Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Indigenous communities'
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1
Lashuk, Colleen. "Instant indigenous communities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ31604.pdf.
2
Cottrell, Martin. "Electrical diversity in remote indigenous communities." Thesis, Cottrell, Martin (2007) Electrical diversity in remote indigenous communities. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40884/.
Abstract:
The Bushlight program can be considered an excellent example of a program that provides stand-alone genset/photovoltaic (PV) systems to Remote Indigenous communities. A reduction in system costs, by the application of Diversity Factors, would further Bushlight's ability to provide these energy supply solutions.
Diversity is the concept that the Electricity Use for a group of similar Households will be less than the sum of the Electricity Use for each individual Household. Diversity Factors are the ratio of this diversity. Diversity Factors for commercial application have been developed through experience with urban Electricity Use. However, they are not applicable to Bushlight because of the smaller scale of the Bushlight installations and the differences in user behaviour.
Some preliminary Diversity Factors applicable to Remote Indigenous communities, as well as trends in these Diversity Factors, were calculated through comparison of Electricity Use between sites. A process that outlined the steps required to calculate Diversity Factors from monitored data was also determined. The comparison was undertaken in a manner that incorporated external influences such as temperature and Household size. The Monitored Data used for the comparisons had a number of issues, which were believed to be common to Remote monitoring. An assessment of the limitations associated with these issues was also undertaken.
A list of options for further work has been prepared. This list should be assessed by Bushlight staff to determine the most appropriate method of refining the calculated Diversity Factors.
3
Wenczenovicz, Thaís Janaina. "Power and violence at Brazilians indigenous communities." IUS ET VERITAS, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122553.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is understand the violence against indigenous peoples in contemporary Brazil, it is necessary from a systemic and long-term analysis, considering their interrelationship with power. Power used in the process of occupation and settlement, in the disputes over land, or in the process of settlement, acculturation and assimilation. For this analysis it is necessary to understand the violence from the Colonialidade of power, with the independence of the colonies of the Iberian Empires, the colonial power remained.El objetivo de esto estudio es entender la violencia contra los pueblos indígenas en el Brasil contemporáneo, se hace a partir de un análisis sistémico y de largo plazo, considerando su interrelación con el poder. Este poder ha sido utilizado en el proceso de ocupación y asentamiento, en los conflictos sobre la tierra, o en proceso de aculturación y asimilación.Para ese proceso de análisis se hace necesario entender la violencia de la Colonialidad del Poder, que aún con la independencia de las colonias de los imperios ibéricos, el poder colonial se mantuvo.
4
Harrison, Alwyn Richard. "Andalusi Christianity : the survival of indigenous Christian communities." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/113993.
Abstract:
This thesis comprises an attempt to re-evaluate the experience and the survival of the indigenous Christian population of al-Andalus. It is a response to two problematic aspects of the historiography, whose authority has only recently begun to be questioned: first, the inordinate focus upon the polemical and problematic mid-ninth-century Cordoban hagiography and apologetic of Eulogius and Paul Albar, whose prejudiced vision has not only been accepted as a source of social history, but also projected onto all Andalusī Christianity to support the second – the assertion that conversion happened early and en masse, and led to their eradication in the early twelfth century. Eulogius and Albar’s account of a Córdoba oppressed and Christians persecuted (a trope herein dubbed the ecclesia destituta) has dominated thinking about the indigenous Christians of al-Andalus, due to its championing by Catholic historians since the texts’ rediscovery and publication in 1574, and by nineteenth-century Spanish nationalists to whose ideological and patriotic purposes it was amenable. The Cordobans’ account is here re-evaluated as regards its value as a historical artefact and its internal problems are outlined. The discrepancies between the picture created by Eulogius and Albar and that of other contemporary reports, and the problematic hagiography, are then explained to some degree by the literary models Eulogius had at his disposal – of primary interest are the classical pagan poetics of Vergil, Horace and Juvenal and the late antique theology of Augustine. Albar’s famous despair at the Arabisation of the Christian youth has, in conjunction with Eulogius’ ecclesia destituta and the relative scarcity of documentary evidence for the Christians of Andalusī territory, formed the crux of assumptions regarding the speed and extent of Arabisation and conversion. In reassessing Richard Bulliet’s ‘curve of conversion’, which seemed on a faulty reading to prove these assumptions, the second part of the thesis seeks to argue that profound Arabisation did not impact until a century later than is thought and resulted not in assimilative decline but in a late cultural flowering, and show the long, and in many places unbroken, survival of indigenous Christian communities in al-Andalus to the early fifteenth century.
5
Magaisa, Alex Tawanda. "Knowledge protection in indigenous communities : the case of indigenous medical knowledge systems in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2630/.
Abstract:
This study examines the contentious issues relating to the exploitation of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) within the context of the expanding regime of intellectual property law (IP law). The study focuses specifically on the area of indigenous medical knowledge (IMK) within the geographical context of Zimbabwe as a country case study. The study examines the centrality of knowledge in the global economy and using international political economic theory and practice, demonstrates why it is a key site of struggles between and among nations and various stakeholders. While it considers the narrow issue of the applicability or otherwise of IP law to IKS, this study takes the approach that it is necessary to understand the socio-historical developments that account for the peripheral status of IKS in relation to the dominant western knowledge systems (WKS). A key argument of this study is that the lack of legal protection of IKS is directly connected to their marginal status in social, intellectual, cultural and economic terms arising from the dominance of the predominantly WKS. It is argued that far from being a narrow legalistic debate, the matter of the protection of IKS is a wider socio-cultural, economic and political issue that centres on the power relations between and among people, corporations and states. Through a combination of theoretical and field investigations, the study seeks to explore the factors that account for the marginalisation of IKS generally and IMK systems in particular. The “struggle thesis” demonstrates that from an historical viewpoint knowledge systems are in a state of constant interaction and struggle resulting in problems. The key to resolving the problems is to acknowledge difference and accept the legitimacy and validity of different knowledge systems and to democratise the regime of knowledge protection both nationally and globally. It proposes that solutions lie in not only reconstructing the legal architecture but also in ensuring that the social, economic and political structures are reconstructed to safeguard and nurture the IKS. The study investigates the needs and expectations of the indigenous communities including their rationale for the protection of their knowledge systems. Finally, it also contributes to the development of indigenous research methodologies.
6
Jackson, Melissa. "Transformative Community Water Governance in Remote Australian Indigenous Communities." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/406052.
Abstract:
Governing water systems to address issues of safety, security and sustainability and to build resilient communities is a key policy focus globally, as climate change and human impacts on freshwater resources are being increasingly felt. Yet, in remote Indigenous community contexts, Western management systems tend to focus on technical and engineering aspects of water services, often excluding Indigenous people from decisions about their own water resources. Unsustainable and inadequate water services have resulted that constrain local economic development and contribute to poor health and high mortality rates of Indigenous peoples. Sustainable water governance approaches are recognised as important to address such issues, but the pace and scale of uptake has been slow. Transformative governance is an emerging field of research and praxis that has potential to support scaling up sustainable water outcomes, however, very limited empirical or theoretical studies exist from which to guide action, particularly at the community scale, or in remote Indigenous community contexts.
Focusing on remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia as a study setting, this thesis aims to explore Transformative Community Water Governance (TCWG) as an approach for practice and consider how it can be applied to contribute to sustainable and resilient remote Indigenous communities. Through a pragmatic and transdisciplinary lens, three objectives are addressed: 1) identify key concepts and principles for TCWG and assess current water governance arrangements and processes in remote Indigenous Australia; 2) develop an evidencebased framework for TCWG appropriate for application to remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities; 3) apply the conceptual TCWG framework in a remote Indigenous community context to identify lessons for practice.
Employing mixed methods, the exploratory study identified key concepts and principles for TCWG and assessed current practice in remote Australia in relation to these. The findings reveal limited uptake in practice of processes that could support longer-term transformative sustainability outcomes. Barriers that prevent transformative governance being adopted are also identified across five categories: governance arrangements and processes; economic and financial; capacity, skills education and employment; data and information; and cultural values and norms.
Enablers that can support transformative community water governance in this context are also identified. These findings provide the foundation for design of a novel TCWG framework applicable to remote Indigenous Australia. Key components of the framework include a guiding vision, five foundational principles to guide planning and action, an eight-step process for implementation, together with knowledge sharing activities across communities and regions. These components in combination create a comprehensive framework to guide community water governance for transformative change outcomes across communities and the water sector.
Moving beyond conceptual research, the TCWG framework was applied through participatory action research in the remote community of Masig in the Torres Strait Islands (Australia), providing lessons for practice. Activities included installation, monitoring and feedback on household water use from high-resolution smart water meters, household end-use survey and in-depth interviews with community and other stakeholders. The action research demonstrated how technocratic management approaches occur, are reinforced and impact on communities at the local scale resulting in outcomes that do not fit the local conditions. For example on Masig, continued focus and investments in centralised water treatment ignores community member preferences for drinking rainwater, which is often untreated, over mains water; imposition of water restrictions increase health risks from storing water for use during the day; while existing strengths within the community that could support longterm sustainable water outcomes are generally not considered in water decisions. A co-designed household water demand management trial also resulted in a 39% reduction in water use over the research period, demonstrating that a coordinated and educative approach can be more effective than ‘stick’ approaches, at least in the shortterm, building a foundation for long-term change.
