Journal articles on the topic 'Indians (N.A.): Osage'
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Morska, Izabela. "Animality as an excuse for murder: David Grann and Killers of the Flower Moon." Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching, no. 19/4 (December 8, 2022): 97–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/bp.2022.4.04.
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This paper examines the investigative nonfiction book Killers of the Flower Moon: The Osage Murders and the Birth of the FBI by David Grann, which explores a series of murders of vulnerable members of the Osage tribe that took place in northeastern Oklahoma between 1918 and 1931. Grann’s account reveals how white citizens, ranchers, and townsfolk conspired against their Native American neighbors in a scheme involving poisoning, arson, deception, and falsified death certificates. The direct motivation for these crimes was greed triggered by income from oil deposits discovered in the land where the Osage were relocated after a century of broken treaties and other misfortunes. Furthermore, the paper explores how the supposed animality of the victims was employed to conceal and excuse genocidal tendencies against Native tribes, and how contemporary Native American accounts attest to their sense of unreality, resulting in the unclear status and uncanny subsistence of a living person reduced to the status of a ghost. In a broader perspective this paper discusses the colonization of America and its impact on the indigenous tribes who already inhabited the land. The demeaning metaphor of Indians as beasts yielded to a more palatable representation of the Noble Savage, but the accusations of bestiality returned when the tribes attempted to protect their way of living. The colonizers believed that by not cultivating the land and not building large, permanent communities, the indigenous tribes had forfeited their title to the land; those who resisted were conveniently labeled as pests to justify their inevitable erasure. The paper recalls rarely cited evidence, dating back to the history of the suppression of the 1652 Irish rebellion, to examine the multitudinous ways in which language played an important part in justifying the supposed animality of the indigenous people and eradicating them to make room for governmentauthorized settlers.
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King, Sandra M., and A. L. Morehart. "Tissue Culture of Osage-orange." HortScience 23, no. 3 (June 1988): 613–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.3.613.
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Abstract The influence of explant (shoot-tip, node, or internode), growth regulators, liquid pretreatment, and Murashige and Skoog (MS) salt concentrations on callus, shoot, and root production was determined for Osage-orange [Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid]. Shoots proliferated from both shoot-tip (three shoots/explant) and nodal (two shoots/explant) sections, but not from internodes. Optimum growth regulator concentrations for shoot proliferation were 0.5 µm IBA, 6 µm BA, and 3 µm GA. A 48-hr pretreatment of liquid-modified MS medium (MMS) did not enhance shoot proliferation. Internode sections produced more callus than shoot-tip or nodal sections with the highest production (620 mm3) on MMS medium plus 0.5 µm IBA and 4 µm BA. Micropropagated shoots rooted best on half-strength MS salts plus 2.5 µm IBA. Plant-let survival in the greenhouse after 2 months was > 70%. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA), 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), gibberellic acid (GA).
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Yehnert, Curtis A., Richard E. Meyer, and Keith Cunningham. "American Indians' Kitchen-Table Stories: Contemporary Conversations with Cherokee, Sioux, Hopi, Osage, Navajo, Zuni, and Members of Other Nations." Journal of American Folklore 111, no. 442 (1998): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/541055.
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Conathan, Lisa. "Osage Grammar. By Carolyn Quintero. Studies in the Anthropology of North American Indians. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004. Pp. 490." International Journal of American Linguistics 73, no. 3 (July 2007): 370–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/521733.
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Rodriguez, Joel, and Ramaswami Mahalingam. "Essentialism, Power and Cultural Psychology of Gender." Journal of Cognition and Culture 3, no. 2 (2003): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853703322148525.
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AbstractThis paper describes the results of our study of folk theories of Americans (N = 147) and Indians (Brahmins, N = 93; Dalits, N = 93), using a brain transplant paradigm. We found significant cultural differences between Americans and Indians (p < .001). The majority of Americans believed that a brain transplant would result in change in gender behavior whereas the majority of Indians, particularly Brahmin males, believed that a brain transplant would change only the gender behavior of men not women. Qualitative analysis of open-ended responses found that American men believed in the computational model of identity, whereas American women believed in the distributed notion of identity. Among Indians, Brahmin males believed in the biological notion of identity more than any other group.
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McPoil, Thomas G., Wesley Yamada, Wayne Smith, and Mark Cornwall. "The Distribution of Plantar Pressures in American Indians with Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 91, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-91-6-280.
