Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Indice de protection solaire'
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Lorquin, Faustine. "Développement de préparations solaires éco-participatives et de nouvelle génération : utilisation de la lignine comme booster de SPF et production d'une mélanine de substitution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/201215_LORQUIN_365ob597het970zyydtn580hoga_TH.pdf.
Full textThis work on the improvement of solar protection according to an eco-participatory concept proposes 2 parts, (i) the elaboration of a simple formulation, (ii) the synthesis of substitute melanin. The formulation contains only 8 ingredients, including 2 organic filters selected on their photostability, physicochemical characteristics, and absence of impact (health, ecosystems), BEMT and DHHB. Total protection is achieved by the addition of lignosulfonate (LiS), a widely available, non-toxic, anti-free radical, and a water-soluble polymer. Experimental design allowed to minimize the concentrations, resulting in 2 stable formula, SPF30 and SPF50, containing 9 and 12% filters respectively, and 5% LiS each. From the observed booster effect, hypotheses on LiS-filter interactions were proposed. The second part concerns the production of pyomelanin. While the quantities produced by the microorganisms remain low, 3 processes are compared: autooxidation of HGA-Mn2+ (yield 0.317 g/g substrate), an induced culture of Halomonas titanicae (0.55 g/L), and a method based on a laccase polymerization (PyoENZ, 1.25 g/g). The 3 structures had been characterized by 13C NMR (CP-MAS) and FTIR, a partial biological decarboxylation reaction was occurred and led to the formation of gentisic alcohol and gentisaldehyde which are incorporated in the polymer. PyoENZ is hyperthermostable, non-(photo)cytotoxic, traps ROS, effectively reduces Fe3+, and is proposed for applications
Nocera, Thérèse. "Urticaire solaire : un nouveau modèle de détermination du coefficient de protection solaire." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11032.
Full textRoman, Carine. "La protection solaire : les actifs et leurs formulations." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22534.
Full textDodane, Marie Elisabeth. "La protection solaire et les produits de bronzage." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA3341.
Full textPFEIFFER, JOSIANE. "Protection solaire et variations de la couche d'ozone." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15029.
Full textKirilov, Plamen. "Energie solaire : nouveaux complexes polypyridiniques de ruthénium à longues chaînes ; protection solaire : élaboration de gélosomes pour applications cosmétiques." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30007.
Full textIn the first part of this thesis, the synthesis, the photophysical and photochemical properties of long chain hydrophobic bipyridines are presented. These molecules were used as ligand to synthesize hydrophobic complexes of ruthenium as dye-sensitizers for the development of water resistant solar cells. The photophysical behaviour of these ruthenium (II) complexes with long chain aminoalkyls is discussed and compared with other ruthenium complexes already used as dye-sensitizers. In the second part, we have developed microspheres of organogel named “gelosomes”. This work was carried out in collaboration with laboratories of “Pierre FABRE dermo-cosmétique”. These gelled particles comprise an oil that has a cosmetic interest and a low molecular weight organic gelator. This gelator is the acid 12-hydroxystearic (HSA) and the main oils used for elaboration of the gelosomes were emollient oils. An important physical property of an organogel is the sol-gel phase transition corresponding to a temperature below which there is a transformation from a liquid to a gel. The elaboration of the gelosomes is based on this phase transition induced by small amount of HSA dissolved in oil. The gelled microspheres of oil were obtained by water emulsification, with a surfactant or a polymer, above the sol-gel transition temperature and cooling the oil droplets at room temperature. This process leads to a stable dispersion of gelosomes. The size of the particles, the rheological behaviour of the dispersions and their stability were investigated depending on the amount of HSA, polymer and surfactant. Finally, a dispersion of gelosomes corresponding to a gelled sunscreen oil was investigated as a new cosmetic ingredient for elaboration of sunscreen formulations
Lecureux, Marie. "Modélisation électromagnétique pour le filtrage UV appliquée à la protection solaire." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDM0009/document.
