Journal articles: 'Indigenous flora'

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Gao, Yu Nan, Dong Xu Zhou, Ping Ping Zhang, and Jin Xiang Fu. "The Effect of Backwashing on Microbial Ecosystem of the BEAC Filter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 2045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.2045.

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The invasion of indigenous flora from the open system into the biological enhanced activated carbon(BEAC) system can inhibit the development of dominant bacteria and also decrease the biodegradability and biological activity of dominant bacteria. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of backwashing on the indigenous flora and dominant bacteria in the BEAC system and to study the optimal operation process of backwashing. In order to control the inhibition of the indigenous flora, the optimal backwashing conditions were set as 7-10d of operation period and 8-10 L/(m2•s) of air backwashing intensity. In addition, the PCR-DGGE results showed the indigenous flora could be removed under the optimal backwashing process, and the dominant bacteria could also be updated to maintain the biological stability well in this system.

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Van Balgooy, Max M. J., and Elizabeth Anita Widjaja. "FLORA OF BALI: A PROVISIONAL CHECKLIST." REINWARDTIA 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2014): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/reinwardtia.v14i1.418.

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Compared to Java the flora of Bali is poorly known. A checklist has been prepared based on literature and collections. The focus is on indigenous species, but the distinction between indigenous and naturalized species is not always clear. This checklist is therefore very provisional. The flora of the much smaller island state Singapore is much richer, probably mainly due to undercollecting of Bali.

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Beudel, Saskia, and Margo Daly. "Gallant Desert Flora: Olive Pink’s Australian Arid Regions Flora Reserve." Historical Records of Australian Science 25, no. 2 (2014): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14016.

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In the mid-1950s Olive Pink campaigned to have an area of land in Alice Springs set aside as a flora reserve. In 1956 the area was gazetted as the Australian Arid Regions Flora Reserve, with Pink appointed as honorary curator. Although Pink was not a professional horticulturalist or botanist, she established a garden that marked itself out from contemporary gardens, such as Maranoa Gardens and the Australian National Botanic Gardens, which were similarly committed to showcasing indigenous Australian plants. Pink's approach was pioneering in that she aimed to create a collection of plants selected by a delineated ‘climatic zone' and geographic area rather than drawn from all parts of the continent. This article argues that Pink developed a distinctive form of horticultural work informed by her passion for and close artistic observation of desert flora; her long experience establishing and maintaining gardens under central Australian ecological conditions; along with her anthropological insight into Indigenous knowledge of flora gained through her studies with Arrernte and Warlpiri people. Today we might recognize the principles that informed Pink's garden through the concepts of ‘water-wise gardens' and environmental sustainability practices.

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Gardner, Donald E. "The native rust fungi of Hawaii." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 976–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-123.

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F.L. Stevens (1925. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. No. 19) published the first comprehensive list of fungi in Hawaii, recognizing 7 species of endemic rusts and 10 species probably indigenous. Stevens considered this small number of rusts particularly noteworthy in comparison with the rust floras of other areas with which he was familiar. He ascribed the scarcity to the geographic isolation of the Hawaiian Islands from significant land masses. Currently, of the more than 74 rusts in Hawaii, 22 are considered native, of which 13 are endemic and 9 indigenous. The rust flora, like other groups of native organisms of Hawaii, provides interesting examples of biological colonization and adaptation to remote insular environments. Key words: endemic, Hawaii, indigenous, rusts.

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Tretyakova, Alyona S., Olga G. Baranova, Stepan A. Senator, Nikolay N. Panasenko, Aleksey V. Sutkin, and Magomed Kh Alikhadzhiyev. "Studies of urban flora in Russia: current state and prospects." Turczaninowia 24, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.24.1.15.

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An overview of Russian literature sources of urban flora studies. The authors analyze the history of urban floral research in Russia and provide definitions of terms – urban flora, native, indigenous, apophytic, alien, synanthropic species. The overview provides a description of methods and approaches used in different studies of urban flora. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the biological diversity of native and alien plants and the features of their spatial distribution in urban habitats. The authors raise problems of protection of biodiversity in cities and show the role of urban protected natural areas. The conclusion of the work outlines the prospects for further study of urban flora. The authors highlight an importance and necessity of creation of a unified database of vascular plants in the urbanized territories of Russia. Further usage of the database will allow to conduct a comparative analysis of the species composition of urban flora and to identify the degree of their homogenization and originality.

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Smith, G. F. "Die rol van ’n plantkundige in Parke en Ontspanning." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 9, no. 1 (July 5, 1990): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v9i1.435.

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The exceptional wealth of the flora of Southern Africa has been known internationally since the early seventeenth century. However, our floral heritage has been subjected to ever increasing pressure resulting from industrial, urban and agricultural development. Research primarily aimed at conserving our indigenous flora, making rare species available to nurseries as well as establishing a meaningful tree planting programme can, however, be undertaken by Departments of Parks and Recreation. Educational programmes ranging from formal to non-formal botanical education can play an important role in making the public aware of our unique flora. A graduate presenting botany as one major subject can assist Departments of Parks and Recreation in utilizing these opportunities, not only to conserve, but also to develop the natural resources currently under their control.

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HENTGES, DAVID J. "The protective function of the indigenous intestinal flora." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 5, Supplement (January 1986): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198601001-00006.

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Rakoff-Nahoum, S., and R. Medzhitov. "Innate immune recognition of the indigenous microbial flora." Mucosal Immunology 1, S1 (October 15, 2008): S10—S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mi.2008.49.

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Kin, Nataliya. "The similarity and difference in the flora of the pine forest on the southern border of the range of Pinus sylvestris L." BIO Web of Conferences 16 (2019): 00011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191600011.

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The data of studies and calculations showing the high floristic similarity of the pine forests of the Russian Plain located in the southern part of Pinus sylvestris L. area. Especially high similarity is observed in the indigenous fraction of the flora. The similarity of floras in the adventive fraction is insignificant. Taking into account the forecast of a possible, in the near future, floristic homogenization due to the species of the adventive fraction, we calculated an estimation index, which indicates an opposite process of homogenization — differentiation. Given the division of advents into groups according to the introduction time, we calculated the estimated index separately for archaeophytes and kenophytes. It was revealed that in pairs of pine forests located relatively close to each other, archaeophytes enhance differentiation, and kenophytes enhance the homogenization of flora. Differential taxa (families, genera, and species) are found only in one of all the studied pine forests, that determine the characteristics of the studied floras. Endemic species have been established that give originality to the flora of the studied pine forests.