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The primary purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude and duration of plantar pressures acting on the feet of American Indians with diabetes mellitus. A secondary purpose was to determine whether differences in the range of motion of the ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joints existed between American Indians with and without diabetes. Three groups of American Indian subjects were tested: a control group (n = 20); a group with diabetes but no peripheral neuropathy (n = 24); and a group with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy (n = 21). A floor-mounted pressure sensor platform was used to collect plantar pressure data while subjects walked barefoot. The results indicated that American Indians with diabetes have 1) a pattern of peak plantar pressure similar to patterns previously reported for non–American Indians with diabetes and 2) a reduction in ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion in comparison with nondiabetic American Indians. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(6): 280-287, 2001)
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Rohla, Charles T., Michael W. Smith, Niels O. Maness, and William Reid. "A Comparison of Return Bloom and Nonstructural Carbohydrates, Nitrogen, and Potassium Concentrations in Moderate and Severe Alternate-bearing Pecan Cultivars." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132, no. 2 (March 2007): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.132.2.172.
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The most significant horticultural problem facing pecan producers is alternate bearing. Four pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] cultivars were chosen, two with low to moderate and two with severe alternate-bearing tendencies, to compare selected characteristics related to irregular bearing. The cultivars were Colby and Peruque (low to medium alternate-bearing tendency) and Osage and Giles (high alternate-bearing tendency). Vegetative shoots and fruit-bearing shoots in the terminal and lateral position on 1-year-old branches were tagged in October, and flowering was determined the next spring. Shoot and root samples were collected while dormant and then analyzed for organically bound nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations. As expected, ‘Colby’ and ‘Peruque’ had a lower alternate-bearing tendency than ‘Giles’ and ‘Osage’. Cultivars with a low alternate-bearing tendency had a larger return bloom on the bearing shoots in the terminal position than the other shoot types. Cultivars with a high alternate-bearing tendency had a lower return bloom on bearing terminal shoots than vegetative shoots. Bearing shoots in the lateral position usually had a lower return bloom than the other shoot types regardless of cultivar. Neither root nor shoot N, K, or nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations appeared to be closely related to the alternate-bearing characteristics of the four cultivars. The unique characteristic identified for low alternate-bearing cultivars was their ability to produce as many or more flowers and flowering shoots the next year on previously bearing terminal shoots compared with previously vegetative shoots. In high alternate-bearing cultivars, return bloom of bearing terminal shoots was suppressed relative to their vegetative shoots.
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Harris, Edward F. "Oral Tori in the Ticuna Indians, Colombia." Dental Anthropology Journal 7, no. 2 (September 8, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v7i2.262.
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Zhang, Yifan, Ranjita Misra, and Usha Sambamoorthi. "Prevalence of Multimorbidity among Asian Indian, Chinese, and Non-Hispanic White Adults in the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 3336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093336.
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Asian Americans are the fastest-growing minority group in the United States, yet little is known about their multimorbidity. This study examined the association of Asian Indians, Chinese and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) to multimorbidity, defined as the concurrent presence of two or more chronic conditions in the same individual. We used a cross-sectional design with data from the National Health Interview Survey (2012–2017) of Asian Indians, Chinese, and NHWs (N = 132,666). Logistic regressions were used to examine the adjusted association of race/ethnicity to multimorbidity. There were 1.9% Asian Indians, 1.8% Chinese, and 96.3% NHWs. In unadjusted analyses (p < 0.001), 17.1% Asian Indians, 17.9% Chinese, and 39.0% NHWs had multimorbidity. Among the dyads, high cholesterol and hypertension were the most common combination of chronic conditions among Asian Indians (32.4%), Chinese (41.0%), and NHWs (20.6%). Asian Indians (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI = (0.61, 0.89)) and Chinese (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI = (0.53, 0.75)) were less likely to have multimorbidity compared to NHWs, after controlling for age, sex, and other risk factors. However, Asian Indians and Chinese were more likely to have high cholesterol and hypertension, risk factors for diabetes and heart disease.
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Sharma, Karuna. "Evaluation of obturation techniques in primary teeth among Indians." Bioinformation 19, no. 13 (December 31, 2023): 1324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300191324.
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Evaluation of four distinct obturating methods namely endodontic pressure syringe (n=40), reamers (n=40), Lentulo spirals driven through slow-speed handpiece (n=40) and incremental filling technique (n=4) using zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) paste as obturating material in deciduous teeth is of interest to dentist. Hence, we are interested determining the effective obturation methodology using CBCT. Handpiece driven lentuspirals helped in optimum obturation in high percentage of root canals. Low percentage of optimally filled root canals was observed in reamers technique. Moreover, under filled root canals was low in lentuspirals technique of obturation. Thus, overfilled root canals were high in endodontic pressure syringe and reamers obturation technique.
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Narayan, K. M. Venkat, Dimple Kondal, Sayuko Kobes, Lisa R. Staimez, Deepa Mohan, Unjali P. Gujral, Shivani A. Patel, et al. "Incidence of diabetes in South Asian young adults compared to Pima Indians." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 9, no. 1 (March 2021): e001988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001988.
