Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Indice de fréquence des traitements'
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Khreis, Soumaya. "Fusion par lisseur de Kalman pour l’estimation de la fréquence respiratoire à partir de l’électrocardiogramme ou du photoplethysmogramme." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S047/document.
Full textThe presented work in this dissertation concerns the development of approaches to estimate the breathing rate (BR) accurately from the electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG), to avoid wearing cumbersome and uncomfortable sensors for direct measurements. In fact, the respiration influences ECG and PPG signals. Several modulations are extracted to describe breathing cycles based on amplitude, frequency and baseline. However, it is difficult to determine the optimal combination to estimate the BR due to the noise and patient-dependency. Since few works have studied the quality of these modulations, we propose to study the quality of modulations using respiratory quality indices (RQI). To do so, we present two methods: the first automatically selects the modulations with the highest RQI for BR estimation, the second tracks the respiration signal using Kalman smoother. The obtained results show superior performance comparing to the methods in the literature. In addition, an extension of fusion approach is presented based on a multi-mode model. These proposed methods are tested on several datasets with different clinical contexts: monitoring post-operative care (where patients are immobile), daily physical activities and neonatal monitoring. The experimental results show that the RQIs coupled with a fusion algorithm increase the accuracy of the BR estimation from the derived modulations
Zhang, Yaoyun. "Analyse des relations entre la diversité des cultures et l'utilisation des pesticides à l'échelle du système de culture." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK056.
Full textCrop diversification is considered to be one of the pillars of cropping system redesign to move towards more sustainable agriculture, including the reduction of pesticide use. However, the level of reduction in pesticide dependency achieved by diversifying crop successions has not been quantified to date. This thesis aims to quantify the links between the various components of diversity of cropping successions in arable field crop systems, and the intensity of pesticide use, based on the large range of contrasted practices observed in the DEPHY farm network.An important part of the effects of diversification on pesticide use is due to the interactions between the level of diversification and the nature of the crop species grown, with large differences between crops on average treatment levels. We propose a method for isolating the effects of ecosystem services of diversity per se on pesticide use. We found a small but significant effect of the number of crops (richness) on the level of pesticide use at the cropping system level, independently of the nature of the species grown. A composite diversity metric (CDM), combining 28 indicators representing various functional aspects of diversity, effectively improved the share of variance in pesticide use explained by diversity, which remains lower than the share of variance linked to the nature of the crop species.Certain components of diversification can have non-linear effects on local pest pressure and pesticide use. For example, the introduction of temporary grassland into cropping successions helps to reduce the need for chemical protection, but too high a proportion of temporary grassland tends to increase the need for chemical control of insect pests on other crops.We established a typology of production situations based on the characteristics of the soil, climate and farm, along a gradient of "conductivity" with regard to infestation by pests (ability to favor their pressure, independently of the nature of the species grown). The effect of crop diversity remains undifferentiated between the different types of production situations on this gradient.The results suggest that reducing agricultural dependence on pesticides by diversifying cropping systems requires that all the components of diversity be taken into account and balanced. The benefits of diversification are greatest when it allows the introduction of crop species associated with limited pest pressure. Combining our results with knowledge of the effects of other non-chemical pest control techniques would enable us to build a predictive model of the degree to which holistic cropping system redesign can reduce pesticide dependency
Cherif, Safa. "Effective signal processing methods for robust respiratory rate estimation from photoplethysmography signal." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0094/document.
Full textOne promising area of research in clinical routine involves using photoplethysmography (PPG) for monitoring respiratory activities. PPG is an optical signal acquired from oximeters, whose principal use consists in measuring oxygen saturation. Despite its simplicity of use, the deployment of this technique is still limited because of the signal sensitivity to distortions and the non-reproducibility between subjects, but also for the same subject, due to age and health conditions. The main aim of this work is to develop robust and universal methods for estimating accurate respiratory rate regardless of the intra- and inter-individual variability that affects PPG features. For this purpose, firstly, an adaptive artefact detection method based on template matching and decision by Random Distortion Testing is introduced for detecting PPG pulses with artefacts. Secondly, an analysis of several spectral methods for Respiratory Rate (RR) estimation on two different databases, with different age ranges and different respiratory modes, is proposed. Thirdly, a Spectral Respiratory Quality Index (SRQI) is attributed to respiratory rate estimates, in order that the clinician may select only RR values with a large confidence scale. Promising results are found for two different databases
Leducq, Paul. "Traitements temps-fréquence pour l'analyse de scènes complexes dans les images SAR polarimétriques." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133586.
Full textLa réponse des cibles mobiles est étudiée. Sa forme particulière conduit à une méthode de détection et refocalisation basée sur la transformée de Fourier fractionnaire. La problématique est étendue au cas des cibles possédant de plus une réflectivité dépendant des paramètres d'illumination (angle et fréquence). Une approche basée sur une modélisation de la cible et sur l'algorithme de Matching-Pursuit est présentée.
La détection des bâtiments dans les images SAR de zones urbaines en bande L est abordée dans le cadre temps-fréquence. Les notions complémentaires de stationnarité et de cohérence sont exploitées pour produire une classification temps-fréquence, permettant d'identifier les environnements naturels et différents types de cibles artificielles. Des applications à la cartographie et à la caractérisation de bâtiments sont proposées.
Totems, Julien. "Emission laser impulsionnelle et traitements temps-fréquence en vibrométrie par lidar à détection cohérente." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00610531.