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FIGUEIREDO, ESTRELA, and GIDEON F. SMITH. "An annotated catalogue of the exotic flora of Angola: state of the art." Phytotaxa 539, no. 2 (March 15, 2022): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.539.2.3.

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Data and information provided in a 2008 floristic inventory of the indigenous and exotic flora of Angola was disaggregated and reanalysed for an improved understanding of the floristic component that is non-indigenous to the country. Results of the analysis are presented here as a catalogue of the exotic flora recorded for Angola. The catalogue consists of three lists: 1. ‘Naturalised aliens’; 2. ‘Taxa of uncertain indigenous or naturalised status or presence’; and 3. ‘Cultivated, casual, and escaped taxa’. Overall, the catalogue is expanded, brought up to date, and evidence-based information is provided for each taxon included on one of the three lists. A total of 180+ taxa are recorded here as having become naturalised in Angola. This figure includes records at the rank of genus that likely include more than one species. A further 53 taxa of uncertain indigenous or naturalised status or presence are listed. Additionally, 110 taxa that are cultivated, casual, or escaped are discussed. We compare the figures presented here to those available for a selection of other countries. We show that, in terms of numbers, the non-indigenous flora of Angola is smaller than that of some near-neighbouring countries, such as Zimbabwe (to the east) and South Africa (to the south), and argue for the use of standard terminology when recording and referring to non-indigenous species, and for the preparation of herbarium vouchers when such species are encountered.

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Schellnack-Kelly, Isabel. "The Role of Storytelling in Preserving Africaâ€™s Spirit by Conserving the Continentâ€™s Fauna and Flora." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 35, no. 2 (February 7, 2018): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/1544.

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The importance of oral tradition, indigenous stories and the knowledge and wisdom contained therein are fundamental to undertake as many initiatives as possible to protect the continentâ€™s fauna and flora from extinction. This article is a phenomenological qualitative study. It is based on an extensive content analysis of literature, oral histories, photographs and audiovisual footage concerning narratives and folklore relating to Africaâ€™s fauna and flora. For the purposes of this article, the content sample focuses specifically on narratives related to the African elephant, black rhinoceros and the lion. The article also relates to experiences of individuals in Kenya and South Africa involved in conservation efforts to protect Africaâ€™s wildlife. The geographical proximity of the collected narratives stretches from the Timbavati, in South Africa, through to Northern Kenya. This article illustrates how indigenous knowledge and oral histories have influenced Western mythology and thinking. The article also explores the significance attached by scholars to the continentâ€™s oral histories and indigenous knowledge and links knowledge to Jung, astrology and ancient symbolism. The discussion emphasises the importance of good conservation strategies for all areas of Africa to protect the fauna and flora as well as Africaâ€™s oral histories and indigenous knowledge.

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Itoh, K., T. Urano, and T. Mitsuoka. "Colonization resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in gnotobiotic mice." Laboratory Animals 20, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367786780865584.

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Gnotobiotic (GB) mice were colonized with various groups of intestinal bacteria to determine which members of the indigenous flora would exert colonization resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa was cultured from the faeces at levels of 103-104 cells/g in GB mice inoculated with either the combination of bacteroides and clostridia obtained from conventional (CV) mice or the combination of bacteroides, lactobacilli and clostridia obtained from limited flora mice. The combination of lactobacilli and clostridia from CV mice also did not eliminate P. aeruginosa from GB mice. However, P. aeruginosa was not detected in the faeces of GB mice by 14 days after inoculation with the combination of bacteroides, lactobacilli and clostridia obtained from CV mice. Thus, a complex indigenous flora consisting of bacteroides, lactobacilli and certain clostridia obtained from CV mice but not clostridia obtained from limited flora mice is required to exert complete colonization resistance against P. aeruginosa in GB mice.

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Costa, Rozangela de Melo Martins da, and Alexandre Melo De Sousa. "Placenames of indigenous origin in Acre-Brazil." Domínios de Lingu@gem 15, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 299–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/dl46-v15n2a2021-2.

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Toponymy, a discipline that studies place names, is one of the branches of Onomastics: science responsible for the study of proper names. This study aims to trace a profile of toponyms of indigenous origin in the rural area of Acre, analyzing toponymic motivations related to fauna, flora and hydrography in Acrean geographic features. This corpus – collected in the maps provided by IBGE, with a scale of 1: 250,000 and 1:1,000,000 – was based on the theoretical-methodological proposal by Dick (1990, 1992), especially regarding the taxonomic model, composed of 27 taxa, subdivided into physical and cultural categories, and as to the catalogue and storage of toponymic database (DICK, 2004). The results revealed that, out of 392 toponyms, 74% are names linked to physical and geographic characteristics, 20% concerning cultural factors and 6% were unclassified. The research showed that toponymic motivation is mainly based on flora, fauna and hydrography predominantly from Tupi language origin.

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Guyader, Françoise Le, Monique Pommepuy, and Michel Cormier. "Implantation d'Escherichia coli en pilote expérimental et influence des compétitions de flore." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-017.

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Implantation in seawater and (or) sediment of bacterial flora and the influence of such flora upon the survival and growth of an Escherichia coli of human origin have been the object of experimental pilot studies. The selected pilot plant permitted work on large volumes of seawater and sediment, and maintenance of the structure of the latter. Diverse experiments were carried out in the presence or absence of seawater and (or) sediment bacterial flora during 13 days. Escherichia coli bacteria were introduced in the seawater experimental system at concentrations of 1 to 3 × 105 colony-forming units (cfu) per 100 mL. In sterile sediment, E. coli bacteria first went through a proliferative phase and then implanted themselves (3 × 104 cfu/100 g at 0 days and 4 × 105 cfu/100 g at 13days). Diffusion in the supernatant sterile seawater of organic matter released from sediment allowed the strain to proliferate (8 × 106 cfu/100 mL at 1 day) and survive for a few days (1 × 104 cfu/100 mL at 6 days), prior to an ultimate decreasing phase (1 cfu/100 mL at 13 days). In the presence of the seawater indigenous flora, an immediate decrease (2 × 103 cfu/100 mL at 6 days), without a growth or even a survival phase, evidenced a selection pressure. In a nonsterile sediment, in the presence or absence of seawater indigenous flora, E. coli bacteria implanted themselves quickly (5 × 104 cfu/100 g at 1 day) and survived (1 × 104 cfu/100 g at 13 days). In the supernatant seawater, a decrease was observed from the 1st day. Our results show that a state of equilibrium was reached, with E. coli bacteria disappearing from the seawater under the pressure selection created by the indigenous marine flora (an important role of the organic matter), and with a considerable survival in the sediment, whatever the conditions might be. Key words: Escherichia coli, bacterial flora, seawater, sediment, competition. [Translated by the Journal]

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LIPEJ, L., B. MAVRIC, M. ORLANDO-BONACA, and A. MALEJ. "State of the Art of the Marine Non-Indigenous Flora and Fauna in Slovenia." Mediterranean Marine Science 13, no. 2 (September 10, 2012): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.304.