The overall thesis findings suggest that there is significant potential for a TCWG approach to improve outcomes for sustainable, resilient communities and water systems at the local level and for scaling up on a larger scale. Recommendations are provided based on the research findings, for embedding this approach into governance institutions and supporting capacity building within the water governance system. Considerations for scaling up the TCWG approach across diverse community contexts, such as Pacific Island communities, and post-colonial settler nations such as New Zealand, Canada and the United States are also identified.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
7
Baldetti, Herrera Carlos. "Acceptability of nickel extraction between indigenous and non-indigenous communities of El Estor, Izabal, Guatemala." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1348342.
Abstract:
In 1971 the company Exmibal, called today CGN, got a concession for the extraction of nickel in El Estor. Ten years later, Exmibal cancelled its work. Now, Exmibal is trying to return to El Estor. The opinion of rural populations affected by this extraction was not clear. The purpose of this research was to determine and compare the level of acceptability of nickel extraction between the indigenous and non-indigenous communities. The level of acceptability was tested throughout eliciting cultural domains, and then comparing the level of acceptability using the Chi-Square test. The relation of this acceptability with locally perceived socioeconomic and environmental benefits and constraints was also identified. The elicitation of domains established the priority of water, animals, wood and trees for the communities, placing nickel extraction in fifth place of salience and relating it mostly with natural resources destruction, employment and land expropriation. Comparing the level of acceptability, indigenous communities do not accept the work of the Company while the non-indigenous community accepts it.Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management
8
Anders, Wendy. "Family violence in Indigenous communities: What is the impact of domestic violence on Indigenous families?" Thesis, Indigenous Heath Studies, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5702.
Abstract:
Domestic violence is recognized as the most entrenched and pervasive form of violence in society today. It is also one of the most serious social problems facing our communities, with enormous costs both to individuals and to society. Male Violence against female partners is a widespread practice and recognition of this fact is occurring. Women are most at risk of murder inside their own homes: most female homicide victims die at the hands of their male partner, usually after a history of domestic violence. The impact of the violence results in psychological and physical trauma for many families. Violence is generally seen as a manifestation of patriarchal values of male supremacy involving factors such as ownership, of property, power and control, female subordination, and the institution of marriage and the family. Male violence relates to gender inequity. Thus it is a political issue. It is not only women who are traumatized by the violence. Children do not only observe their parents' conflict, there is increasing evidence that the abuse of children is endemic in Australia.
9
Hamuse, Tiberia Ndanyakukwa Iilonga. "The survival of Cuanhama San communities in Angola." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11202.
Abstract:
This study investigated the survival strategies adopted by the San in Cunene Province in Southern Angola. The study intended first to gain understanding of the economic activities that the San in Cuanhama municipality districts of Kafima Centre and Etale La Mulovi employ to sustain their livelihoods. Secondly, the study explored how accessible the basic social services of education and health were to the San in these communities. Utilising qualitative research methods, face-to-face interviews and focus group research were conducted. From the data collected on education the study findings show that none of the children from both communities were enrolled at any school. To this end, at Kafima Centre the main hindering factors that contributed inter alia included hunger at school, stigmatization by the neighbouring community and poverty among San communities. At Etale La Mulavi San community there was lack of educational facilities near the San habitations, constituting a key hindering factor to accessing education. On health, the closer the public health centre was to the San community the more the San utilised the health services for treatment and management of common diseases like Malaria and cough as well as other diseases. On survival strategies both San communities “okunhanga” ‘go.. and look for..’ (fending for food) was the primary survival strategy the San were involved in for the sustenance of their livelihoods. The findings informed the recommendations in chapter five of this study.
10
Blakesley, Simon C. "Remote and unresearched : a contextualized study of non-Indigenous educational leaders working in Yukon Indigenous communities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24852.
Abstract:
This study engages in a critical analysis of the lived experiences of non-Indigenous educational leaders working in Indigenous communities in the Yukon Territory, Canada. It sheds light on the epistemic and cross-cultural tensions underpinning much of the literature on educational leadership, and aims to address Walker and Dimmock’s (2000) concern that studies of comparative education have been generally absent from educational leadership and management, thereby limiting the available body of knowledge specific to culture and leadership.
The study focuses on five questions: How do non-Indigenous Yukon principals construct their professional identity and their role as educational leaders? How do they construct their notions of educational leadership and practice? Given the Yukon’s distinct governance and policy contexts, how do they construct understandings of ‘indigeneity’ in relation to local Indigenous culture? How do they address the tensions arising at the juncture of policies imported from outside the Yukon and the Yukon Education Act (1990)?
A critical ethnographic research approach is used to shed light upon these questions. Extensive semi-structured interviews with two male and two female participants in four Yukon schools are conducted. Detailed observations create unique ‘portraits’ of each school and their principals. Pertinent documents are also examined to provide further information and context.
This examination suggests that non-Indigenous Yukon principals are caught at the center of micro (school), meso (community), and macro (government) operational and policy levels that powerfully shape their professional identities and their perceptions of their roles as principals. While referred to as ‘educational leaders’ by the extant body of literature and governments, they do not use this term in their identity constructions. Trapped betwixt and between their schools, communities, and government policies in a fragmented Yukon educational field, instead they refer to themselves in managerial and administrative ways as they juggle educational ends mandated by distinct, and somewhat competing, jurisdictions.
This study presents another lens through which to examine educational leadership, and offers insights into the use of ethnographic methods as a powerful research tool. Based on these contributions, this study should be informative to current and future practitioners and scholars of education and educational leadership.
11
Páez, Varas Claudia. "Food security and gendered participation in indigenous Andean highland communities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57684.
Abstract:
Today, much of the agricultural production and food security (FS) in developing countries relies on women. They play critical roles in the availability, access and utilization of food at household and community levels. Women’s roles, however, are underestimated and constrained by restricted access to resources, services and labour market opportunities. Despite their fundamental position in global FS, the majority of undernourished people are women and girls. Failing to recognize the existence of gender exclusion and unequal gender dynamics perpetuates the current status of women and increases the risk of food insecurity. Thus, it is crucial to acknowledge that households and communities are gendered entities. This research aims to improve the understanding of gender participation in FS at the household and community levels in agricultural indigenous communities in the South Andean highlands. These communities are part of the indigenous campesinos (peasants) population that meaningfully contributes to produce food in Peru and other Latin American regions. The research focuses on women’s physical and decision-making tasks regarding production, accessibility and utilization of food for their families and communities. This case study centers on two Quechua agricultural communities in the Cusco Region, Peru, and used qualitative mixed methods for data collection and analysis. The results suggest that in these communities FS is mainly a household and not a community matter. At the community level, communities are more organized to perform civil, rather than agricultural work. They produce food mostly to generate income to cover administrative expenses. Women head labour and decision-making regarding household FS, but have not relevant role at the community level; they are more involved in lower levels of participation in community political and labour structure. The egalitarian farming is the prevalent system in the household: women and men provide labour and control decision-making. In the community, the prevalent farming system is patriarchal: both genders provide labour but men control decision-making. Addressing FS in these communities requires acknowledging inequalities and strengthening ancient gender relations and agricultural practices.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
12
Longboan, Liezel C. "Technologies of indigeneity : indigenous collective identity narratives in online communities." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/53433/.
Abstract:
This thesis examines contemporary constructions of collective indigenous identity. It specifically focuses on the offline and online interactions among the members of Bibaknets, an online community for indigenous peoples from the highlands of the Cordillera Region, Philippines. The study explores the relational and positional nature of collective indigenous identity as Cordillerans attempt to resolve the tensions between their experiences of marginalisation and their goal for empowerment. Drawing upon Michel Foucault’s concept of governmentality, the thesis critically analyses the processes of Cordilleran collective identity construction which are inscribed in power relations not only between highlanders and the dominant population but also among themselves. On the one hand, members are motivated to join and participate in Bibaknets discussions as a forum for Cordillerans. On the other hand, such participation is constrained by some members who direct the discussions and consequently define the membership of the forum.
13
Miranda, Maureira Teresa. "Living with tourism : Perspectives of Indigenous communities in Québec, Canada." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247422.
Abstract:
This study focuses on the transformation process and reshaping of Indigenous tourism in Québec, Canada, using an ethnographic approach and methods. The central aim is to understand how Indigenous communities are affected by the development of Indigenous tourism and how they deal with this development. Three concepts are elaborated upon: resilience, performance of authenticity and representation of territory. The present study aims to show that these concepts are interconnected and crucial to the discussion of sustainable development. In this study it is important to not merely view Indigenous peoples as people affected by tourism but primarily as individuals who are involved in shaping Indigenous tourism in their communities. This work discusses a process in which society, communities and the Indigenous tourism industry are changing and transforming. I have shown how the dimensions of sustainable development can interact with place-specific conditions and are of importance for the Indigenous communities in Québec.
14
Slabbert, Etienne. "Microbial communities of riparian ecotone invaded by non-indigenous Acacias." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20367.
