use by tertiary students: Preliminary findings." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 13 (2001): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000328.

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AbstractThis study investigated the social ecology of substance use among 162 tertiary students studying at Northern Territory University in April 2000. The sample was predominantly female (69.6%), Australian born (70%), non-Indigenous (77.2%), not active in the labour market (58.8%) and intending to complete an undergraduate degree (62.7%). Substance use was prevalent, and 77.6% of students were current drinkers, 59.4% currently smoked tobacco and 28.5% used other drugs. Polydrug use was evident, with 24.8% of students using more than one substance on the same occasion in the previous month. Substance use tended to be associated with relaxing, socialising and wanting to feel good. Most students were not concerned about their alcohol use and their perceptions of normal drinking behaviour highlight the challenges in addressing substance misuse patterns in this population.

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Poole, Nancy, Deborah Chansonneuve, and Arlene Hache. "Improving Substance Use Treatment for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Women: Recommendations Arising From a Virtual Inquiry project." First Peoples Child & Family Review 8, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071729ar.

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This article describes the work undertaken by participants in a virtual community, who came together online over a 15-month period to improve supports for First Nations, Métis and Inuit women with substance use problems at risk of having a child affected by Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). The project exemplifies a collaborative process, inclusive of people from various geographical locations, cultures and professional sectors, affording participants the opportunity to weave together research, practice wisdom, policy expertise, and Indigenous Knowledge(s) in a voluntary, nonhierarchical context. Such virtual processes have the potential to support the development of nuanced recommendations reflective of the complexities of FASD prevention in Indigenous contexts taking into account multiple influences on women’s substance use, and a continuum of treatment responses. The article includes participants’ recommendations for improving Canada’s substance use system of care to address the treatment and support needs of First Nations, Métis and Inuit women.

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Charlson, Fiona J., and Holly E. Erskine. "Burden of mental and substance use disorders in Indigenous Australians and Oceania." Australasian Psychiatry 23, no. 6_suppl (December 2015): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856215608295.

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Maina, Geoffrey, Kerry Marshall, and Jordan Sherstobitof. "Untangling the Complexities of Substance Use Initiation and Recovery: Client Reflections on Opioid Use Prevention and Recovery From a Social-Ecological Perspective." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 15 (January 2021): 117822182110503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11782218211050372.

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Background: In Canada, the rate of opioid use, opioid use disorder (OUD), and associated mortality and morbidity are higher among Indigenous Peoples than the general population. Indigenous Peoples on medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD) often face distinct barriers that hinder their clinical progress, leading to treatment attrition. Methods: We used a social-ecological model to inquire into clients’ experiences with a history of treatment failure for OUD. We used exploratory qualitative research to engage 22 clients with a history of OUD treatment dropouts and who are currently on MOUD. In-depth, semi-structured interviews lasting an average of 30 minutes were conducted on-site. Results: We identified 4 themes from the study: (a) risk for substance use; (b) factors sustaining substance use; (c) factors leading to treatment, and (d) treatment failure and re-enrollment. Conclusion: Using a socio-ecological model helps to understand factors that influence an individual’s risk for OUD, decision to pursue treatment, and treatment outcomes. Furthermore, social ecological model also creates possibilities to develop supportive, multilevel interventions to prevent OUD risks and support for clients on MOUD. Such interventions include mitigating adverse childhood experiences, supporting families, and creating safe community environments.

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Maina, Geoffrey, Kerry Marshall, and Jordan Sherstobitof. "Untangling the Complexities of Substance Use Initiation and Recovery: Client Reflections on Opioid Use Prevention and Recovery From a Social-Ecological Perspective." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 15 (January 2021): 117822182110503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11782218211050372.

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Background: In Canada, the rate of opioid use, opioid use disorder (OUD), and associated mortality and morbidity are higher among Indigenous Peoples than the general population. Indigenous Peoples on medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD) often face distinct barriers that hinder their clinical progress, leading to treatment attrition. Methods: We used a social-ecological model to inquire into clients’ experiences with a history of treatment failure for OUD. We used exploratory qualitative research to engage 22 clients with a history of OUD treatment dropouts and who are currently on MOUD. In-depth, semi-structured interviews lasting an average of 30 minutes were conducted on-site. Results: We identified 4 themes from the study: (a) risk for substance use; (b) factors sustaining substance use; (c) factors leading to treatment, and (d) treatment failure and re-enrollment. Conclusion: Using a socio-ecological model helps to understand factors that influence an individual’s risk for OUD, decision to pursue treatment, and treatment outcomes. Furthermore, social ecological model also creates possibilities to develop supportive, multilevel interventions to prevent OUD risks and support for clients on MOUD. Such interventions include mitigating adverse childhood experiences, supporting families, and creating safe community environments.