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Authors provide the state of knowledge on marine non-indigenous species in waters off Slovenia. According to published records and authors unpublished data at least 15 non-indigenous species were up to date recorded in the Slovenian part of the Adriatic sea. Eleven species were considered as established and four species as casual. The vectors of introduction are various, comprising Lessepsian migration, mariculture and shipping. The majority of non-indigenous taxa were recorded in the mediolittoral belt and coastal lagoons. The low number of non-indigenous species so far recorded in the Slovenian part of the Adriatic sea could be explained by various factors. Among them, the most reasonable are the lack of scientific attention, the small proportion of Slovenian Sea and low winter temperatures, which represents a physiological barrier for the survival of newcomers. The number of recorded species is far from being satisfactory. Therefore, we expect that the list of non-indigenous species will be enlarged in the nearby future.

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Trudel, L., L. St-Amand, M. Bareil, P. Cardinal, and M. C. Lavoie. "Bacteriology of the oral cavity of BALB/c mice." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-124.

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To be used as a model in dental research, an animal must fulfil experimental needs and information on the composition and variation of its oral flora must be available. Only limited data are available on the indigenous oral bacterial flora of BALB/c mice. In this work, a total of 671 isolates from different sites (saliva, tongue, teeth, and mucosa) of the oral cavity of BALB/c mice were identified. Only 18 different species were isolated, which indicates the relative simplicity of the flora. The predominant species of the total cultivable flora were "Lactobacillus muritius" (38%), Staphylococcus aureus (37%), Streptococcus faecalis (8%), Staphylococcus sciuri (4%), and Escherichia coli (3%). The other species each represent less than 2% of the flora. "Lactobacillus murinus" is found in greater proportion on mucosa than in the other sites, Staph. aureus predominates in saliva, and Strep. faecalis was found in greater proportion in tooth samples. Statistical analyses, using the minimum percentage of similarity, indicate that there is some variation among the microflora of different mice but that this difference is smaller for mice from the same lot. These results set the basis for the study of the variations of the indigenous oral microflora of BALB/c mice under different conditions.

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Fuentes, Julián, Rafael Sánchez, José Manuel Segura, Miguel Cueto, José Ramírez, and Leonardo Gutiérrez. "Chorological highlight news for vascular flora of Andalusia (southem Spain), IV." Anales de Biología, no. 42 (April 28, 2020): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesbio.42.08.

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Se presentan 39 citas de 29 taxones herborizados en Andalucía (6 de carácter alóctono y 23 autóctono), de las que 5 representan novedad para la flora de Andalucía, 7 novedad para la flora de Andalucía Oriental y 27 que suponen novedades corológicas o poblacionales destacables y de especial interés. 39 citations of 29 collected taxa in Andalusia are presented, (6 of an indigenous nature and 23 native), of which 5 represent a novelty for the flora of Andalusia, 7 a novelty for the flora of Eastern Andalusia and 27 that represent remarkable chorological or populational innovations and of special interest.

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Thapa, Chandra Bahadur. "Some Socio-Religious Flora of Rupandehi District, Western Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (March 25, 2015): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12217.

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The present study was carried out to document the indigenous knowledge of local people regarding the use of plant species on socio-religiousactivities during the year of 2012-2013. The indigenous knowledge was documented by using semi-structured interview, focus group discussionand informal discussion with the local people, religious persons and aged people. Altogether 32 plant species belonging to 23 family and 30genera have been documented in Rupandehi district. Among them, 13 species were herbs, 5 species shrubs, 13 species trees and 1 speciesclimber. Use of these plant species in socio-religious activities has helped people to conserve the faith of deities as well as to conservebiodiversity in the area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12217 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 123-126

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van Saene, J. J. M., H. K. F. van Saene, N. J. Ph Tarko-Smit, and G. J. J. Beukeveld. "Enterobacteriaceae suppression by three different oral doses of polymyxin E in human volunteers." Epidemiology and Infection 100, no. 3 (June 1988): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800067169.

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SummaryPolymyxin E is frequently used as an oral drug for flora suppression of the gastrointestinal canal. The suppression effect is dose dependent because polymyxin E is moderately inactivated by faecal and food compounds. Three oral polymyxin E doses (150, 300, 600 mg daily) were given to six volunteers for 6 days. The Enterobacteriaceae suppression effect was compared by means of the suppression index i.e. ratio of total number of faecal samples free of Enterobacteriaceae to the total number of faecal samples. The impact on the indigenous (mostly anaerobic) flora was measured in four ways: (i) beta-aspartylglycine content; (ii) volatile fatty acid pattern; (iii) yeast overgrowth and (iv)Streptococcus faecalisdecrease. Enterobacteriaceae suppression was most successful during 600 mg oral polymyxin E (suppression indices during 150, 300 and 600 mg were 0·32, 0·55 and 0·89 respectively). None of the four markers of indigenous flora alterations were positive. However, using this dosage half of the volunteers suffered rather severe gastrointestinal side-effects. Oral polymyxin E in a dosage of minimum 600 mg daily seems to possess the ideal properties of a flora suppression agent, if the gastrointestinal side-effects could be mitigated.

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Liljemark, W. F., and C. Bloomquist. "Human Oral Microbial Ecology and Dental Caries and Periodontal Diseases." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 7, no. 2 (April 1996): 180–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411960070020601.

