Journal articles on the topic 'Indicatrix of scattering'

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1

Veselovska, G., and G. Khlopov. "Scattering indicatrix of snow crystals." RADIOFIZIKA I ELEKTRONIKA 21, no. 2 (June 22, 2016): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/rej2016.02.015.

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2

Petrov, N. I. "HOLOGRAPHIC DIFFUSERS WITH CONTROLLED SCATTERING INDICATRIX." Computer Optics 41, no. 6 (January 1, 2017): 831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-2017-41-6-831-836.

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3

Veselovska, G. B., and G. I. Khlopov. "SCATTERING INDICATRIX OF THE SNOW CRYSTALS." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 75, no. 17 (2016): 1527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v75.i17.20.

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4

Havryliuk, O. O., and O. Yu Semchuk. "Consideration of Boundary Conditions in the Scattering of Laser Radiation by Rough Fractal Surfaces." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 19, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.19.1.29-33.

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The work within the scalar theory of Kirchhoff, solved the problem of scattering of laser light rough surface for the simulation which used two-dimensional modified Weierstrass function with a finite number of harmonics. Based on the analytical solution found numerically calculated scattering indicatrix laser fractal surfaces of several types for different angles of incidence and created a catalog of various specific types of scattering surfaces based on the Weierstrass function and the corresponding three-dimensional scattering indicatrix ln < rs > . It is shown that when scattering light by a surface of a fractal relief, the law of mirror reflection is violated, and the scattering image contains bursts of intensity in different directions.
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5

Мустафаев, А. С., and В. С. Сухомлинов. "Определение индикатрисы упругого рассеяния электрона на атоме из зондовых измерений функции распределения рассеянных электронов в низковольтном пучковом разряде в инертных газах." Журнал технической физики 90, no. 4 (2020): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2020.04.49081.87-18.

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A method for the experimental determination of elastic scattering an electron by an atom indicatrix from probe measurements of the scattered electrons distribution function in the transit mode low voltage beam discharge. The Boltzmann kinetic equation was solved by the expansion method in series by the number of collisions, and the scattered part of the electron distribution function was experimentally determined by the planar one-sided probe method, which was previously developed by the authors for beam discharge studies. The method was tested in a plasma of a low-voltage He beam discharge. A good agreement between the experimentally measured elastic electron scattering indicatrix at an energy of 30 eV and known data on the differential cross section is obtained. It is shown that for the implementation of the developed method for determining the elastic scattering of an electron beam by atoms indicatrix, no a priori data required.
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6

Dragan, G. S., V. I. Santonii, G. L. Shyngarov, O. A. Rimashevsky, K. V. Kolesnikov, O. M. Shevchenko, and V. V. Yanko. "Scattering of laser radiation from condensed phase of heterogeneous smoky plasma." Physics of aerodisperse systems, no. 59 (November 8, 2021): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/0367-1631.2021.59.227308.

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A technique for research the spatial structures of the condensed phase grains in heterogeneous smoky plasma by determining the laser scattering indicatrix modulated with a frequency of 60 kHz in three spectral intervals was developed. An experimental stand was created to register the laser scattering indicatrix on the wavelengths of 808 nm, 630 nm and 532 nm in the scattering angles range from 0 to 170º with a measurement time of 3 seconds. A program of registration and processing of measurement results on a computer has been developed. Tests of the experimental complex on the flame of metalized fuel compositions were carried out.
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7

Dmitriev, M. V. "Experimental and theoretical study of stimulated Raman scattering indicatrix asymmetry." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 15, no. 1 (March 29, 2012): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo15.01.044.

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8

Karanjai, S., and M. Karanjai. "H-function for three-term scattering indicatrix." Astrophysics and Space Science 113, no. 1 (1985): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00650275.

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9

Karanjai, M., and S. Karanjai. "H-functions for four-term scattering indicatrix." Astrophysics and Space Science 165, no. 1 (1990): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00653664.