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Lee, KS Kylie, Michelle Harrison, Scott Wilson, Warren Miller, Jimmy Perry, and Katherine M. Conigrave. "Integrated learning in a drug and alcohol university degree for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults: a case study." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 15, no. 1 (November 11, 2018): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180118806384.

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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) health professionals working in the alcohol and other drugs field perform a complex role in tackling substance misuse and related harms. Professional training and development opportunities for these “frontline” Indigenous alcohol and other drugs staff is key to prevent burnout and to allow them to work to their full potential. However, there are many barriers for those seeking to improve their skills. A number of teaching approaches have been described as important, but we were unable to identify peer-reviewed publications that detail the optimal approach to tailor university learning to meet the needs of Indigenous alcohol and other drugs health professionals. This article reflects on the experience of providing one such programme: a graduate diploma in Indigenous health and substance use, designed and delivered specifically for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mature-aged students.

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Marsh, Teresa Naseba, David C. Marsh, and Lisa M. Najavits. "The Impact of Training Indigenous Facilitators for a Two-Eyed Seeing Research Treatment Intervention for Intergenerational Trauma and Addiction." International Indigenous Policy Journal 11, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2020.11.4.8623.

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Intergenerational trauma in Indigenous Peoples was not the result of a targeted event, but rather political and governmental policies inflicted upon entire generations. The resultant effects of these traumas and multiple losses include addiction, depression, anxiety, violence, self-destructive behaviors, and suicide, to name but a few. Traditional healers, Elders, and Indigenous facilitators agree that the reclamation of traditional healing practices combined with conventional interventions could be effective in addressing intergenerational trauma and substance use disorders. Recent research has shown that the blending of Indigenous traditional healing practices and the Western treatment model Seeking Safety resulted in a reduction of intergenerational trauma (IGT) symptoms and substance use disorders (SUD). This article focuses on the Indigenous facilitators who were recruited and trained to conduct the sharing circles as part of the research effort. We describe the six-day training, which focused on the implementation of the Indigenous Healing and Seeking Safety model, as well as the impact the training had on the facilitators. Through the viewpoints and voices of the facilitators, we explore the growth and changes the training brought about for them, as well as their perception of how their changes impacted their clients.

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Antonio, Mapuana, and Jane Chung-Do. "Systematic Review of Interventions Focusing on Indigenous Adolescent Mental Health and Substance Use." American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 22, no. 3 (2015): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5820/aian.2203.2015.36.

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Pride, T., A. Lam, J. Swansburg, M. Seno, M. B. Lowe, E. Bomfim, E. Toombs, et al. "Trauma-informed Approaches to Substance Use Interventions with Indigenous Peoples: A Scoping Review." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 53, no. 5 (October 20, 2021): 460–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2021.1992047.

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Sittner, Kelley J. "Trajectories of Substance Use: Onset and Adverse Outcomes Among North American Indigenous Adolescents." Journal of Research on Adolescence 26, no. 4 (October 27, 2015): 830–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jora.12233.

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Urbanoski, Karen A. "Need for equity in treatment of substance use among Indigenous people in Canada." Canadian Medical Association Journal 189, no. 44 (November 6, 2017): E1350—E1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.171002.

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George, Julie, Melody Morton Ninomiya, Kathryn Graham, Sharon Bernards, and Samantha Wells. "The rationale for developing a programme of services by and for Indigenous men in a First Nations community." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 15, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180119841620.

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While mental well-being is recognized as a significant public health priority in numerous Indigenous communities, little work has focused on the mental health needs of Indigenous men. In this article, we describe results from the mixed-methods research used to inform the development of mental wellness programming for boys and men. Quantitative and qualitative data from two studies conducted in Kettle & Stony Point First Nation, an Indigenous community in southern Ontario, Canada, were used to (a) understand factors that contributed to issues of mental health, substance use and violence for men, (b) understand men’s experiences accessing and seeking supports and services, and (c) identify ways to address mental health, substance use and violence among boys and men in the community. We show how results from two studies ignited a group of men to develop a culturally strong and strengths-based programme of services as well as a wellness strategy for boys and men in the community.