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In the human oral cavity, which is an open growth system, bacteria must first adhere to a surface in order to be able to colonize. Ability to colonize a non-shedding tooth surface is necessary prior to any odontopathic or periodontopathic process. Complex microbe-host relationships occur and must be studied before the commensal-to-pathogenic nature of the human indigenous oral flora can be understood. Medical pathogens, if present in the appropriate host, always produce specific disease. Caries and periodontal diseases are conditional diseases, requiring numbers of certain indigenous species at various sites, particularly the tooth surface. In the case of caries, the condition is related to sugar consumption. Periodontal disease/s may require certain host and environmental conditions, such as local environment or nutritional factors in gingival crevicular fluids. Nonetheless, critical numbers of certain indigenous species must be present in order for these diseases to occur. The aim of this review is to understand the acquisition of the indigenous oral flora and the development of human dental plaque. The role of the salivary pellicle and adherence of indigenous bacteria to it are critical first steps in plaque development. Bacterial interactions with saliva, nutritional factors, growth factors, and microbial physiologic processes are all involved in the overall process of microbial colonization.

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Genco, R. J., J. J. Zambon, and L. A. Christersson. "The Origin of Periodontal Infections." Advances in Dental Research 2, no. 2 (November 1988): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374880020020901.

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Periodontal diseases are recognized as bacterial infections, and some forms are associated with specific organisms, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in juvenile periodontitis, and Bacteroides gingivalis and others in adult periodontitis. The source of the periodontal organisms, whether they are part of the indigenous or resident flora and overgrow to become opportunistic oral pathogens, or whether they are exogenous oral pathogens, is important to determine. The chain of periodontal infection, microbial agent(s) and their transmission, and host response are reviewed with respect to the role of A. actinomycetemcomitans in localized juvenile periodontitis and B. gingivalis in adult periodontitis. The present data lead us to hypothesize that some periodontal organisms may be exogenous pathogens. Prevention of periodontal diseases may be influenced by the knowledge of whether various forms are caused by opportunistic organisms or exogenous pathogens. If exogenous pathogens are responsible, prevention can be directed to intercepting transmission, thereby preventing colonization. On the other hand, if the organisms are opportunistic pathogens, prevention might be directed at interfering with initial acquisition of the flora earlier in life, as well as suppressing them to low levels consistent with health. For those exogenous periodontal infections, attempts at eradication and prevention of re-infection are likely to be effective. If the organisms are part of the indigenous flora, there is little hope of complete elimination of the organism. Criteria for distinguishing exogenous periodontal pathogens from opportunistic periodontal pathogens include the prediction that exogenous pathogens would be transient members of the oral flora associated with periodontal disease, likely to be comprised of one or a few clonal types, and intrinsically virulent. In contrast, opportunistic periodontal pathogens would likely be members of the indigenous flora and would overgrow. They would likely be comprised of many clonal types, and have an intrinsically low level of virulence.

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Justić, Marta, Marija Bučar, Petra Vizec, Ana Vukres, Vedran Šegota, and Nina Vuković. "The diversity and distribution of flora of the island of Zlarin (Northern Dalmatia)." Natura Croatica 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 435–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20302/nc.2021.30.29.

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The flora of the island of Zlarin was studied in 2019 and mapped using the Central European grid (MTB fields), the area studied consisting of nine MTB 1/64 fields. Altogether 576 vascular plant taxa (532 species and 44 subspecies) were identified, out of which there were 126 newly recorded, 450 previously recorded and confirmed, while 153 taxa from previous authors were not confirmed. In total, 730 taxa are currently recorded on the island of Zlarin. Among these, 580 taxa are indigenous, 147 cultivated and 23 listed as invasive in Croatia. Cultivated and adventitious plants were not included in the analysis of families and life forms. The largest number of taxa was attributed to the families Compositae (13.89%), Fabaceae (12.01%) and Poaceae (10.98%). Along with the domination of therophytes, the results of the phytogeographical analysis show a dominance of the Mediterranean floral element, indicating the character of the flora. Altogether 13 endemic, 44 endangered and 42 strictly protected indigenous species and subspecies are currently recorded on the island. The highest plant richness was observed in fields with higher habitat diversity and in fields with olive groves maintained by mowing. Moderate human impact and habitat diversity are crucial for the increase in floristic diversity on small islands and are much more important than the size of the island itself.

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Williams, W. M. "The key roles of seed banks in plant biodiversity management in New Zealand." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 14 (January 1, 2010): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.14.2008.3184.

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The New Zealand flora is a mixture of indigenous and introduced species. The indigenous species have a high intrinsic value while the introduced species include all of the crop and pasture plants upon which the export-led economy depends. New Zealand must maintain both of these important sources of biodiversity in balance. Seed banks are useful tools for biodiversity management. In New Zealand, a seed bank for indigenous species has been a very recent initiative. By contrast, seed banks for introduced species have been established for over 70 years. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. For the economic species, conserved genetic diversity is used to enhance productivity and the environment. Large advances can be gained from species that are not used as economic plants. The gene-pool of white clover has been expanded by the use of minor species conserved as seeds in the Margot Forde Germplasm Centre. Keywords: Seed banks, biodiversity conservation, New Zealand flora

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Pawicka, Katarzyna, Beata Woziwoda, and Grzegorz J. Wolski. "Flora roślin naczyniowych rezerwatu „Jamno”." Biuletyn Szadkowski 12 (December 30, 2012): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1643-0700.12.08.

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The 96 vascular plant species belonging to 36 families have been identified in "Jamno" nature reserve during field investigations which were done in 2011. The species repre sent different types of growth (= life forms in Raunkiaer's classification system), with hemicryptophytes being the dominant form. The flora contains plants from various eco logical groups depending on light requirements, moisture of the soil, soil acidity and soil trophy. Most of the plants tolerates shaded and semi-shaded sites, fresh and moderately acid or nearly neutral soils of intermediate fertility. The indigenous forest species are the most valuable components of flora. Among them "Convallaria majalis", "Frangula alnus" and "Viburnum opulus" are protected by law. The parasite plant "Monotropa hypopitis" and half-parasites: "Viscum abietis", "Malampyrum nemorosum" and "Melampyrum pratense", are "botanical curiosities" of the reserve.

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Hennessy, E. F. Franklin. "Erythrineae (Fabaceae) in southern Africa." Bothalia 21, no. 1 (September 22, 1991): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v21i1.855.

