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MacDonald, Fiona. "Indigenous Peoples and Neoliberal “Privatization” in Canada: Opportunities, Cautions and Constraints." Canadian Journal of Political Science 44, no. 2 (June 2011): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000842391100014x.
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Abstract.This article addresses the impact of the current neoliberal political context for Indigenous governance in Canada. While some observers have argued correctly that the neoliberal context provides new opportunities or points of entry in the political opportunity structure for “self-government” initiatives (Helvin, 2006; Scott, 2006; Slowey, 2008), I examine to what extent recent decentralizing initiatives, generally viewed as “concessions” made by the state to meet the demands of Indigenous peoples, must be evaluated as part of a broader governmental strategy of neoliberalism. This strategy is not simply about meeting the demands of Indigenous peoples but also about meeting the requirements of the contemporary governmental shift towards “privatization” within liberal democratic states. As such, I argue that certain manifestations of Indigenous self-government are vulnerable to criticisms launched against practices of privatization, practices which include a variety of policies designed to promote a shifting of contentious issues out of the public sphere and thereby limiting public debate and collective—that is, state—responsibility.Résumé.Le présent article analyse d'un oeil critique l'impact du contexte politique néolibéral actuel sur la gouvernance autochtone au Canada. Certains auteurs ont avancé avec raison que le contexte néolibéral donnait aux peuples autochtones de nouveaux points d'entrée pour leurs initiatives d'autogouvernance (Helvin, 2006; Scott, 2006; Slowey, 2008). Toutefois, j'examine ici dans quelle mesure les tentatives récentes de décentralisation, souvent comprises comme des «concessions» faites par l'État pour répondre aux revendications des peuples autochtones, doivent être évaluées dans le cadre plus vaste d'une stratégie de néolibéralisme du gouvernement. Cette stratégie ne vise pas uniquement à répondre aux besoins des peuples autochtones, mais aussi à permettre au gouvernement de s'orienter vers la «privatisation» qui distingue l'État libéral démocratique contemporain. À ce titre, je soutiens que certaines manifestations d'autogouvernance des Autochtones peuvent se prêter aux mêmes critiques que les pratiques de privatisation, qui comprennent diverses politiques visant à retirer de la place publique certains sujets controversés afin de limiter le débat public et la responsabilité collective, c'est-à-dire celle de l'État.
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Koller, Katalin Eve, and Kay Rasmussen. "Generative Learning and the Making of Ethical Space: Indigenizing Forest School Teacher Training in Wabanakik." Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning 7, no. 1 (June 2, 2021): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15402/esj.v7i1.70065.
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This reflection on community-driven research in process is written from the perspective of graduate student co-researchers collaborating with Wabanaki community co-researchers on a pilot project involving a Wabanaki and a non-Indigenous organization. Three Nations Education Group Inc. (TNEGI) represents three Wabanaki schools and communities in Northeast Turtle Island. The Child and Nature Alliance of Canada (CNAC) offers a Forest and Nature School Practitioner Course (FNSPC) for educators seeking to operate forest schools. These diverse organizations have developed a pilot FNSPC training for a group of TNEGI educators, with the purpose of Indigenizing the FNSPC. This is necessary to address the Eurocentric forest and nature school practices in Canada, which often fail to recognize the herstories, presence, rights, and diversity of Indigenous Peoples and places. TNEGI educators envision a land-based pedagogy that centers Wabanaki perspectives and merges Indigenous and Western knowledges. In the FNSPC pilot, the co-researchers generated course changes as they progressed through the pilot, decolonizing the content and format as they went. Developing this Indigenized version of the FNSPC will have far-reaching implications for the CNAC Forest School ethos and teacher training delivery. This essay maps our collaborative efforts thus far in creating an ethical research space within this Indigenous/non-Indigenous research initiative and lays out intentions for the road ahead.
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Bennett, Mia M., Wilfrid Greaves, Rudolf Riedlsperger, and Alberic Botella. "Articulating the Arctic: contrasting state and Inuit maps of the Canadian north." Polar Record 52, no. 6 (May 12, 2016): 630–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247416000164.
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ABSTRACTThis paper compares four maps produced by the Canadian government and Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, the indigenous peoples’ organisation representing Inuit living in the four recognised Inuit regions (Inuit Nunangat) of Canada. Our analysis is based on publicly available maps, documents, and records and extends the rich existing literature examining the history of definitions of the Canadian north. Distinctly, our research aims to understand the different ways in which the Arctic has been articulated as a geographic, political, and social region during the Harper government (2006–2015) and the effects these articulations have had on northern policy and people. We find that the federal government maintained a flexible definition of the Canadian Arctic as a region when in pursuit of its own policy objectives. However, when it comes to incorporating areas outside the boundaries of Canada's three federal territories, particularly communities along their southern fringes, those boundaries are inflexible. The people who live in these areas, which the state considers to be outside the Canadian Arctic, are marginalised within Arctic public policy in terms of access to federal funds, determination of land use, and a sense of social belonging to the Canadian Arctic. Our goal in this paper is to demonstrate that national-level disputes over what constitutes ‘the Arctic’ can significantly impact the day-to-day lives of people who live within and just outside the region, however it is conceived.
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Gunn, Brenda L. "OVERCOMING OBSTACLES TO IMPLEMENTING THE UN DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN CANADA." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 31, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v31i1.4319.