Full textConan, Ewen. "Traitements adaptés aux antennes linéaires horizontales pour la discrimination en immersion de sources Ultra Basse Fréquence." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0016/document.
Full textThis work focuses on acoustic source depth discrimination in the ultra-low frequency range (ULF, 0-500 Hz), using a horizontal line array. Depth discrimination is a binary classification problem, aiming to evaluate whether a received signal has been emitted by a source near the surface or by a submerged one. This could serve applications such as anti-submarine warfare or marine biology.The acoustic field generated by a ULF source can be described as a sum of modes, which properties depend on environment and source location. This modal propagation leads to modal dispersion: the different modes propagate at different velocities. This forbid the use of classical beamforming schemes. However, the horizontal array can be used as a spatial filter to estimate the properties of the modes: this is modal filtering. With a sufficient array length, modes are resolved, and the filtered modes can be used to localise the source using matched-mode processing. If the array is too short, the poorly-filtered modes cannot be used for localisation. Therefore, we are looking for a less precise but more robust information on source location, which leads to source depth discrimination.In this work, the poorly-filtered modes are used to decide whether the source is near the surface or submerged. Because some of the modes (the "trapped modes") are weakly excited by a surface source, we propose this decision relies on the estimation of the trapped energy ratio, i.e. the ratio of acoustic energy borne by trapped modes to the total acoustic energy. The problem of depth discrimination is then formulated as a binary hypothesis test on source depth. This physical formulation allows using Monte-Carlo methods and simulations to predict performance in a given context. This enables comparison between several estimators of the trapped energy ratio and the choice of a relevant threshold which this ratio is compared to in order to decide between the two hypotheses. The approach developped in the manuscript is validated by its application to marine experimental data. The results are consistent with the conclusions drawn from simulations. The proposed method enables the succesfull identification of both a surface source (the noise of a travelling ship) and a submerged source (a ULF source towed 30 m below the surface), using a 360-m horizontal array
Diaw, Alassane Bocar. "Dynamique de l'indice CAC 40 et du contrat à terme dérivé à partir des données à haute fréquence." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0031.
Full textThis work aims to study intraday dynamics of CAC 40 index futures and the underlying spot index. Theoretically, if the markets are linked by activity, futures prices should be equal to spot prices suggesting that information flows simultaneously in the two markets. However, the majority of the studies highlight the leading role of the futures markets, in price discovery, allotted to microstructure issues. The primary goal of this study is to quantify and study the stability of informational flows. We seek to determine whether, between microstructure bias and information volume, time interval is significant in the characterization of the returns and volatility dynamics. The bivariate analysis is based on an error correction model for the returns equation and an EGARCH model to capture the volatility spillover. The first has shown the predominance of the futures market in the price discovery process, specifically for short time intervals. The latter has highlighted high volatility clustering in the futures market and unidirectional transmission of information shocks to spot market, particularly at higher time intervals. The second goal is to explain futures market volatility clustering by the intensity of the activity and the information asymmetry based on volumes and prices proxies. The Autoregressive Conditional Duration (ACD) model has shown some predictability of the volatility clustering at the level of ultra-high frequencies (tick-data). However, the role of the information asymmetry in the futures market volatility seems, globally, negligible and non permanent. The use of mixed duration and conditional volatility models (ACD- GARCH) confirms these results. Therefore, the volatility in the French major index futures market shouldn’t be allotted to informed agents with private information, as documented by market microstructure literature in some foreign markets
Scherer, Karin. "Nouveaux matériaux pour des couches minces diélectriques à bas indice de réfraction : application aux traitements antireflet sur verres ophtalmiques." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066574.
Full textMoreno, Lopez Hugo Humberto. "Valorisation des services système dans un réseau de transport d'électricité." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112175.
Full textDeruaz, Jean-Pierre. "Utilisation des champs électromagnétiques dans les traitements d'ennoblissement textiles." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10294.
Full textVirgilio, Christophe. "Caractérisation du mouillage de surfaces micro/nanostructurées par méthode acoustique haute fréquence : application aux traitements humides dans l'industrie de la microélectronique." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0018/document.
Full textLarge scale integration in the field of electronic components (CMOS, FDSOI 14 nm, flash memory), and the development of new devices (image sensors, photonic components) raise new issues in chip manufacturing in the microelectronics industry. Wet etching and wet cleaning efficiency of the patterned surface of the components can be limited by an incomplete wetting of the micro/nanostructures, for which dimensions shrink and aspect ratios increase highly. Wetting state and micro/nanostructures filling kinetics are then two key parameters to adapt the wet processes at best. This thesis work, conducted in partnership with STMicroelectronics, presents an original acoustic method of high frequency reflectometry for wetting characterization of industrial structured surfaces at the micrometric (vias) and nanometric scale (deep trenches for pixels insulation, CMOS transistor contacts). Two acoustic models have been developed: one numerical finite difference model and one analytical model based on diffraction. They enable us to have a better understanding of the acoustic wave behavior inside the micro/nanostructures and to interpret the experimental measurements of wetting. We determined the wetting state of the structures (Wenzel, Cassie, composite states) and imbibition of initially non-wetting surfaces has been detected by lowering the surface tension of the liquids. Micrometric vias filling kinetics has also been measured
Leroy, Emmanuelle. "Surveillance acoustique des baleines bleues Antarctique dans l’océan Indien austral : traitement, analyse et interprétation." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0069/document.