15
Stafford, Ciara. "Impacts of indigenous communities on the biodiversity of neotropical rainforests." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/impacts-of-indigenous-communities-on-the-biodiversity-of-neotropical-rainforests(613e8c12-bf09-428b-98fc-eacb96845bcf).html.
Abstract:
This thesis explores how indigenous communities in the neotropics affect the biodiversity of the forests in which they live; and assesses how the culture, preferences and perceptions of communities can influence the outcome of this relationship. This is first investigated via a case study that compares primate populations between a protected area in the Ecuadorian Amazon and a territory in its adjacent buffer zone that is owned by an indigenous Kichwa community. I then use an ethnoprimatological approach to investigate the attitudes of this community to primates, namely looking at (a) whether primates are seen as a distinct group, (b) the relative importance of primates as sources of bushmeat and pets and (c) the perceived value of primates in terms of their value as a resource or their ecological role. I show that diurnal primates are seen as a cohesive group, but that tree-dwelling non-primates including sloths, kinkajous and tamanduas are also frequently classified as 'monkeys'. The community's perceptions of the value of primates are more closely associated with their potential as bushmeat and pets, whereas few respondents view their importance in terms of their role in the forest ecosystem. I compare our findings to those in studies of other indigenous groups and discuss how they could contribute to more effective conservation planning. Next, I assess how hunting preferences for mammals and birds vary across communities over the whole of central America, Amazonia and the Guianan shield. I show that primates, cetartiodactyls and rodents are the mammalian cornerstones of prey provision for hunters in neotropical communities, whereas Galliformes, Tinamiformes, Psittaciformes, Gruiformes, Piciformes are the most commonly hunted bird orders. The location of a community alone is a significant but weak predictor of the structure of its hunting profile in terms of order preferences. In addition, I found no relationship between a community's age and size and the average biomass of birds or mammals hunted, or the number of mammal species that are targeted. I discuss whether the age and size of communities are robust indicators of past and current hunting pressure, as well as the suitability of cross-sectional data for monitoring large-scale hunting patterns.
16
Durward, Anna, Iina Santamäki, Luong Nguyen, and Muthoni Nduhiu. "Exploring practitioner’s engagement with Indigenous communities to work towards sustainability." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18345.
Abstract:
With the focus on addressing the sustainability challenge increases in the global agenda, the role of Indigenous communities and the knowledge they hold has been receiving increasing attention as a vital aspect in working towards sustainability. This research sought to bring forth the importance of Indigenous communities and their knowledge in addressing ecological and social sustainability. The research focused on practitioners` engagement with Indigenous communities with the objective of exploring their stories and experiences to offer learning and guidance to other sustainability practitioners. A pragmatic qualitative research approach was adopted in conjunction with literature review, collaborative autoethnography diaries by the authors and nineteen semi-structured interviews with practitioners with experience across sixteen different countries. The results revealed four themed lessons Indigenous communities offer in ecological sustainability, enhancing social sustainability, adaptive capacity in complex human systems, structural obstacles and definitions. Results also presented best practices and guidelines across four main themes for successful engagement with Indigenous communities. The discussion offers insights on what all sustainability practitioners can learn when working in the Indigenous context. Ultimately, becoming the bridge to foster mutual learning between Indigenous and Industrialized world toward global sustainability.
17
Stewart, Joanne. "Assets and aspirations: Carbon management opportunities in remote indigenous communities." Thesis, Stewart, Joanne (2016) Assets and aspirations: Carbon management opportunities in remote indigenous communities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35016/.
Abstract:
Two current pressing global challenges, climate change due to anthropogenic carbon emissions and poverty, are inextricably intertwined. In Australia these two issues are particularly pertinent. The nation is one of the highest per capita carbon emitters in the world, and despite being one of the most developed, the socio-economic disadvantage of its Indigenous peoples continues. This thesis provides a contribution to the dual fields of resilient and sustainable community development and climate change mitigation, with a sub-focus on asset-based assessment models for enabling community-directed low-carbon development in remote Indigenous communities.
The remaining socio-economic disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians has revealed a need for an alternative approach to the past policy incrementalism that focuses on issues and needs, and improved engagement with remote communities. Therefore, an asset-based model, the Resilient Community and Livelihood Asset Integration Model (ReCLAIM), with a focus on aspirations and a continuous participatory appraisal cycle was developed for application with a community Advisory Committee. The six-step decision support model was applied, via a series of workshops, with two remote Indigenous communities to assist their selection of goal-oriented carbon management strategies.
The application of the model identified the existing and aspirational assets of the communities, their current carbon emission profiles, the carbon management strategies they preferred for their settlement areas, the modelled outcomes and implementation plans. The carbon profiles and strategies selected differed between the two communities highlighting the need for a community-directed approach to understanding the drivers of carbon emissions, removals and mitigation responses. Economic benefits were highlighted with expected cost savings to communities and service providers. The model could be adapted to a variety of contexts including urban municipalities or remote villages in developing countries.
18
Stokes, Debra Mary. "Indigenous communities sustainable development framework for LNG developments in Northwest B.C." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63268.
Abstract:
The extractives sector has the obligation to contribute to sustainable development in areas where resource exploitation occurs. Fulfilling this expectation is challenging in resource-dependent towns, that are periodically exposed to boom-bust dynamics. In northwest British Columbia, several large Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) terminal projects have been proposed, involving high capital costs and several thousand workers for the construction phase. Indigenous Peoples are often negatively affected by such large developments, as their culture and sustenance is tied to the land and water. Many of these peoples are also unable to benefit from such developments, due to a lack of support mechanisms and the necessary training or education required for good paying jobs. This study investigates how large resource developments can contribute to sustainability in B.C. First Nations communities by finding ways to enhance benefits and minimize impacts from boom-bust dynamics. Two socio-economic surveys were conducted with the Kitsumkalum First Nation, which is one of the Tsimshian Tribes potentially affected by LNG developments. Additionally, 31 interviews were conducted with LNG, mining, government, economic development and First Nations representatives, from which common themes were identified and ranked. Results showed that although high school graduation rates (16% to 34%), university education rates (4.5% to 7.3%), and unemployment rates, (29.2% to 17.2%) have improved for on-reserve Kitsumkalum members between 2006 and 2016, many continue to struggle economically. Education, training and employment (ETE) was collectively ranked by all interviewed sectors as the most important for First Nations to move towards a sustainable future, while all sectors individually ranked ETE as No. 1, except for First Nations, who ranked the removal of social barriers as No. 1 and ETE as No. 2. The need for good governance to roadmap effective changes was ranked No. 2, while the need to remove social barriers was ranked No. 3 by all sectors. In light of these results, a new framework was proposed, which incorporates the need for community characterization, a strategic sustainable development plan, good governance, and improved shared decision making and partnerships, in order to better facilitate sustainable development of Indigenous communities within the context of large-scale resource developments.Applied Science, Faculty of
Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of
Graduate
19
Leibovitch, Randazzo Michael. "Land-Based Food Initiatives in Two Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35714.
Abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to describe the harvesting and dietary practices of two rural and remote Indigenous communities. The ethnographic methods of participant observations and semi-structured interviews availed an abundance of rich and detailed data that allowed for a clear understanding of the barriers these two communities face when accessing food. This is an articled-based thesis containing three parts. Part one is composed of a literature review that describes the barriers that have contributed to food insecurity problems in Indigenous communities. It finishes with a chapter dedicated to defining the postcolonial theoretical perspective and describing how and why it was employed during this research process. The postcolonial perspective was chosen to best understand the historical forces that caused food insecurity in Indigenous communities and justify my position as a non-indigenous researcher in the field of Indigenous health. The second part of the thesis is made up of two articles. Article one will describe the current situation of food access challenges and responses in Canada, more specifically in two rural and remote First Nations communities. The article illustrates how both First Nations are experiencing challenges obtaining healthy food from the market and from the land. The article describes what is involved in acquiring food in both communities, and the responses each community is taking to increase food access. The article concludes by pointing out how these initiatives are building more than just food capacity and why they deserve greater external support. The second article is focused solely in the community of Wapekeka, and is entitled The Cost of Local Food Procurement in One Northern Rural and Remote Indigenous Community. The purpose of the article is to provide a specific example of building local food capacity as strategy to address food insecurity. It documents the costs associated with traditional food procurement and compares these costs against the price of food available in the store. The final component of the thesis is the overall conclusion, highlighting the belief that the findings presented in this thesis will promote and emphasize the importance of land-based food initiatives as a way to foster positive health outcomes for all Indigenous peoples.
20
Briggs, Peter Douglas. "Community development with indigenous communities, facilitating the creation of appropriate environments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ40397.pdf.
21
Chilimampunga, Francis Harvey. "Utilisation of indigenous fruit by rural communities in Mwanza District, Malawi." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53211.