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Ritland, Lisa, Victoria Thomas, Kate Jongbloed, David S. Zamar, Mary P. Teegee, Wenecwtsin-Kukpi Christian, Chris G. Richardson, Martin Guhn, Martin T. Schechter, and Patricia M. Spittal. "The Cedar Project: Relationship between child apprehension and attempted suicide among young Indigenous mothers impacted by substance use in two Canadian cities." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): e0252993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252993.

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Indigenous leaders are gravely concerned over disproportionate representation of Indigenous children in Canada’s child welfare systems. Forced separation from children is deeply traumatizing for mothers and detrimental to the wellbeing of Indigenous families, communities and Nations. This study examined relationships between child apprehension and suicide attempt within a cohort of young Indigenous women impacted by substance use. We utilized data collected every 6 months (2008–2016) by the Cedar Project, an Indigenous-governed cohort study involving young Indigenous people who use drugs in British Columbia, Canada. Recent child apprehension was defined as having a child apprehended by the Ministry of Child and Family Development since last visit. Recurrent event Cox proportional hazards models estimated the independent effect of child apprehension on maternal suicide attempt. Among 293 participants, 78 (27%) reported 136 child apprehensions; incidence of first apprehension was 6.64 (95%CI: 5.25–8.29) per 100 person-years. Forty-seven (16%) participants reported 75 suicide attempts with an incidence of 4.00 (95%CI: 2.94–5.33) per 100 person-years. Participants who reported recent child apprehension (HR: 1.88, 95%CI: 1.00–3.55), had a parent attend residential school (HR: 4.12, 95%CI: 1.63–10.46), experienced recent sexual assault (HR: 4.04, 95%CI: 2.04–7.99), violence (HR: 2.54, 95%CI: 1.52–4.27) or overdose (HR: 4.97, 95%CI: 2.96–8.35) were more likely to attempt suicide. Participants who had a traditional language spoken in the home growing up were half as likely to attempt suicide (HR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.23–1.01). Results suggest that child welfare systems in Canada perpetuate historical and intergenerational trauma among young Indigenous mothers. Indigenous self-determination over child welfare and culturally safe services are urgently needed to end cycles of child apprehension and support the wellbeing of families, communities and Nations.

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Downey, Nicole. "The Importance of Culture in Treating Substance Use Disorder: Example Application With Indigenous People." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 59, no. 6 (June 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20210512-02.

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Gone, Joseph P., and Patrick E. Calf Looking. "The Blackfeet Indian culture camp: Auditioning an alternative indigenous treatment for substance use disorders." Psychological Services 12, no. 2 (2015): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ser0000013.

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Whitesell, Nancy Rumbaugh, and Carol E. Kaufman. "Substance Use Disorders Among Indigenous Youth in Developmental Perspective: Diversity, Diagnostic Tools, and Resilience." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 56, no. 2 (February 2017): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.12.005.

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Wendt, Dennis C., William E. Hartmann, James Allen, Jacob A. Burack, Billy Charles, Elizabeth J. D'Amico, Colleen A. Dell, et al. "Substance Use Research with Indigenous Communities: Exploring and Extending Foundational Principles of Community Psychology." American Journal of Community Psychology 64, no. 1-2 (July 31, 2019): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12363.

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Dolan, Kate, Ana Rodas, and Adam Bode. "Drug and alcohol use and treatment for Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous prisoners: demand reduction strategies." International Journal of Prisoner Health 11, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-02-2014-0005.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the use of drugs and alcohol by Indigenous and non-Indigenous prisoners and examine relevant treatment in Australian prisons. Design/methodology/approach – Prison authorities were surveyed about alcohol and drug use by prisoners prior to and during imprisonment and drug and alcohol treatment programs in prison. The literature was review for information on alcohol and drug use and treatment in Australian prisons. Findings – In 2009, over 80 percent of Indigenous and non-Indigenous inmates smoked. Prior to imprisonment, many Indigenous and non-Indigenous inmates drank alcohol at risky levels (65 vs 47 percent) and used illicit drugs (over 70 percent for both groups). Reports of using heroin (15 vs 21 percent), ATS (21 vs 33 percent), cannabis (59 vs 50 percent) and injecting (61 vs 53 percent) were similarly high for both groups. Prison-based programs included detoxification, Opioid Substitution Treatment, counselling and drug free units, but access was limited especially among Indigenous prisoners. Research limitations/implications – Drug and alcohol use was a significant issue in Australian prisons. Prisoners were over five times more likely than the general population to have a substance use disorder. Imprisonment provides an important opportunity for rehabilitation for offenders. This opportunity is especially relevant to Indigenous prisoners who were more likely to use health services when in prison than in the community and given their vast over representations in prison populations. Practical implications – Given the effectiveness of treatment in reducing re-offending rates, it is important to expand drug treatment and especially culturally appropriate treatment programs for Indigenous inmates. Originality/value – Very little is known about Indigenous specific drug and alcohol programs in Australian prisons.