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10

Savel'ev, B. A., V. V. Larionov, B. V. Goryachev, S. B. Mogil'nitskii, and A. P. Kutlin. "Parametrization of the scattering indicatrix for a finite scattering medium." Soviet Physics Journal 28, no. 10 (October 1985): 797–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00897952.

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11

Syuy, Alexander Vjacheslavovich, Alexei A. Gabain, Natalia A. Teplyakova, Nikolay V. Sidorov, and Mikhail N. Palatnikov. "Kinetic Dependencies of the Photorefractive Effect in Lithium Niobate Crystals." Defect and Diffusion Forum 386 (September 2018): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.386.186.

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The kinetic dependence of the photorefractive effect in the congruent lithium niobate crystal is determined in the work. The adequacy of the model for calculating the photoelectric fields from the indicatrix of photoinduced light scattering is shown. Two methods for determining the induced birefringence by interferograms and on the parameters of photoinduced light scattering are compared.
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12

Shepelevich, N. V., I. V. Prostakova, and V. N. Lopatin. "Integral light-scattering indicatrix of optically soft spherical particles." Optics and Spectroscopy 89, no. 3 (September 2000): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1310714.

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13

Galimov, E. R., Yu A. Pryakhin, E. E. Tukbaev, N. Ya Galimova, and L. R. Fazlyev. "Formation of scattering indicatrix of retroreflective coatings with microspheres." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 240 (September 2017): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/240/1/012017.

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14

Shepelevich, Nikolay V., Inna V. Prostakova, and Valeri N. Lopatin. "Extrema in the light-scattering indicatrix of a homogeneous spheroid." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 63, no. 2-6 (September 1999): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4073(99)00024-2.

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15

Shepelevich, Nikolay V., Vladimir V. Lopatin, Valeri P. Maltsev, and Valeri N. Lopatin. "Extrema in the light-scattering indicatrix of a homogeneous sphere." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 1, no. 4 (January 1, 1999): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/1/4/305.

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16

Kittler, R. "Relative scattering indicatrix: Derivation from regular radiance/luminance distribution sky scans." Lighting Research and Technology 25, no. 3 (January 1, 1993): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719302500302.

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17

Merzlikin, V. G., V. G. Sutugin, L. K. Stifeev, and S. V. Khudyakov. "Registration Technique of Optical and Thermo Radiative Characteristics with Influence Compensation of Scattering Indicatrix of Heat-insulating and Thermal Barrier Materials and Coatings for Combustion Chambers of High Speed Diesel Engines." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 5, no. 2 (January 20, 2011): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69935.

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The experimental stand is developed for registration of reflection and transparence coefficients in visible and IR diapasons, characteristic for radiant components of thermal fluxes for combustion chambers of diesel engines, turbine blades and a surface of aero-space apparatuses. Distinctive feature of the stand is a spectral photometric sphere for influence indemnification of scattering indicatrix (phase function). Estimations of scattering and absorption indexes of experimental and model samples of a semitransparent ceramic material on the base of stabilized zirconium dioxide for probing laser radiation at the fixed wavelengths 0,63 µm; 1,15 µm; 3,39 µm were carried out.
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18

Matyushkin, L. B., O. A. Aleksandrova, and V. A. Moshnikov. "A device for measuring the scattering indicatrix of the nanomaterial synthesis process." Glass Physics and Chemistry 43, no. 3 (May 2017): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1087659617030063.

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19

Sapronov, M. V., N. M. Skornyakova, and S. S. Usmanova. "Development of optical diagnostic method for colloidal solutions based on elastic light scattering." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2127, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2127/1/012059.

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Abstract The work is devoted to colloidal solutions diagnostics by the optical method based on elastic light scattering by particles of the dispersed phase. The scheme of the developed optical electronic complex for recording the intensity of radiation scattered by colloidal particles is presented. The experimental study results of the elastic scattering of laser radiation on spherical nanometer-sized aluminum oxide particles suspended in water are represented. A method for measuring the scattering indicatrix based on the registration of radiation scattered in various directions and subsequent computer processing has been proposed. A method for reconstructing the particle size distribution function of colloidal solution dispersed phase by comparing the measured scattering indicators and their computer models has been developed. The method has been tested, as a result of which the size distribution function of aluminum oxide nanopowder particles has been restored.
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20

Likhachev, M. E., M. M. Bubnov, S. L. Semenov, V. F. Khopin, M. Yu Salganskii, A. N. Gur'yanov, and Evgenii M. Dianov. "Study of the radiation scattering indicatrix in fibres heavily doped with germanium oxide." Quantum Electronics 36, no. 5 (May 31, 2006): 464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2006v036n05abeh013159.