Full textSunscreens, an emulsion of several phases, are used as UV filters in order to protect people from sun damages. Filters can be divided in two types: the chemical ones which are organic molecules that absorb selectively ultraviolet light and the physical ones (such as TiO2) which are inorganic particles that scatter and may absorb some of the UV radiation. The sunscreen quality is given by the sun protection factor (SPF), measured in vivo. In order to avoid long and complicated tests, a quick and simple in vitro method, using a plastic substrate, has been established, which gives an approximation of the SPF. In order to model the sunscreen protection, we had to evaluate the sunscreen distribution. We used an OCT (for Optical Coherence Tomography) device, after having spread a metallic thin on the substrate before applying the sunscreen. Theses images helped us to model the cream transmission on the skin or the plastic substrate, using the differential method which can calculate the scattering of light through a 2D structure.We then compared our results to measurements, but also studied the impact of several particles specifications, such as the size or the material of the particle, or study the effect of the skin hydration on the UV protection.Furthermore, we have compared our results to other calculation methods (Mie scattering or scattering by a set of parallel cylinders) in order to improve the calculation time and try a 3D-method
Tran, Van Ly. "Modèles stochastiques des processus de rayonnement solaire." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994598.
Full textAucoin, Corinne. "Contribution à la mise au point d'un protocole d'expérimentation in vivo de la résistance à l'eau des produits solaires." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P033.
Full textEl, Boury Alami Soumia. "Détermination par méthode in vitro de l'efficacité de produits solaires formulés avec des filtres inorganiques et/ou organiques." Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=4301f698-ec02-41e5-91c2-4e470b44b1d0.
Full textFollowing the work initiated in the Laboratory of industrial Pharmacy and Cosmetology, we tried to increase our knowledge on the efficacy of different filters organic and inorganic used in suncare products. First of all we studied the efficacy of the filters in the UVA range. Depending on the molecules used we observed a range of results in terms of efficacy. The less efficient is the benzophenone¬3. The best UVA filter which has a wide spectrum is the anisotriazine. In terms of photostability, we will distinguish 2 categories of sun filters: the ones which are loosing more than 10% of their efficacy after 2 hours irradiation (it is the case for the majority of the filters studied) and the ones which are stable even if after 2 hours irradiation. This last category groups the benzophenone 3 and 5, the triazine sold under the name Tinosorb® S and the bismidazylate. The pros of those sun filters, which are efficient or not depending on the molecule, is their photostabilty. In fact, they will be the first choice to formulate sunscreens with. Knowing that a suncare product is a combination of different filters organic and inorganic, we decided to test their association against the photoprotection obtained. Associations between organic and inorganic filters, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, have been done. The best synergy is obtained when organic sun filters are combined with zinc oxide. Regarding those results, zinc oxide is easier to combine than titanium dioxide with other filters. However, the combinations with titanium dioxide result in higher photoprotection. The best combination is with the anisotriazine, as the SPF obtained is higher than 50
Ghazi, Sara. "Détermination par méthode in vitro de l'efficacité de différents systèmes photoprotecteurs (vêtements, verres, produits solaires)." Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=6a98dc20-eb05-4f9b-b296-1a1ef63d6d78.
Full textAs the increase of photo induced skin cancers is a Public Health issue, it seemed important to review the efficacy of the different available photoprotective systems. Clothes constitute the simplest and the oldest mean of sun protection. However, the question of the photoprotection level arises. What is the photoprotective level of an adult wardrobe? Of a child one? How is a child protected during holidays, when he/she plays an outdoor sport, knowing that the solar exposure time will be several hours? We would Iike to answer these questions by measuring the photoprotective efficacy of clothes, using an in vitro method. , The in vivo process currently employed seems for us unethical. The method consists in irradiating the samples, then determining the percentage of transmitted radiation. It allows calculating an indicator of efficacy: the UV -Protection Factor (or UV-PF). UPF values obtained vary according to the type, color and thickness of the fabric. The inter est of superposition has been clearly demonstrated. The influence of washing on the level of photoprotection was assessed. The addition of UV filters in washing Iiquids does not seem relevant, meaning that the increase of the photoprotection measured with more UV filters is not higher than the data obtained when a cotton T-shirt is shrinked by washing. The environ mental impact of a massive use of those actives in detergents would be certainly considerable, but would not be associated with any additional benefits to humans. The study of glasses has also demonstrated that a broad photoprotective effect requires the association of different factors: an appropriate glass type, color and adequate thickness. The con cern of dermatologists is to recommend to their patients, particularly to young people, the best sunscreen, so we have sought to define what an "appropriate" sunscreen is. First of aIl, this is a cream where the value of determined SPF (Sun Protection Factor) is in adequacy with the value of claimed SPF. It turns out that ail branded creams do not meet this condition. Lndeed, we have demonstrated that bio-creams, containing only inorganic filters (Ti02 and/or ZnO), cannot achieve high levels of protection. Thus, an appropriate cream will be formulated with a mixture of organic and inorganic filters, covering the widest range of UV spectrum, and it will not contain ingredients such as alcohol. This work enabled us to quantify the efficacy of different photoprotective systems, which are complementary and must be used, as often as possible, together
Guise, Anne-Emmanuelle. "Incorporation d'un filtre solaire dans les microsphères et essais de libération "in vitro" à partir d'une forme dermique." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P218.