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The majority vote by the General Assembly, which brought the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples into existence as an international instrument, was just the first step. Now the long and difficult road of implementation begins. Implementation requires the application of international law in a specific national context. This article explores the potential obstacles to implement the UN Declaration in Canada and suggest avenues to overcome these obstacles. This article concludes that the main obstacle is not a legal one, but rather a lack of political will. Given the limited understandings of the UN Declaration as an international instrument and how international law applies in Canada, this article provides an overview of the significance of a Declaration in international law and also explains how international law applies in Canada. The main recommendation to promote implementation is greater education on the UN Declaration. However, there are also many actions that Indigenous peoples, lawyers and advocates can take to promote implementation in legal and political domains that are discussed at the end of the article. Le vote majoritaire de l’Assemblée générale, qui a donné naissance à la Déclaration des Nations unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones comme instrument international, était la toute première étape. Commence maintenant le long et difficile parcours vers sa mise en œuvre. Cette mise en œuvre requiert l’application du droit international dans un contexte national particulier. Le présent article examine les obstacles potentiels à la mise en œuvre de la Déclaration des Nations unies au Canada et propose des avenues pour surmonter ces obstacles. Cet article conclut que le principal obstacle n’est pas de nature juridique, mais réside dans l’absence de volonté politique. Étant donné que la Déclaration des Nations unies en tant qu’instrument international et la façon dont le droit international s’applique au Canada ne sont pas bien compris, cet article offre un aperçu de la signification d’une Déclaration en droit international et explique également comment le droit international s’applique au Canada. Pour promouvoir sa mise en œuvre, on recommande principalement une éducation accrue concernant la Déclaration des Nations unies. Il existe en outre bon nombre de mesures que les peuples autochtones, les avocats et les défenseurs de droits peuvent prendre pour encourager sa mise en œuvre dans les milieux juridiques et politiques. Ces mesures sont abordées à la fin de l’article.
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Karsgaard, Carrie, and Maggie MacDonald. "Picturing the pipeline: Mapping settler colonialism on Instagram." New Media & Society 22, no. 7 (July 2020): 1206–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444820912541.
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Through mainstream discourses that infuse all components of society, settler superiority is naturalized in Canada. This process occurs at the expense of Indigenous peoples who continue to be displaced from the land, which is conceptualized as a ‘resource’. Despite the seemingly static nature of settler colonialism, its hegemony is both contested and reinforced through the participatory social space of Instagram. Though it is primarily known for its aesthetic and visual communication properties, Instagram’s visuality contributes substantially to public discourse, enabling resistant and political expressions around specific issues. Using data collected from Instagram, this article maps the social life of Canada’s controversial Trans Mountain pipeline issue, as it develops under medium-specific affordances. Around the Trans Mountain pipeline issue, hashtags and imagery mutually inform one another on Instagram, connecting highly located and temporal experiences with national policies, as users performatively challenge and reinforce social relations as they exist under settler colonialism.
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Heaney, Kevin D., Christopher Verlinden, Kerri D. Seger, Jennifer Brandon, Leila Hatch, Martha Schönau, and Andrew Heaney. "The Arctic underwater soundscape today and as projected for 2030." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011059.
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Canada, the United States, and the World Wildlife Fund are co-sponsoring ongoing work in the Arctic Council’s Protection for the Marine Environment Working Group to evaluate shipping noise in the Arctic region. Applied Ocean Sciences has used ship tracking and sea ice data to model the region’s underwater soundscape to improve understanding of radiated noise generated by shipping throughout the PanArctic. Current (2019) models have been compared with ambient noise measurements collected during time periods when vessel sounds were identifiably present and when biological sounds were not. Projections of ice cover and shipping routes along and between the northern borders of Arctic countries were used to forecast potential future (2030) Arctic soundscapes. Focused interpretation of these model results within sub-regions, time periods, and frequencies important to marine fauna and in turn to indigenous peoples will be provided to PAME and other fora seeking to guide the development of shipping practices and mitigation strategies. The final results will be incorporated as a PAME/Arctic Council product. This presentation will focus on the acoustic modeling work under projected sea ice conditions, maps of “excess noise” induced by ships in 2019 and 2030, and risk assessment for a few endemic marine mammal species.
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Bonny, Eleanor, and Fikret Berkes. "Communicating traditional environmental knowledge: addressing the diversity of knowledge, audiences and media types." Polar Record 44, no. 3 (July 2008): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247408007420.
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ABSTRACTAlthough there are a number of distinct audiences (for example students, hunter and trapper organisations, and co-management agencies) for traditional environmental knowledge, little work has been done in analysing how indigenous knowledge can be best communicated to these different groups. Using examples mainly from northern Canada and Alaska, we explore the challenge of collecting and communicating different kinds of traditional environmental knowledge; the media types or communication modes that can be used; and the appropriateness of these kinds of media for communicating with different audiences. A range of communication options is available, including direct interaction with knowledge holders, use of print media, maps, DVD/video, audio, CD ROM, and websites. These options permit a mix-and-match to find the best fit between kinds of knowledge, the intended audience, and the media type used. This paper does not propose to replace traditional methods of communication with technology. Rather, we examine how technology can serve community and other needs. No single option emerges as a clear best choice for communicating indigenous knowledge. Nevertheless, various media types offer avenues through which northern people can meet their educational, cultural, and political needs, and build cross-cultural understanding.
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Favrholdt, Kenneth C. "Indigenous Peoples Atlas of Canada." Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization 54, no. 4 (December 2019): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cart.54.4.2018-0026.
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Lee, Deborah. "Research and Indigenous Librarianship in Canada." Canadian Journal of Academic Librarianship 5 (May 31, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/cjal-rcbu.v5.29922.
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This thought piece provides helpful information about ethical research practices related to research involving Indigenous peoples so that academic librarians (both Indigenous and non-Indigenous) are better informed about the complex issues that exist and arise in such endeavours. Woven throughout the paper are guidance and strategies to avoid causing harm when doing research with Indigenous peoples and communities, such as misrepresenting Indigenous peoples, cultures, and epistemologies. A brief account of the legacy of a long history of unethical research practices conducted by Western researchers who extracted Indigenous knowledge speaks to why Indigenous peoples do not trust academic research projects. Researchers need to question their own motives when they consider conducting research with Indigenous peoples and to respect that we want to be involved in our own solutions and in research that utilizes Indigenous values, with the goal that “nothing [is done] about us without us.” Key to building relationships and finding success in the research undertaken are an in-depth understanding of Indigenous protocols, values, and ways of knowing, as well as evidence of the researcher making a long-term commitment to the research and the community. Further, such an understanding provides an access point for librarians to contribute to the decolonization of library services while supporting Indigenous researchers.
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Havemann (Hrsg.), Paul. "Indigenous Peoples´ Rights in Australia, Canada." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 32, no. 4 (1999): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1999-4-574.
