Academic literature on the topic 'Indice de sensibilité à la désertification'
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Journal articles on the topic "Indice de sensibilité à la désertification":
Salamani, Mostefa, Halima Kadi-Hanifi, Aziz Hirche, and Dalila Nedjraoui. "Évaluation de la sensibilité à la désertification en Algérie." Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) 68, no. 1 (2013): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/revec.2013.1677.
Hardy, René. "Les conceptions prénuptiales à Trois-Rivières comme indice de fidélité religieuse,1850-1945." Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 54, no. 4 (February 11, 2008): 531–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/005462ar.
Dias, Vivian Cristina, and Bianca Carvalho Vieira. "Parâmetros morfométricos e corridas de detritos: índice de suscetibilidade e magnitude de bacias hidrográficas na Serra do Mar." GEOUSP Espaço e Tempo (Online) 26, no. 2 (September 22, 2022): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2179-0892.geousp.2022.191937.
Gayraud, Frédérique, Harriet Jisa, and Anne Viguie. "Utilisation des outils cohésifs comme indice de sensibilité au registre : une étude développementale." Acquisition et interaction en langue étrangère, no. 14 (March 2, 2001): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/aile.1474.
Poiraudeau, S., MT Duruöz, J. Fermanian, and M. Revel. "Sensibilité au changement d'un indice de handicap et d'incapacité fonctionnels adapté à la main rhumatoïde." Annales de Réadaptation et de Médecine Physique 40, no. 6 (January 1997): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-6054(97)85381-0.
Joyal, Gabriel, and Antoine Morissette. "Évolution côtière micro-échelle et mise au point d’un Indice de sensibilité géomorphologique des plages (ISGP)." Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 19, no. 3 (November 10, 2013): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.10338.
Caron, Philippe, and Wendy Ayres-Bennett. "La norme et la prescription linguistique en France 1550-1720 L’exemple des remarqueurs." Histoire Epistémologie Langage 41, no. 2 (2019): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/hel/2019021.
Pampalon, R., D. Hamel, P. Gamache, A. Simpson, and MD Philibert. "Valider un indice de défavorisation en santé publique : un exercice complexe, illustré par l'indice québécois." Maladies chroniques et blessures au Canada 34, no. 1 (February 2014): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.34.1.03f.
Amharref, Mina, Saadia Aassine, Abdes Samed Bernoussi, and Ben Younes Haddouchi. "Cartographie de la vulnérabilité à la pollution des eaux souterraines : Application à la plaine du Gharb (Maroc)." Revue des sciences de l'eau 20, no. 2 (May 16, 2007): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015812ar.
Kastendeuch, Pierre, Naïs Massing, Elsa Schott, Nathalia Philipps, and Karen Lecomte. "Vulnérabilité et îlot de chaleur urbain : les facteurs du risque thermique nocturne à Strasbourg." Climatologie 20 (2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/climat/202320009.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Indice de sensibilité à la désertification":
Kone, Alassane. "Modelling and Decision Support for a Desertification Issue Using Cellular Automata Approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Guyane, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023YANE0001.
Desertification, as a significant challenge impacting life on Earth, has extensive consequences that degrade human life quality, daily activities, and livelihoods. In response, international organizations have implemented actions to slow or stop its progress and reduce its impacts. This thesis focuses on combating desertification by modelling the process of land degradation leading to desertification. Two models are developed: the first combines continuous Cellular Automata and the MEDALUS assessment, evaluating desertification based on soil, vegetation, climate, and management. The second model simulates land degradation using cellular automata approach, enriched with anthropogenic factors like land use practices, exploitability factor and ownership, forming the Enhanced Model of Desertification. This model serves as the basis for DESERTIfication Cellular Automata Software (DESERTICAS), simulating spatio- temporal land degradation evolution. DESERTICAS facilitates scenario exploration by simulating land degradation progression over time and space. The models incorporate dynamic processes into the MEDALUS model, expanding classical Cellular Automata to continuous states. Identifying a predominant factor influencing desertification, management emerges as crucial, affecting other factors indirectly. Positive management actions can interrupt degradation sources, slowing or halting land degradation. The thesis also applies control theory to the Cellular Automata model, aiming to influence the predominant factor using Genetic Algorithms. By integrating land protection actions into desertification simulations, the DESERTICAS software becomes a decision support tool
Beaulieu, Lucie. "Analyse de sensibilité d'un indice de risque de perte de phosphore en zone cultivée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22790/22790.pdf.