Full textThe Antarctic blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus intermedia, is currently critically endangered since the commercial whaling in the 20th century. The population recovery of this species, as well as its ecology, are still poorly known. Due to the ineffectiveness of visual observations, passive acoustics is a preferred method to monitor this highly vocal species. This dissertation presents an analysis of 7 years of passive acoustic monitoring in the southern Indian Ocean, known as a particularly important area of habitat and migration for the Antarctic blue whale. Deployed since 2010 over an area of about 9,000,000 km2, the OHASISBIO hydrophone network provides a multi-site and multi-year acoustic database. An algorithm for the automated detection of Antarctic blue whale calls, first tested and validated, has been applied to characterize the seasonal and geographic patterns of the species presence in the study area. The systematic analysis of these vocalizations also allowed to characterize intra- and inter-annual variations of their frequency, with a long-term decline and seasonal variations. A preliminary analysis of other vocal signatures recorded by the network, from 3 populations of pygmy blue whales and fin whales, highlighted similar variations of their frequencies and outlined their geographic and seasonal patterns of presence in the area. Finally, two previously undescribed vocalizations, with characteristics close to that of blue whale calls, were identified and characterized
Guézénoc, Hervé. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adhérence acier/polymère par la mise en oeuvre de traitements de surfaces par plasma froid basse fréquence (2. 5kHz)." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30278.
Full textHallali, Nicolas. "Utilisation de nanoparticules magnétiques dans les traitements anti-tumoraux : Au-delà de l'hyperthermie magnétique." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0025/document.
Full textTwo anti-tumor treatments based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and oscillating magnetic field were studied. The first one, magnetic hyperthermia, uses the heat released by MNPs in contact with tumor cells under a high frequency alternating magnetic field. We have shown that the forces induced by magnetic field inhomogeneity during magnetic hyperthermia essay no influence on cellular viability. Moreover, magnetic measurements, XPS characterization and heating power evaluation of iron MNPs coated by amorphous silica shell were carried out. It was observed that this shell is able to preserve the MNP magnetic properties submitted to an aqueous environment. The second anti-tumor treatment combines MNPs and low-frequency magnetic field, inducing mechanical stress to tumor cells. A complete theoretical study on the influence of magnetic field, thermal agitation and magnetic interaction on the magneto-mechanical forces generated by the MNPs was carried out. It was demonstrated that for a MNP assembly this force increases dramatically when the rotation of the magnetic field induces a break of time reversal symmetry on the magneto-mechanical torque. Experimentally, several devices generating low frequency rotating magnetic fields were developed. Using these devices, in-vitro essays were also achieved using phosphatidylcholine coated MNPs, which bind to cellular membranes. An application of a 40 or 380 mT magnetic field rotating at 10 Hz reduced cell survival rate
Garabedian, Charles. "Développement d’un nouvel indice reflet du bien être fœtal : le Fetal Stress Index." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S022/document.
Full textThe monitoring of fetal well being during labor is essentially based on fetal heart rate (FHR) analysis. The recording of FHR, even continuously during labor, does not fully assess fetal oxygenation or neonatal risk of asphyxia. Indeed, this tool is imperfect and subjective with an important inter and intra-operator variability. Second-line examinations to characterize the fetal state are currently used in routine practice, i.e. scalp fetal blood sampling to study the fetal acid-base balance (pH or lactates) or scalp electrode placement to study the fetal ECG (ST segment analysis). These techniques are nevertheless invasive and subject to technical constraints. There is therefore an interest in developing both objective and non-invasive means of evaluating fetal wellbeing to reduce neonatal encephalopathy. Indeed, its prevalence is about 3 to 8 per 1000 births. Post natal mortality is about 25 to 50% and survivors will hav severe diseases (epilepsy, neurologic impairment, cerebral palsy…).One of the possibilities studied to better identify fetuses at risk for acidosis is the analysis of changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in response to hypoxia.Indeed, the regulation of heart rate is dependent on the ANS and thus, its variability is a reflection of the sympathetic / parasympathetic balance. Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a recognized non-invasive tool that is used to assess ANS regulation. The CHU Lille has developed a new continuous tool for the analysis of HRV, which demonstrated its efficacity in adults and neonates to evaluate the ANS. The objective of this thesis was to develop its index, called Fetal Stress Index (FSI), in the fetus and to evaluate it in conditions of acidosis.The study was experimental in a sheep model chronically instrumented and was in 2 steps. First, we evaluate the performance of our method compared to commonly used HRV analysis, regarding the ability to detect the variation of variations of the ANS. After injection of atropine, to inhibit parasympathetic tone, or propranolol to block sympathetic activity, we shown that our method appeared to be effective in detecting parasympathetic inhibition and, moreover, was superior to classical analysis of HRV in terms of sensibility and specificity.In a second time, we evaluated this new index as a predictive factor of the fetal acid-base state in 2 experimental models of fetal hypoxia by occlusion of the cord. In the first one, acidosis was obtained through a partial occlusion of the umbilical cord and in the second one, though repetitive complete occlusion as uterine contractions during labor. In those two studies, we observed a raise of our index in case of acidosis with a correlation beetween FSI and pH and also FSI and lactates in the second model.In conclusion, the FSI reflects fetal parasympathetic activity, has a better detection than others usual methods, and seems well correlated to fetal acid-base status. It is a promising index and it will be interesting to incorporate it in a multi parametric analysis of fetal heart rate to predict acidosis
Robert, Christian Yann. "Analyse des queues de distribution et des valeurs extrêmes en finance : applications aux séries financières haute fréquence." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077164.