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Menezes, Dwayne Ryan. "Canada, Indigenous Peoples and Northern Borders." Round Table 106, no. 5 (September 3, 2017): 579–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2017.1377905.
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Weeks, Nancy C. "Autonomy of Indigenous Peoples in Canada." Nordic Journal of International Law 54, no. 1-2 (1985): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187529385x00048.
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Reading, Jeffrey, Charlotte Loppie, and John O’Neil. "Indigenous health systems governance." International Journal of Health Governance 21, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-08-2016-0044.
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Purpose Almost 20 years after the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, indigenous peoples living in Canada continue to pursue their legitimate aspirations for greater control over factors affecting their lives. The purpose of this paper is to summarize two major policies (the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)) that aimed to create equity for indigenous peoples’. Design/methodology/approach Commentary and rapid communication to inform and clarify evolving high-priority policy and governance issues related to indigenous peoples’ of Canada. Findings A need exists to create a platform for implementing the TRC actions to protect and promote education, language and culture, justice, youth programming, and professional training and development. Research limitations/implications Innovative intervention research needs to develop solutions to multi-generational disparities in health and well-being for indigenous peoples of Canada and globally. Practical implications Failure to implement longstanding changes to improve indigenous health and well-being will result if a growing burden of premature morbidity and mortality among indigenous population of Peoples’ of Canada, the fastest growing population group with the most challenging health status in Canada. Social implications Indigenous peoples continue to experience profound health vulnerability leading to high health risks, growing health disparities and unequal access to health care services. Originality/value Connecting policy over two decades, for implementation to proceed, sharing of knowledge is essential to formulate innovative approaches, to engage research and build capacity to implement policy actions related to closing educational gaps, to developing culturally appropriate curricula acknowledging and protecting Aboriginal languages, as well as skills-based training in intercultural competency, conflict resolution and respect for human dignity and human rights equality in settings of anti-racism and free of all forms of prejudice and discrimination.
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Dabin, Simon, Jean François Daoust, and Martin Papillon. "Indigenous Peoples and Affinity Voting in Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 52, no. 1 (September 12, 2018): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423918000574.
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AbstractStudies interested in Indigenous voting in Canada tend to focus on socio-economic, cultural and political factors that explain their lower levels of electoral participation. While highly relevant given Canada's ongoing reality as a settler-colonial state, these studies are of limited help in making sense of recent increases in electoral engagement in Indigenous communities across the country. Using data from four elections between 2006 and 2015, this study focuses instead on why some Indigenous individuals vote and how they vote. Our analysis suggests that one of many possible reasons for the recent surge in Indigenous turnout has to do with the candidates presenting themselves for elections. Higher voter turnout in Indigenous communities corresponds with a higher proportion of Indigenous candidates. This trend is consistent with the literature on affinity voting. We also find that political parties who present an Indigenous candidate receive more votes in constituencies with a high proportion of Indigenous voters.
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Hussain, Ahmed. "Key Challenges for Indigenous Peoples of Canada in terms of Oral Health Provision and Utilization: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Dentistry 2022 (September 27, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7511213.
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Background. The oral health of Indigenous peoples in Canada is lacking compared with their non-Indigenous counterparts. This scoping assessment aimed to investigate the obstacles of providing and using oral healthcare among Indigenous peoples in Canada. Methods. The scoping review took place between December 15, 2021 and January 10, 2022. Five key databases were examined: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Embase, and PROQUEST. The data were analyzed using NVIVO software to facilitate understanding of the major themes, subthemes, and codes provided. Results. Seven major themes and eighteen subthemes were identified as impacting the oral health provision and utilization of Indigenous peoples in Canada. The major themes are individual characteristics, affordability, availability, accessibility, accommodation, acceptability, and public or government policy. Thus, to improve the oral health of the Indigenous peoples in Canada, an integrated approach is required to address these obstacles. Conclusions. To address the oral health disparities among Indigenous peoples in Canada, policymakers should adopt an integrated approach.
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Hillier, Sean, and Hamza Al-Shammaa. "Indigenous Peoples Experiences with Aging." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 9, no. 4 (November 10, 2020): 146–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v9i4.674.
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Indigenous Peoples in Canada are a non-homogenous group consisting of First Nations, Metis, and Inuit Peoples representing the original settlers of a given land or a geographical area (Parrott, 2018). Based on geographical location, there are unique names used to describe a given subset or group of Indigenous Peoples around the world. Despite their proximity, they originate from different nations, tribes, and communities and remain distinct in their spoken language, history, and way of life. Although there has been a notable growth in the literature on Indigenous Peoples, relatively little is published about their understanding of healthy aging. Similarly, there is a dearth of literature about the specific needs and wishes of Indigenous Peoples in Canada to facilitate a healthy aging process.
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Ntalakosta, Anastasia-Maria. "Making Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Canada Visible." HAPSc Policy Briefs Series 2, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hapscpbs.29487.
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Although the United Nations have established mechanisms to exercise political authority and influence states’ policies and the global civil society puts pressure on their actions, indigenous peoples continue to face discrimination and violations of their rights. Canada constitutes a great example of a democratic country that is supposed to respect and protect human rights but violates the aboriginal rights extensively. The massive energy projects, Coastal GasLink pipeline, Trans Mountain pipeline and Site C dam, being developed in North and West Canada, do not respect the traditional lands and resources of the indigenous populations that live in the region and have been strongly condemned by the First Nations, the actors of the global civil society and the UN. Nonetheless, the Canadian government continues to fully support their construction. This paper aims to analyse the violations conducted against indigenous populations’ lands by the Canadian government and the reaction of the UN and global civil society, using a series of qualitative and quantitative data based on papers, analyses and reports of Institutes, Study Centers and Organizations.
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Bird, John. "Indigenous Peoples within Canada: A Concise History." Canadian Historical Review 100, no. 4 (November 2019): 663–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr.100.4.br06.
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Qechai, Saber. "Linguistic Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Canada." Pro&Contra 5, no. 2 (2022): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33033/pc.2021.2.57.
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Field, Shannon N., Rosalin M. Miles, and Darren E. R. Warburton. "Linking Heart Health and Mental Wellbeing: Centering Indigenous Perspectives from across Canada." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 6485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216485.