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Savić, Dragiša, Goran Anačkov, and Pal Boža. "New chorological data for flora of the Pannonian region of Serbia." Open Life Sciences 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-008-0036-3.

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AbstractThe northern part of Serbia, known as Pannonian Serbia, is a lowland region. The autochthonous (indigenous) flora is classified as either steppe, forest-steppe, sand dune or salt flat. Most of the area has been developed agriculturally, thereby reducing the amount of land containing preserved habitats. The flora of this region was collected over a period of several years, supplying new data on the distribution of numerous plant species. The first data on the distribution of flora in Pannonian Serbia for Humulus scandens and Ophris scolopax subsp. Cornuta is presented in this study. The local regions cited were the first time precisely recorded regions were made after a period of over 100 years, for Cardamine impatiens, Monotropa hypopitys subsp. hypopitys, Ononis pusilla, Globularia punctata, Gymnadenia odoratissima and Carex brevicollis. The groups, Peucedanum carvifola and Galium tenuissimum, quite rare in the northern part of Serbia, were found at new localities. In order to present the data, the authors used the method of indirect mapping on UTM grid, with 10 × 10 km as the basic unit. This method is compatible with the edition Atlas Florae Europaeae.

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Duchmann, R., E. May, M. Heike, P. Knolle, M. Neurath, and K.-H. Meyer zum Büschenfelde. "T cell specificity and cross reactivity towards enterobacteria,Bacteroides,Bifidobacterium, and antigens from resident intestinal flora in humans." Gut 44, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.44.6.812.

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BACKGROUNDT cell responses to normal intestinal bacteria or their products may be important in the immunopathogenesis of chronic enterocolitis.AIMSTo investigate the T cell specificity and cross reactivity towards intestinal bacteria.PATIENTS/METHODST cell clones were isolated with phytohaemagglutinin from peripheral blood and biopsy specimens of inflamed and non-inflamed colon from five patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and two controls. T cell clones were restimulated with anaerobicBacteroides andBifidobacteria species, enterobacteria, and direct isolates of aerobic intestinal flora. T cell phenotype was analysed by single-cell immunocyte assay.RESULTSAnalysis of 96 T cell clones isolated from peripheral blood and biopsy specimens from two patients with IBD showed that bothBifidobacterium andBacteroides species specifically stimulate proliferation of CD4+TCRαβ+ T cell clones from both sites and that cross reactivity exists between these anaerobic bacteria and different enterobacteria. Analysis of 210 T cell clones isolated from three patients with IBD and two controls showed that indigenous aerobic flora specifically stimulate T cell clones from peripheral blood and biopsy specimens from a foreign subject. Some of these flora specific T cell clones were cross reactive with defined enterobacteria. In addition, T cell clones stimulated by their own indigenous aerobic flora were identified in patients with IBD.CONCLUSIONImmune responses to antigens from the intestinal microflora involve a complex network of T cell specificities.

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Itoh, K., W. K. Lee, H. Kawamura, T. Mitsuoka, and T. Magaribuchi. "Intestinal bacteria antagonistic to Clostridium difficile in mice." Laboratory Animals 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367787780740662.

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Overgrowth by Clostridium difficile has been reported in conventional mice injected intraperitoneally with ampicillin. In this study, we aimed to determine which types of indigenous intestinal bacteria were eliminated by ampicillin to allow overgrowth by C. difficile C. difficile overgrowth was associated with a decrease in the numbers of lactobacilli, an increase in bacteroidaceae and a slight decrease in the frequency of isolation of fusiform-shaped bacteria (clostridia). C. difficile cytotoxin was detected in caeca from mice in which the numbers of C. difficile were greater than 105 per gram of faeces. Gnotobiotic mice were inoculated with various groups of intestinal anaerobes to determine which members of the indigenous flora would antagonize C. difficile. Gnotobiotic mice inoculated with three strains of lactobacilli, 37 strains of bacteroides or 46 strains of clostridia isolated from limited-flora mice were unable to eliminate C. difficile. C. difficile was eliminated, however, from the gastrointestinal tracts of gnotobiotic mice inoculated with whole faeces or chloroform-treated faeces from conventional mice or whole faeces from limited-flora mice containing only clostridia.

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Wamelink, Wieger, H. F. Van Dobben, P. W. Goedhart, and L. M. Jones-Walters. "The Role of Abiotic Soil Parameters as a Factor in the Success of Invasive Plant Species." Emerging Science Journal 2, no. 6 (December 13, 2018): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2018-01155.

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Plant species dispersal has been strongly enhanced by human activities. Introduced species have to cope with indigenous species and local conditions. They may avoid indigenous species by occupying new (abiotic) territory. Once a species is established it may become a pest, and may seriously threaten other species and ecosystems.In this paper we focus on invasive plant species of the Dutch flora. We make two comparisons: (1) Dutch neophytes (i.e. arrived in The Netherlands after 1825) vs. indigenous Dutch flora; and (2) species of the Dutch flora that have become invasive outside Europe vs. non-invasive species of the Dutch flora. We hypothesize that at least part of the success of the invasive or neophyte species is due to their ability to grow under a wider range of abiotic soil circumstances than other species. We regard an invasive species as successful if it is able to disperse from the introduction site(s) and remain present in the invaded vegetation.For ten out of the sixteen abiotic factors there is a wider range for the neophytes: chlorine, potassium, mean highest and lowest groundwater level, phosphorus (and total content) and pH H2O.We hypothesized that part of the success of invasive species may be the adaptation to a variety of abiotic soil parameters. This is indeed the case for a number of the examined parameters, mostly related to nutrient availability and soil pH. This indicates that the success of invasive species is at least partly caused by their ability to grow under a wide range of nutrient availability and soil pH. Their success may therefore be stimulated by the increasing pollution of natural areas by excessive nitrogen.

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Banwell, J. G., R. Howard, I. Kabir, and J. W. Costerton. "Bacterial overgrowth by indigenous microflora in the phytohemagglutinin-fed rat." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-177.