Full textBats, Isabelle. "Les produits solaires ou comment bronzer sans risque ?" Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P061.
Full textChoquenet, Benjamin. "Mise en place de protocoles in vitro pour la détermination de l'efficacité de produits solaires : valorisation de molécules d'intérêt." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=e2789748-bd8c-4bcc-89d9-52cb0db0330b.
Full textThe in vivo methods used for the efficacy determination of sun products may cause various problems: they are not easy to realized, expensive, non-ethical. My experimental work consisted in developing in vitro protocols to determine the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and the Protection Factor UVA (PF-UVA) of sun products, in order to replace the existing in vivo protocols. Thus, two methods have been developed: at first, a technique allowing to determine the efficacy of sun products in two galenic forms, sticks and powders; then, a protocol which permit to measure the water resistance of sun products. Furthermore, highly protective products were realized. They could be used as in vitro or in vivo standards. Then, the anti-solar efficacy of different natural extracts and molecules was determined. Some flavonoids, combined to inorganic filters, had enabled us to formulate emulsions presenting high protective factors throughout the UV spectrum. These molecules might replace the most questionable UV filters
Magnin, Christelle. "L'érythème solaire et les préparations après-soleil." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1P063.
Full textDiabaté, Lamissa. "Détermination du rayonnement solaire à l'aide d'images satellitaires." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1989. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00956223.
Full textLemaitre-Aghazarian, Virginie. "Contribution à l'optimisation d'une formulation galénique solaire : absorption des photoprotecteurs et critères sensoriels." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX22951.pdf.
Full textLaurent, Anne. "Etude "in vitro" de la rémanence de produits solaires." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P235.
Full textNocito, Christophe. "Développement d’un textile intégrant des cellules photovoltaïques pour application de protection solaire store enroulable." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10195/document.
Full textDeveloping new materials to make positive energy buildings is an important issue. Solutions currently in existence are either energy saving or energy production. We are proposing a photovoltaic awning which has both functions: decreasing the energy consumption and producing the electricity.This new product can be used as an off-grid system (RV-awning, marine) for nomad use or as an on-grid systems (residential). Such application development needs the photovoltaic technology thin, light, flexible and as efficient as possible. The storage space around the cylindrical roll allows improving the architectural integration and minimal size.In order to realize this novel product, the bonding of photovoltaic cells to the textile structure (lamination) is necessary. This part of the project has been realized with a new roll-to-roll process different from the conventional one.Prototypes have been made in order to acquire knowledge and experience related to difficulties that may occur at the next step of the realization. Moreover, various tests have been done to compare other technologies to the photovoltaic awning
Lescloupé, Pascal. "L'influence du rayonnement solaire sur l'organisme : conseils en photoprotection." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P086.
Full textVerdier-Gorcias, David. "Stockage thermique de protection à chaleur latente intégré à un récepteur solaire à air pressurisé." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0003/document.
Full textThe thesis deals with the problem of thermal inertia and life time of the solar receiver of a Concentrated Solar Power tower plant. A specific attention is paid to the situation of HSGT (Hybridized Solar Gas Turbine) systems using pressurized air as HTF (Heat Transfer Fluid). The intermittence of solar radiation, mainly resulting from cloudy events, causes important temperature fluctuations that contribute to the premature aging. Therefore, a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is developed for the protection of the receiver. The design focuses on the high temperature section of the receiver. As a consequence of the elevation of temperature in this stage, the expected temperature of the receiver ranges between 600°C and 800°C. Once the receiver is no longer irradiated, the temperature of the outlet air of the receiver, which is 750°C at designed point, decreases below 400°C in less than 15 minutes. The objective is to integrate the TES into the solar receiver to maintain this air temperature higher than 600°C after 15 minutes of discharge. A low capacity TES is targeted. Besides, the storage should enhance the lifetime of the receiver during the operation, by avoiding temperature drops. A test bench is designed based on a technology using both Phase Change Material (PCM) and metallic fins in order to enhance charge and discharge power of the storage unit. The selected metal is copper, because of its great thermal conductivity. The thermal storage medium must operate in the range 600°C – 800°C. The lithium carbonate has been selected mainly because of its phase change temperature, 723°C. A numerical model is developed in order to help the design of the test bench and compare experimental results. The conclusions lead to one-scale design of the thermal storage integrated to the solar receiver
Ben, Reddad Khalid. "Absorption percutanée et métabolisme de filtres solaires." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA11XXXX.