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Indigenous peoples have thrived since time immemorial across North America; however, over the past three to four generations there has been a marked increase in health disparities amongst Indigenous peoples versus the general population. Heart disease and mental health issues have been well documented and appear to be interrelated within Indigenous peoples across Canada. However, Western medicine has yet to clearly identify the reasons for the increased prevalence of heart disease and mental health issues and their relationship. In this narrative review, we discuss how Indigenous perspectives of health and wholistic wellness may provide greater insight into the connection between heart disease and mental wellbeing within Indigenous peoples and communities across Canada. We argue that colonization (and its institutions, such as the Indian Residential School system) and a failure to include or acknowledge traditional Indigenous health and wellness practices and beliefs within Western medicine have accelerated these health disparities within Indigenous peoples. We summarize some of the many Indigenous cultural perspectives and wholistic approaches to heart health and mental wellbeing. Lastly, we provide recommendations that support and wholistic perspective and Indigenous peoples on their journey of heart health and mental wellbeing.
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Stacey, Richard. "The Dilemma of Indigenous Self-Government in Canada: Indigenous Rights and Canadian Federalism." Federal Law Review 46, no. 4 (December 2018): 669–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x1804600411.
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Canada's constitutional distribution of authority between the provinces and federal government leaves no room for Indigenous self-government, but there are increasingly vocal calls for change. Whether Indigenous peoples are acknowledged as one of Canada's founding nations alongside its English and French settlers, or are recognized as distinctive peoples within its multicultural society, these calls affirm Indigenous peoples as sovereign nations deserving of at least some of the powers that the provinces have. The Constitution Act 1982 provides a different mechanism of legal protection for Indigenous peoples, recognizing and affirming already existing Indigenous rights. Canada's Indigenous rights jurisprudence, however, pulls against the sovereignty that underlies federalism. The courts have understood Indigenous rights such that accessing their protections denies to Indigenous peoples the autonomy to define themselves as member nations of Canada's multicultural society. As a normative point, this paper argues that we should embrace constitutional Indigenous rights as a vehicle for Indigenous sovereignty, because it brings federalism and Indigenous rights together as a theoretically coherent foundation for Indigenous self-government in Canada. As a descriptive point, the paper argues that the jurisprudence itself already contains the resources to support a sovereignty-affirming reading of the Constitution's Indigenous rights provisions.
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Karelina, Nataliya Aleksandrovna. "Indigenous peoples of Canada: key indicators of the current stage of socioeconomic development." Человек и культура, no. 4 (April 2021): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2021.4.36287.
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The subject of this research is the socioeconomic situation of the indigenous peoples of Canada at the present stage of their development. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of such key socioeconomic indicators as life expectancy of the representatives of indigenous population, employment and unemployment rate, average annual income, level of secondary and higher education, command of native language, etc. An attempt is made to determine the major factors of socioeconomic development, measures of state support, as well as the existing problems and future prospects. The author notes correlation between the modernization of education of indigenous peoples and preservation of their languages and cultural traditions. Since the early 2000s, the socioeconomic situation of indigenous peoples of Canada has somewhat improved, considering high rate of population growth, as well as slight minimization of the gap with nonindigenous Canadians such key indicators as life expectancy, employment rate, level of education, and average annual income. First and foremost, it pertains to the indigenous peoples outside Indian reservations and Mestizo. The situation with indigenous peoples in Indian reservations and the Inuit remains complicated. Majority of the problems that slow down the pace of socioeconomic development are associated namely with these groups of indigenous peoples. In economic terms, there is a noticeable increase of self-employment among the indigenous population, the development of aboriginal tourism. Positive changes are associated with popularization of the indigenous culture, which ultimately leads to the fact that more and more of the indigenous people in the country seek to legitimize their descent. Considering a significant share of young representatives of indigenous population, the government of Canada takes measures on the development of new programs in the sphere of education and employment, which are aimed not only at improving the quality of life of the indigenous peoples, but also at preserving their ethnocultural heritage.
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Stewart, Suzanne, and Angela Mashford-Pringle. "Moving and Enhancing System Change." International Journal of Indigenous Health 14, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32799/ijih.v14i1.32726.
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All Indigenous peoples across the globe have experienced multiple historical colonial aggression and assaults. In Canada and the USA for example, education was used as a tool of oppression for Indigenous peoples through residential school. Child welfare, health and health care, and forced land relocation are also sites of intensive and invasive harms. Health services continue to be a site of systemic and personal oppression for Indigenous peoples across Canada and the world (Reading 2013). For many years, Indigenous peoples have faced discrimination and racism when accessing biomedical health care. Implementation of colonization in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and elsewhere, have been well documented to adversely influence aspects of health in many Indigenous communities worldwide and linked to high rates of mental health, education, and employment challenges (see Loppie & Wein, 2009; Mowbray, 2007; Paradies, Harris, & Anderson, 2008); these traumas are rooted attempts in cultural extermination and deep-set pains in regard to identity and well-being (Stout & Downey, 2006; Thurston & Mashford-Pringle, 2015).
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Maddox, Raglan, Andrew Waa, Kelley Lee, Patricia Nez Henderson, Genevieve Blais, Jeff Reading, and Raymond Lovett. "Commercial tobacco and indigenous peoples: a stock take on Framework Convention on Tobacco Control progress." Tobacco Control 28, no. 5 (August 3, 2018): 574–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054508.