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IntroductionSouth Asians (SA) and Pima Indians have high prevalence of diabetes but differ markedly in body size. We hypothesize that young SA will have higher diabetes incidence than Pima Indians at comparable body mass index (BMI) levels.Research design and methodsWe used prospective cohort data to estimate age-specific, sex, and BMI-specific diabetes incidence in SA aged 20–44 years living in India and Pakistan from the Center for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia Study (n=6676), and compared with Pima Indians, from Pima Indian Study (n=1852).ResultsAt baseline, SA were considerably less obese than Pima Indians (BMI (kg/m2): 24.4 vs 33.8; waist circumference (cm): 82.5 vs 107.0). Age-standardized diabetes incidence (cases/1000 person-years, 95% CI) was lower in SA than in Pima Indians (men: 14.2, 12.2–16.2 vs 37.3, 31.8–42.8; women: 14.8, 13.0–16.5 vs 46.1, 41.2–51.1). Risk of incident diabetes among 20–24-year-old Pima men and women was six times (relative risk (RR), 95% CI: 6.04, 3.30 to 12.0) and seven times (RR, 95% CI: 7.64, 3.73 to 18.2) higher as compared with SA men and women, respectively. In those with BMI <25 kg/m2, however, the risk of diabetes was over five times in SA men than in Pima Indian men. Among those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, diabetes incidence in SA men was nearly as high as in Pima men. SA and Pima Indians had similar magnitude of association between age, sex, BMI, and insulin secretion with diabetes. The effect of family history was larger in SA, whereas that of insulin resistance was larger in Pima IndiansConclusionsIn the background of relatively low insulin resistance, higher diabetes incidence in SA is driven by poor insulin secretion in SA men. The findings call for research to improve insulin secretion in early natural history of diabetes.
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Threlfall, Renee T., John R. Clark, Aubrey N. Dunteman, and Margaret L. Worthington. "Identifying Marketable Attributes of Fresh-market Blackberries through Consumer Sensory Evaluations." HortScience 56, no. 1 (January 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15483-20.
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Breeding and release of new fresh-market blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) is vital for competitive markets to address evolving changes and production challenges. Physical, composition, and sensory attributes of six University of Arkansas (UA) System Division of Agriculture blackberry cultivars (Caddo, Natchez, Osage, Ouachita, Ponca, and Prime-Ark® Traveler) were evaluated to identify marketable attributes. The consumer sensory study (n = 81) had two elements: a visual evaluation of displayed blackberries and an appearance, tasting, and firmness evaluation of the six cultivars using a 9-point verbal hedonic liking scale and a 5-point just about right (JAR) scale. Consumers preferred large blackberries when presented with individual berries of varying sizes and clamshells filled with equal weights of small or large blackberries. The largest of the six cultivars, Natchez and Caddo, were scored favorably for size and shape. Consumers also preferred clamshells with little to no red drupelet reversion, a postharvest disorder where black drupelets on the blackberry turn red during or after cold storage. Consumers did not detect differences in the appearance or firmness of the cultivars and rated the firmness of all cultivars favorably on the JAR scale. The physical and composition attributes of the six cultivars were within commercially acceptable ranges (soluble solids = 9% to 10%, pH = 3.1–3.8, titratable acidity = 0.6% to 1.4%, and berry weight = 6–10 g). ‘Ponca’, ‘Osage’, ‘Caddo’, and ‘Natchez’ were all rated highly for sweetness, sourness, overall flavor, and overall impression. ‘Ponca’ was rated high for sweetness, overall flavor, and overall impression and had 10.4% soluble solids, 0.82% titratable acidity, and a 12.8 soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio. The identification of these marketability attributes of fresh-market blackberries will provide information to advance breeding efforts for fruit with commercial potential.
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Keim, Kathryn S., Janyce Cagan Agruss, Ellen M. Williams, Louis Fogg, Ann Minnick, Catherine Catrambone, and Steven Rothschild. "Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Preferences of a Sample of Urban American Indians." Home Health Care Management & Practice 23, no. 6 (June 14, 2011): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822311405458.
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This study identified program delivery preferences and barriers to physical activity and healthy eating. Ninety-nine urban dwelling American Indians completed a questionnaire at powwows, community events, and a community health center. Most frequently selected program delivery preferences were coaching or other human contact, with fewer willing to use computer or telephone coaching. Fifty-six selected attending 8, 12, or 16 sessions. Most frequently selected barriers to physical activity were lack of time ( n = 48) and pain from existing problems ( n = 33). Frequently identified barriers to eating healthy foods included expense ( n = 42), uncertainty regarding what foods are healthy ( n = 25), extra time needed for preparation ( n = 22), and lack of knowledge of how to prepare healthy food ( n = 22). Findings showed the need for programs to focus on decreasing the barriers of time for physical activity and healthy eating and encourage doing organized physical activity (not necessarily exercise) with others to increase physical activity.
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Kumar Tiwari, Gyanesh, Anil Kumar Kashyap, Pramod Kumar Rai, Raghavendra Prasad Tiwari, and Ruchi Pandey. "Collective Affirmation in Action: Understanding the Success of Lockdown in India During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Research & Health 12, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jrh.12.3.1992.1.