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21

Костылёв, Н. М., В. Я. Колючкин, and Р. О. Степанов. "Математическая модель распространения лазерного излучения в морской воде." Журнал технической физики 127, no. 10 (2019): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.10.48357.170-19.

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AbstractBased on the well-known models of optical properties of a seawater layer in the spectral range of 530–550 nm, a mathematical model of the propagation of laser radiation is proposed. The mathematical model is obtained by solving radiative transfer equation for a narrow beam using a few-parameter approximation of the scattering indicatrix of the seawater layer. The model makes it possible to determine the spatial distribution of irradiance at a given distance from the laser radiation source by the known Secchi disk depth. The results of numerical experiments for water areas with known optical properties are given.
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22

Aldama, Jennifer, Zhenqi Shi, Carlos Ortega-Zúñiga, Rodolfo J. Romañach, and Sergiy Lysenko. "Fractal and Polarization Properties of Light Scattering Using Microcrystalline Pharmaceutical Aggregates." Applied Spectroscopy 75, no. 1 (October 8, 2020): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702820949272.

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Fractal and polarization analysis of diffusively scattered light is applied to determine the complex relationship between fractal dimension of structural morphology and concentration of chemically active ingredients in two pharmaceutical mixture systems including a series of binary mixtures of acetaminophen in lactose and three multicomponent blends with a proprietary active ingredient. A robust approach is proposed to identify and filter out multiple- and single-scattering components of scattering indicatrix. The fractal dimension extracted from scattering field reveals complex structural details of the sample, showing strong dependence on low-dose drug concentration in the blend. Low-angle diffraction shows optical “halo” patterns near the angle of specular reflection caused by light refraction in microcrystalline aggregates. Angular measurements of diffuse reflection demonstrate noticeable dependence of Brewster's angle on drug concentration. It is shown that the acetaminophen microcrystals produce scattered light depolarization due to their optical birefringence. The light scattering measurement protocol developed for diffusively scattered light by microcrystalline pharmaceutical compositions provides a novel approach for the pattern recognition, analysis and classification of materials with a low concentration of active chemical ingredients.
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23

Rachkovskii, D. N. "Diffuse reflection and transmission of light by a medium with an arbitrary scattering indicatrix." Astronomy Reports 44, no. 8 (August 2000): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1306351.

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24

Barun, V. V. "Estimating the angular second moment of the scattering indicatrix of coarsely dispersed atmospheric aerosols." Journal of Optical Technology 67, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jot.67.000251.

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25

Maltsev, V. P., A. V. Chernyshev, K. A. Sem'yanov, and E. Soini. "Absolute real-time measurement of particle size distribution with the flying light-scattering indicatrix method." Applied Optics 35, no. 18 (June 20, 1996): 3275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.35.003275.

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26

Kittler, R., and S. Darula. "The Research Search For The Least Beneficial Overcast Sky And Progress In Defining Its Luminance Gradation Function." Building Research Journal 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/brj-2014-0012.

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Abstract Recently illuminance levels under ISO/CIE homogeneous standard sky types were characterised in their relative terms after ISO/CIE (2004, 2003) standardised as normalised by the luminance in the zenith. Sky luminance and horizontal illuminance based on the gradation and scattering indicatrix functions, including the extreme overcast cases frequently encountered in nature, were recently determined in absolute physical units of luminance in kilocandles per meter square and of illuminance in kilolux. The historical search to find energy and visibility critical sky luminance distributions shows a progression of steps in studying the worst or critical overcast situations. That progression has enabled the determination and evaluation of interior illuminance for comparison of the merits of dual daylighting and artificial lighting under established criteria for comfortable visibility.
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27

Kokodii, N. G., and A. O. Natarova. "Optical fiber diameter measurement by the diffraction method with digital processing of the light scattering indicatrix." Optics and Spectroscopy 121, no. 1 (July 2016): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x16070110.