Full textGrevillot, Michel. "Quantification des mobilités inter et intra vertébrales au niveau du rachis lombaire par voies optique et ultrasonore : détection des échos spéculaires par traitements du plan temps-fréquence." Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0562.
Full textGat, Eric. "Etude de couches minces de carbure de silicium déposées par CVD assistée plasma basse fréquence." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20030.
Full textBaral-Baron, Grégory. "Traitements avancés pour l’augmentation de la disponibilité et de l’intégrité de la mesure de vitesse 3D par LiDAR, dans le domaine aéronautique." Thesis, Supélec, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014SUPL0016/document.
Full textThe method use to respect security requirements in civil aviation consists in multiplying measuring chains for the same information. Now, it is recommended to add a dissimilar measuring chain, based on a different physical principle, in order to improve security level. Thus, Thales works on the development of a laser Doppler anemometer embedded on aircraft. This sensor is composed by four LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) axis distributed around the aircraft and air speed is estimated by the analysis of the reflection of the emitted laser wave on particles.This thesis objective is to design a LiDAR signal processing chain adapted to an aircraft sensor. The process is based on a time-frequency representation and it includes methods for signal detection in low concentrated air mass, useful particles selection in clouds and robust estimation to control measure reliability. The process has been evaluated during a test campaign realized at the Pic du Midi observatory. Its performances are greatly improved, especially in critical situations.The system architecture has also been studied. An estimation method designed from estimations performed on different LiDAR axis and an aerodynamic model of an aircraft is proposed in order to compensate for air mass perturbations close to the aircraft. Then, an optimization process is presented to improve sensor performances.The signal processing chain will have to be evaluated by flight tests, to explore a large atmospheric conditions variety and to quantify its strengths and weaknesses depending on conditions
SALLEM, Soumaya. "Traitements de réception mono et multi-antennes de signaux rectilignes ou quasi-rectilignes en présence de multitrajets de propagation." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814611.
Full textRoux, Stéphanie. "Chauffage ohmique de formules infantiles : étude cinétique de la réaction de Maillard." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20091.
Full textThermal treatments can cause modifications in food compositions because of the temperature effect which accelerates chemical reactions and particularly Maillard reaction. Infant formulas are dairy products rich in substrates and submitted to an intense thermal thermal in order to guaranty their sterility. Therefore, they are particularly favourable for the development of Maillard reaction. Ohmic heating was used as a thermal treatment technology in batch and in continuous. The kinetics of substrates' degradation and Maillard Reaction Products (MRP) accumulation were acquired for different holding temperatures (100-140°C) and heating rates. The results show that MRP, during the isothermal phase, can be described by pseudo-zero order kinetic with an Arrhenius type of temperature dependence. The heating transient phase significantly contributes to the accumulation of neoformed contaminants and to the substrate degradation. Concerning the continuous treatment, performances were shown identical with ohmic heating and with the reference treatment by steam injection. The FAST index, which is a global measure of the advancement of Maillard reaction, appears to be an easy-to-use marker allowing to describe early and precisely all the thermal treatment range covered in this study
Sallem, Soumaya. "Traitements de réception mono et multi-antennes de signaux rectilignes ou quasi-rectilignes en présence de multitrajets de propagation." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0054/document.
Full textThe SAIC/MAIC (Single/Multiple Antenna Interference Cancellation) receiver, recently introduced, is able to separate up to 2N synchronous users with N antennas for the radiocommunications networks using rectilinear or quasi-rectilinear modulations. A such receiver, operational in GSM handsets since 2006, exploits the second order non-circularity of signals and gives rise to an optimal widely linear (WL) filter. This receiver has been shown to be powerful for synchronous users without any frequency offsets (for example Doppler shift), but its behaviour in the presence of asynchronous users having potentially non zero carrier residues, omnipresent in many radio applications, has not yet been the subject of theoretical studies, which doesn't allow us to know their damage. For this reason, the purpose of the first part of this work is to present an analysis of SAIC/MAIC receiver performances, implemented via an MMSE approach with training sequence, with two users not necessarily synchronized with frequency shifts. To simplify the analytical developments, we limited the theoretical analysis to some particular cases with rectilinear modulations. Hence, simple and interpretable analytical expressions were given and analyzed. We proved in particular that the performance is less degraded in the case of a shift on the useful than in the presence of a drift on the jammer. Furthermore, the degradation increases with desynchronization of the two signals. To precise the range of validity of analytical approximations, numerical illustrations were made using as parameters those of the GSM standard in order to apply this study to this standard in particular and cellular networks in general. Extending the analysis to quasi-rectilinear modulations had required the implementation of a spatio-temporal filtering. We have studied the impact of the size of the spatio-temporal filter on the performance of MMSE SAIC/MAIC receiver for quasi-rectilinear modulations (GMSK and MSK) in the presence of residual frequencies. The study reveals that with standard carrier residues, this receiver remains relatively robust and doesn't require a compensation. The second part of this work considers frequency-selective channels and is developing a SIMO MLSE receiver for a useful signal with any linear modulation in the presence of an additive Gaussian centered stationary temporally and spatially colored and potentially non-circular noise, starting from a general problem of detection of a waveform. We have shown that SIMO MLSE receiver consists of a WL filter, a sampler at the symbol rate and a recursive minimization of a metric that can be solved by the Viterbi algorithm. The case of quasi-rectilinear modulations is also considered. Within this framework, we had proved that the SIMO MLSE receiver has the same structure through a postreatment derotation. All these filters are interpreted as WL multidimensional matched filters (WL MMF) in the sense that they maximize the SNR of the current symbol at output. Then, we extended the MLSE receiver structure developed in case of a noncircular gaussian noise but this time cyclostationary, so as to approximate radio cellular applications. We call this new receiver "pseudo-MLSE" because its structure was imposed. By conjecturing that the performances by per symbol error probability are directly related to the SNR of the current symbol, general expressions of this SNR are given for MLSE and pseudo MLSE receivers with stationary and cyclostationary potentially noncircular interferences. Interpretable formulas of these SNR were given in special cases and numerical simulations were presented to show performance gains of the receivers we have introduced relative to conventional MLSE receivers derived under the assumption of circular stationary noise
Zhang, Fuli. "Technologies des métamatériaux électromagnétiques en volume : application aux éléments de guidage et de rayonnement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10058/document.