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Background: This study explores the role of collective affirmation in attracting mass cooperation to motivate people to observe preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Using a qualitative research design, a heterogeneous sample (n=32) comprising postgraduate (n=10) and doctorates (n=22) was chosen and the data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The interview contents were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed via the thematic analysis method. Results: Five themes were generated in this study: perceived psychological distress, pandemic as a serious challenge to the national interest and human existence, the Janata curfew as a positive faith of the government in the abilities of Indians, lockdown as a strong faith of the government in the unshakable support of the Indians and strong affinity and pride of the Indians in their cultural heritage. The novelty, suddenness, and incurability of COVID-19 caused a set of perceived psychological distress and danger to individual and collective life. The Janata (public) curfew was perceived as a curfew of the people, by the people, and for the people. The lockdown denoted a strong faith of the Indian government in the positive virtues of the Indian people and vice versa. The mass support and adherence to the suggested preventive government measures were facilitated by collective affirmation of the well-known positive Indian cultural values (e.g. humanism, interdependence, collective pride, compassion, universal brotherhood, and so on) to the world. Conclusion: Collective affirmation inherent in the Indian cultural values catalyzed mass behavior change in the form of adherence to the essential restrictions and recommendations. Collective affirmation may have occurred because of the perceived faith of the government in the virtues of the Indians and their perceived administrative capability of the government. A culture-specific collective affirmation seems to emerge which initiated mass behavior changes leading to a successful lockdown.
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Scarton, Lisa J., and Mary de Groot. "Emotional and Behavioral Aspects of Diabetes in American Indians/Alaska Natives." Health Education & Behavior 44, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198116639289.
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American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) bear a disproportionate burden of diabetes and associated long-term complications. Behavioral interventions play a vital role in promoting diabetes medical and psychological outcomes, yet the development of interventions for AI/AN communities has been limited. A systematic review was conducted of studies focused on the psychosocial and behavioral aspects of diagnosed diabetes among AI/ANs. Ovid and PubMed databases and published reference lists were searched for articles published between 1987 and 2014 that related to the psychosocial and behavioral aspects of type 1 or type 2 diabetes in the AI/AN population. Twenty studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Nineteen studies were observational and one study was intervention based. Two of the studies used community-based participatory research methodology. Of the 20 studies, 2 discussed cultural influences associated with diabetes self-management and 10 identified the specific tribes that participated in the study. Tribal affiliations among the studies were broad with the number of AI/AN participants in each study ranging from 30 to 23,529 participants. Emotional and behavioral topics found in the literature were adherence ( n = 2), depression ( n = 9), physical activity ( n = 3), psychosocial barriers ( n = 1), social support ( n = 3), and stress ( n = 2). Relatively few studies were identified using AI/AN populations over a 27-year period. This is in stark contrast to what is known about the prevalence and burden that type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus place on AI/AN communities. Future research should promote community engagement through the use of community-based participatory research methodologies, seek to further understand and describe the emotional and behavioral context for diabetes self-management in this population, and develop and test innovative interventions to promote the best possible diabetes outcomes.
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Gill, Supria K., Ricardo F. Muñoz, and Yan Leykin. "The Influence of Perceived Stress and Depression on Suicide-Related Beliefs in Caucasian and Indian Adults." Crisis 39, no. 2 (March 2018): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000492.
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Abstract. Background and Aims: Suicidality research in developing countries, including India, faces logistical and cultural challenges. Technology may help address these challenges and offer data to providers treating a diverse clientele. Method: The relationship between perceived stress and suicide-related beliefs was examined in two populations: Indians in India (n = 374) and Caucasians in English-speaking countries (n = 326); the influence of depression on that relationship was also explored. The study was conducted via an Internet-based survey. Results: Three-way interactions (Ethnicity × Perceived stress × Depression status) were observed, predicting strength of the belief that suicide is a solution to problems, F(1,679) = 4.18, p < .05, and that suicide is a good option if quality of life worsens, F(1,675) = 9.53, p < .01. For both beliefs, Caucasians screening positive for depression exhibited the strongest relationship between stress and suicide-related beliefs; for Indians, that relationship was not moderated by depression status. Caucasians also exhibited a stronger association between higher stress and greater belief strength that suicide is a good option assuming a steady quality of life than did Indians, F(1,680) = 6.05, p < .05. Limitations: Participants were recruited through a depression screening website; results may not generalize to those who are uninterested in depression screening or to those who are unwilling or unable to use the internet for that purpose. Conclusion: Our findings may help to better target interventions to reduce suicidality, for example, employ stress reduction techniques for Caucasians who are depressed, and monitor suicidality for Indians reporting high stress regardless of depression.