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28

Sveleba, S., V. Kapustianik, I. Polovinko, M. Bublyk, and V. Zhmurko. "Behaviour of the optical indicatrix and small-angle light scattering in the case of “Devil's Staircase”." physica status solidi (b) 183, no. 1 (May 1, 1994): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2221830125.

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29

Lysenko, S. I., B. A. Snopok, V. A. Sterligov, and Yu M. Shirshov. "Statistical properties of surfaces: Features of the calculation of the autocovariance function from the scattering indicatrix." Optics and Spectroscopy 91, no. 5 (November 2001): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1420866.

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30

Sirotkin, A. M., M. Yu Ternovykh, G. V. Tikhomirov, and M. F. Khromova. "Comparative Analysis of Algorithms for Representing a Scattering Indicatrix in the Probabilistic Method of Discrete Ordinates." Atomic Energy 116, no. 5 (September 2014): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10512-014-9861-9.

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31

Sharygin, G. S., V. A. Gromov, and M. V. Krutikov. "Numerical modeling of Fraunhofer diffraction in the Huygens-Fresnel approximation and forward scattering indicatrix of aircrafts." Russian Physics Journal 55, no. 3 (August 2012): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11182-012-9805-6.

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32

Semenov, V. V. "Computer simulation of optical radiation scattering by aerosol media." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 86, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-8-43-48.

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Development of the technologies simulating optical processes in an arbitrary dispersed medium is one of the important directions in the field of optical instrumentation and can provide computer simulation of the processes instead of using expensive equipment in physical experiments. The goal of the study is simulation of scattering of optical radiation by aerosol media using the finite element method to show a practical significance of the results of virtual experiments. We used the following initial conditions of the model: radius of a spherical particle of distilled water is 1 μm, wavelength of the incident optical radiation is 0.6328 μm, air is a medium surrounding the particle. An algorithm for implementation of the model by the finite element method is proposed. A subprogram has been developed which automates a virtual experiment for a group of particles to form their random arrangement in the model and possibility of changing their geometric shape and size within predetermined intervals. Model dependences of the radiation intensity on the scattering angle for single particle and groups of particles are presented. Simulation of the light transmission through a dispersed medium provides development of a given photosensor design and determination of the minimum number of photodetectors when measuring the parameters of the medium under study via analysis of the indicatrix of scattering by a group of particles.
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33

Chukhovskii, F. N., and B. S. Roshchin. "Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering in a twofold rough-interface medium: a new theoretical approach using theq-eigenwave formalism." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 71, no. 6 (October 20, 2015): 612–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273315016666.

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Based on the rigorous Green function formalism to describe the grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) problem, a system of two linked integral equations is derived with respect to amplitudes of the reflected and transmitted planeq-eigenwaves (eigenstatefunctions) propagating through two homogeneous media separated from each other by a rough surface interface. To build up the coupled solutions of these basic equations beyond the perturbation theory constraint 2kσθ0< 1, a simple iteration procedure is proposed as opposed to the self-consistent wave approach [Chukhovskii (2011).Acta Cryst.A67, 200–209; Chukhovski (2012).Acta Cryst.A68, 505–512]. Using the first-order iteration, analytical expressions for the averaged specular and non-specular scattering intensity distributions have been obtained. These expressions are further analysed in terms of the GISAXS parameters {k, θ, θ0} and surface finish ones \{ \sigma, \ell, h\}, where θ and θ0are the scattering and incidence angles of the X-rays, respectively, σ is the root-mean-square roughness, \ell is the correlation length,his the fractal surface model index,k= 2π/λ, and λ is the X-ray wavelength. A direct way to determine the surface finish parameters from the experimental specular and diffuse scattering indicatrix scan data is discussed for an example of GISAXS measurements from rough surfaces of α-quartz and CdTe samples.
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34

Lyubimov, V. V., and A. V. Chemezov. "On the effect of the width of the scattering indicatrix on the dispersion of photon density waves in a strongly scattering medium." Optics and Spectroscopy 100, no. 1 (January 2006): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x06010164.