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Phytohemagglutinin lectin (PHA) derived from red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) causes bacterial and protozoal colonization of the rat small intestine. To provide additional insights into this phenomenon we have studied the time course and population dynamics of microbial colonization of the major aerobe – facultative anaerobe groups which characterize this microflora. Compared with controls, PHA caused proliferation of a consistent adherent microbial flora in the jejunum (P < 0.01). The predominant bacteria identified were Escherichia coli. a Streptococcal sp., and Lactobacillus. Escherichia coli isolates expressed no predominant serotype or fimbriae; none elaborated heat-labile or heat-stable toxin. Both E. coli and Streptococcal sp. populations increased within 24 h of PHA feeding and were sustained during further exposure to PHA (P < 0.05). On reversion to a control diet, coliform counts fell progressively within 24–48 h and continued to decline, whereas gram-positive rod and coccus flora became the more prominent colonizers through days 1 to 4 of the reversion.

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Berg, Hans F., Jeroen H. T. Tjhie, Gert-Jan Scheffer, Marcel F. Peeters, Peter H. J. van Keulen, Jan A. J. W. Kluytmans, and Ellen E. Stobberingh. "Emergence and Persistence of Macrolide Resistance in Oropharyngeal Flora and Elimination of Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus after Therapy with Slow-Release Clarithromycin: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 11 (November 2004): 4183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.11.4183-4188.2004.

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ABSTRACT To investigate the effect of slow-release (SR) clarithromycin on colonization and the development of resistance in oropharyngeal and nasal flora, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed with 8 weeks of follow-up. A total of 296 patients with documented coronary artery disease were randomized in the preoperative outpatient clinic to receive a daily dose of SR clarithromycin (500 mg) (CL group) or placebo tablets (PB group) until the day of surgery. Nose and throat swabs were taken before the start of therapy, directly after the end of therapy, and 8 weeks later. The presence of potential pathogenic bacteria was determined, and if they were isolated, MIC testing was performed. Quantitative culture on media with and without macrolides was performed for the indigenous oropharyngeal flora. In addition, analysis of the mechanism of resistance was performed with the macrolide-resistant indigenous flora. Basic patient characteristics were comparable in the two treatment groups. The average number of tablets taken was 15 (standard deviation = 6.4). From the throat swabs, Haemophilus parainfluenzae was isolated and carriage was not affected in either of the treatment groups. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, however, was significantly reduced in the CL group (from 35.3 to 4.3%) compared to the PB group (from 32.4 to 30.3%) (P < 0.0001; relative risk [RR], 7.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1 to 16.0). Resistance to clarithromycin was present significantly more frequently in H. parainfluenzae in the CL group after treatment (P = 0.007; RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.3); also, the percentage of patients with resistance to macrolides in the indigenous flora after treatment was significantly higher in the CL group (31 to 69%) (P < 0.0001; RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.5). This persisted for at least 8 weeks. This study shows that besides the effective elimination of nasal carriage of S. aureus, treatment with SR clarithromycin for approximately 2 weeks has a marked and sustained effect on the development of resistance in the oropharyngeal flora for at least 8 weeks.

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Das, Prabhat, and Chinnamadasamy Kalidass. "Genus Pyrus: A new record from the family Rosaceae for Odisha." Indian Journal of Forestry 44, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2021-72c3ve.

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The genus Pyrus L. is reported as an addition to the non-indigenous flora of Odisha. The description, nomenclature, phenology and other relevant details are provided for easy identification and better understanding of the taxa.

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Silva, Luís, and Clifford W. Smith. "A Characterization of the Non-indigenous Flora of the Azores Archipelago." Biological Invasions 6, no. 2 (2004): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:binv.0000022138.75673.8c.

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Cheryatova, Yulya S., and Elena Yu Yembaturova. "Transgenic plants — a threat to local flora?" Ecological genetics 20, no. 1S (December 8, 2022): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen112372.

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The paper covers major threats associated with wide-range introduction and cultivation of transgenic plants due to germplasm mixing with that of indigenous species of natural plant communities and risks of transgenic plants adverse impact on the environment. Among them are: influencing non-target species, invasive power, possibility of GMPs escaping into the environment by horizontal gene transfer as well as harmful effect on the soil biota. Currently, herbicide- and pest-resistant genetically modified plants (GMP) became an integral part of contemporary agrotechnologies in many economies [1]. However, most countries lack national strategy providing science-based substantiated procedure of creating, distribution and safe production of GMP. Rapid development of agricultural biotechnology and GMP production offered many economical benefits but also caused concern due to their potential environmental impact. To date, truly negative effects of GMP production, revealed in the course of growing, are known: harmful effect of entomocide Cry-proteins (Bt endotoxins) on non-target biota, target phytophage resistance to insecticidal plants, phytophage species succession to replace the species eliminated in the agrocoenosis. Vertical transfer of GMP transgenes (repollination between transgenic plants and wild species or isogenic varieties), as well as slow decomposition of transgenic plants remains all these factors can have remote environmental consequences [2, 3]. Wind-dispersed pollen of insecticidal GMP contaminates soil and open water reservoirs by toxins, thus posing potential hazards for aquatic organisms and geobionts (including rhizospheric organisms). Thus, uncontrolled GMP production and introduction, creates a real threat of losing biodiversity and genetic diversity of indigenous plants due to biological contamination. Therefore, GMP cultivation and monitoring in the fields is of exceptional importance and must be regulated by a science-based national strategy. This strategy would allow to exclude agroecological and environmental genetic risks, to keep the genetic diversity of natural plant communities.

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Bouanani, Fatiha. "Representations of Fatherhood and Pre-colonial Masculine Otherness in Flora Nwapa’s Idu (1970)." International Conference on Gender Research 5, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): pp59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/icgr.5.1.193.

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Drawing on Nwapa’s representations of pre-colonial definitions of West African manhood, I will examine the interrelated ways of the male characters’ perception and yet distinctive ways of responding to pre-colonial hegemonic masculinity represented in Idu. Moreover, this chapter explores the narrative irony used by Nwapa to redefine notions of producing children, contest polygamy, and interrogate indigenous pre-colonial constructions of manhood in the novel. Her interrogation of indigenous masculinity constructions encourages us to recognize that representations of contemporary masculinities are constantly linked to pre-colonial patriarchal definitions of manhood, as will be shown throughout the following chapters. Using a qualitative research approach, my research paper argues that Nwapa, in Idu, exposes that the Nigerian pre-colonial association of hegemonic masculinity with ‘virility’ proves to be harmful, too powerful to be resisted, dehumanizing, and tragic. I contend that although a woman’s childlessness is presented to be equally painful, the novel sheds more light on the complexity of male infertility, and uses the ironic narrative as a mechanism to contest pre-colonial indigenous constructions of manhood in the Igbo society, redefining the Igbos’ attachment to producing children.