Full textLaforgue, Muriel. "Méfaits du soleil sur la peau : prévention par la photoprotection." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P022.
Full textCliche, Dominic. "La protection contre l'apoptose par la mimosine rôle de la protéine p21 [indice supérieur Waf1/Cip1]." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3258.
Full textBraun, Sebastien. "Effets du soleil sur la peau : les filtres solaires." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA114203.
Full textHabrant, Damien. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux antioxydants, dérivés mono-aromatiques d’acides pulviniques, pour des applications en dermo-cosmétique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/HABRANT_Damien_2008.pdf.
Full textThis thesis has been devoted to the synthesis of new pulvinic acid derivatives and their antioxydant properties, with the aim to develop new compounds to be incorporated in cosmetic creams. These new compounds are so-called mono-aromatic pulvinic acid derivatives, bearing only one aromatic ring, either on the “south” side (type I products), or on the “north” side (type II products). New synthetic routes have been developed and applied for the preparation of 45 new derivatives. Their antioxidant properties have been evaluated and compared to classical pulvinic acids. Protection of thymidine and plasmidic DNA showed that type I compounds were as active as classical pulvinic acids, contrarily to type II products, which are non-active. Complementary tests have shown the crucial role of the functional group on the exo-cyclic double bond
Potard, Gwénaëlle Marie-Pierre. "Etude de l'absorption et de la repartition cutanee de filtres solaires in vitro/in vivo, apres application topique sur peau humaine : approche par la methode des strippings (doctorat : pharmacologie experimentale et clinique)." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA114810.
Full textCheignon, Clotilde. "Les produits solaires : des pistes pour améliorer leur efficacité : mise au point de méthodes in vitro d'évaluation - criblage de molécules d'intérêt." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=1fb33925-ca89-48e4-994f-1c99a50c8c01.
Full textAfter bibliographic reminders on skin physiology and the active ingredients used in sunscreen products, we focused on developing methods for evaluating the water resistance. We wanted to demonstrate that it is possible to use another type of equipment that usually recommended for such studies. To assist the formulator in the different steps of the development of sunscreens, tedious job, we have developed a quick process to qualify the product in terms of water resistance. In vitro method for water resistance is indeed quite long, at least 40 minutes of immersion are required, with two successive baths separated by drying stages. Our job was to shorten the duration of this manipulation. It was found that a non water resistant product is rapidly losing its effectiveness (from 5 minutes of immersion) which is very telling. Finally, we evaluated a number of molecules of interest to increase the water resistance of sunscreens, but also to increase their activity in terms of filtration in the UVB and / or UVA. To do this, we used the plant world
Rey, Jérôme. "Synthèse et physico-chimie de nouveaux types de photoprotecteurs." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30093.
Full textSynthesis and physical chemistry studies of the new types of photoprotectors-There are three families of triazines which are used on different domains of applications: agriculture, pharmacy, aeronautics Among these compounds, there is the 1,2,4-triazines which are used in the field of the agriculture and for their pharmaceutical properties but few in the field of the cosmetic. Studies physical chemistry show that these molecules present spectral properties close to cutaneous photoprotectors, absorbing in the UV (UVA and UVB). Nowadays, the photoprotectors show themselves unstable, to see toxic long-term or too specific. New molecules from 1,2,4-triazines were synthetized by several ways of synthesis. Them studies physical chemistry show that they cover a wide spectral domain, that they are photostable and present a good indication of photoprotection and which cross only few the cutaneous barrier. These compounds turns out to be of good useful cutaneous photoprotectors in beauty care
Saraka, Joseph Kouassi. "Étude typologique du captage solaire de l'habitat en régions tropicales humides." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0059.
Full textThomas, Valérie. "La photoprotection : arsenal actuel, essais cliniques, législation." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10066.
Full textLemaitre-Aghazarian, Virginie. "Etude "in vitro" sur cellules de diffusion du passage transdermique et/ou transmembranaire des filtres solaires et rétinoi͏̈des." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22534.
Full textAlbo, Nathalie. "Soleil, peau, bronzage et photoprotection." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P023.
Full textHuong, Srei Pisei. "Etude de la photostabilité et de l'absorption cutanée des filtres solaires." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22955.