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35

Karanjai, S., and T. K. Deb. "An exact solution of the equation of transfer with three-term scattering indicatrix in an exponential atmosphere." Astrophysics and Space Science 179, no. 1 (1991): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00642355.

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36

Маковецкий, А. А., А. А. Замятин, and Д. В. Ряховский. "Исследование оптических свойств многомодового кварцевого оптического волокна с отражающей оболочкой из фторированного термопластичного полимера." Журнал технической физики 127, no. 9 (2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.09.48206.107-19.

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Optical properties silica - polymeric optical fiber with a core with a diameter of 430 microns and the reflecting cover 70 microns thick from thermoplastic copolymer of a tetraftoretilen with ethylene (Tefzel brand) are experimentally investigated. The polymeric cover is applied on silica fiber with applicator from polimer melt directly on drowing tower. Optical losses of the fiber, a numerical aperture and its dependence on fiber length are measured. It is established that at propagation of light in fiber its noticeable scattering is observed. It is connected with crystallinity of polymeric cover. Distribution of intensity of scattered radiation along an axis of fiber and an indicatrix of dispersion of radiation by a coating are measured. Relative deposits of dispersion and absorption of light in a cover at the general optical losses of fiber are estimated. The possibility of use of optical fibers of this structure in laser medicine is considered.
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37

Aleshin, Nikolay P., Nikolay V. Krysko, Nikita A. Shchipakov, and Leonid Yu Mogilner. "Optimization of mechanized ultrasonic testing parameters for extended welds." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 10, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 574–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2020-10-6-574-585.

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The requirements for the speed, pitch and scanning direction, and also for ensuring acoustic contact maintenance and taking into account the anisotropy of rolled products during mechanized ultrasonic testing of extended welds of steel structures are formulated based on the research conducted and the analysis of the literature data on the conditions of diagnostics for main pipelines facilities. The relevance of the work is determined by a large amount of welded joints inspection, including butt and longitudinal pipe welds, casings of pig-trap stations, filters of different application purposes, and steel tank wall structures. The article formulates the general principles of choosing mechanized scanning parameters and shows the need to consider ultrasound scattering indicatrix on various defects. The issues of setting the monitoring parameters are considered, including the possibility of using vertical drilling (vertical cylindrical reflector) for the adjustment and check of the equipment during mechanized scanning.
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38

Boginskaya, I. A., I. V. Bykov, A. V. Gusev, A. V. Dorofeenko, K. A. Mailyan, I. A. Ryzhikov, and M. V. Sedova. "Application of method of light scattering indicatrix analysis for study of microstructure of poly(p-xylylene)-silver nanocomposites." Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin 70, no. 3 (May 2015): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0027131415030025.

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39

Pogorelov, V. I. "Coherent scattering indicatrix for arbitrary medium inhomogeneities the general mathematical solution and feasibility of a fast computer code." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 58, no. 8-9 (June 1996): 979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(95)00128-x.

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40

Ustinov, A. V. "Procedure for computing the scattering indicatrix in the optical range on the basis of a reflection coefficient etalon." Measurement Techniques 39, no. 12 (December 1996): 1210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02375408.

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41

Kalaev, М. P., А. М. Telegin, K. E. Voronov, Jiang Lixiang, and Jiao Jilong. "Investigation of optical glass characteristics under the influence of space factors." Computer Optics 43, no. 5 (October 2019): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-2019-43-5-803-809.