Full textRecently, metamaterial has attracted much attention due to unique property such as negative index. This thesis is devoted to various aspects of this field: left and right handed balanced structure, low loss, tunability and Mie resonance based metamaterial. An omega-like left and right handed balanced metamaterial was proposed following the guideline of equality of magnetic and electric plasma frequency. It is shown that this metamaterial exhibits a broad passband from 8.0 - 16.0 GHz with a transition frequency at 13.6 GHz between negative and positive index branches. Then, an omega-type left handed metamaterial (LHM) operating at millimeter wavelengths was fabricated. The left handed passband centered around 80 GHz was observed. The low insertion loss of -0.5 dB/cell may meet requirement of practical application. We studied tunable metamaterial based on nematic liquid crystal. Magnetically tunable split ring resonator shows a resonance dip shift of 300 MHz under external magnetic field. Then a tunable LHM was fabricated. Effective index variation of 0.25 arising from liquid crystal reorientation was found. Finally, we investigated Mie resonance based dielectric resonator and its related application. Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) cube exhibits isotropic magnetic resonance for tilted incidence. Besides, a thin layer of BST cubes can perform as an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) due to in-phase reflection around magnetic resonance. Such an AMC enhances directivity of antenna more than two times. In addition, a full dielectric cloak was also demonstrated numerically by radically positioning BST rectangular bricks
Sallem, Soumaya. "Traitements de réception mono et multi-antennes de signaux rectilignes ou quasi-rectilignes en présence de multitrajets de propagation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0054.
Full textThe SAIC/MAIC (Single/Multiple Antenna Interference Cancellation) receiver, recently introduced, is able to separate up to 2N synchronous users with N antennas for the radiocommunications networks using rectilinear or quasi-rectilinear modulations. A such receiver, operational in GSM handsets since 2006, exploits the second order non-circularity of signals and gives rise to an optimal widely linear (WL) filter. This receiver has been shown to be powerful for synchronous users without any frequency offsets (for example Doppler shift), but its behaviour in the presence of asynchronous users having potentially non zero carrier residues, omnipresent in many radio applications, has not yet been the subject of theoretical studies, which doesn't allow us to know their damage. For this reason, the purpose of the first part of this work is to present an analysis of SAIC/MAIC receiver performances, implemented via an MMSE approach with training sequence, with two users not necessarily synchronized with frequency shifts. To simplify the analytical developments, we limited the theoretical analysis to some particular cases with rectilinear modulations. Hence, simple and interpretable analytical expressions were given and analyzed. We proved in particular that the performance is less degraded in the case of a shift on the useful than in the presence of a drift on the jammer. Furthermore, the degradation increases with desynchronization of the two signals. To precise the range of validity of analytical approximations, numerical illustrations were made using as parameters those of the GSM standard in order to apply this study to this standard in particular and cellular networks in general. Extending the analysis to quasi-rectilinear modulations had required the implementation of a spatio-temporal filtering. We have studied the impact of the size of the spatio-temporal filter on the performance of MMSE SAIC/MAIC receiver for quasi-rectilinear modulations (GMSK and MSK) in the presence of residual frequencies. The study reveals that with standard carrier residues, this receiver remains relatively robust and doesn't require a compensation. The second part of this work considers frequency-selective channels and is developing a SIMO MLSE receiver for a useful signal with any linear modulation in the presence of an additive Gaussian centered stationary temporally and spatially colored and potentially non-circular noise, starting from a general problem of detection of a waveform. We have shown that SIMO MLSE receiver consists of a WL filter, a sampler at the symbol rate and a recursive minimization of a metric that can be solved by the Viterbi algorithm. The case of quasi-rectilinear modulations is also considered. Within this framework, we had proved that the SIMO MLSE receiver has the same structure through a postreatment derotation. All these filters are interpreted as WL multidimensional matched filters (WL MMF) in the sense that they maximize the SNR of the current symbol at output. Then, we extended the MLSE receiver structure developed in case of a noncircular gaussian noise but this time cyclostationary, so as to approximate radio cellular applications. We call this new receiver "pseudo-MLSE" because its structure was imposed. By conjecturing that the performances by per symbol error probability are directly related to the SNR of the current symbol, general expressions of this SNR are given for MLSE and pseudo MLSE receivers with stationary and cyclostationary potentially noncircular interferences. Interpretable formulas of these SNR were given in special cases and numerical simulations were presented to show performance gains of the receivers we have introduced relative to conventional MLSE receivers derived under the assumption of circular stationary noise
Zergoune, Zakaria. "Meso-macro approach for modeling the acoustic transmission through sandwich panels." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC048/document.