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Chauhan, Snehita, and Ram Saran Chaurasiya. "Bioremediation of diesel contaminated soil through microbial flora." Environment Conservation Journal 13, no. 1&2 (June 18, 2012): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2012.131220.

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Microbial degradation of spilled oil is one of the major routes of the natural removal of contaminants from the environment. Biodegradation gradually destroy oil spills by the help of microorganisms. In the present work the indigenous microorganisms from the oil contaminated area were isolated. Contaminant compounds transformed by these isolates through reactions that take place as a part of their metabolic process were studied. The result of the present study showed the bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils, which exploits the ability of micro organisms to degrade and/or detoxify organic contaminations.

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Xu, Weinan, Hua Li, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam, Dieu Thi Tran, Michael G. K. Jones, Xin Chen, and Stephen J. Wylie. "Spillover of a Tobamovirus from the Australian Indigenous Flora to Invasive Weeds." Viruses 14, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081676.

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The tobamovirus yellow tailflower mild mottle virus (YTMMV) was previously reported in wild plants of Anthocercis species (family Solanaceae) and other solanaceous indigenous species growing in natural habitats in Western Australia. Here, we undertook a survey of two introduced solanaceous weeds, namely Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) and Physalis peruviana (cape gooseberry) in the Perth metropolitan area and surrounds to determine if YTMMV has spread naturally to these species. At a remnant natural bushland site where both solanaceous weeds and indigenous Anthocercis hosts grew adjacent to one another, a proportion of S. nigrum and P. peruviana plants were asymptomatically-infected with YTMMV, confirming spillover had occurred. Populations of S. nigrum also grow as weeds in parts of the city isolated from remnant bushland and indigenous sources of YTMMV, and some of these populations were also infected with YTMMV. Fruit was harvested from virus-infected wild S. nigrum plants and the seed germinated under controlled conditions. Up to 80% of resultant seedlings derived from infected parent plants were infected with YTMMV, confirming that the virus is vertically-transmitted in S. nigrum, and therefore infection appears to be self-sustaining in this species. This is the first report of spillover of YTMMV to exotic weeds, and of vertical transmission of this tobamovirus. We discuss the roles of vertical and horizontal transmission in this spillover event, and its implications for biosecurity.

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Malagón, Omar, Jorge Ramírez, José Miguel Andrade, Vladimir Morocho, Chabaco Armijos, and Gianluca Gilardoni. "Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology of the Ecuadorian Flora. A Review." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 3 (March 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100307.

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Ecuador owns many high quantity and wealthy ecosystems that contain an elevated biodiversity in flora and fauna. The use of native medicinal plants has been maintained by at least 18 different indigenous cultures; furthermore, this country has been the witness of the discovery of important medicinal plants, such as Cinchona, and is an understudied resource of new natural products. The objective of this review is to update the ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies accomplished on the Ecuadorian flora, pointing to the 253 native families and more than 15,000 species registered at present.

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Bennett, Brett M. "Decolonization, Environmentalism and Nationalism in Australia and South Africa." Itinerario 41, no. 1 (April 2017): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115317000079.

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Decolonization influenced the rise of environmental activism and thought in Australia and South Africa in ways that have been overlooked by national histories of environmentalism and imperial histories of decolonization. Australia and South Africa’s political and cultural movement away from Britain and the Commonwealth during the 1960s is one important factor explaining why people in both countries created more, and more important, public indigenous botanic gardens than anywhere else in the world during that decade. Effective decolonization from Britain also influenced the rise of indigenous gardening and the growing popularity of native gardens at a critical period in gardening and environmental history. Most facets of contemporary gardening—using plants indigenous to the site or region, planting drought-tolerant species, and seeing gardens as sites to help conserve regional and national flora—can be dated to the 1960s and 1970s. The interpretation advanced here adds to historical research tracing how the former Commonwealth settler colonies experienced effective decolonization in the same era. This article expands the focus of research on decolonization to include environmentalism. The interpretation of the article also augments national environmental histories that have hitherto downplayed the influence of decolonization on the rise of environmentalism. Putting decolonization into the history of the rise of environmental thought and action sheds light on why people in contemporary Australia and South Africa are so passionate about protecting indigenous flora and fauna, and so worried about threats posed by non-native invasive species.

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Farris, Emmanuele, Michele Carta, Salvatore Circosta, Salvatore Falchi, Guillaume Papuga, and Peter de Lange. "The indigenous vascular flora of the forest domain of Anela (Sardinia, Italy)." PhytoKeys 113 (December 11, 2018): 97–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.113.28681.

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The importance of mountains for plant diversity and richness is underestimated, particularly when transition zones between different bioclimates are present along altitudinal gradients. Here we present the first floristic data for a mountain area in the island of Sardinia (Italy), which exhibits Mediterranean bioclimates at the bottom and temperate bioclimate at the top. We discovered a very high floristic richness, despite the fact that the number of endemic taxa is not high and the number of exclusive taxa is very low. Many of the detected taxa are at their range periphery and/or ecological margin. We conclude that climate transition zones in Mediterranean mountains and especially on islands are key areas regarding plant biodiversity and should be better investigated and protected.

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Wells, Carol L., Donavon J. Hess, and Stanley L. Erlandsen. "IMPACT OF THE INDIGENOUS FLORA IN ANIMAL MODELS OF SHOCK AND SEPSIS." Shock 22, no. 6 (December 2004): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.shk.0000145935.24344.2d.

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Heenan, P. B., and L. J. Forester. "Mazus pumilio(Scrophulariaceae), an addition to the indigenous flora of New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Botany 35, no. 4 (December 1997): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1987.10410168.

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Herthelius, M., S. L. Gorbach, R. Möllby, C. E. Nord, L. Pettersson, and J. Winberg. "Elimination of vaginal colonization with Escherichia coli by administration of indigenous flora." Infection and Immunity 57, no. 8 (1989): 2447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.57.8.2447-2451.1989.

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Van Sittert, Lance. "Making the Cape Floral Kingdom: The discovery and defence of indigenous flora at the Cape ca. 1890-1939." Landscape Research 28, no. 1 (January 2003): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426390306529.