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Santiago-Torres, Margarita, Kristin E. Mull, Brianna M. Sullivan, Diana M. Kwon, Patricia Nez Henderson, Lonnie A. Nelson, Christi A. Patten, and Jonathan B. Bricker. "Efficacy and Utilization of Smartphone Applications for Smoking Cessation Among American Indians and Alaska Natives: Results From the iCanQuit Trial." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 24, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 544–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab213.
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Abstract Introduction There is tremendous need for efficacious and accessible interventions for smoking cessation among American Indians and Alaska Natives. We tested the efficacy of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based smartphone application (iCanQuit) versus US Clinical Practice Guidelines-based smartphone application (QuitGuide) for smoking cessation among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Aims and Methods We compared cessation, changes in ACT-based processes, engagement and satisfaction between American Indian and Alaska Native iCanQuit (n = 89) and QuitGuide (n = 80) participants enrolled in the iCanQuit trial. The primary outcome was self-reported, complete-case, 30-day point-prevalence abstinence. Follow-up timepoints were 12, 6, and 3 months. Results Randomized American Indians and Alaska Natives from 31 US states (70% urban, 30% rural, with 25% of participants residing on tribal land). The outcome data retention rates were 93%, 92%, and 90% at the 12-, 6-, and 3-month follow-ups, respectively, with no differential retention between arms. The 30-day point-prevalence abstinence for iCanQuit versus QuitGuide was 30% versus 18% at 12 months (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90 to 4.26) 25% versus 11% at 6 months (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.06 to 6.45), and 15% versus 6% at 3 months (OR = 2.93; 95% CI: 0.90 to 9.59). Increases in acceptance of internal cues to smoke mediated the effect of treatment on smoking cessation at 12 months. iCanQuit arm participants were also significantly more engaged and satisfied with their assigned application. Conclusions In a nationwide sample with high data retention and participant engagement, this is the first study to show that a digital intervention may be efficacious for helping American Indians and Alaska Natives quit smoking. Implications This is the first study to provide evidence of an efficacious, accessible, and engaging treatment for helping American Indians and Alaska Natives quit smoking. Compared to a US Clinical Practice Guidelines-based smartphone application (QuitGuide), an ACT-based smartphone application (iCanQuit) was more efficacious, engaging, and satisfactory among American Indians and Alaska Natives nationwide. Our results will inform the tailoring of the iCanQuit smartphone application for American Indian and Alaska Native tribal communities and organizations with potential for broad dissemination and high impact.
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Taniguchi, Tori, Alyson Haslam, Wenjie Sun, Margaret Sisk, Jann Hayman, and Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan. "Impact of a Farm-to-School Nutrition and Gardening Intervention for Native American Families from the FRESH Study: A Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial." Nutrients 14, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 2601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14132601.
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Establishing healthy eating habits during childhood is critical to prevent chronic diseases that develop in adulthood. Tribally owned Early Childhood and Education (ECE) programs signify fundamental influence in childhood obesity disparities. A strategy to improve diet is the use of school gardens; however, few studies have used rigorous methods to assess diet and health outcomes. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe results from the six-month Food Resource Equity for Sustainable Health (FRESH) study among Native American families. We aimed to recruit 176 families of children attending Osage Nation ECE programs in four communities. Two communities received the intervention and two served as wait-list controls. Outcomes included change in dietary intake, body mass index, health status, systolic blood pressure (adults only), and food insecurity in children and parents. There were 193 children (n = 106 intervention; n = 87 control) and 170 adults (n = 93 intervention; n = 77 control) enrolled. Vegetable intake significantly increased in intervention children compared to controls for squash (p = 0.0007) and beans (p = 0.0002). Willingness to try scores increased for beans in intervention children (p = 0.049) and tomatoes in both groups (p = 0.01). FRESH is the first study to implement a farm-to-school intervention in rural, tribally owned ECEs. Future interventions that target healthy dietary intake among children should incorporate a comprehensive parent component in order to support healthy eating for all household members.
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Pawar, Rahul. "Removable versus fixed myo-functional appliances in class II malocclusion among Indians." Bioinformation 19, no. 13 (December 31, 2023): 1318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300191318.
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It is of interest to compare two myofunctional appliances (frankal appliance and twin bloc) and two fixed orthodontic appliances (Power Scope and Forsus) in management of class II div 1 malocclusion. A total of 56 Class II division 1 malocclusion patients indicated for treatment with myofunctional appliances and fixed functional appliances were randomized. They were equally divided among frankal appliance (n=14), twin block appliance (n=14), Power Scope (American Orthodontics) (n=14), Forsus (3M Unitek Corp) groups (n=14). Skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of all appliances were compared. SNB increased remarkably by 4.2° in the Twin block group and it was high among all treatment groups. There was a significant decrease in vertical dimensions (SN-GoGn) in the Twin block (p = 0.002). Early treatment of Class II due to mandibular retrusion with Twin block functional appliance is recommended due to its favorable skeletal effect.