Abstract:
Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Deforestation in Malawi is said to reach 2.3% per annum and negatively affects agricultural production, the backbone of the country's economy. High dependence on indigenous wood for sale as fuelwood or charcoal by rural communities due to poverty largely contributes to this deforestation. Women and children suffer most because they spend more time collecting firewood than men, affecting other activities like child-care and education. The study, aimed at investigating ways to alleviate deforestation by increasing rural people's economic benefits from non-destructive indigenous fruit utilisation, was conducted in Mwanza District from February to June 2001. The district's customary forests which contain a wide variety of wild fruit species are currently deforested due mainly to charcoal production. Five out of 16 villages facing deforestation were randomly chosen by the lottery method. Group, individual and key informant interviews focused on the utilisation of preferred fruit species by communities while participatory resource assessment was used to determine availability and distribution of fruit trees. A market survey to assess fruit trade in the country was conducted in Balaka, Blantyre, Mangochi, Mwanza and Zomba Districts in early June 2001. Twenty-six wild fruit species were found to be utilised by villagers in the study area but Adansonia digitata (Baobab) was the most commonly found near villages and the most preferred fruit by 90% of respondents. Other preferred species were Tamarindus indica (Tamarind), Diospyros kirkii, Flacourtia indica and Vangueria infausta. Most fruit trees except for baobab were found to be of small size classes because of being young stems regenerating while others were shrubs. The poor largely depended on fruit as a meal and for sale. Mainly children and women sold baobab and tamarind within the villages while only men sold fruit at distant markets for more income. Middlemen largely benefited from fruit sales compared to villagers who sold at low prices and lacked marketing information. Fruit rot affected retailers outside the study area. Tree climbing to harvest fruit was mainly done by boys and destructive harvesting methods were associated with commercial use. Large, sweet tasting fruit were mainly chosen by rural communities for subsistence use. Land clearance, mast fruiting, perishability and seasonality of fruit seemed to have affected harvest both for subsistence and for sale. However, 89% of households owned fruit trees in homesteads and agricultural fields, said to be more protected than in communal lands with open access. Preferred wild fruit trees were rarely cut by the communities. Local fruit processing, mainly by women, included porridge and juice making and fruit drying while careful storage enabled baobab fruit to be stored for up to a year. Wild fruit plays an important role in the lives of rural communities mainly the poor. Communities attach value to the preferred fruit species but it is difficult to convince most of them to sell wild fruit unless value is added and price incentives are initiated. Regular marketing information could be provided to rural communities and policy makers should set fruit pricing guidelines to create price incentives. Domestication of the preferred fruit trees should be encouraged for continuous fruit supply. Simple fruit processing technologies for commercial purpose could be initiated for women mostly. Research is needed to determine sustainable harvesting levels of wild fruit and ways for participatory monitoring of the levels and harvesting methods used.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ontbossing in Malawi beloop 2.3% per jaar, wat beteken dat landbouproduksie, die ruggraat van die land se ekonomie, negatief geaffekteer word. Wat grootliks bydra tot hierdie ontbossing is dat die plattelandse gemeenskappe as gevolg van armoede hoogs afhanklik is van inheemse hout wat as brandhout of as houtskool verkoop word. Vroue en kinders ly die meeste omdat hulle meer tyd as mans spandeer om vuurmaakhout bymekaar te maak. Dit affekteer ander aktiwiteite soos kindersorg en opvoeding. Hierdie studie het ten doelom maniere te ondersoek waarvolgens ontbossing verlig kan word deur mense op die platteland se ekonomiese voordele uit die benutting van inheemse vrugte te vermeerder sonder dat daar enige omgewingskade aangebring word. Die studie is uitgevoer in die Mwanza Distrik vanaf Februarie 2001 tot Junie 2001. Die distrik se inheemse bosse wat 'n wye verskeidenheid wilde vrugtespesies bevat, word tans ontbos - hoofsaaklik as gevolg van die produksie van houtskool. Vyf uit die 16 dorpies wat ontbossing in die gesig staar, is op 'n lukrake wyse met die loterymetode gekies. In die onderhoude met groepe, individue, en sleutelinformante is gefokus op die benutting van vrugtespesies wat deur die gemeenskappe verkies word. Hulpbronevaluering is gebruik om die beskikbaarheid en verspreiding van vrugtebome te bepaal. Die gemeenskap is by hierdie evaluering betrek. Marknavorsing om vrugtehandel in die land te evalueer, is vroeg in Junie 2001 in die Balaka, Blantyre, Mangochi, Mwanza en Zomba distrikte gedoen. In die studie is bevind dat die inwoners van die area wat bestudeer is 26 wilde vrugtespesies benut. Adansonia digitata (Baobab/Kremetartboom) is egter die meeste naby die dorpies aangetref, en is deur 90% van die respondente as hulle gunsteling vrug aangedui. Ander gewilde spesies is Tamarindus indica (Tamarinde/Suurdadelboom), Diospyros kirkii, Flacourtia indica en Vangueria infausta. Die meeste vrugtebome, behalwe die baobab, val in die laer klasse wat grootte betref, omdat dit die jong lote is wat regenereer, terwyl ander struike is. Die arm mense is grootliks afhanklik van vrugte as 'n maaltyd en as verkoopsartikels. Hoofsaaklik kinders en vroue verkoop baobab- en tamarindevrugte in die dorpies, terwyl vrugte by verafgeleë markte slegs deur mans vir 'n groter inkomste verkoop word. Die middelman trek grootliks voordeel uit vrugteverkope, in vergelyking met die inwoners van die dorpies wat vrugte teen lae pryse verkoop as gevolg van 'n tekort aan bemarkingsinligting. Kleinhandelaars buite die studie-area is deur vrugteverrotting geaffekteer. Dit is hoofsaaklik seuns wat die bome klim om vrugte te oes, en destruktiewe oesmetodes is met kommersiële gebruik geassosieer. Plattelandse gemeenskappe verkies hoofsaaklik groot, soet vrugte vir bestaansgebruik. Dit wil voorkom of grondopruiming, die vrugvorming van byvoorbeeld akkers (mast fruiting), die bederfbaarheid en seisoensgebondenheid van vrugte, die oes affekteer vir bestaansgebruik sowel as vir verkope. Vrugtebome word egter deur 89% van die huishoudings besit en die bome by hierdie huise en in landbouvelde word beter beskerm as dié in gemeenskaplike lande met vrye toegang. Die gemeenskappe kap selde hulle gunsteling wilde vrugtebome uit. Plaaslike vrugteverwerking, hoofsaaklik deur vroue, sluit in die maak van pap en sap, asook die droog van vrugte, terwyl sorgvuldige bewaring daartoe kan lei dat baobabvrugte vir tot 'n jaar lank gebêre kan word. Wilde vrugte speel 'n belangrike rol in die lewens van plattelandse gemeenskappe, veral vir die armes. Die gemeenskappe heg waarde aan hulle gunstelingvrugtespesies, maar dit is moeilik om die meeste te oortuig om wilde vrugte te verkoop - behalwe as waarde bygevoeg word en prysaansporings ingestel word. Gereelde bemarkingsinligting kan aan plattelandse gemeenskappe voorsien word, en beleidbepalers behoort riglyne vir vrugtepryse daar te stelom prysaansporings te skep. Die mense behoort aangemoedig te word om hulle gunstelingvrugtebome by hulle huise te plant om 'n voortdurende vrugtevoorraad te verseker. Eenvoudige vrugteverwerkingtegnologie kan vir kommersiële doeleindes vir hoofsaaklik vroue ingestel word. Navorsing is nodig om volhoubare oesvlakke van wilde vrugte te bepaal, sowel as maniere vir die deelnemende monitering van hierdie vlakke en die oesmetodes wat gebruik word.
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Koyuncuoglu, Leyla Maria. "Understanding the Health Needs among Indigenous Mayan Communities of Lake Atitlan." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707368/.
Abstract:
Considering the changes the Lake Atitlan, Guatemala region has undergone in the last several years, ODIM (Organization for the Development of the Indigenous Maya) seeks to understand the needs of the San Juan La Laguna and San Pablo La Laguna communities, and to provide competent, culturally-aligned care that is affordable to the Indigenous Maya of this region. Using mixed-methods approaches that incorporate interviews, surveys, graphic anthropology, and evaluation methods, this study investigated (1) the formal and informal health care services (including those offered by ODIM) and how and why they are utilized by local Guatemalans, (2) Guatemalan perceptions and experiences of health, wellbeing, and illness to understand how they might influence health related behavior, and (3) community health care needs and how ODIM can fill those needs. These objectives served to inform key stakeholders of current gaps in healthcare services, provide feedback regarding the ODIM health services and programs, and provide insight into the current health needs in order to ameliorate the burden of disease and illness around Lake Atitlan, Guatemala. This study produced a comprehensive community health profile, and it discusses the current state of health care, explains the local perspectives of health care, and gives direct feedback and recommendations to ODIM's community health programs.
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Hester, Rebecca J. "Embodied politics : health promotion in indigenous Mexican migrant communities in California /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Tao, Teresa Chang-Hung. "Tourism as a Livelihood Strategy in Indigenous Communities: Case Studies from Taiwan." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2900.