Full textThe sunscreen product belongs to the arsenal necessary for an essential protection against the harmful effect of UV radiations. Although their essential character, the potential risks exist: a photoinstability of the filters, with the possible presence of the breakdown products (photodegradation product), an irregularity thickness of protective film applied inducing a decreased protection, a passage of the cutaneous barrier by the filters or their breakdown products, a misuse of the product by the consumer. The photoisomerization of two sun filter ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate (OMC) and butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM or DBM) were studied under various conditions, (i) by irradiating diluted solutions using various solvents, (ii) by irradiating thin layers of concentrated solutions in non-volatile solvents, and (iii) by irradiating thinly applied commercial sunscreen products. The spectroscopic characteristics of the Z isomer were determined, along with its response factor in HPLC analysis. The ratio of the two isomers E and Z was measured under each condition of irradiation. The incidence of photoisomerization in the sun protection factor (SPF) was evaluated on the basis of calculations deduced from the concept of irregular film developed by O’Neill. The decrease in SPF, which can exceed 30%, is primarily dependent upon the rate of isomerization of OMC but also on the composition of sunscreen products. As isomerization of OMC is rapid and its rate unpredictable, it is in theory impossible to obtain good correlation between measurements of SPF in vivo and those in vitro, if measurements in vitro are not preceded by the process of irradiation precipitating isomerization of OMC. The behaviour of DBM clearly showed that its sensitivity to light is dependent on experimental conditions. DBM is stable in a polar solvent such as alcohol, whereas in a non-polar solvent (Hexane), DBM is undergoing a reversible displacement of tautomeric equilibrium. This unexpected phenomenon is inhibited by a very small modification of polarity. The photodegradation products were detected using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometer (LC/MS), to detect their molecular masses and thus obtain a broad idea of their identity. The incidence of photodegradation on the SPF value was measured. The studies of photoreactivity of the sun filters OMC and DBM has been published in an international journal. The in vitro transdermal penetration study of the UV filters and their breakdown products will be carried out on the skin of the pig’s ear installed on diffusion cell. The results show that the cutaneous absorption of the two filters is very low
Jourdan, Eric. "Mécanismes de protection cellulaire endogène et exogène suite à l'irradiation ultraviolette." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE18005.
Full textWe studied two important photoprotection mechanisms, endogenous zinc dependant photoprotection and exogenous photoprotection ensured by sunscreens. Firstly our work demonstrates the protective role of zinc treatment against oxidative stress in HeLa cells. We showed that metallothioneins were strongly expressed in zinc treated cells. Then a great protection against DNA oxidative damages and cell death was observed. The induction of metallothioneins, i. E. Small cystein rich proteins, seems to represent the main way for zinc to afford protection against oxidative cellular damages. Secondly we demonstrated the protective role of zinc on keratinocytes exposed to solar light. The genoprotection afforded by zinc treatment was inductible and correlated to the time of zinc treatment. The nuclear redistribution of MTs indicates the important role of these proteins in the protection of the genome after a solar irradiation. We showed that only Zn-metallothioneins could afford genoprotection. After irradiation, the intracellular amount of MTs decreased, probably due to the protein oxidation by irradiation induced ROS. As a consequence MTs released zinc atoms which could stimulate the activity of nuclear zinc proteins such as XPA. Moreover the intracellular MTs degradation could modulate the nuclear redox potential and consequently the Ref-1 protein activity. Our results on XPA and Ref-1 show that zinc treatment modulates the expression of these two DNA repair enzymes. These results underline the interrelation between zinc, MTs, and DNA repair systems in maintaining genomic integrity. Our study concerning exogenous photoprotection induced by sunscreens demonstrates the importance of new biomarkers to assess the real photoprotective profile of a sunscreen in addition to SPF determination. These important biomarkers (CPF, GPF, APF, EPF), evaluated in vitro, could be considered as important parameters to evaluate the long term photoprotective capacity of sunscreens as they take in account both UVB and UVA deleterious effects
Durand, Laurence. "Développement et formulations de produits solaires conditionnés sous forme d'aérosol." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210131.