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Bedford, Olwen, and Kuang-Hui Yeh. "The Contribution of Chinese Process Thought to Psychology as a Global Science: Filial Piety as an Example." Review of General Psychology 24, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089268019889337.

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In this article, we use Birch and Cobb’s argument for the application of dual paradigms in the natural sciences and theoretical advances in Chinese indigenous psychology to indicate how a process-relational perspective can contribute to the development of psychology as a global science able to represent the full human experience. We first review the philosophical foundations of mainstream psychology, which emphasizes substance thinking and methodological individualism, and highlight its limitations for supporting truly culture-inclusive global research. Scholars in other natural science disciplines have likewise encountered limitations with a substance approach. Birch and Cobb described a paradigm shift from a substance perspective focused on entities to a process perspective focused on relationships and advocated that a multi-paradigm approach be adopted in natural science research. Chinese indigenous psychologists have made a similar theoretical argument with respect to the field of psychology, but there are few examples of the application of their ideas. We trace the development of Chinese filial piety as a psychological concept to demonstrate in detail how a multi-paradigm approach encompassing a Chinese process-relational perspective and indigenous research can harmonize with the mainstream perspective to contribute to culture-inclusive global psychological research.

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Sikorski, Claudia, Scott Leatherdale, and Martin Cooke. "Tobacco, alcohol and marijuana use among Indigenous youth attending off-reserve schools in Canada: cross-sectional results from the Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 39, no. 6/7 (June 2019): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.39.6/7.01.

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Introduction Ongoing surveillance of youth substance use is essential to quantify harms and to identify populations at higher risk. In the Canadian context, historical and structural injustices make monitoring excess risk among Indigenous youth particularly important. This study updated national prevalence rates of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among Indigenous and non-Indigenous students. Methods Differences in tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were examined, using logistic regression, among 1700 Indigenous and 22 800 non-Indigenous youth in Grades 9–12 who participated in the 2014/15 Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey. Differences by sex were also examined. Mean age of first alcohol and marijuana use was compared in the two populations using OLS regression. Results were compared to 2008/09 data. Results While smoking, alcohol, and marijuana rates have decreased compared to 2008/09 in both populations, the gap between the populations has mostly not. In 2014/15, Indigenous youth had higher odds of smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 5.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.54–7.81) and past-year drinking (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.16– 1.76) than non-Indigenous youth. More Indigenous than non-Indigenous youth attempted quitting smoking. Non-Indigenous males were less likely to have had at least one drink in the past-year compared to non-Indigenous females. Indigenous males and females had higher odds of past-year marijuana use than non-Indigenous males (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.32–2.56) and females (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 2.15–3.84). Indigenous youth, especially males, drank alcohol and used marijuana at younger ages. Conclusion Additional policies and programs are required to help Indigenous youth be successful in their attempts to quit smoking, and to address high rates of alcohol and marijuana use.

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Heris, Christina L., Catherine Chamberlain, Lina Gubhaju, David P. Thomas, and Sandra J. Eades. "Factors Influencing Smoking Among Indigenous Adolescents Aged 10–24 Years Living in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States: A Systematic Review." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 11 (November 27, 2019): 1946–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz219.

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Abstract Introduction Smoking rates are higher among Indigenous populations in most high-income countries with initiation primarily occurring in adolescence for all population groups. This review aims to identify protective and risk factors for smoking behavior among Indigenous adolescents and young adults. Aims and Methods We searched Medline, Embase, and Psychinfo for all original research published between January 2006 and December 2016 that reported influences on smoking for Indigenous adolescents or young adults aged 10–24 living in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States (US). Extracted data were coded to individual, social, and environmental level categories using a modified Theory of Triadic Influence framework. Results A total of 55 studies were included, 41 were descriptive quantitative and 14 qualitative, and 26 included Indigenous participants only. The majority were from the US (32). Frequently reported influences were at the individual and social levels such as increasing age; attitudes and knowledge; substance use; peer and family relationships; smoking norms; mental health; physical activity. At the environmental level, smoke-free spaces; second-hand smoke exposure; high community level prevalence; and social marketing campaigns were also frequently reported. Some studies referenced price, access, and traditional tobacco use. Few reported historical and cultural factors. Conclusions Young Indigenous people experience similar influences to other populations such as smoking among family and friends. Greater youth smoking is related to broader community level prevalence, but few studies explore the distal or historical contributing factors such as traditional tobacco use, colonization, experiences of intergenerational trauma and discrimination, or the role of cultural connection. Implications This review identified a range of factors that influence Indigenous youth smoking and contributes to an understanding of what prevention measures may be effective. Youth tobacco use occurs alongside other substance use and may also serve as an indicator of mental health. Comprehensive community-based programs that work more broadly to address the risk factors related to tobacco, including improving youth mental health, will be important for other behaviors as well. This research highlights the importance of social influence and need for ongoing denormalization of smoking. Future Indigenous led and community owned research is needed to identify likely protective cultural factors.