Abstract:
Tourism has become an important option for economic development and the cultural survival of aboriginal people, yet the academic work has overlooked an issue of cultural sustainability and the majority of the literature on indigenous tourism is from a non-indigenous perspective. Although the sustainable livelihood framework does not clearly address the cultural part of life, the approach requires that activities, such as tourism, are placed in a broader context so that they can be examined from an indigenous perspective on sustainability. The purpose of this study is to assess the role that tourism is playing in two indigenous communities' livelihood strategies in Taiwan from an indigenous perspective using the sustainable livelihood framework as an organizing framework. The examination of the evolution of livelihood strategies is the main focus of the study.
A review of literature identifies weaknesses in the concepts of sustainable development and sustainable tourism and provides legitimacy for using the sustainable livelihood approach to examine the roles that tourism plays in indigenous people's daily lives. Culture is embedded in daily life and the approach allows the researcher to explore the meanings behind people's daily activities. Also, tourism needs to be placed in a broader context in order to identify whether any linkages exist between it and other sectors of the economy and how tourism can better fit in with exiting livelihood strategies. The research is a collaborative study of two Cou aboriginal communities (i. e. , Shanmei and Chashan) in central Taiwan using qualitative research methods. The sustainable livelihood framework is used as a vehicle for guiding research and analysis. Results indicate that Cou traditional livelihoods and their traditional social structure have been closely linked. The shift of Cou livelihoods from self-sustaining in the past to being linked increasingly to the global economic market system at present comes from a variety of external and internal factors (e. g. , policy, history, politics, macro-economic conditions). The promotion of tourism development and cultural industries by the government in recent years has provided aboriginal people with a new opportunity (tourism) in which they can make use of their culture as an advantage (culture as an attraction) to possibly reverse the inferior position. In addition to being an attraction for economic development, culture has many implications for the way things are done and for the distribution of benefits. In both villages, people employ a wide range of resources and livelihoods strategies to support themselves. Tourism has been incorporated into the livelihoods of both villages in forms of employment (regular and occasional) and various collective and self-owned enterprises (e. g. , restaurants, homestays, café, food stalls, handicraft stores and campsites). Tourism activities have the potential both to complement and to compete with other economic activities in various forms. Conflicts between tourism-related economic activities and other activities may not be obvious in terms of the use of land, water and time. The benefits and costs of each tourism activity experienced by different stakeholder groups (mainly by age and gender) vary, depending on different personal situations. The sustainable livelihoods framework was examined and used to assess the context and forms in which tourism might contribute to sustainable livelihood outcomes. Institutional processes and organizational structures are one main factor determining whether different assets, tangible and intangible, are accumulated or depleted on individual, household, and community scales. The comparison of the two cases revealed that, in the context of capitalist market economy in which people pursue the maximization of individual interests, the following situation is most likely to lead to sustainable outcome (socio-culturally, economically, and environmentally) in the context of indigenous communities. That is tourism enterprises need to be operated through institutions with a communal mechanism and through efficient operation of the communities' organizations based on collective knowledge guided by Cou culture. Sustainable livelihood thinking is useful to the concept of sustainable development because it can be used as an analytical and practical tool for guiding studies of environment and development. It also serves as a means of integrating three modes of thinking: environmental thinking which stresses sustainability, development thinking which stresses production and growth, and livelihood thinking which stresses sustenance for the poor. The approach facilitates examination of the reality of aboriginal people and poor people in rural and remote areas. The approach focuses on the local impacts of change, recognizes the complexity of people's lives, acknowledges that people have different and sometimes complex livelihood strategies and addresses benefits that are defined by the marginalized communities themselves. It acknowledges the dynamism of the factors that influence livelihoods: it recognizes that change occurs and people accommodate, learn from change and plan, adapt and respond to change. It focuses on accommodating traditional knowledge and skills to create conditions for marginalized communities to enhance their well-being. It assists in understanding that traditional knowledge and its innovation provide a basis for the development of coping mechanisms and adaptive strategies to buffer the forces which threaten livelihoods. The sustainable livelihood framework is useful because it places the interests of local people at the centre. Such an approach incorporates tourism as one component of development, particularly for indigenous people, and explores how positive development impacts can be expanded and negative ones can be reduced. However, unless supplemented, the framework may not do justice to the importance of culture and the prominent roles played by key individuals. Keywords: Indigenous people, sustainable livelihoods, culture, sustainability, Taiwan
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Sulem, Evelyn. "Transnational migration in Mexican indigenous communities : an analysis of gender and empowerment." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59470/.
Abstract:
This thesis presents interdisciplinary work on indigenous Mexican migration from a gender perspective. It uses a conceptual framework drawn from Agarwal (1994) and Kabeer (2001) to explore the role of transnational migration in the transformation of gender relations and identities and to enrich our understanding of the link between transnational migration and empowerment. Based on innovative multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in the Mixtec town of Santiago Cacaloxtepec, the Zapotec town of San Bartolomé Quialana; both located in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico; and the state of California, US; this research presents a high resolution comparative analysis of changing gender relations in the communities of origin and diaspora due to indigenous (mainly) male migration. Migration from both communities is transnational, gendered and undocumented; indigenous men are still seen as the natural subjects of migration, especially when this is international, but nowadays indigenous women are also expected to migrate at least while they are single. Longer-term absence of male inhabitants has been understood as a determining factor which progressively re-constructs gender relations, increases female participation in political life and is a catalyst for women's empowerment. However a close scrutiny of the socio-political context of the communities, the dynamics of migration and a desegregation of female respondents by age/generation allows this research to argue that not all women are sharing equally in the shifts in gender relations. Moreover, while transnational migration is found to be both initiating and contributing to processes of women’s empowerment, its significance is differentiated by the location, age, civil status and migrant experiences of women, and it is not the only factor at work. In the diaspora, changes in gender relations have been observed in favour of women, as they take advantage of new opportunities in employment and education and men are obliged to participate in household work. Important processes of empowerment were detected among male and female migrants who have found opportunities that they could not have obtained in their communities of origin. However, their clandestine status still jeopardizes their transformative achievements. Transnational migration has also served as an opportunity to re-construct and question the forms of femininity and masculinity practised in the communities. Femininity has ceased to be represented only through motherhood and marriage, to give way to more active and transformative expressions. Dominant forms of indigenous masculinities have been based on elderly-wisdom power arrangements; however the trajectory of transnational migration is seeing them give way to a masculinity represented by the younger "brave" and experienced migrant.
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Rivera-Salgado, Gaspar. "Migration and political activism : Mexican transnational indigenous communities in a comparative perspective /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Porter, Amanda Jayne. "Decolonising juvenile justice: Aboriginal patrols, safety and the policing of indigenous communities." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12078.
Abstract:
This thesis is about the decolonisation of juvenile justice in New South Wales. It considers how ‘decolonisation’ might be understood, realised and contested in Aboriginal communities in New South Wales. This thesis uses ‘Aboriginal Patrols’—a term which refers collectively to Night Patrols, Streetbeats and other forms of Aboriginal community policing—as a lens through which to critically examine contemporary issues in the policing of Indigenous Australian communities and, more broadly, as a way of exploring some of the complexities involved in thinking and practising the decolonisation of juvenile justice. This thesis consisted of an empirical study of Aboriginal Patrols in NSW from 1980 to present. It documents the development of Aboriginal Patrols, how they are perceived by the community and others, and the associated discourses surrounding them in policy and academic literature.
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Petersson, Jess. "Status and Trends Associated with Indigenous Communities Inland Water and the Development of Relevant International Law." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2512.
Abstract:
This thesis is written at a time when the world faces many challenges. Gross violation of human rights persists, discrimination against and alienation of marginalized groups continues, the gulf between rich and poor yawns ever wider, and the rapid degradation of the environment continues to gain momentum. One area upon which environmental degradation impacts most crucially is water. In terms of vulnerability and scarcity as a commodity, water has come to be called by some 'the new oil'. Already, water has influenced political strategies and been the cause of wars. The aim of this thesis has been, firstly, to identify the status and trends in inland water ecosystems and their immediate dependents, with particular reference to indigenous communities living close to the water source, and hence more directly affected. If the destruction of inland water ecosystems is allowed to continue unchecked, it will inevitably have disastrous universal consequences. The thesis also discusses the protection of indigenous knowledge and innovations, provided by intellectual property and other instruments, and attempts to analyse developments in international law, which have relevance for indigenous peoples in connection with the conservation, management and sustainable use of inland water systems.
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Gruber, Vanessa Simone. "Local environmentalism in a globalized world : a case study of the international environmental discourse and Nahuel Huapi, Argentina." Thesis, Boston University, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27660.