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Anoop, Shajith, Jesse Krakauer, Nir Krakauer, and Anoop Misra. "A Body shape index significantly predicts MRI-defined abdominal adipose tissue depots in non-obese Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 8, no. 1 (October 2020): e001324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001324.
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IntroductionWe aimed to determine the correlations of volumes of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAT) (anterior, posterior, superficial and deep), total SCAT, intraperitoneal adipose tissue, retroperitoneal abdominal adipose tissue (RPAT), total intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), pancreatic volume, liver span, total body fat (TBF) and truncal fat mass (TFM) with anthropometric indices, viz., A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Hip Index, their Z scores and Anthropometric Risk Index in non-obese (body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2) Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Research design and methodsNon-obese patients with T2DM (cases; n, 85) and BMI-matched, healthy subjects (controls; n, 38) underwent anthropometry, dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) for estimation of TBF, TFM and 1.5 T MRI for estimation of volumes of abdominal adipose tissue depots, pancreas and liver span. Spearman’s correlation analysis and Receiver Operator Characteristic curve analysis were applied.ResultsThe Z score of ABSI (Z_ABSI) showed significantly positive correlation with volumes of all depots of abdominal SCAT, total IAAT and RPAT in cases. Area under the curve for Z_ABSI (0.87) showed higher sensitivity: 82.0 %, specificity: 81.5 %, at a predictive cut-off value of 0.49 for abdominal adiposity.ConclusionIn non-obese Asian Indians with T2DM, the Z_ABSI showed significant correlation with IAAT and SCAT and higher predictive accuracy for abdominal adiposity.Highlights of the studyThis is the first MRI-based study in the context of ABSI in non-obese (BMI <25 kg/m2) Asian Indians with T2DM. Findings indicate that Z_ABSI has high predictive accuracy for abdominal adiposity in non-obese Asian Indians. The Z_ABSI index showed significantly positive correlation with volumes of adipose tissue depots, viz., abdominal SCAT, total IAAT and RPAT in cases.
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Lucas, Michel, Éric Dewailly, Carole Blanchet, Suzanne Gingras, and Bruce J. Holub. "Plasma n-3 fatty acids and psychological distress in aboriginal Cree Indians (Canada)." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 12 (February 26, 2009): 2343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009004935.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between psychological distress (PD) and plasma n-3 long-chain (LC) PUFA, i.e. EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) and DHA.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional Santé-Québec Health Survey (1991). Participants were categorized as high-level PD if they scored over the 80th percentile of the PD Index in the Santé-Québec Survey; non-distressed subjects were those who scored less than this cut-off. Associations between tertiles of n-3 fatty acids (FA) and the risk of high-level PD were expressed as odds ratios, with the lowest tertile as the reference group.SettingQuébec, Canada.SubjectsData were analysed from a representative sample of 852 James Bay Cree Indian adults aged 18 years and over.ResultsProportions of n-3 FA were statistically significantly lower in the PD than in the non-distressed group. After adjustment for confounders, EPA was the only individual n-3 FA significantly associated with the risk of high-level PD. Combinations of EPA + DHA or EPA + DPAn-3 + DHA or the sum of n-3 were also associated with the risk of high-level PD. Compared with the lowest tertile of EPA + DHA, the OR for high-level PD was 0·89 (95 % CI 0·59, 1·36) for the second and 0·56 (95 % CI 0·32, 0·98) for the third tertile, after controlling for confounders.ConclusionsIn the present retrospective, cross-sectional study, we found that proportions of n-3 LC PUFA in plasma phospholipids, markers of n-3 LC PUFA consumption from fish, were inversely associated with PD.
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Ikram, Mohammad, Nazneen Fatima Shaikh, Jamboor K. Vishwanatha, and Usha Sambamoorthi. "Leading Predictors of COVID-19-Related Poor Mental Health in Adult Asian Indians: An Application of Extreme Gradient Boosting and Shapley Additive Explanations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010775.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in poor mental health among Asian Indians was observed in the United States. However, the leading predictors of poor mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Asian Indians remained unknown. A cross-sectional online survey was administered to self-identified Asian Indians aged 18 and older (N = 289). Survey collected information on demographic and socio-economic characteristics and the COVID-19 burden. Two novel machine learning techniques-eXtreme Gradient Boosting and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were used to identify the leading predictors and explain their associations with poor mental health. A majority of the study participants were female (65.1%), below 50 years of age (73.3%), and had income ≥ $75,000 (81.0%). The six leading predictors of poor mental health among Asian Indians were sleep disturbance, age, general health, income, wearing a mask, and self-reported discrimination. SHAP plots indicated that higher age, wearing a mask, and maintaining social distancing all the time were negatively associated with poor mental health while having sleep disturbance and imputed income levels were positively associated with poor mental health. The model performance metrics indicated high accuracy (0.77), precision (0.78), F1 score (0.77), recall (0.77), and AUROC (0.87). Nearly one in two adults reported poor mental health, and one in five reported sleep disturbance. Findings from our study suggest a paradoxical relationship between income and poor mental health; further studies are needed to confirm our study findings. Sleep disturbance and perceived discrimination can be targeted through tailored intervention to reduce the risk of poor mental health in Asian Indians.