Full textPrediction of the flexural vibroacoustic behavior of honeycomb sandwich structures in the low-mid frequency is nowadays becoming of high interest in different industrial sectors. This trend is mainly owing to the advantageous mechanical properties of the sandwich structures. One of the main advantages of this kind of structures lies principally in the high stiffness-to-weight ratio. Even though, acoustically the decrease of the panel mass with a high stiffness leads to an unsuitable acoustic comfort. For this reason, there is an increasing demand for approaches modeling the vibroacoustic behavior of the sandwich structures with a maximum accuracy. The present thesis deals with a meso-macro approach based on a numerical method for modeling the vibroacoustic behavior of sandwich structures. The modeling description is mainly used to address the acoustic insulation problem considered in the thesis. The presented work focuses on the topology of the sandwich core to treat the addressed problem. The main advantage of the proposed model is that it takes into account the core shear and panel orthotropic effects. The modeling approach suggested here is based on the wave finite element method (WFE method), which combines the standard finite element method and the periodic structure theory. The sandwich structure has been modeled as a tridimensional waveguide which holds absolutely the meso-scale information of the modeled panel. The transition frequency, which indicates the frequency at which the core shear becomes important, was identified via two different numerical methods. An expression of the acoustic transmission for an equivalent isotropic sandwich panel was also derived. A parametric study was then conducted with a goal of revealing the effect of the geometric parameters of the sandwich core on the vibroacoustic indicators
Charlet, Emilie. "Mouillage et orientation d'un film mince de cristal liquide colonnaire." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752187.
Full textDjellouli, Rabïa. "Contributions à l'analyse mathématique et au calcul des modes guides des fibres optiques." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112139.
Full textThis work deals with the mathematical and numerical analysis of propagation characteristics of guided modes of several dielectric structures: Optical fibers, half couplers and optical couplers. From the mathematical view-point we first study a scalar equation which modelize the propagation under the assumptions of weak guidance. Then we analyse the complete system of the Maxwell equations. These studies are based on the spectral theory of self-adjoint operators. We etablish , by the Max-Min principle, the dispersion relation between the frequency and the propagation constant. Then we give a detailed description of the dispersion curves: framing, dependance with respect to the index profile, asymptotic behaviour, cut-off. . . From the numerical point of view, we propose an original method, based on integral representation, to calculate the propagation constants and the cut-off frequencies of guided modes of step-index profile fibers with arbitrarily shaped cross sections. The case of an optical couplers is also treated by this method with an appropriate adaptation. We end this work by making various numerical simulations in order to validate our approximation method. The conclusion is that our method is well adapted to the computation of the optical structures presented above: good accuracy and reasonnable cost
D'Ans, Pierre. "Contribution à la mise au point d'une démarche rationnelle de sélection des traitements de surface: illustration dans le cas des dispositifs de fonderie de l'aluminium." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210366.
Full text- Utiliser des multitraitements de surface peut se faire en scindant les différentes requêtes en sous-ensembles, de manière à ce que chaque traitement réponde à l’un d’eux. Dans quel ordre ces requêtes doivent-elles être introduites par rapport au substrat ?
- Comment sélectionner les traitements de surface répondant à chaque requête individuelle ?
- Comment classer des multitraitements en termes d’adéquation au problème posé ?
Dans ce travail, les première et troisième questions sont abordées, en explorant les requêtes concernant habituellement les dispositifs de moulage de l’aluminium :
- Résistance aux contraintes d’origine thermique.
- Résistance à la corrosion par les métaux fondus.
- Résistance au frottement.
L’analyse de la bibliographie relative aux traitements de surface utilisés dans ces systèmes a été analysée et des « architectures »-types ont été identifiées (chapitre 3). On prévoit, par exemple, un traitement conférant la résistance à la fatigue superficielle, ainsi qu’un revêtement étanche et résistant à l’aluminium fondu. Une barrière thermique est parfois préconisée.
Pour chacune des architectures, des traitements de surface individuels peuvent être sélectionnés. Un « facteur de performance » permettant de classer les solutions par rapport au problème de la fatigue thermique a été construit (chapitre 4) et discuté dans deux situations :
- Lorsqu’un revêtement est présent, et que les contraintes d’origine thermique (différence de dilatation thermique couche-substrat) menacent de le rompre lors de l’immersion dans un milieu corrosif à haute température. Des essais de corrosion dans de l’aluminium fondu ont été réalisés sur un acier revêtu par du nitrure de chrome dopé à l’aluminium, synthétisé par déposition physique en phase vapeur (chapitre 5 – collaboration :Inasmet).
- Lorsque des variations thermiques rapides menacent de rompre le substrat et la (les) couches. Des essais de fatigue thermique ont été réalisés sur de l’acier à outils pour travail à chaud non traité, boruré ou recouvert d’un multitraitements (zircone yttriée / NiCrAlY / boruration / acier). Le revêtement en zircone yttriée a été obtenu par projection par plasma. L’essai de fatigue thermique a été modélisé et le facteur de performance, discuté (chapitre 6).