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BackgroundThe health status and needs of indigenous populations of Australia, Canada and New Zealand are often compared because of the shared experience of colonisation. One enduring impact has been a disproportionately high rate of commercial tobacco use compared with non-indigenous populations. All three countries have ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which acknowledges the harm caused to indigenous peoples by tobacco.Aim and objectivesWe evaluated and compared reporting on FCTC progress related to indigenous peoples by Australia, Canada and New Zealand as States Parties. The critiqued data included disparities in smoking prevalence between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples; extent of indigenous participation in tobacco control development, implementation and evaluation; and what indigenous commercial tobacco reduction interventions were delivered and evaluated.Data sourcesWe searched FCTC: (1) Global Progress Reports for information regarding indigenous peoples in Australia, Canada and New Zealand; and (2) country-specific reports from Australia, Canada and New Zealand between 2007 and 2016.Study selectionTwo of the authors independently reviewed the FCTC Global and respective Country Reports, identifying where indigenous search terms appeared.Data extractionAll data associated with the identified search terms were extracted, and content analysis was applied.ResultsIt is difficult to determine if or what progress has been made to reduce commercial tobacco use by the three States Parties as part of their commitments under FCTC reporting systems. There is some evidence that progress is being made towards reducing indigenous commercial tobacco use, including the implementation of indigenous-focused initiatives. However, there are significant gaps and inconsistencies in reporting. Strengthening FCTC reporting instruments to include standardised indigenous-specific data will help to realise the FCTC Guiding Principles by holding States Parties to account and building momentum for reducing the high prevalence of commercial tobacco use among indigenous peoples.
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Hunter, Amelia. "Shortcomings of Bibliographic Description in Service of Indigenous Peoples in Canada." Emerging Library & Information Perspectives 4, no. 1 (July 2, 2021): 88–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/elip.v4i1.13439.
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The marginalization of Indigenous Peoples in library catalogues and cataloguing standards is well documented. This article looks beyond Library of Congress Classification to analyze how the marginalization of Indigenous Peoples manifests in Machine Readable Cataloguing (MARC) and online public access catalogs (OPACs) to the detriment of Indigenous users. The rules that govern bibliographic description either obscure the presence of materials in a collection that represent Indigenous worldviews, or do not have the capacity to accurately record demographic terms related to Indigenous Peoples. This leads to inaccurate access points and culturally inappropriate metadata. Examples of projects and institutions innovating in this domain are examined. The harms cataloguers enact through adherence to bibliographic standards deserve critical and ethical analysis. These analyses and innovative projects are first steps towards better serving Indigenous users and reconciliation in libraries in Canada.
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Hyett, Sarah, Stacey Marjerrison, and Chelsea Gabel. "Improving health research among Indigenous Peoples in Canada." Canadian Medical Association Journal 190, no. 20 (May 21, 2018): E616—E621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.171538.
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Littlechild, Danika Billie, Chance Finegan, and Deborah McGregor. "“Reconciliation” in undergraduate education in Canada: the application of Indigenous knowledge in conservation." FACETS 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 665–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0076.
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Both the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) and the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) explicitly emphasized the role of educators in “reconciliation.” Alongside this, conservation practitioners are increasingly interacting with Indigenous Peoples in various ways, such as in the creation and support of Indigenous protected areas and (or) guardian programs. This paper considers how faculty teaching aspiring conservation practitioners can respond appropriately to the TRC and MMIWG Inquiry while preparing students to engage with Indigenous Peoples in a way that affirms, rather than questions Indigenous knowledge and aspirations. Our argument is threefold: first, teaching Indigenous content requires an approach grounded in transformational change, not one focused on an “add Indigenous and stir” pedagogy. Second, we assert that students need to know how to ethically engage with Indigenous Peoples more than they need knowledge of discreet facts. Finally, efforts to “Indigenize” the academy requires an emphasis on anti-racism, humility, reciprocity, and a willingness to confront ongoing colonialism and white supremacy. This paper thus focuses on the broad change that must occur within universities to adequately prepare students to build and maintain reconciliatory relationships with Indigenous Peoples.
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Manitowabi, Joshua. "Wii Niiganabying (Looking Ahead):." Turtle Island Journal of Indigenous Health 1, no. 1 (October 12, 2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/tijih.v1i1.34017.
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Fifty years ago, Indigenous elders and leaders drafted their response to the Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy (White Paper of 1969). Their formal rebuttal, Citizens Plus (Red Paper), published in 1970, was a turning point in Indigenous education policy. It marked the beginning of the shift away from government-controlled, assimilationist educational policies to greater Indigenous control over funding and pedagogical methods. The Red Paper refuted the White Paper’s main conclusions and stated that Indigenous peoples are “citizens plus” because the federal government is legally bound to provide Indigenous peoples with services in exchange for the use of the land they occupy. The most important Indigenous rights to be upheld included education, health care, Aboriginal status, and Aboriginal title. These unique rights recognized that Indigenous peoples are the original owners of all the natural resources on their traditional treaty lands. The Red Paper became a political turning point for Indigenous peoples in Canada by presenting an Indigenous vision for a new political and legal relationship between Canada and Indigenous peoples based on Aboriginal and treaty rights. Since the 1970s, Indigenous leaders have struggled to maintain control of educational funding while having to abide by provincial standards of educational curricula. Indigenous communities want to provide more positive learning experiences and positive identity through reconceptualizing educational curricula. They are exploring ways to indigenize the educational experience by igniting cultural resurgence through the integration of Indigenous languages, knowledge, culture, and history by reconnecting students to their elders, land, and communities.
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Salaheen, Z., A. Moghaddamjou, and MG Fehlings. "P.188 Neurotrauma in Indigenous populations of Canada: challenges and future directions: A Scoping Review." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 48, s3 (November 2021): S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2021.464.
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Background: Neurotrauma accounts for over 24 000 hospitalizations annually in Canada. Among those affected, Indigenous peoples are disproportionately impacted. The goal of this scoping review is to identify factors underlying these disparities. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to collect papers pertaining to neurotrauma in Indigenous populations of Canada. Using MEDLINE, 676 articles were screened with MeSH terms including ‘Indigenous’, ‘spinal cord injuries’, ‘brain injuries, traumatic’ and ‘Canada’ as of April 2021. Results: Studies report over twice the incidence of traumatic brain injury and traumatic spinal cord injury in Indigenous populations compared to non-Indigenous populations. The burden of neurotrauma is attributable to infrastructure disparities in rural communities and reserves, elevated rates of substance use and violence, and inequities in treatment and rehabilitation following injury. These issues are deeply rooted in the trauma endured by Indigenous peoples through the course of Canadian history, owing to government policies that severely impacted their socioeconomic conditions, culture, and access to healthcare services. Conclusions: Systems-level interventions guided by Indigenous community members will help to address the disparities that Indigenous peoples face in the care and rehabilitation of neurotrauma. This study will inform further research of culturally appropriate approaches to reduce neurotrauma burden among Indigenous peoples.