Full textDans un premier temps, le travail a consisté à développer des nouvelles formulations de produits solaires contenant des concentrations élevées en filtres UV, conditionnées sous forme d’aérosol, celles-ci valables pour le marché européen. Une émulsion E/H et une émulsion E/Si ont donc été réalisées. Elles contenaient au final 27% de filtres UV pour l’émulsion E/H et 16,5% de filtres UV pour l’émulsion E/Si, dont 4% de filtres inorganiques pour les deux types d’émulsion. Leur viscosité était de 6800 mPa.s pour l’émulsion E/H et de 2800 mPa.s pour l’émulsion E/Si. Ces formulations étaient stables lorsqu’elles étaient conservées pendant 2 mois à 40°C et également lorsqu’elles subissaient 5 cycles de température entre 5°C et 40°C. La mise en aérosol de ces émulsions a nécessité l’utilisation de 22% de gaz propulseur (mélange :butane, propane, isobutane).
La taille des gouttelettes étant un paramètre important de la caractérisation des aérosols pour le choix des matériaux à utiliser ainsi que pour sécurité afin d’éviter toute inhalation pulmonaire, l’influence de différents éléments sur celle-ci a été étudiée. Nous avons ainsi montré que la concentration en gaz, la viscosité, la présence ou non de filtres inorganiques ainsi que le choix des valves et diffuseurs utilisés jouent un rôle dans la taille des gouttelettes émises, celle-ci ne pouvant pas être inférieure à 30 µm de diamètre. La taille des gouttelettes émises était supérieure à 50 µm avec pas plus de 0.1% ayant une taille inférieure à 10 µm et maximum 25% des gouttelettes ayant une taille comprise entre 10 et 30 µm.
Les produits formulés contenaient de grandes quantités en filtres solaires, organiques et inorganiques (27% pour l’émulsion E/H et 16,6% pour l’émulsion E/Si), il était donc important de vérifier qu’aucun des filtres présents dans les émulsions ne passaient à travers la peau lors de l’application des produits solaires. En effet, ceux-ci doivent rester à la surface de l’épiderme afin de maintenir l’efficacité des produits solaires et d’éviter des effets néfastes systémiques éventuels en pénétrant la peau. Une étude in vitro utilisant de la peau humaine excisée et des cellules de diffusion de Franz nous a permis de constater que les filtres inorganiques présents dans les formulations restaient en surface de la peau, et seulement deux des filtres organiques (l’EMC et MBBT) présentaient un potentiel de pénétration cutanée négligeable et non nocif pour la santé humaine (maximum 1,21 µg/ml/cm2 pour EMC et maximum 0,14 µg/ml/cm2 pour MBBT). De plus, après 24 h d’expérience, plus de 50% des filtres restaient à la surface de la peau, ce qui permettait de maintenir l’efficacité des produits solaires. Afin de mener à bien cette étude, des méthodes analytiques pour l’analyse simultanée des filtres solaires organiques d’une part, par CLHP (Chromatographie Liquide Haute Performance), et inorganiques d’autre part, par ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry), ont été mises au point et validées.
Une étude in vivo non invasive, basée sur le prélèvement des couches successives du stratum corneum, a été réalisée par la suite. Cette dernière a été effectuée par la méthode du « tape stripping », qui utilise des disques adhésifs rigides, et sur 9 volontaires pendant une période de 8 h. Elle a permis de confirmer les résultats obtenus avec la méthode in vitro. Une bonne corrélation entre ces deux types d’étude a été observée.
Enfin, la dernière partie du travail a porté sur l’EMC, un des filtres organiques utilisé dans la plupart des produits solaires mis sur le marché et dans les émulsions E/H et E/Si formulées. Ce filtre présente une sensibilité à la lumière et aux rayons UV. L’encapsulation lipidique de celui-ci a donc été envisagée afin de produire des nanoparticules dont la matrice lipidique a pour but de protéger l’EMC contre une dégradation causée par les rayons UV. Trois lipides différents ont été investigués et ont montré des résultats positifs de protection vis-à-vis des rayonnements UV. En effet, après 2 h d’irradiation par les UV, une perte d’efficacité de 30% de l’EMC pur a été observée contre 10% à 21% pour l’EMC encapsulé par les différents lipides. De plus, les nanoparticules n’ont pas montré de potentiel d’augmentation de pénétration cutanée de l’EMC.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Marginean, Lazar Gabriela. "Contribution à l'étude des méthodes d'évaluation des produits solaires." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA114809.
Full textDumez, Catherine. "Les pigments minéraux utilisés dans les produits solaires." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P212.
Full textSobczak, Nadine. "Filtres solaires et leur passage transcutané : étude de l'influence d'un écran minéral, le dioxyde de titane, sur la pérméation de la benzophénone-4." Lille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL2P079.
Full textJarrix, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude des poudres micronisées : application à l'oxyde de zinc utilisé comme écran solaire." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1P008.