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Nutton, Jennifer, and Elizabeth Fast. "Historical Trauma, Substance Use, and Indigenous Peoples: Seven Generations of Harm From a “Big Event”." Substance Use & Misuse 50, no. 7 (June 7, 2015): 839–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2015.1018755.

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Treloar, Carla, and L. Clair Jackson. "Commentary on Historical Trauma, Substance Use, and Indigenous People: Seven Generations From a “Big Event”." Substance Use & Misuse 50, no. 7 (March 16, 2015): 891–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2015.985567.

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Ross, Amélie, Jacinthe Dion, Michael Cantinotti, Delphine Collin-Vézina, and Linda Paquette. "Impact of residential schooling and of child abuse on substance use problem in Indigenous Peoples." Addictive Behaviors 51 (December 2015): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.014.

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Winters, Emily, and Nick Harris. "The Impact of Indigenous Identity and Treatment Seeking Intention on the Stigmatization of Substance Use." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 18, no. 5 (November 15, 2019): 1403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00162-6.

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Pearce, Margo E., Kate Jongbloed, Sherri Pooyak, Wenecwtsin M. Christian, Maaxswxw Gibuu (White Wolf) Mary Teegee, Nadine R. Caron, Victoria Thomas, et al. "The Cedar Project: exploring the role of colonial harms and childhood maltreatment on HIV and hepatitis C infection in a cohort study involving young Indigenous people who use drugs in two Canadian cities." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e042545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042545.

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ObjectivesThis study examined associations between childhood maltreatment, colonial harms and sex/drug-related risks for HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among young Indigenous people who use drugs.DesignThe Cedar Project is a cohort involving young Indigenous people who use drugs in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Indigenous collaborators, collectively known as the Cedar Project Partnership, govern the entire research process.SettingVancouver is a large city on the traditional territory of the Coast Salish peoples. Prince George is a mid-sized city, on the traditional territory of Lheidli T’enneh First Nation.Participants420 participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and returned for follow-up from 2003 to 2016.Primary/secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were HIV and HCV infection over the study period. Secondary outcomes included sex and substance use-related risks.ResultsPrevalence of childhood maltreatment was 92.6% experienced any maltreatment; 73.4% experienced emotional abuse; 62.6% experienced physical abuse; 60.3% experienced sexual abuse; 69.5% experienced emotional neglect and 79.1% experienced physical neglect. We observed significant associations between childhood maltreatment and apprehensions into residential schools and foster care. All maltreatment types were associated with higher odds of sex/substance use-related risks; sexual abuse was associated with higher odds of HCV infection (adjusted OR: 1.67; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.66; p=0.031).ConclusionsFindings reflect high prevalence of childhood maltreatment and their associations with HIV/HCV risk and HCV infection. Public health prevention and treatment initiatives must be trauma informed and culturally safe to support healing, health, and well-being.

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Spein, Anna Rita. "Substance use among young indigenous Sami—a summary of findings from the North Norwegian Youth Study." International Journal of Circumpolar Health 67, no. 1 (March 2008): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v67i1.18248.

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44

Avila, Maria Mercedes, Christine Begay Vining, Joshuaa Allison-Burbank, and Christine Velez. "Health Equity for Abenaki Indigenous People: Improving Access to Quality Mental Health and Substance Use Services." Health Equity 6, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/heq.2022.0091.

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Ober, Coralie, Kaeleen Dingle, Alexandra Clavarino, Jake M. Najman, Rosa Alati, and Edward B. Heffernan. "Validating a screening tool for mental health and substance use risk in an Indigenous prison population." Drug and Alcohol Review 32, no. 6 (June 27, 2013): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dar.12063.