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The paper describes a DF-OPTICS device that the present authors designed for the experimental study of changes in the optical properties of a glass whose surface is exposed to high-speed flows of micron-sized dust particles. The device allows the scattering indicatrix and the spectral transmittance to be automatically measured at each point of the sample with a 0.5-mm increment. Advantages of the developed device include small dimensions and the ability to work in vacuum, allowing it to be used in an accelerator chamber to simulate outer space factors. Experimental results for the K-8 glass put in a microparticle accelerator and bombarded by an aluminum powder PAP-1 with a characteristic size of 1-3 µm and speeds of 2-8 km / s are presented. The device makes it possible to measure the change of the spectral transmittance of transparent materials in the UV and RGB regions with an accuracy of 0.005%, which exceeds the sensitivity of some known spectrophotometers.
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42

Kurchenkov, A. Yu, and V. D. Sidorenko. "Estimating changes in the doppler effect in correcting for nuclear thermal motion and the resonant behavior of the scattering cross section in the scattering indicatrix." Atomic Energy 82, no. 4 (April 1997): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02418958.

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43

Zamyatin, A. A., A. A. Makovetskii, I. P. Shilov, and D. V. Lapshin. "Study of the optical parameters of a silica-polymeric optical fiber with a reflective coating made of a thermoplastic fluoropolymer." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 86, no. 7 (July 18, 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-7-27-32.

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Silica optical fibers (OF) having a core diameter of 400 – 800 μm made of biocompatible materials are widely used in laser medicine. The results of studying the optical parameters of novel silica-polymeric optical fiber with a reflective thermoplastic copolymer coating (tetrafluoroethylene – ethylene) and the influence of coating conditions on these optical parameters are presented. Coatings from polymer melt were applied to the silica fiber surface by orifice drawing. The numerical aperture of the drawn OF was measured by distribution of the laser radiation emerging from OF in the far field. The optical losses were determined by the distribution of the radiation scattered by the reflective coating along the OF length. The scattering parameters of the laser radiation transmitted through OF were estimated by the intensity and indicatrix of scattering. We studied OF samples up to 50 m in length with a silica core of about 400 μm in diameter and reflective coating with a thickness of 70 – 90 μm, the reflective coating also performed a protective function. The quality of applied coating and optical parameters of the OF samples depended on the speed of fiber drawing (coating speed) Vd. A smooth coating was obtained at Vd ≤ 2 m/min. When Vd > 2 m/min the coating became rough, turning into the so-called «shark skin» at Vd = 6 m/min. Observed scattering of radiation passing through the studied OF samples was attributed to the polymer structure which contained both crystalline and amorphous phases with different values of the refractive index. The smallest scattering was observed in a smooth-coated OF. The total optical loss at a wavelength λ = 532 nm amounted to 300 – 720 dB/km (a nominal numerical aperture was 0.44). Short (1.5 – 3 m) OF samples were shown to provide a transmission of 80 – 93% of the input power.
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44

Zubko, E. S., and Yu G. Shkuratov. "Calculation of the scattering indicatrix of systems of spheres based on the dimensionless formulation of the solution of the mie problem." Optics and Spectroscopy 90, no. 6 (June 2001): 849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1380779.

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Gavrilovich, A. B. "Analytical solution of the radiation transfer equation for a three-dimensional volume of a disperse medium with an arbitrary scattering indicatrix." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 82, no. 3 (May 2009): 522–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10891-009-0225-6.

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46

Zhakamikhov, Kh M. "Numerical simulation of the scattering indicatrix, linear polarization rate, and depolarization factor in the developing convective cloud for millimeter and centimeter wavelengths." Russian Meteorology and Hydrology 39, no. 10 (October 2014): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068373914100045.

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47

Bezugla, Natalia, Serhii Poluectov, Vladyslav Chornyi, and Mikhail Bezuglyi. "MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF LIGHT SCATTERING IN HUMAN SKIN LAYERS BY SPATIAL PHOTOMETRY METHODS." Bulletin of Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. Series Instrument Making, no. 61(1) (June 30, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1970.61(1).2021.237112.