Full textFernandez, Cormarie. "Etude physico-chimique de molécules photoprotectrices. Formulation et évaluation du passage transdermique de la benzophénone-3." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON13503.
Full textAlibert-Fouet, Sonia. "Polyaminoacides portant des filtres U. V. , à but cosmétologique : synthèses et étude de leurs propriétés." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30099.
Full textThe recent progress in photobiology have clearly established that skin cancer and the premature skin aging are both due to repeated expositions to solar U. V. . Correlatively, the necessity of an efficient external photoproprotection is essential. The actual antisolar products cover all the U. V. B range, which is responsable in particulary of the sunburns but in the range of the U. V. A, few efficient filters are actually available. So the new generation of antisolars must have the largest spectral coverage possible and moreover be photostable, have a good substantivity and a sufficient remanence. For this in place of silicones with U. V. Filters, we have think to remain on it. After the first chapter on the photoprotection, we have studied (Chapter II) the synthesis of N-Carboxy-Anhydrides (NCA) derivates of L-Serine and L-Lysine fonctionalized with U. V. B filters. In few cases the fixation of these had be realised directly without the use of temporary protectional groups. The NCA (in appendix is given reviews on) have been polymerized leading to the desired models. The in vitro evaluation of the photoprotective properties of the synthetised oligomers was done (the last chapter), the lack of penetration of these peptides in the epiderme being still to be verified. In the Chapter III, an original method of polymerisation by repetition of intramolecular reactions of phosphorus derivates with α-amino esters instead of NCA was explored and his faisability demonstrated by the obtention of derivatives of polyglycine
Maskrot, El Idrissi Moulay-Hicham. "Synthèse par pyrolyse LASER et caractérisation de nanoparticules à base d'oxyde de titane et application." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4032.
Full textThe aim of this work is the study of synthesis of titanium oxide based-nanoparticules by LASER pyrolysis. The titanium dioxide nanopowders (TiO2) are studied for their interesting properties in many applications fields such as the heterogeneous catalysis the photocatalysis, the energy (photovoltaic cells and photoelectrochemical cells) and the cosmetic. The physico-chemical properties of the nanoparticules containing the titania depend mainly of their structure, their morphology, their chemical composition and thus of the method of synthesis. Laser pyrolysis is a versatile method for the synthesis of various nanopowders. In a first part, this work consisted in extending knowledge on the synthesis by pyrolysis of nanocomposites containing titanium oxide such as TiO2/Cx, TiO2/SiO2, TiO2/Nx or metal/TiO2. In a second part, the efficiency of these nanopowders was studied in applications such as the elimination of the VOC (volatile organic compounds) and solar protection
Fort, Hélène. "Photosensibilisation médicamenteuse : étude de la doxycycline." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P005.
Full textRoullier, Catherine. "Recherche de mycosporines et de dérivés aminés lichéniques d’intérêt pour les cancers photoinduits : étude phytochimique d’un lichen marin : Lichina pygmaea (Lightf.) C. Agardh." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S085.
Full textAs cutaneous cancers are increasing, research of new therapeutic solutions is necessary and the lichens are a promising source of secondary metabolites. Initially, a screening of various lichens containing cyanobacteria has highlighted the presence of mycosporine-like compounds in several of them, including a newly described structure. Then, mycosporine serinol has been isolated quantitatively from a marine lichen Lichina pygmaea. Further phytochemical studies led to the isolation of new amino derivatives, like pygmeine which has been synthetized along with analogues. Most of the compounds obtained in suitable quantity were evaluated for their photoprotective properties and in anti-cancer targeted tests. Some compounds showed interesting activity and could be good candidates in the protection of photoinduced skin cancers
Torrelli, Karine. "Etude de l'influence des métaux sur les caractèristiques physicochimiques de la dihydroxyacétone (DHA)." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1P022.
Full textEl, khoury Rindala. "Prévention des problèmes d’hyperpigmentation cutanée induits par les rayonnements ultraviolets et régulation par l’application d’huiles essentielles de plantes d’origine libanaise." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS138.