San, Emeterio Cabañes José Luis. "Désertification ou reverdissement ? Etude multiscalaire de l'évolution du couvert végétal en Afrique Sahélienne à partir de données de télédétection." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC079.
The Sahel region has become the archetype of desertification and land degradation since the important droughts that took place during the 70s and 80s. However, the rainfall recovery since the middle of the 90s and the re-greening trend observed from remoting sensed vegetation indexes has challenged the view of an advancing desertification in the Sahel. Nevertheless, the relation between these indexes and land degradation is very complex and the conclusions made are sometimes contradictory. In fact, the high climate variability and the important landscape mutations, due to demographic growth, make of land degradation assessment a difficult task in this region. The strong interdependency between temporal and spatial scales of land degradation, led to carry out a multi-scalar analysis to understand; what is the actual situation of the Sahel concerning land degradation, and what is the most effective way to assess this phenomenon at a regional scale. This analysis has been done for the entire Sahel region during the period 1982-2011using the NDVI GIMMS-3g vegetation index and rainfall products. It has been later transposed to south-west Niger using the NDVI MODIS index and aerial and satellite photographs of the last decades
Petitcolin, Marie-Anne. "Vieillissement artériel et sensibilité au calcium de la contraction : couplage entre récepteurs [alpha]1-adrénergiques et protéines G[indice i/o]." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN12012.
Jacques, Julien. "Contributions à l'analyse de sensibilité et à l'analyse discriminante généralisée." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011169.
L'analyse de sensibilité globale d'un modèle mathématique étudie comment les variables de sortie de ce dernier réagissent à des perturbations de ses entrées. Les méthodes basées sur l'étude de la variance quantifient les parts de variance de la réponse du modèle dues à chaque variable d'entrée et chaque sous-ensemble de variables d'entrée. Le premier problème abordé est l'impact d'une incertitude de modèle sur les résultats d'une analyse de sensibilité. Deux formes particulières d'incertitude sont étudiées : celle due à une mutation du modèle de référence, et celle due à l'utilisation d'un modèle simplifié à la place du modèle de référence. Un second problème relatif à l'analyse de sensibilité a été étudié au cours de cette thèse, celui des modèles à entrées corrélées. En effet, les indices de sensibilité classiques n'ayant pas de signification (d'un point de vue interprétation) en présence de corrélation des entrées, nous proposons une approche multidimensionnelle consistant à exprimer la sensibilité de la sortie du modèle à des groupes de variables corrélées. Des applications dans le domaine de l'ingénierie nucléaire illustrent ces travaux.
L'analyse discriminante généralisée consiste à classer les individus d'un échantillon test en groupes, en utilisant l'information contenue dans un échantillon d'apprentissage, lorsque ces deux échantillons ne sont pas issus d'une même population. Ce travail étend les méthodes existantes dans un cadre gaussien au cas des données binaires. Une application en santé publique illustre l'utilité des modèles de discrimination généralisée ainsi définis.
Al-Rajeh, Mohammad Rasoul. "Evaluation de la sensibilité des mesures accélérométriques comme indice de performance locomotrice : évaluation thérapeutique de la pathologie coxarthrosique par arthroplastie et par différent voies d'abord." Rouen, 2013. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00918921.