Abstract:
Thesis (B.A.)--Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This paper analyzes the relationship between the global discourse on the environment and the discourse occurring in Nahuel Huapi, Argentina over the 20th century through the year 2007. This paper applies discourse analysis theory as used by Antonio Gramsci and Michel Foucault to the history of environmental discourse on a global, national, and local level. It assesses the institution of language and dialog through personal narrative , metaphor, rhetorical devices, and formal documentation in order to interpret the ways in which global environmental discourse has reached Nahuel Huapi. The primary examples of global discourse used are historical accounts by environmental sociologists , histories of the United Nations' incorporation of environmental discourse , and anthropological accounts of the global indigenous discourse. National linkages are made through studies of international treaties ratified by the Argentine government and laws implemented throughout the state. Local linkages are further made through anthropological assessments of local discourse as well as personal interviews . I analyze the global, national and local discourses in that order with a chronological focus throughout. Existing analyses of environmental institutions and their effectiveness tend to focus on the formal proceedings of international organizations, private citizens , or community actors but most fail to assess the informal mechanisms by which these global institutions can affect action at the local level. By arguing that language and dialog are indeed socialand political institutions, I conclude that through discourse, the international environmental regime has strongly affected local environmental discourse in Nahuel Huapi Argentina through two channels: 1) the National Parks System, which the international regime has impacted mainly through United Nations forums such as conferences and summits on the environment and development. 2) The Mapuche community , which the international regime has impacted mainly through the inclusion of indigenous communities in the international forum and the legitimization that the United Nations provides these communities with regard to environmental stewardship and selfdetermination. The study shows that early in the 20th century, when the Mapuche community and the government of Argentina were isolated from any global discourse , the dialog between them was virtually non-existent. [TRUNCATED]
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Groke, Veronika. "'Es una comunidad libre' : contesting the potential of indigenous communities in southeastern Bolivia." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2549.
Abstract:
The thesis is a study of a Guaraní community (comunidad) situated in the Department of Santa Cruz in the southeastern lowlands of Bolivia. The thesis uses the concept of ‘comunidad’ as a focus of investigation. While this concept is one that is familiar and firmly embedded in contemporary discourses throughout Bolivia, the meanings which different people and interest groups attach to it and the purposes which they ascribe to it are far from unanimous. Apart from the physical and legal entity, comprising a group of people, the land on which they live, and the legal title for its ownership, a comunidad is a multifaceted and multilayered complex of diverging and sometimes competing ideas, desires and agendas. Questioning the concept of ‘comunidad’ in this way opens up new perspectives on what people are doing and why that could easily be overlooked in continuing to assume that we know what we are talking about when talking about a ‘comunidad indígena’ in Bolivia today. The thesis explores the case of Cañón de Segura by eliciting and bringing together the various claims and perspectives that impact on the lives of its inhabitants (comunarios). Starting with a historical overview to situate the comunidad within Bolivian and Guaraní history, the thesis moves into an ethnographic discussion of the comunarios’ own perceptions and meanings of ‘comunidad’, followed by an exploration of various outsiders’ perspectives on the same topic that impact on the comunarios’ lives in different ways. The aim of the thesis is to illustrate the overlap and entanglements between these different positions in order to show how the different perspectives on the meaning and purpose of a Guaraní ‘comunidad’ all contribute to shape the actual realities of people’s lives ‘on the ground’.
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Lara-Morales, Dalia Odeeth. "Ecotourism as a mechanism to achieve sustainable development in indigenous communities of Mexico." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2017. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/701761/.
Abstract:
Sustainability has become vitally important in recent decades, especially in developing countries with high percentages of indigenous peoples and serious problems related to poverty in rural areas. In several countries of Latin America, indigenous communities are valued for their unique features, cultural attractions and diversity of their landscapes, however, these communities do not have many options for their subsistence. Ecotourism can be a reliable source of sustainable economic development in regions with fewer options, given that the nature of the ecotourism product can be founded upon the cultural and ecological capital of indigenous peoples, taking place in biodiverse natural areas, employing vulnerable local groups, engaging with local businesses, and the informal sector. This doctoral thesis critically assessed and examined the potential of ecotourism to support the global sustainable development goals (SDGs) for ecological protection and poverty reduction in indigenous communities of Latin America; with particular reference to two ecotourism projects led by the Hñahñu community of El Alberto, state of Hidalgo in central Mexico. This research project analysed key literature concerning the evolution of sustainable development on planning and policy-making towards the importance of indigenous sustainability. Furthermore, by employing the tourism value chain analysis (TVCA) during the fieldwork research it provides insights in the context of stakeholder engagement and ownership and documented benefits of indigenous peoples informal participation within the ecotourism market. Also, through the TVCA, the impacts of ecotourism strategies on the livelihoods of indigenous peoples are empirically evaluated, and the benefits that these bring to achieve poverty reduction through sustainable development. The research findings suggest that ecotourism represents a viable source of support for the achievement of the global SDGs in regions with few other options, and that a good performance of the TVC can significantly improve ecotourism management and foster sustainable development and poverty reduction within the process, providing as a refreshing counterexample to several well-publicised failures, an account of an indigenous community that has succeeded in its ecotourism projects against all odds. The conclusions relating to the sustainable development of the ecotourism projects in indigenous communities were drawn into a conceptual framework based on key recommendations that can assist the Hñahñu community of el Alberto to overcome constraints among their TVC and strengthen their ecotourism endeavours. The lessons learned from the Hñahñu ecotourism projects can be also used by other indigenous peoples in similar conditions, these include: the weight of community engagement in ecotourism through indigenous inception as a local initiative, transparency and accountability; gender equality, effective marketing; the role of the government; and the right involvement of the private sector.
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Hoy, D. "A load profile study and hybrid power system design for remote indigenous communities." Thesis, Hoy, D. (2016) A load profile study and hybrid power system design for remote indigenous communities. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/36715/.
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Miller, James. "The Continuity of Deep Cultural Patterns: A Case Study of Three Marshallese Communities." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24211.
Abstract:
In the era of Global Climate Change, forced displacement and resettlement will affect coastal communities around the world. Through resettlement, the local production of culturally supportive environments can mitigate culture-loss. While previous vernacular architecture studies suggest that the influence of imported architecture leads to culture change, this study investigates the continuity of generative structures in the production of culturally supportive built-environments, demonstrating resilience. In addition, this study expands the discourse on the dialectic relationship between culture and the environment by investigating the role of Indigenous Design Knowledge in the production of culturally supportive space.
The dissertation investigates the dialectic relationship between Marshallese culture and the built-environment and uncovers the continuity of deep cultural patterns (DCP) in the production of the Marshallese built-environment. These DCPs are forms of local knowledge production that generate culturally supportive environments. The study takes a theoretical position that persistent DCPs are resilient and provide cultural capital.
A multi-sited case study was conducted across rural and urban communities in the Marshall Islands. Historical ethnographies and archaeological studies of the Marshall Islands were examined for cultural patterns present in the built-environment. Interviews, participant observation, site documentation, and a survey were assessed for persistent cultural patterns in the built-environment that supported everyday life. Qualitative analysis uncovered persistent patterns in everyday cultural behavior, such as the cookhouse, and quantitative analysis uncovered spatial and syntactic relationships that demonstrated persistent, underlying cultural structures, such as the shared genotype of urban and rural housing.
While outside influence has impacted the production of the Marshallese built-environment and the Marshallese cultural evolution, I argue that DCPs generate everyday cultural spaces and aid in the reproduction of Marshallese place-identity. DCPs represent Indigenous Knowledge and should be applied to design frameworks for climate forced displacement and resettlement.
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Swaminathan, Divya Rajeswari [Verfasser]. "Agricultural transformation and indigenous communities : A case study of the Soliga Communities in the montane forests, Southern India / Divya Rajeswari Swaminathan." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122193807/34.
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Batal, Malek. "Sociocultural determinants of traditional food intake across indigenous communities in the Yukon and Denendeh." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38184.
Abstract:
Chronic non-communicable diseases related to excessive or unbalanced dietary intakes are on the rise among some Indigenous populations in Canada. Nutritional problems of Indigenous peoples arise in the transition from a traditional diet to a market diet characterised by highly processed foods with reduced nutrient density. This study used food frequency and 24-hour recall questionnaires to quantify traditional food intake in 18 communities in Denendeh (Western Northwest Territories) and the Yukon. These data allowed comparisons between the two regions (Yukon and Denendeh) and the two seasons of data collection (summer and winter, perceived to be the seasons of highest and lowest traditional food intake, respectively). Food choice in general is affected by a multitude of factors determined by individual, societal and environmental influences. In this study, individual, household, and community correlates of traditional food intake were assessed in order to construct a multivariate statistical model to describe the correlates of the quantity and diversity of traditional food intake in the Western Canadian Arctic. The variables used in this study reflected household demography, market food affordability, access to traditional food, individual characteristics such as age and gender, and perceptions about traditional food. The analysis of the associations between the traditional food correlates and traditional food intake in terms of quantity and diversity allowed for the description of the profile of men and women who are high consumers of traditional food in both regions. This study described and used a tool to measure traditional food diversity, which may be an appropriate indicator of the process of dietary change experienced by Indigenous Peoples in Denendeh and the Yukon.
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Isayev, Elena. "Indigenous communities in Lucania : social organization and political forms, fourth to first century BC." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343595.
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Reitsma, Lizette. "Dynamics of respectful design in co-creative and co-reflective encounters with indigenous communities." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2015. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/31613/.