Full textHyperpigmentation disorders are characterized by an irregular distribution of dark spots on the skin, mainly on photo-exposed skin areas. This widespread problem is the result of several skin disorders leading to many physiological and aesthetic perturbations. Ultraviolet (UV) radiations play an important role in melanogenesis. However, they are also the source of several physiological disorders that induce a malfunctioning of melanocytes.The application of sunscreen is a very effective UV protection method and it is considered a main factor in the prevention of skin hyperpigmentation problems. One of the novelties in our research is that, for the first time, we were able to establish a new in vitro method for the determination of the sun protection factor (SPF) of a sunscreen, using EBT3 Gafchromic® film as a substrate. Our method relied on the color change of the substrate that was evaluated by UV-visible spectrophotometric measurements and valued by the absorbance of the film exposed to a solar simulator.In addition, we were interested in discovering new plant-derived active ingredients for the regulation of skin hyperpigmentation disorders. For this process, five essential oils (EO) of indigenous or endemic plants to Lebanon were extracted and their composition was studied by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We studied as well their molecular effects on cutaneous structures by in tubo and in vitro analysis. In tubo enzymatic analysis allowed us to identify an important anti tyrosinase activity of the two EO of Origanum syriacum and Origanum ehrenbergii. This activity was linked to the phytochemical composition of the EO and was assigned to the presence of their main component, carvacrol. In vitro cell cultures of melanocytes enabled us to determine a significant reduction in the melanin production in the presence of the EOs and carvacrol. Furthermore, we were able to define the mechanism of action of carvacrol by linking both in tubo and in vitro studies: carvacrol binds to tyrosinase and undergoes a series of oxidation reactions, thus preventing the oxidation of tyrosine. This mechanism is called competitive inhibition and it disturbs the regular pathway of melanogenesis.Our study is the first to demonstrate the anti tyrosinase activity of the EO of O. syriacum and O. ehrenbergii. The complementarity between efficacy tests and the phytochemical GC-MS analysis was our tool to discover that tyrosinase inhibition is mainly due to the presence of carvacrol that acts by competitive inhibition.Thus, the application of a sunscreen paired with the application of cutaneous melanogenesis regulator could be an effective solution for skin hyperpigmentation disorders
Bazin, Marc-Antoine. "Synthèse et étude physicochimique d’analogues d’acides férulique et avénalumique : étude des relations structure-activité en vue d’applications en cosmétologie." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN4070.
Full textIn this work, the synthesis of new derivatives from natural α,β-unsatured carboxylic acids such as ferulic and avenalumic acids is described and their cosmetic properties are reported. The first part presents ferulic and avenalumic acids in the cosmetic and chemical contexts. The second part is related to chemical syntheses that are divided in two main topics. The first one deals with esters synthesis, especially steryle and stanyle ferulates, and avenanthramides analogues. Therefore, we developed the ferulic acid vinylogue synthesis and esters and amides were prepared in the avenalumic series. In the second one, an original Hunsdiecker-type bromodecarboxylation - Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling methodology from α,β-unsatured carboxylic acids is implemented so as to afford 1,2-diarylethenes and diarylpolyenes structures. An ultra-violet (UV) absorption study of these conjugated derivatives was carried out and their possible application as UV filters is discussed. The third part displays the results of three in vitro experiments: the free radicals scavenging activity, the antioxidant capacity and the myeloperoxidase inhibition. The experimental part of this document describes the procedures and physicochemical data of new synthesized compounds, and biological tests protocols. Nearly 170 bibliographical references replace this study in its chemical or cosmetic context
Dorland, Patrick. "Les molécules anti-UV : domaines d'application et étude analytique." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P143.
Full textNguyen, Kien Trung. "Etude expérimentale du comportement instable d'un sable silteux : application aux digues de protection." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4709/document.
Full textThe constitutive materials of dikes are often silty sands whose mechanical behavior can become unstable at stress states located well under the Mohr-Coulomb plasticity limit criterion. This failure mechanism could explain several dike breaches whose occurrence has not been assigned to conventional mechanisms of dike failure such as internal erosion. The objective of this thesis is to better understand, with respect to the instability phenomenon, the mechanical behavior of a silty sand which is collected in the area adjacent of a breach of the Rhone embankment dike during the flood of 2003, by means of triaxial tests.The test results obtained on clean sand show that this material is very sensitive to the instability phenomenon. The occurrence of the latter can be predicted by an instability curve relating, at the onset of instability, the stress ratio to the state parameter. The analysis of these results suggests that a strong contractiveness of the material is the necessary condition for instability of loose sand and an appropriate direction of stress increment vector is the sufficient condition.The test results obtained on mixtures of sand with fines show that a removal of fine particles caused by an erosion, such as suffusion for example, favors the occurrence of instability in the dikes. Moreover, these results indicate that the equivalent void ratio is a relevant parameter in analyzing the behavior of silty sand. The calculation of the equivalent void ratio requires the determination of the parameter b for which a new formula has been proposed