Walking is the most convenient way to travel short distances. Free joint mobility and appropriate muscle force increase walking efficiency. Coxarthroses is a noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. The treatment of hip arthrosis is especially for decreasing the pain by medication, physics therapies and in the case of advanced coxarthrosis, total hip arthroplasty is used. Thus, we have tried in this research to evaluated a recent technology, the accelerometer, fixed to the sacral vertebrate, in the study we have compared the results of our apparatus with these of others (Vicon and locometer). As we have compared the results of the locometer by using tow surgical approaches, the first is anatomical MI and the other is traditional and we have find that the recovery is better by using the anatomical approach
Also, Alio Ramatou. "Influence de la densité mammaire, du traitement hormonal substitutif et de l'indice de masse corporelle sur la sensibilité et la spécificité de la mammographie de dépistage : Programme Québécois de Dépistage du Cancer du Sein (PQDCS) 2000-2005." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28624/28624.pdf.
Chastaing, Gaëlle. "Indices de Sobol généralisés par variables dépendantes." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM046.
A mathematical model aims at characterizing a complex system or process that is too expensive to experiment. However, in this model, often strongly non linear, input parameters can be affected by a large uncertainty including errors of measurement of lack of information. Global sensitivity analysis is a stochastic approach whose objective is to identify and to rank the input variables that drive the uncertainty of the model output. Through this analysis, it is then possible to reduce the model dimension and the variation in the output of the model. To reach this objective, the Sobol indices are commonly used. Based on the functional ANOVA decomposition of the output, also called Hoeffding decomposition, they stand on the assumption that the incomes are independent. Our contribution is on the extension of Sobol indices for models with non independent inputs. In one hand, we propose a generalized functional decomposition, where its components is subject to specific orthogonal constraints. This decomposition leads to the definition of generalized sensitivity indices able to quantify the dependent inputs' contribution to the model variability. On the other hand, we propose two numerical methods to estimate these constructed indices. The first one is well-fitted to models with independent pairs of dependent input variables. The method is performed by solving linear system involving suitable projection operators. The second method can be applied to more general models. It relies on the recursive construction of functional systems satisfying the orthogonality properties of summands of the generalized decomposition. In parallel, we illustrate the two methods on numerical examples to test the efficiency of the techniques
Causse, Mathieu. "Contributions à l'extension de la méthode des Sparse Grids pour les calculs de fiabilité en modélisation de processus." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30336.
The aim of this thesis is to show the efficiency of Sparse Grid approximation method applied to high dimensional real-life problems. For that kind of problems main parameters detection is fundamental. First we introduce Sparse Grid approximation method and emphasize its adaptive form. Then we show the efficiency of the method on standard test functions to show Sparse Grid specificities in main parameters detection. Due to excellent performance properties of the method, we apply it to a real-life problem and obtain accurate results with a reduced computation cost. The first application is dedicated to a pollutant diffusion problem, the second one aims to evaluate the performance of a power network
Andrianandraina. "Approche d'éco-conception basée sur la combinaison de l'analyse de cycle de vie et de l'analyse de sensibilité : Cas d'application sur le cycle de vie du matériau d'isolation thermique biosourcé, le béton de chanvre." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDN0005.
The purpose of this PhD thesis is to establish an ecodesign method based on Life Cycle Assessment, that should allow identifying action levers specific for each economic actor of the life cycle of a product, for improved environmental performances. Life Cycle Assessment was coupled with two methods of sensitivity analysis in five steps: (i) definition of objectives and system, (ii) modeling calculation of inventory and impact indicators with different approaches according to foreground and background sub-systems, (iii) characterization of parameters using a typology specific to possibilities of control of the considered economic actor, (iv) application of two sensitivity analysis methods (Morris and Sobol) and (v) results interpretation in order to identify potential efficient improvements. The approach was applied on the hemp concrete insulation product, including agricultural production, industrial transformation of hemp fibers, and use of hemp concrete as a thermal insulator for buildings. The approach provides potential technological scenarios improving environmental performances for each single economic actor of the product’s life cycle. Performing the method presently requires additional information, but will probably be paid back in the future by driving more robust choices for a given product