Abstract:
This research focuses on designing with indigenous communities. The use of design raises concerns in this context. Because of the aim to ‘improve’ lives and the emphasis on innovation, design approaches have the probability to colonise. As designers, we have to find ways to deal with such concerns. Approaches that do this within the context of indigenous communities are Sheehan’s respectful design and Tunstall’s culture-based innovation. Both approaches acknowledge that the community should benefit from projects. In this, the role of the designer becomes to spark the resourcefulness of the community members to find such benefit. However, neither approach states in pragmatic terms how such a space can be reached. Therefore, this research aims to: explore the dynamics of a respectful design space in co-creative and co-reflective encounters with indigenous communities; and to provide recommendations to reach such a space. The explorations were performed by introducing co-creative design methods during a case study with three indigenous communities. Some co-creative processes led to respectful design spaces, others did not. All processes were analytically studied by combining annotated portfolios and content analysis in timelines. The aim was to find patterns of dynamics essential for respectful design. The dynamics that arose were: 1) ownership through the type of design participation, 2) indicators of ownership, 3) the type of novel expressions made and 4) the type of material culture introduced. This led to contributions of this research being, firstly, a framework of a respectful design space and recommendations of how to reach such a space. Secondly, the concept of constellations of design initiatives, to understand respectful design in situ. Thirdly, the importance of inclusion of the community’s own material culture to facilitate dialogical spaces, and, finally, the analytical approach used to find the dynamics.
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Dwyer, Anna I. "Understanding police-Indigenous relations in remote and rural Australia: Police perspectives." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/121455/2/Anna_Dwyer_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
This thesis examined police and Indigenous relations in rural and remote contexts in Australia which historically and in contemporary times have often been contentious. Using a grounded theory approach, the police participants of this qualitative research provided insight as to how social factors such as ecological, organizational and occupational culture influenced their responses in discrete Indigenous communities. The findings revealed that ecological factors such as community dynamics and Indigenous culture heavily influenced police in how they responded to situations, more so than the influence of organizational and occupational culture. It found that ecological factors played a large role in shaping policing responses in discrete Indigenous communities.
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Sturtevant, andrew Keith. "Jealous neighbors: Rivalry and alliance among the native communities of Detroit, 1701--1766." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623586.
Abstract:
Between the founding of the French post of Detroit in 1701 and the end of Pontiac's War in 1766, several native American peoples settled in distinct clusters around the French (and later British post) near current-day Detroit, Michigan, and Windsor, Ontario. Focusing on the interactions among these communities, this dissertation makes two interrelated arguments. It first argues that, although these peoples had been challenged and changed by the forces of colonialism during the seventeenth century, they nonetheless emerged from that century as discrete ethnic, social, and political entities, rather than shattered or disintegrated refugees. A set of interconnected, mutually constituting, and consistent relationships between these separate and autonomous peoples, secondly, shaped affairs in the region just as much as the relationship between Europeans and native peoples. That colonial relationship, in fact, was embedded within and reciprocally tied to the web of relationships between native peoples. Only by understanding both exchanges between French and native peoples as well as modes of interaction between different indigenous peoples can scholars make sense of events at Detroit.;To demonstrate both the survival of these native groups as discrete peoples and the consequences of that survival, each of the first four chapters explores one of the salient relationships between native peoples at Detroit, while the final charts how these relationships shaped one event, Pontiac's War. The first chapter charts the way in which the Huron man, Cheanonvouzon, sought to compensate for his peoples' weakness by forming a "southern alliance" with two powerful groups in the region, the Miamis and Five Nations, or Iroquois. The second chapter investigates how the closely related Anishinaabe peoples---the Ottawas, Ojibwas, and Potawatomis---cooperated to meet the challenge posed by the southern alliance. The emergence of these two rival blocs led to conflict between the Hurons and Ottawas in 1738, and the third chapter places that violence within a longer pattern of competition between these peoples. Chapter Four uses a controversy among the Hurons in the 1740s and 1750s to understand the bonds which held that community together. Finally, the fifth chapter demonstrates how all of these patterns shaped one event, the Anglo-Indian conflict frequently called Pontiac's War, and situates that conflict within a local context. as scholars investigate how these relationships mutually constituted not only one another but also the colonial relationship, intercultural relations at Detroit, as well as the rest of the New World, become at once more complicated and more comprehensible.
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Galla, Candace Kaleimamoowahinekapu. "Multimedia Technology and Indigenous Language Revitalization: Practical Educational Tools and Applications Used Within Native Communities." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195833.
Abstract:
This dissertation reports findings from a study documenting the use of multimedia technology among Indigenous language communities to assist language learners, speakers, instructors, and institutions learn about multimedia technologies that have contributed to Indigenous language revitalization, education, documentation, preservation, and maintenance. The overall study used an adapted technacy framework to investigate how Indigenous language advocates holistically understand, skillfully apply and communicate creative and balanced technological solutions that are based on understanding of contextual factors (Seemann & Talbot, 1995). The research presented is based on a survey of individuals who used technology for Indigenous language revitalization purposes, as well as on case studies of students of the American Indian Language Development Institute (AILDI) who enrolled in the technology course, Computer Applications for Indigenous Language Communities. The survey provided an overview of the types of technologies Indigenous communities are using for the revitalization of their language. In the study, case studies were also conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of where, when, why, and how users are implementing these technologies in their home, communities, and schools. Research questions, participants, and data collection were organized and analyzed according to three levels: multimedia technology use among Indigenous language communities, Indigenous language institutes and technology training, and AILDI student case studies.Many Indigenous communities are facing language endangerment and extinction and are looking for ways to preserve, document, revitalize and maintain their languages. One way is the integration of technology. Findings from the study suggest that the language goals of the community need to be determined prior to the incorporation of technology in these efforts. The study also found that regardless of the size of the community, opportunities for using technology in Indigenous language revitalization efforts were shaped by literacy and oral proficiency of the community, as well as linguistic and cultural, social, economic, environmental, and technological factors as expressed in the adapted technacy model. Overall, the study underscored the importance of taking context into consideration in order to make grounded choices about technology as a component of contemporary language revitalization efforts.
41
Occhipinti, Laurie. "Global visions, local voices : economic development and religious organizations in two indigenous communities in Argentina." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0030/NQ64634.pdf.
42
Lardeau, Marie-Pierre. "Diet and infection as predictors of stunting, iron deficiency and anemia in indigenous Panamanian communities." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86719.
Abstract:
This cross sectional study evaluated if coffee, associated with reduced linear growth, anemia and immunomodulation could contribute to childhood stunting and iron deficiency (ID) and anemia in Indigenous Ngöbe Buglé children and mothers. Questionnaires on socio-economic status, health, diet, anthropometry, iron supplement use and coffee consumption and a sample of coffee, venous blood and stool were collected. Our best model suggests that coffee is an independent negative predictor of stunting in children along with having inflammation, higher Ascaris infection, lower meat consumption, being a male and having a shorter mother. Diet, iron supplements and chronic infections explained more than 50% of the variability in hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations of mothers and children, with coffee only negatively affecting mothers. This study will add to the limited knowledge of the impact of coffee consumption on child health, and determine other predictors of stunting, ID and anemia in this vulnerable population.Cette étude transversale a évalué si le café, qui est associé a l'anémie ferriprive, la réduction de la croissance linéaire et l'immunomodulation pourrait contribuer aux retards de croissance chez les enfants, à l'anémie et aux carences en fer des enfants et de leurs mères du groupe autochtone Ngöbe Buglé. Des questionnaires sur niveau socio-économique, la santé, l'anthropométrie, le régime alimentaire, l'utilisation des suppléments de fer et la consommation du café ainsi que des échantillons fécaux, de café, de sang ont été recueillis. Cette étude transversale permettra d'accroître les connaissances sur l'impact de la consommation du café chez les enfants et permettra d'évaluer si cette habitude nuit aux bénéfices des interventions de santé publique mises en place dans la région.
43
Dauterive, Jessica. "The Effects of Chistianization on Identity among the Indigenous Communities of Kongo and Lower Canada." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/35.
Abstract:
Historians have written extensively about the process of Christianization within the Kongo nation, as well as among the Native Americans of Lower Canada. Scholars agree that this process was disparate across the Atlantic World. This paper explores the process within each region through the analysis of two dominant missionary accounts representing each region during the late seventeenth century. These missionary accounts are joined with the stories of Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and Catherine Tegahkouita, two notable indigenous Christians from each region. A comparative analysis of Kongo and Lower Canada reveals that the process of Christianization is highly dependent upon the social and political location of its indigenous converts. This paper argues that the experience of Christianization among indigenous people was neither homogenous across nations nor within them.
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Jiménez, Ramírez Julián, Pérez Lilia Martínez, Almaraz Javier Mendoza, and Lois M. Meyer. "Analysis of the Activities of Children in Initial Education in Indigenous Communities of Oaxaca, Mexico." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/78498.