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Ghude, Tejashree, Roshni Chauhan, Krushna Dahake, Atharv Bhosale, and Tushar Ghorpade. "N-gram models for Text Generation in Hindi Language." ITM Web of Conferences 44 (2022): 03062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224403062.
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Native language plays a vital role for communication. Hindi is preferred by most Indians and it is the fifth most spoken language in the world. Hence, to make User Experience more effective while interacting with Software Applications, we aim to build a Model using Natural Language Processing which takes a specific word as an input and predicts the subsequent words for completing the sentence.It will act as a tab- complete function in Hindi language. This will also pave a way as a use case for building chatbots, personal emails, applications which are content based like cooking recipes, blogs, etc. in Hindi Language.
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Banerjee, Joyita, Yogita Dhas, and Neetu Mishra. "Middle-Aged Indians with Type 2 Diabetes Are at Higher Risk of Biological Ageing with Special Reference to Serum CDKN2A." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (March 24, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7569259.
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Sedentary lifestyle and high visceral adiposity have elevated the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among Indians at younger age. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory mediators with ageing with special reference to the biological ageing marker cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) among middle-aged (31-50 years) Indian healthy and T2DM subjects. Malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and CDKN2A were measured in T2DM patients (n=80) and controls (n=80) aged 31-50 years, further grouped into G1: 31-40 years and G2: 41-50 years. IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and CDKN2A showed a significant association with ageing among both T2DM patients and controls. But the strength of the association of MCP-1 and CKDN2A with ageing was significantly stronger in T2DM patients than the controls. All the oxidative stress and proinflammatory mediators showed nonsignificant associations with CDKN2A in the controls. However, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 showed a strong association with CDKN2A in T2DM patients. An increased risk of high levels of CDKN2A was found in G1 T2DM patients (OR: 3.484 (95% CI: 1.246-9.747) p=0.017) and G2 T2DM patients (OR: 5.000 (95% CI: 1.914-13.061), p=0.001) with reference to the respective control groups. Our study reveals that the middle-aged Indians with T2DM are at higher risk of biological ageing. The development of T2DM is more common among middle-aged Indians. T2DM may exacerbate the ageing process and may subsequently predispose Indians to various age-related complications at a much early age.
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Eswaramoorthy, Rajalakshmanan. "Inflammation in smokers and non-smokers during implant surgery among Indians." Bioinformation 19, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630019510.
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One of the main drawbacks faced by the dental implant surgeons is to assess the healing of the tissues and implant success for patients who are smokers. It is of interest to evaluate inflammatory biomarkers to understand the soft and hard tissue healing between smokers & non-smokers based on levels of IL-6 & STAT-3. This study included totally 20 patients (Group 1 : smokers (n=10) and Group 2: non-smokers (n=10)) undergoing stage-1 implant surgery and collected a tissue sample for the patients to assess the levels of IL-6 & STAT-3. The results indicated that there is a pronounced increase in the biomarkers in patients who are smokers in comparison to non-smokers.
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Winslow, R. M., K. W. Chapman, C. C. Gibson, M. Samaja, C. C. Monge, E. Goldwasser, M. Sherpa, F. D. Blume, and R. Santolaya. "Different hematologic responses to hypoxia in Sherpas and Quechua Indians." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 1561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.4.1561.
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Previous studies of the erythropoietic response to hypoxia in high-altitude natives suggest that the hematocrit and hemoglobin values in Himalayan natives (Sherpas) are lower than expected for the altitude, perhaps because of a genetic adaptation. However, differences in sampling techniques and experimental methods make comparisons difficult. Our studies were carried out to compare the erythropoietic response with the same altitude in age-matched natives of the Himalayas and Andes by the same experimental techniques. Healthy male subjects were selected in Ollague, Chile (n = 29, 27.3 +/- 5.9 yr) and in Khunde, Nepal (n = 30, 24.7 +/- 3.8 yr). Both of these villages are located at 3,700 m above sea level. Hematologic measurements confirmed lower hematocrit values in Nepal (48.4 +/- 4.5%) than in Chile (52.2 +/- 4.6%) (P less than 0.003). When subjects were matched for hematocrit, erythropoietin concentrations in Chile were higher than in Nepal (P less than 0.01). Detailed measurements of blood O2 affinity in Nepal showed no differences in shape or position of the O2 equilibrium curve between Sherpas and Western sojourners. Our results indicate that although Quechua Indians have higher hematocrits than Sherpas living at the same altitude, nevertheless they may be functionally anemic.