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Sîrbu, Culiţă, and Adrian Oprea. "A new Contribution on the Vascular Flora of Romania." Acta Horti Botanici Bucurestiensis 40, no. 1 (November 1, 2013): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahbb-2013-0002.

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Abstract As a result of our field floristic studies in the recent years (2012 and 2013), we recorded some new data on the occurrence and chorology of three vascular plant species in Romania. Two of these are alien plants, invasive in many geographic regions of the world, namely: Acroptilon repens (an Asian species, reported as a newcomer in the flora of Romania, in this paper), and Picris echioides (a Mediterranean species, which is reported now in new localities). The third species, Pedicularis sylvatica, is a quite rare indigenous plant, critically threatened in Romania, reported here for the first time in the flora of Moldavia (eastern Romania).

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Andersen, L., and S. Cislaghi. "Comparison between using starter culture, Gdl, and a combination of both in the production of salami." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 5-6-1 (2007): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0701283a.

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In the production of fermented, dry sausages (salami) it is important to oppress the acidification to ensure a safe and controlled processing. The acidification may be achieved by applying a starter culture containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), chemically by e.g. glucono-deltalacton (GdL, E 575) or relying on the indigenous LAB flora. In salami meat model the acidification and LAB development with GdL in two levels, 0.4% and 0.8%, with and without starter culture were compared. The starter culture was Lyocarni RBL-73 with Lactobacillus curvatus as the acidifier. In parallel a control without any acidifier added was followed. An initial pH decline to pH below 5.3 at 25?C was obtained with both GdL applications. In comparison it took approx. 17 hours for the starter culture to achieve the same pH. Furthermore it was demonstrated that GdL did not control the indigenous flora which the starter culture was capable of. Consequently, if the application of GdL is required it is recommendable to combine low amounts of GdL with a starter culture to control the processing.

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Wang, Qian, Xinhua Xu, Fanglin Zhao, Zhihao Liu, and Jinan Xu. "Reduction remediation of hexavalent chromium by bacterial flora in Cr(VI) aqueous solution." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 11 (June 1, 2010): 2889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.186.

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Chromium(VI) is a priority pollutant in soils and wastewaters and reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is a solution to this problem. In this study a low-cost method was proposed to adapt indigenous bacteria and use them to reduce Cr(VI) in solutions. The experiment results show that Cr(VI) could be efficiently reduced by indigenous bacteria under anaerobic and pH-unadjusted conditions. After about 24 h the concentration of Cr(VI) could be reduced from 21.74 mg/L to below 0.5 mg/L. The observed Cr(VI) reduction rates were affected by temperature and pH. Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions could be reduced to Cr(III) completely and partly be incepted by the organisms. Cr(VI) reduction was enzyme-mediated. It was not an energy-conserving process but a detoxification reaction. This method could be used in an anaerobic reactor to treat low-concentration wastewater or industrial water as the last step.

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Demissew, Sebsebe, Ib Friis, and Odile Weber. "Diversity and endemism of the flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea: state of knowledge and future perspectives." Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 32, no. 4 (October 19, 2021): 675–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-021-01027-8.

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AbstractUnderstanding biodiversity of plants depends on detailed knowledge of floristics and environmental parameters. According to the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea (FEE; 1989–2009), the latest academic flora of these two topographically complex countries, the number of taxa (including non-indigenous ones) is 6027 of which 647 are endemic. Since 2009, 56 indigenous taxa have been described from the FEE area. Based on FEE data and later information, the number of indigenous species is here counted at 5219. In the RAINBIO database Sosef et al. (BMC Biol 15:1–23, 2017) counted the number of indigenous species in Ethiopia at 4481 (Eritrea not counted). Studies of local diversity and endemism produce different results with varying methods and sources: FEE data show highest diversity in the southern part of Ethiopia near the borders with Kenya, while RAINBIO data show highest diversity in the south-west and around the town of Harar. Wang et al. (J Syst Evol 58(1):33–42, 2020) found the highest ‘weighted endemism’ in the central Ethiopian mountains, while our FEE data indicates highest single-region endemism near the borders with Kenya and Somalia; Hawthorne and Marshall (Gard Bull Singap 71(Suppl. 2):315–333, 2019), weighting species according to rarity, found the highest ‘bioquality score’ in the same areas as our highest single-region endemism. Studies of altitudinal diversity show a ‘mid-elevation diversity bulge’ at 1400–2100 m a.s.l. More data are needed before we understand the complex diversity of the two countries, including altitudinal diversity. We review needs for additional data gathering and modelling that may help answering outstanding questions. Graphic abstract

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El Mokni, Ridha, Duilio Iamonico, Errol Véla, Filip Verloove, and Gianniantonio Domina. "New records of Asteraceae for the non-native flora of Tunisia and north Africa with some nomenclatural remarks." Mediterranean Botany 43 (January 24, 2022): e73688. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/mbot.73688.

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Sixteen new Asteraceae are added to the non-indigenous flora of Tunisia. Six of them (Dimorphotheca ecklonis, Gaillardia pulchella, Gazania linearis var. linearis, Guizotia abyssinica, Rudbeckia triloba and Tithonia diversifolia) are also new for the flora of North Africa. Chrysanthemum morifolium is here first reported for the Mediterranean Basin. Seven genera (Argyranthemum, Bidens, Dimorphotheca, Gaillardia, Guizotia, Rudbeckia and Tithonia) are recorded for the first time for the vascular flora of Tunisia. Most of these species escaped from gardens and pots and became casual along roadsides and/or disturbed areas after cypsela dispersion (except for Chrysanthemum morifolium). Some species, even though appearing to be well established locally and are potentially invasive at a worldwide level, still do not behave so in Tunisia. In addition to the floristic notes, the typification of the names Dimorphotheca ecklonis, Gorteria linearis and Mirasolia diversifolia are discussed.

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Gill, M. "Pigments of Australasian Dermocybe Toadstools." Australian Journal of Chemistry 48, no. 1 (1995): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9950001.

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A number of new secondary metabolites, mostly pigments, which have been isolated from indigenous Australasian toadstools belonging to the genus Dermocybe, are described and discussed from structural, stereochemical and biosynthetic points of view. The potential for the discovery of new biologically active substances in the native fungal flora is demonstrated and a plea for greater taxonomic involvement is expressed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Indigenous flora'

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