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Sharapova, Anna, Sara L. Seck, Sarah L. MacLeod, and Olga Koubrak. "Indigenous Rights and Interests in a Changing Arctic Ocean: Canadian and Russian Experiences and Challenges." Arctic Review on Law and Politics 13 (2022): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/arctic.v13.3264.
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The Arctic has been home to Indigenous peoples since long before the international legal system of sovereign states came into existence. International law has increasingly recognized the rights of Indigenous peoples, who also have status as Permanent Participants in the Arctic Council. In northern Canada, the majority of those who live in the Arctic are recognized as Indigenous. However, in northern Russia, a much smaller percentage of the population is identified as Indigenous, as legal recognition is only accorded to groups with a small population size. This article will compare Russian and Canadian approaches to recognition of Indigenous peoples and Indigenous rights in the Arctic with attention to the implications for Arctic Ocean governance. The article first introduces international legal instruments of importance to Indigenous peoples and their rights in the Arctic. Then it considers the domestic legal and policy frameworks that define Indigenous rights and interests in Russia and Canada. Despite both states being members of the Arctic Council and parties to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, there are many differences in their treatment of Indigenous peoples with implications for Arctic Ocean governance.
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McGuire, Michaela Mary, and Ted Palys. "Toward Sovereign Indigenous Justice: On Removing the Colonial Straightjacket." Decolonization of Criminology and Justice 2, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/dcj.v2i1.16.
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Canada has oppressed Indigenous peoples capacity for true sovereignty through colonialism, genocide and attempted assimilation. This devastation manifests in the disproportionate social ills facing Indigenous peoples and their overrepresentation at all levels of the imposed criminal justice system (CJS). Trauma and internalized colonialism have constrained the capacity of Indigenous Nations to reclaim their place in the world as self-governing peoples. Canada has attempted to ‘fix’ this problem through creating parallel systems, trying to fit ‘Indigenous’ conceptions of justice into existing systems, and problematically adopting restorative justice as synonymous with Indigenous justice. The rhetoric of reconciliation and apology mask the continual genocidal, assimilative goals of the state. With these caveats in mind, the need to reject internalized colonialism and develop capacity for the development of sovereign Indigenous justice systems will be examined.
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Mudde, Laura. "Structural Genocide and Institutionalized Racism in Canada: The Department of Indian Affairs and Framing of Indigenous Peoples." Alberta Academic Review 1, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/aar10.
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This review problematizes the health and socio-economic disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities, which I argue is due to the role of the Canadian government. Specifically, I analyse the continuous process of Indigenous administrative subjugation under Canadian rule to uncover the intrinsic racial predilections of Canadian government policy toward First Nations peoples in Canada’s Prairie West provinces through the application of diagnostic frame analysis as a multidisciplinary research method to analyse how people understand situations and activities. My research results reveal the racialized marginalization of First Nation peoples through the administrative regimes in Canada as a continuous contemporary process established in the late nineteenth and twentieth century. In exposing the structural discrimination of First Nations peoples, my research introduces the reader to the concept of political master narratives, or ‘imaginaries’. These imaginaries foster the health and socio-economic disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups in Canadian society. The critical analysis of these historically structural government instituted imaginaries and the indirect, exponentially higher chances of tuberculosis and related diseases and deaths among Indigenous peoples’ challenge conclusions of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) on cultural genocide. This study proposes structural genocide as a more accurate and inclusive term for the continuous institutional marginalization of not only Indigenous peoples as seen in this case study of the Department of Indian Affairs (DIA) but for all Indigenous peoples in Canada.
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Umaefulam, Valerie, Tessa Kleissen, and Cheryl Barnabe. "The representation of Indigenous peoples in chronic disease clinical trials in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States." Clinical Trials 19, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17407745211069153.
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Background Indigenous peoples are overrepresented with chronic health conditions and experience suboptimal outcomes compared with non-Indigenous peoples. Genetic variations influence therapeutic responses, thus there are potential risks and harm when extrapolating evidence from the general population to Indigenous peoples. Indigenous population–specific clinical studies, and inclusion of Indigenous peoples in general population clinical trials, are perceived to be rare. Our study (1) identified and characterized Indigenous population–specific chronic disease trials and (2) identified the representation of Indigenous peoples in general population chronic disease trials conducted in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Methods For Objective 1, publicly available clinical trial registries were searched from May 2010 to May 2020 using Indigenous population–specific terms and included for data extraction if in pre-specified chronic disease. For identified trials, we extracted Indigenous population group identity and characteristics, type of intervention, and funding type. For Objective 2, a random selection of 10% of registered clinical trials was performed and the proportion of Indigenous population participants enrolled extracted. Results In total, 170 Indigenous population–specific chronic disease trials were identified. The clinical trials were predominantly behavioral interventions (n = 95). Among general population studies, 830 studies were randomly selected. When race was reported in studies (n = 526), Indigenous individuals were enrolled in 172 studies and constituted 5.6% of the total population enrolled in those studies. Conclusion Clinical trials addressing chronic disease conditions in Indigenous populations are limited. It is crucial to ensure adequate representation of Indigenous peoples in clinical trials to ensure trial data are applicable to their clinical care.
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Booth, Annie L. "Northern Environmental Justice: A Case Study of Place, Indigenous Peoples, and Industrial Development in Northeastern British Columbia, Canada." Case Studies in the Environment 1, no. 1 (2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2017.sc.454154.
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This case study introduces the concepts of place-based and Indigenous environmental justice as well as the theory of Indigenous sovereignty, as articulated within a Canadian context and considers their application with respect to the Indigenous peoples with traditional territories within the borders of Canada. The specific legal and industrial contexts affecting Indigenous peoples in Canada are briefly examined to frame two cases of environmental justice issues in the northeastern corner of British Columbia. The two cases are oil and gas development and the proposed development of a new dam which will represent the largest industrial development in Canada in the last several decades. The perspectives of British Columbia Treaty 8 Indigenous Nations on the impacts of these industrial developments are presented.