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Lee, K. S. Kylie, Monique Jagtenberg, Charles M. Ellis, and Katherine M. Conigrave. "Pressing need for more evidence to guide efforts to address substance use among young Indigenous Australians." Health Promotion Journal of Australia 24, no. 2 (July 4, 2013): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/he12923.

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Ritland, Lisa, Kate Jongbloed, April Mazzuca, Victoria Thomas, Chris G. Richardson, Patricia M. Spittal, and Martin Guhn. "Culturally Safe, Strengths-Based Parenting Programs Supporting Indigenous Families Impacted by Substance Use—a Scoping Review." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 18, no. 6 (March 2, 2020): 1586–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00237-9.

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Pinedo, Miguel, D. Eastern Kang Sim, Rebeca Espinoza Giacinto, and Maria Luisa Zuñiga. "An Exploratory Study of Internal Migration and Substance Use Among an Indigenous Community in Southern Mexico." Family & Community Health 39, no. 1 (2016): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000085.

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Rodzlan Hasani, Wan Shakira, Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes, Shubash Shander Ganapathy, Nur Liana Ab Majid, Hamizatul Akmal Abd Hamid, and Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff. "Patterns of polysubstance use among adults in Malaysia—A latent class analysis." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): e0264593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264593.

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Introduction Polysubstance use is the use of more than one non-prescribed licit or illicit substance at one time. This is a common phenomenon, but little is known about the severity and the various substances used by adults in Malaysia. Objective To determine the pattern of polysubstance use and its associated factors among general adults in Malaysia. Methodology This was a secondary data analysis from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019), a cross-sectional population survey with a two-stage stratified random sampling design. A total of 10,472 Malaysians aged 18 years and above participated in this survey. Polysubstance use was defined as concurrent use of more than one substance, either alcohol, tobacco, or drugs (opioids, marijuana, amphetamine/ methamphetamine or kratom). A latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify the membership of polysubstance groups. The association of class membership with demographic profiles was examined using Multinomial Logistic Regression analysis. Results Fit indices (AIC = 16458.9, BIC = 16443.6) from LCA supported 3 classes solution: Class 1; “moderate-drug” group primarily combination used of tobacco and alcohol (2.4%), Class 2; “high-drug” group using multiple substance including kratom (0.3%) and Class 3; “low-drug” group reporting minimal alcohol and tobacco use or non-user (97.3%). The multinomial model showed young adults (18–40 years) had a higher likelihood of being polysubstance users both for moderate-drug class (OR = 4.1) and high-drug class (OR = 3.9) compared to older age (≥60 years). Chinese (OR = 18.9), Indian (OR = 23.3), Indigenous Sabah & Sarawak (OR = 34.6) and others ethnicity (OR = 8.9) showed higher odds of being moderate-drug users than Malays. The greater odds of moderate-drug use for males (OR = 35.5), working groups (OR = 1.5) and low education level group (OR = 3.2). Conclusion Our study highlights patterns and demographics related to the use of polysubstances among adults in Malaysia. These results would help formulate specific prevention programmes for these high-risk groups.

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Salaheen, Z., A. Moghaddamjou, and MG Fehlings. "P.188 Neurotrauma in Indigenous populations of Canada: challenges and future directions: A Scoping Review." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 48, s3 (November 2021): S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2021.464.

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Background: Neurotrauma accounts for over 24 000 hospitalizations annually in Canada. Among those affected, Indigenous peoples are disproportionately impacted. The goal of this scoping review is to identify factors underlying these disparities. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to collect papers pertaining to neurotrauma in Indigenous populations of Canada. Using MEDLINE, 676 articles were screened with MeSH terms including ‘Indigenous’, ‘spinal cord injuries’, ‘brain injuries, traumatic’ and ‘Canada’ as of April 2021. Results: Studies report over twice the incidence of traumatic brain injury and traumatic spinal cord injury in Indigenous populations compared to non-Indigenous populations. The burden of neurotrauma is attributable to infrastructure disparities in rural communities and reserves, elevated rates of substance use and violence, and inequities in treatment and rehabilitation following injury. These issues are deeply rooted in the trauma endured by Indigenous peoples through the course of Canadian history, owing to government policies that severely impacted their socioeconomic conditions, culture, and access to healthcare services. Conclusions: Systems-level interventions guided by Indigenous community members will help to address the disparities that Indigenous peoples face in the care and rehabilitation of neurotrauma. This study will inform further research of culturally appropriate approaches to reduce neurotrauma burden among Indigenous peoples.

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