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The ability to register and analyze the spatial distribution of light scattered within the full solid angle is the basis for the development and improvement of information-measuring systems and software and hardware complexes for problems of optical biomedical diagnostics. The greatest contribution to light scattering at non-invasive methods of biomedical research are made by the layers of human skin, affecting the depth of probing and the resolution of diagnostic systems. The significant individual variability of the optical properties of biological tissues does not allow practically (clinically) assessing their effect on the light scattering characteristics; therefore, the use of methods for modeling the optical radiation propagation in media in the measuring tools functioning context makes it possible to provide such a prognostic analysis. The goal of this work is a comparative evaluation of the results of the light propagation in human skin layers by Monte Carlo simulation using information-measuring systems of a biomedical photometer with ellipsoidal reflectors and a goniophotometer. The Monte Carlo simulation results of light scattering in dermis and epidermis at a wavelength of 632.8 nm using spatial photometry methods and the "BT_Mod" software, as well as coordinates, direction, and statistical weight of photons, allows the ray-tracing in a biomedical photometer with ellipsoidal reflectors are presented in this work. As a result of modeling, graphs of the dependence of optical coefficients (transmission T, diffuse reflection Rd, and absorption A) for the studied tissues of various thicknesses on the value of the scattering anisotropy factor were obtained, as well as photometric images of the second focal plane of ellipsoidal reflectors when receiving a scattering spot in reflected and transmitted light. Diagrams of the averaged scattering indicatrix at three thicknesses of the epidermis and dermis were obtained for a set of biophysically significant values of the scattering anisotropy factor, based on which the integral distribution of the photons statistical weight in diffuse scattered light was analyzed. A quantitative assessment of the illuminance level of images is carried out according to the zone analysis principles in photometry by ellipsoidal reflectors. The resulting graphs of the illuminance dependence the external and middle rings of photometric images in reflected and transmitted light. The results of the research make it possible to analyze the spatial distribution of light scattered by the human skin layers (epidermis and dermis) within the full solid angle, which can be used in problems of optical dosimetry and medical imaging in diagnostic, endoscopic, and therapeutic methods of biophotonics.
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48

Remizovich, V. S., and Sh A. Shekhmamet'ev. "Diffusive propagation of radiation in an absorbing dispersion medium with highly elongated scattering indicatrix in the case of an obliquely incident broad beam." Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 33, no. 2 (February 1990): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01040817.

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Gavrilovich, A. B., and N. Ya Radyno. "Solution of the boundary-value problem for the equation of radiation transfer in a limited volume of a dispersion medium with a linear scattering indicatrix." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 79, no. 2 (March 2006): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10891-006-0091-4.

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50

Kapylov, E. L., V. V. Neyolov, A. A. Samorodov, and B. A. Samorodov. "Evaluation of systematic error of measuring object scattering diagrams caused by quasimonostatic character of measurement scheme using irradiator’s assembly sets in anechoic chamber of collimator type." Issues of radio electronics 49, no. 5 (July 5, 2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2020-5-17-27.

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The main factors causing the occurrence of systematic errors in measuring the backscatter patterns of targets when using irradiator assemblies in collimator type radar measuring complexes are considered. It is shown that the implementation of a quasimonostatic measurement scheme with a bistatic angle determined by spatial separation of the phase centers of irradiators assembly is the most significant factor in the experimental determination of the backscattering characteristics of reflectors with highlighted directed properties, to which the monostatic-bistatic equivalence theorem is not applicable. To quantify the influence of this factor, it is proposed to use indicators characterizing the decrease of the maximum and average recorded cross-section of trihedral corner reflectors within the main lobe of the backscatter diagram, determined by the half power level. The listed indicators do not take into account the non-flatness of the phase surface of the probe field, however, they can be considered as reasonably justified lower bounds for systematic measurement errors for each irradiators assembly. Using the mathematical modeling, mono- and bistatic cross-section diagrams of trihedral corner reflectors of various wave sizes with different face shapes were calculated, error estimation for their backscattering diagrams were determined using a set of irradiator assemblies. Ratios are obtained for estimating of width of the lobe of the bistatic scattering indicatrix at the level of –3 dB of trihedral corner reflectors with triangular, radial, and square face shapes, and a recommendation on the rational choice of the working frequency of the assembly when implementing large-scale electrodynamic modeling is made.
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