Abstract:
Este estudio presenta algunos de los resultados de un diplomado en educación Inicial Comunitaria realizado durante el ciclo escolar 2011-2012, con un total de doscientas horas, en el que participaron 35 maestras indígenas de educación Inicial que atienden a niñas y niños de 0 a 3 años de edad en comunidades marginadas de Oaxaca, méxico. Las actividades espontáneas de las niñas y los niños, y las planeadas de las maestras, que fueron analizadas a partir de las fotografías y narraciones de las maestras, forman parte de los portafolios de evidencias escritas y fotográficas que entregaron las participantes como su producto final del diplomado. Las metas deldiplomado eran enriquecer los conocimientos comunales de las par- ticipantes y proveerles las competencias necesarias para investigar y honrar las prácticas comunales, las formas de gobernarse y las perspectivas de las comunidades originarias rurales donde enseñan, para poder generar una educación Inicial auténtica, alternativa y comunal para los niños y niñas desde esta edad temprana.This study provides partial results of a 200-hour intensive training experience (called a diplomado) lasting one school year (2011-2012) for 35 indigenous teachers of Initial education who attend children 0 to 3 years old in marginalized communities of Oaxaca, mexico. Children’s spontaneous activities and those planned by teachers, presented through photographs and accompanying teacher’ narratives, are part of the written and photographic evidence submitted by the participants in their final diplomado portfolio of tasks. the purposes of the diplomado were to enrich teachers’communal knowledge and equip them with research skills to investigate and honor the communal practices, forms of governance, and the perspectives of the rural indigenous communities where they teach, in order to generate an authentic, alternative, community-based approach to initial education for babies and toddlers.
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Machado, Marco. "Effects of the non-indigenous bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum on meiofaunal communities of the Tagus Estuary." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/17521.
Abstract:
A meiofauna é, atualmente, considerada como um grupo de organismos com elevado
potencial para a monitorização de eventuais efeitos ecológicos resultantes de
perturbações naturais e/ou antropogénicas nos ecossistemas aquáticos. A presença do
bivalve não-indígena R. philippinarum no estuário do Tejo apresentou uma
oportunidade para avaliar o uso das comunidades da meiofauna, particularmente os
nematodes, como bioindicadores que permitam avaliar perturbações provocadas pela
presença de uma espécie alóctone.
O principal objetivo desta investigação foi verificar as respostas estruturais e funcionais
das comunidades de meiofauna perante a presença de um bivalve não-indígena. Este
objetivo foi atingido através da comparação de padrões de densidade, diversidade e
composição trófica das comunidades de meiofauna, especialmente os nematodes, em
locais com diferentes abundâncias de R. philippinarum. Todas as análises realizadas
mostraram que a densidade, os padrões de distribuição, diversidade e a composição
trófica das comunidades de nematodes foram estruturados principalmente por fatores
ambientais como o tipo de sedimento e a salinidade e não tanto pelas densidades de R.
philippinarum; Effects of the non-indigenous bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum
on meiofaunal communities of the Tagus estuary.
|ABSTRACT:
Meiofauna are presently regarded as very suitable organisms to monitor potential
ecological effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances in aquatic ecosystems.
The presence of the non-indigenous bivalve R. philippinarum in the Tagus estuary
presented the opportunity to evaluate the ability of meiofauna communities,
specifically nematodes, as indicators to assess disturbances promoted by an
allochthonous species.
This research focused on the benthic meiofauna assemblages response to the presence
of a non-indigenous bivalve. Density, diversity and trophic composition patterns of the
meiofauna communities, particularly nematodes were examined along the estuary
gradient and related to environmental conditions and the occurrence of R.
philippinarum. All the performed analysis showed that nematodes density, distribution
patterns, diversity and trophic composition were mainly structured by distinct
environmental factors like sediment grain size and salinity rather than by R.
philippinarum densities.
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Girado, Marie Bembie. "In Pursuit of Development: Conditional Cash Transfers in Two Remote Indigenous Communities in the Philippines." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26374.
Abstract:
In 2007, the government of the Philippines adopted a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program that provides social assistance to the country’s poorest households with attached conditions that the beneficiaries invest the cash into the health and education of their children, in line with the government’s attempt to break the cycle of intergenerational of poverty. This thesis focuses on the experiences of two remote indigenous people’s communities in the Philippines: the Pala’wan s and Salagsegs as beneficiaries of the CCT program.
The thesis is based on four months of ethnographic case study investigation into the implementation of the program in the Cordillera Administrative Region, particularly in the mountainous province of Kalinga, and three months of investigation in the MIMAROPA (Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan) Region, specifically in the island of Palawan. The ethnographic research was conducted through observations and interviews of local service providers and implementers, who were responsible for program operations, and program beneficiaries from the two indigenous people’s communities, particularly the mothers and children in the households. In addition to the ethnographic research, desk-based research and archival research were done on the history of the cash transfer program in the Philippines and the history of indigenous people’s engagement with the state and market more generally. The findings were juxtaposed with other research undertaken in other parts of the world about the CCTs.
The research discussed the adverse effects on beneficiaries of not incorporating into the program indigenous people’s understandings of health and education, the two areas of disbursements mandated by the program. How program conditions can often hinder the social development of indigenous peoples was also explored as well as how processes of implementation and monitoring bring indigenous people’s households more firmly under the control of the government. The thesis offers an original contribution to the growing field of social protection research, adding to it a much-needed understanding of how historically ingrained cultural biases against indigenous peoples in the Philippines inform a people’s engagement with the state and the market.
47
Hettiarachchi, Dhanushka Sugeeshwara. "Isolation, identification and characterisation of antibacterial compounds from Carissa lancelota R.Br.Root." Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/866.
Abstract:
Carissa lanceolata (conkerberry) is a perennial woody shrub used in traditional medicine by indigenous communities in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland for various medical conditions such as toothache, respiratory infections and the cleaning of sores, which all strongly indicate an antibacterial activity. A literature review revealed that the wood of this plant possesses significant antibacterial activity, which was found to be related to the presence of eudesmane type sesquiterpenes. C. edulis and C. carandus are frequently used in other traditional systems of medicine in different parts of the world, and thus have also been investigated for bioactive compounds and pharmacological properties. Some of these were found to be in line with the main findings of this work. Carissa lanceolata root was shown to exhibit significant antibacterial activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms. A micro-broth dilution assay was performed on 96-well plates using resazurin as an indicator for microbial growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Bioassays carried out in this work showed that crude extracts of root bark and wood, particularly their polar constituents were more active against the four strains of bacteria tested.Chemical investigation of the root bark revealed that it contains a volatile oil, which was isolated by steam distillation as well as solid phase micro extraction. It was found to consist of a single compound, which was identified as 2'-hydroxy acetophenone. The identity of this compound was confirmed by GC/MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the eudesmane-type sesquiterpene, carissone, was isolated from the root bark DCM and root wood hexane extracts. Its chemical identity was confirmed by IR, 1 [superscript] H and 13 [superscript] C NMR spectroscopy. The lignan, carinol, on the other hand, was isolated from the moderately polar fractions of the root wood MeOH extract. The obtained IR and 1 [superscript] H NMR data as well as Rf values all correspond to the literature. Two other yet unidentified compounds were isolated, but further studies into their chemistry and antibacterial activity were not possible in this current study. The antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds was considerable, with 2'-hydroxy acetophenone exhibiting the strongest effect, followed by carinol and then carissone.
48
Perez, Francisco J. "Effects of Land Legalization in the Agrarian Dynamics of the Indigenous Communities of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1125873972.
49
Devine, Guzman Tracy. "How Culture Shapes Rationality: A Study of Mayan and Miskito Communities in Guatemala and Nicaragua." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625901.
50
Green, Deirdre. "Engagement and Innovation in Criminal Justice: Case Studies of Relations between Indigenous Groups and Government Agencies." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366272.
Abstract:
This research aims to draw attention to the way government and Indigenous groups engage in community settings and explores the potential of this sphere of political activity as a source of innovation and reform.
Indigenous people have many good ideas about managing crime and justice in their communities, but what happens to those ideas when they are presented to an agency of the criminal justice system? To investigate the fate of Indigenous ideas and how they might be progressed through western bureaucracies, I conducted four case studies – two in New Zealand and two in the Australian state of Queensland – that represent examples of what occurs when government and Indigenous groups come together to develop a local crime and justice project. This thesis presents an empirical record of the events in each case, a comparative analysis of what occurred and my hypothesis of what might be likely to occur in other similar cases.
I found that Indigenous leaders responded to government projects by challenging the government’s intentions, venting their anger, hijacking the agenda and contesting the projects’ assumptions. My analysis of the policy background to the cases shows that although governments currently favour community ‘capacity building’ strategies, these policies mistakenly assume that Indigenous communities are capacity deficient. Indigenous leaders tend to interpret policies that encourage devolved decision-making arrangements as government support for self-determination, and ‘whole of government’ strategies continue to disappoint because the public sector is unable to coordinate its resources. Instead, successful local projects often depend on the accidental convergence of a good idea, a committed and enthusiastic leadership, some degree of political will and sufficient resources. To maximise these opportunities for reform, bureaucrats need to feel comfortable in the ‘community space’, to learn to operate within the Indigenous domain and be willing to put Indigenous ideas into practice.
The thesis concludes that Indigenous communities are highly capable of developing reform projects and effective forms of governance on Indigenous terms, but government actors are often unsure of how to utilise the expertise of Indigenous people. Effective Indigenous leaders are experts in the history, conditions and aspirations of their communities. They are also experts in the practice of consensus decision-making, can mobilise community support for a good idea and have learned to negotiate with unresponsive and uncoordinated government agencies. When government and Indigenous groups are willing to engage, and each acknowledges the potential contribution of the other, then there is potential for a new way forward in the relationship between government agencies and Indigenous people.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
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