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Mitchell, Terry. "Realizing Indigenous Rights in the Context of Extractive Imperialism:." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 12, no. 1 (May 26, 2019): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v12i1.1140.
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Canada’s reputation as a global champion of human rights has been tarnished by the revelation of the enduring colonial impact and social and economic disparities endured by Indigenous peoples within Canada. While Canada has a strong legal framework for Indigenous rights, its significant and enduring policy and implementation failures are increasingly recognised by both domestic and international bodies. This article addresses Canada’s shifting yet fledgling progress towards the harmonisation of Canadian domestic law and the implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The pathway to reconciliation and sustainable development for Canada is discussed as rights-based resource governance in contrast to Canada’s current imposition of extractive imperialism in both Canada and Latin America.
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Hoffman, Kira M., Amy Cardinal Christianson, Sarah Dickson-Hoyle, Kelsey Copes-Gerbitz, William Nikolakis, David A. Diabo, Robin McLeod, et al. "The right to burn: barriers and opportunities for Indigenous-led fire stewardship in Canada." FACETS 7 (January 1, 2022): 464–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0062.
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Indigenous fire stewardship enhances ecosystem diversity, assists with the management of complex resources, and reduces wildfire risk by lessening fuel loads. Although Indigenous Peoples have maintained fire stewardship practices for millennia and continue to be keepers of fire knowledge, significant barriers exist for re-engaging in cultural burning. Indigenous communities in Canada have unique vulnerabilities to large and high-intensity wildfires as they are predominately located in remote, forested regions and lack financial support at federal and provincial levels to mitigate wildfire risk. Therefore, it is critical to uphold Indigenous expertise in leading effective and socially just fire stewardship. In this perspective, we demonstrate the benefits of cultural burning and identify five key barriers to advancing Indigenous fire stewardship in Canada. We also provide calls to action to assist with reducing preconceptions and misinformation and focus on creating space and respect for different knowledges and experiences. Despite growing concerns over wildfire risk and agency-stated intentions to establish Indigenous Peoples as partners in wildfire management, power imbalances still exist. The future and coexistence with fire in Canada needs to be a shared responsibility and led by Indigenous Peoples within their territories.
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Hebert, Joel. "“Sacred Trust”: Rethinking Late British Decolonization in Indigenous Canada." Journal of British Studies 58, no. 3 (July 2019): 565–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2019.3.
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AbstractThis article considers the political activism of Canada's Indigenous peoples as a corrective to the prevailing narrative of British decolonization. For several decades, historians have described the end of empire as a series of linear political transitions from colony to nation-state, all ending in the late 1960s. But for many colonized peoples, the path to sovereignty was much less straightforward, especially in contexts where the goal of a discrete nation-state was unattainable. Canada's Indigenous peoples were one such group. In 1980, in the face of separatism in Quebec, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau pledged to renew the Canadian Confederation by bringing home the constitution, which was still retained by the British Parliament. But many Indigenous leaders feared that this final separation of powers would extinguish their historic bilateral treaties with the British crown, including the Royal Proclamation of 1763 that guaranteed Indigenous sovereignty in a trust relationship with Britain. Indigenous activists thus organized lobbying campaigns at Westminster to oppose Trudeau's act of so-called patriation. This article follows the Constitution Express, a campaign organized by the Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs in 1981. Maneuvering around the nuances of British political and cultural difference, activists on the Constitution Express articulated and exercised their own vision of decolonization, pursuing continued ties to Britain as their best hope for securing Indigenous sovereignty in a federal Canada.
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Starzyk, Katherine B., Katelin H. S. Neufeld, Renée M. El-Gabalawy, and Gregory D. B. Boese. "The case for and causes of intraminority solidarity in support for reparations: Evidence from community and student samples in Canada." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 7, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 620–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.673.
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In three studies, we examined how racial/ethnic majority (i.e., White) and non-Indigenous minority participants in Canada responded to reparations for Indigenous peoples in Canada. Our goal was to understand whether and why there may be intraminority solidarity in this context. In Study 1, with a large, national survey (N = 1,947), we examined the extent to which participants agreed the government should be responsible for addressing human rights violations committed by previous governments as well as whether the government has done enough to address the wrongs committed against Indigenous peoples in Canada. With a sample of undergraduate students in Study 2 (N = 144) and another community sample in Study 3 (N = 233), we examined possible mediators of the relationship between ethnic status and support for reparations. Taken together, the results of three studies suggest that, compared to White majority Canadians, non-Indigenous minority Canadians were more supportive of providing reparations to Indigenous peoples through a complex chain of collective victimhood, inclusive victim consciousness, continued victim suffering, and solidarity.
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Ravna, Øyvind, and Nigel Bankes. "Recognition of Indigenous Land Rights in Norway and Canada." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 24, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 70–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02401001.
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Many states offer constitutional protection to the traditional lands of indigenous peoples. International treaties protecting ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples also require protection of the rights of indigenous communities with respect to traditional territories. States have followed different routes in identifying the ownership and resource rights of indigenous communities. In Norway, the Courts have traditionally applied the rules on prescription and immemorial usage, developed through centuries in the farming societies of Scandinavia. The legislature has chosen to follow the same approach in the Finnmark area of Norway under the terms of the Finnmark Act (2005). By contrast, in Canada, a settled colony with an English common law tradition, the Courts have developed a sui generis approach to the recognition of Aboriginal title. This article examines the rules for identifying and legally recognising the traditional lands of indigenous people in Norway and Canada with a view to reflecting on similarities and differences.
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Beauvais, Edana, and Dietlind Stolle. "The Politics of White Identity and Settlers’ Indigenous Resentment in Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 55, no. 1 (March 2022): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423921000986.