Au chapitre 7, les architectures-types ont été introduites dans une méthodologie de sélection des multi-traitements de surface, qui a été appliquée dans deux cas :
- Celui des moules de fonderie, devant résister à la fatigue thermique et à la corrosion par l’aluminium fondu. Le facteur de performance a été extrapolé à d’autres situations qu’aux chapitres 5 et 6. Les solutions habituellement proposées pour résoudre ce problème sont retrouvées.
- Celui de deux pièces en acier frottant l’une contre l’autre en présence d’aluminium fondu.
To select surface treatments, one must account for the required functional properties, the substrate features and the solicitations the substrate must endure. Certain combinations of these parameters make it difficult to select a single surface treatment, a reason why several successive treatments are preferred. To select them, one needs to determine:
- How to divide the several requests into groups and how to stack up these groups from the substrate to the outer surface, so that each treatment deals with one specific group of requests/properties.
- How to select individual layers for each group of properties.
- How to rank the multi-treatments in terms of relevance for a given application.
In this work, one tries to answer the first and the third questions, by studying the case of aluminium foundry, in which the industrial devices frequently face the following solicitations:
- Thermal stress (thermal fatigue, thermal expansion mismatch).
- Presence of corrosive molten metal.
- Sliding wear.
In the literature, several “standard” architectures are proposed (chapter 3), like a diffusion layer reducing superficial fatigue plus a corrosion barrier layer. A thermal barrier coating is also sometimes proposed.
For each of these architectures, one can select individual treatments. To rank them, one devised a “performance index” for thermal stress (chap.4), which is discussed for two cases:
- For large differences between layer and substrate thermal expansion coefficients, when both are put into contact with a high temperature corrosive medium, the layer may be damaged. One discusses this case by examining the corrosion caused by molten aluminium for a steel substrate coated by anticorrosive chromium nitride doped with aluminium. The layer is produced by physical vapour deposition (chap. 5 – cooperation: Inasmet).
- Repeated fast surface temperature transients can also damage the substrate and/or the layer by thermal fatigue. One conducted thermal fatigue tests with samples of hot work tool steel, respectively untreated, simply borided and protected by a multilayer. In the last case, top coat is yttria stabilised zirconia, followed by a nickel superalloy and then a borided layer (undercoat). One synthesized the zirconia coating by plasma spray and one modelled the thermal fatigue (chap. 6).
In chap. 7, architectures from chap. 2 are introduced in a multi-treatment selection routine, which is applied in two cases:
- Foundry moulds for molten aluminium, withstanding both thermal fatigue and corrosion. The devised performance index is extrapolated beyond the tests of chap. 5 and 6 to treatments for this industrial application, thereby quantifying their respective merits.
- A foundry device exposed to molten metal and sliding wear.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Chehbani, Amel. "Etude et mise en œuvre d’un système communicant sans fil et sans radio pour la mesure de paramètres physiologiques des nouveau-nés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0009.
Full textThe weak immune systems in the elderly, newborns and preterm infants increase their susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Indeed, symptoms of cardiac pathology can be quite unusual and sporadic in this population. This requires continuous monitoring of cardiac activity by electrocardiogram (ECG), which enables early detection of abnormalities. Conventionally, ECG systems are wired, limiting continuous monitoring and patient comfort. Thanks to technology, portable and wireless ECG systems have also been developed, based mainly on efficient radio frequency (RF) technologies, which enable these users to be monitored regularly. However, security and privacy requirements, interference generation, potential harmful effects on patient health, spectrum congestion and energy efficiency are challenges for the massive deployment of RF technologies in healthcare scenarios. Instead of relying on the limitations of RF systems, this thesis focuses on an alternative solution based on optical wireless technologies that enable safe and environmentally-friendly communications. This solution consists of a monitoring system using an infrared link between a transmitter embedded in an ECG sensor placed on the user's body and receivers placed on the ceiling of the environment. In order to study the three monitoring contexts, the corresponding optical channel was simulated using a ray-tracing technique combined with the numerical Monte-Carlo method. Considering the specificities of the monitoring scenario, the population (age and mobility) and the modeled environment (transparent material of premature baby incubators), the static gain characterizing the channel was obtained. This gain was used in a chain developed to simulate ECG transmission in each context. The reliability of the proposed remote monitoring system is thus conditioned by the quality of the transmitted ECG signal. This has been assessed at application level using the Signal Quality Index (SQI) method, which consists in extracting spectral and statistical characteristics from the ECG. In addition, given its usefulness in monitoring the development of premature infants, heart rate variability (HRV) has also been analyzed by computing the temporal parameters that characterize RR intervals in an ECG. The main objective is to assess the impact of time-varying optical transmission performance on the quality of the received ECG signal, in order to design a less intrusive, reliable and cost-effective system for remote ECG signal monitoring. SQIs consist in extracting spectral and statistical characteristics from the ECG. In addition, given its usefulness in monitoring the development of premature infants, heart rate variability (HRV) was also analyzed by computing the temporal parameters that characterize RR intervals. The main objective is to assess the impact of optical transmission performance on ECG quality metrics. For this purpose, a general analysis approach was implemented to jointly study the evolution of (SQIs) and VFC temporal parameters at the application level as a function of classical metrics at the physical level, namely (SNR) and (BER). The results of this research showed the potential of using wireless optics in such medical contexts to provide a reliable and energy-efficient solution. Indeed, in all three cases investigated, ECG signals of sufficient quality for reliable diagnoses were obtained at moderate levels of transmitted optical power, which is important for a portable medical remote monitoring system
Charlet, Emilie. "Mouillage et orientation d’un film mince de cristal liquide colonnaire : de la détermination des propriétés optiques aux applications photovoltaïques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13653/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with columnar liquid crystal studied in the geometry of open supported thin films. Columnar liquid crystals are usually made of disk-shaped molecules derived from aromatic dyes. They are efficient charge transporters with the added capacity to self-assemble in large oriented domains. Consequently, such materials may be used in photovoltaic devices. In order to benefit from their good uniaxial charge mobility, their organization has to be controlled in uniform oriented thin films in the range of thicknesses of typically 100 nm. Homeotropic alignment (columns normal to the interface) is required for solar cells whereas uniaxial planar anchoring (columns parallel to the interface) is needed for applications such as polarizers or organic field effect transistor. Different methods to monitor the alignment in open thin films have been developed in this work, which make possible to achieve either homeotropic anchoring by a specific thermal treatment, or uniaxial planar orientation using a Teflon layer. Based on these orientation skills, a uniform ultra-thin film, free of dewetting and homeotropically oriented, is achieved (down to 50 nm thick) opening the way towards efficient solar cells, and a complete study of the optical properties has been performed (with the determination of the anisotropic complex indices) for different columnar liquid crystals. The dynamics of dewetting and the equilibrium state of a thin supported film have also been investigated. Experimental results show the formation of anisotropic droplets and reveal a nanometric film during dewetting
Laliberté, Maude. "Exploration et analyse éthique des facteurs influençant la priorisation des patients, ainsi que la fréquence et la durée des traitements en physiothérapie musculosquelettique." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20256.
Full textBolduc, Virginie. "Relation entre la structure et la fonction des artères cérébrales dans l’athérosclérose : impact des traitements cardioprotecteurs." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8301.
Full textLarge artery stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are markers of atherosclerosis. Stiffening of the carotid arteries contrast with the paradoxical increase in distensibility of cerebral arteries that was reported in the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension. However, our knowledge concerning the influence of atherosclerosis on cerebrovascular compliance and structure remains incomplete. By targeting the endothelium, atherosclerosis induces a severe cerebral endothelial dysfunction affecting chronically the cerebral blood flow and potentially leading to cognitive dysfunctions. Few studies have shown that the paradoxical increase in cerebrovascular distensibility is consistently reported in animal model of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases exhibiting a cerebral endothelial dysfunction. That being said, we hypothesized that the compliance and structure of cerebral arteries is essentially controlled by the endothelium. To validate our hypothesis, in a first study, we selected three distinct therapeutic approaches that modulated the cerebral endothelial function and the mechanical stress imposed to the vascular wall by lowering heart rate in a mouse model of atherosclerosis, LDLr-/-; hApoB-100+/+ during three months. Ivabradine, metroprolol and voluntary physical training protected, with different efficiencies, the cerebral flow-mediated dilation and this was reflected by a prevention, or not, of the increase in compliance. A 13.5 % heart rate reduction with ivabradine and metoprolol limited carotid artery stiffening. Voluntary physical training did not induce an overall reduction of heart rate explaining the lack of effect on carotid mechanics and suggesting that carotids compliance is more influenced by the mechanical stress imposed to the vascular wall by the cardiac cycle. In a second study, we confirmed our previous findings using a diatery approach that targeted more directly the endothelium, the polyphenol antioxidant catechin. Catechin was previously proven, by us and others, to reverse endothelial dysfunction, reduce inflammation and neutralize reactive oxygen species in diverse vascular beds from animal models of atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we found that catechin prevents adverse cerebral wall remodeling but, again, without a significant heart rate reduction, carotids remained stiff. We also integrated a new live imaging technology allowing us to confirm our findings in vivo and to demonstrate that endothelial, structural and mechanical protection by catechin can result in an improvement of basal cerebral blood flow. Finally, both studies identified metalloproteinase -9 as a potential player in the process leading the weakening of the cerebral artery walls. Taken together, our studies highlight that structural and biomechanical alterations are genuinely triggered by endothelial dysfunction. In carotids, mechanicals stress seems to be the main factor controlling remodeling. In essence, indirect protection of the endothelium impedes in cerebral vessels the remodeling processes, such as the activation of metalloproteinase -9. Numerous studies have revealed that vascular, especially cerebral endothelial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. When brain perfusion is compromised, the suboptimal energy delivery causes neuronal death. Deleterious cerebrovascular outcomes that promote the impairment of vasodilation and the encroachment of the lumen will limit cerebral blood flow in a chronic manner. Chronic treatment with ivabradine, voluntary physical training and catechin preserved the endothelial function, the structure and the mechanics of cerebral arteries, which guarantees a closer management of cerebral blow flow in atherosclerotic mice and a reduce propensity to develop cognitive deficiency.
Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec Dre Christine Des Rosiers
Leclerc, Bernard-Simon. "Analyse causale de facteurs anthropométriques, biochimiques, alimentaires et comportementaux sur les caroténoïdes plasmatiques d'une population âgée." Thèse, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14162.
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