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AbstractThis article introduces White identity as an understudied concept in Canadian politics and compares how White settlers’ ingroup attachments and their outgroup attitudes—specifically, White settlers’ anti-Indigenous attitudes—shape Canadian politics. We find that White identity is associated with greater support for government spending on policies that disproportionately benefit White Canadians, such as pensions, whereas Indigenous resentment is associated with greater opposition toward government spending on policies that are often perceived as disproportionately benefiting Indigenous peoples, such as welfare. In Canada outside Quebec, both White identity and anti-Indigenous attitudes are associated with voting Conservative. In Quebec, White identity mobilizes support for the Bloc Québécois, while White settlers’ negative attitudes toward Indigenous peoples are not associated with vote choice.
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Garrison, Nanibaa’ A., Māui Hudson, Leah L. Ballantyne, Ibrahim Garba, Andrew Martinez, Maile Taualii, Laura Arbour, Nadine R. Caron, and Stephanie Carroll Rainie. "Genomic Research Through an Indigenous Lens: Understanding the Expectations." Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 20, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 495–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015434.
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Indigenous scholars are leading initiatives to improve access to genetic and genomic research and health care based on their unique cultural contexts and within sovereign-based governance models created and accepted by their peoples. In the past, Indigenous peoples’ engagement with genomicresearch was hampered by a lack of standardized guidelines and institutional partnerships, resulting in group harms. This article provides a comparative analysis of research guidelines from Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the United States that pertain to Indigenous peoples. The goals of the analysis are to identify areas that need attention, support Indigenous-led governance, and promote the development of a model research policy framework for genomic research and health care that has international relevance for Indigenous peoples.
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Prete, Tiffany. "How Integrating Aboriginal Perspectives into the Classroom Affects Students Attitudes Towards Aboriginal People." Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education 15, no. 2 (December 14, 2020): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20355/jcie29387.
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This paper explores the methods employed by Alberta Education to teach Alberta students about the Indigenous Peoples of Canada. Currently, Alberta Education has two approaches, which are: 1) the integration of the First Nations, Metis, and Inuit Policy Framework (FNMI), which is a framework that is a means to educate all Albertans on the history of Aboriginal Peoples, and 2) an optional Aboriginal Studies coursework. An urban high school participated in this research study, which was under the call for the integration of the FNMI policy framework and also offered Aboriginal Studies 10. I used a Blackfoot theoretical framework, grounded in an Indigenous research methodology, alongside principles of the Beadworking paradigm to conduct the research. I employed a survey that was quantitative in nature to determine students’ attitudes towards the Indigenous Peoples of Canada. I was interested in identifying whether taking Aboriginal Studies 10 made a difference in the participants’ views of Indigenous Peoples. I used principal-component factor analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to analyze the data. The results from the MANOVA analysis indicate that the Aboriginal Studies 10 class plays a role in students’ perceptions of Indigenous Peoples specifically. These results indicate that students who participated in the Aboriginal Studies 10 course had a more positive view of Indigenous Peoples than students who did not participate in Aboriginal Studies 10.
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Day, Lindsay, Ashlee Cunsolo, Heather Castleden, Alex Sawatzky, Debbie Martin, Catherine Hart, Cate Dewey, and Sherilee L. Harper. ""The Legacy Will Be the Change": Reconciling How We Live with and Relate to Water." International Indigenous Policy Journal 11, no. 3 (September 17, 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.10937.
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Current challenges relating to water governance in Canada are motivating calls for approaches that implement Indigenous and Western knowledge systems together, as well as calls to form equitable partnerships with Indigenous Peoples grounded in respectful Nation-to-Nation relationships. By foregrounding the perspectives of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples, this study explores the nature and dimensions of Indigenous ways of knowing around water and examines what the inclusion of Indigenous voices, lived experience, and knowledge mean for water policy and research. Data were collected during a National Water Gathering that brought together 32 Indigenous and non-Indigenous water experts, researchers, and knowledge holders from across Canada. Data were analyzed thematically through a collaborative podcasting methodology, which also contributed to an audio-documentary podcast (www.WaterDialogues.ca).
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Paraschak. "#87: Reconciliation, Sport History, and Indigenous Peoples in Canada." Journal of Sport History 46, no. 2 (2019): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.46.2.0208.
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Ansloos, Jeffrey, Suzanne Stewart, Karlee Fellner, Alanaise Goodwill, Holly Graham, Rod McCormick, Henry Harder, and Christopher Mushquash. "Indigenous peoples and professional training in psychology in Canada." Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 60, no. 4 (November 2019): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cap0000189.
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Greenwood, Margo, Sarah de Leeuw, and Nicole Lindsay. "Challenges in health equity for Indigenous peoples in Canada." Lancet 391, no. 10131 (April 2018): 1645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30177-6.
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Cassidy, Frank. "Troubled Hearts: Indigenous Peoples and the Crown in Canada." Pacific Viewpoint 35, no. 2 (October 1994): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apv.352003.
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O'Neil, John D. "Issues in health policy for indigenous peoples in Canada." Australian Journal of Public Health 19, no. 6 (February 12, 2010): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1995.tb00459.x.
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Cooper, Thomas, and Alex Faseruk. "What's Right? Development and Access to Capital for Indigenous Peoples." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 5, no. 3 (July 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2014070101.
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This article explores the role of the private sector and financial services companies in respecting, protecting and particularly advancing the human rights of Indigenous peoples. Using the results from a participatory research based project with an Indigenous group in Canada, it makes the argument that firms in the financial sector have an obligation to respect and advance the rights of Indigenous peoples.
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Prete, Tiffany. "How Alberta Education’s First Nations, Metis, and Inuit Policy Framework influence students attitudes towards the Indigenous Peoples of Canada." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 14, no. 1 (December 6, 2021): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.1840.
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For decades, Indigenous education in Canada has implemented policies that provide a more culturally relevant curriculum for Indigenous students. It is thought that such a curriculum will improve morale and academic success in Indigenous students. Despite these efforts, a gap still exists between Indigenous students and their counterparts. Little attention has been given to the role that race and racism plays in the lives of Indigenous students. This study examines whether a need exists for race and racism to be addressed in the public school system. Using an Indigenous research methodology, a survey was administered to elicit non-Indigenous attitudes towards the Indigenous peoples of Canada. It was found that in the absence of an antiracist education, nonIndigenous students held negative perceptions of Indigenous peoples, as well as lacked an understanding of racism and its significance.