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LADITKA, SARAH B., JAMES N. LADITKA, RUI LIU, ANNA E. PRICE, DANIELA B. FRIEDMAN, BEI WU, LUCINDA L. BRYANT, SARA J. CORWIN, and SUSAN L. IVEY. "How do older people describe others with cognitive impairment? A multiethnic study in the United States." Ageing and Society 33, no. 3 (January 3, 2012): 369–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x11001255.
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ABSTRACTWe studied how older people describe others with cognitive impairment. Forty-two focus groups represented African Americans, American Indians, Chinese Americans, Latinos, Vietnamese Americans, and Whites other than Latinos (Whites) (N = 396, ages 50+), in nine locations in the United States of America. Axial coding connected categories and identified themes. The constant comparison method compared themes across ethnic groups. African Americans, American Indians and Whites emphasised memory loss. African Americans, American Indians, Latinos and Whites stressed withdrawal, isolation and repetitive speech. African Americans, American Indians, Vietnamese Americans and Whites emphasised ‘slow thinking’. Only Whites described mood swings and personality changes. Many participants attributed dementia to stress. Terms describing others with dementia included ‘Alzheimer's’, ‘dementia’, ‘senile’ and ‘crazy’. Euphemisms were common (‘senior moment’, ‘old timer's disease’). Responses focused on memory, with limited mention of other cognitive functions. Differences among ethnic groups in descriptions of cognitive health and cognitive impairment underscore the need to tailor public health messages about cognitive health to ways that people construe its loss, and to their interest in maintaining it, so that messages and terms used are familiar, understandable and relevant to the groups for which they are designed. Health promotion efforts should develop ethnically sensitive ways to address the widely held misperception that even serious cognitive impairment is a normal characteristic of ageing and also to address stigma associated with cognitive impairment.
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Jena, Mamata, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Rajnish Kumar Singh, Prithvi Raj Sharma, P. K. Das, and Rameshwar N. K. Bamezai. "NOS2A promoter (CCTTT)n association with TB lacks independent functional correlation amongst Indians." Tuberculosis 94, no. 1 (January 2014): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2013.10.004.
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Pabbla, Amandeep, Charles Agyemang, Geert van der Heijden, and Denise Duijster. "Association of integration with oral health among Indian migrants living in the Netherlands." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (March 7, 2024): e0298768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298768.
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Background Limited data exist about the relationship between acculturation and oral health. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the association of integration with self-reported oral health, behaviours, and oral healthcare utilization among Indian migrants living in the Netherlands, a cross sectional survey study. Methods Between February and April 2021, a random sample from Dutch municipalities was obtained for the Indian migrants living in the Netherlands (n = 147). A validated questionnaire was used to collect information on independent variables, namely socio-demographic, integration assessment tool: Immigration Policy Lab (IPL-12) and everyday discrimination scale (EDS). The outcome variables were self-reported oral health, oral health behaviours, and oral healthcare utilization. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the associations. Results Higher integration among Indian migrants was associated with longer stay in the Netherlands, having a Dutch passport, intention to settle in the Netherlands, and having a permanent residence. After adjusting for covariates such as age, gender, marital status, education, income, occupation, and dental insurance, regression analysis showed that Indians with higher integration had lower odds of reporting their oral health as fair to poor [OR = 0.92(95%CI:0.0.85;0.99)] than the Indians with low integration scores. Also, Indians with higher integration had lower odds of using a manual toothbrush as compared to an electric toothbrush or use of both [OR = 0.86(95%CI:0.76;0.97)]. Highly integrated Indians had lower odds of consuming Indian sweets than lower integrated Indians (OR = 0.91; 95%CI:0.86;0.97). Indians with higher integration had 1.15 times (95% CI:1.03;1.29) higher odds of visiting a Dutch dental professional than visiting a dentist in both places (India and the Netherlands). No significant association was found between discrimination and the three outcome variables. Conclusion Integration is positively association with self-reported oral health outcomes among the Indian migrants. Measure to improve integration among Indian migrants may help to promote healthy oral health behaviours and improve their oral health care utilization.
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Kurien, Ammu, Nidhi Sharma, Madhavi Marathe, Nandan Joshi, Sumithra Selvam, Sarita Devi, and Sucharita Sambashivaiah. "Acute Effect of a Protein Supplement on Targeted Plasma Amino Acid Profile among Healthy Asian Indians: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2020 (June 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8946820.
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Background. Indians have a poor protein intake in terms of quantity as well as quality because of their predominantly cereal-based diet. However, there is limited information on circulatory amino acid levels in healthy Indians. Herein, we evaluated the acute effect of a protein supplement on the plasma levels of essential amino acids (EAAs) in healthy Indian adults, using targeted EAA analysis. Methods. In this double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 20 healthy Indian adults were randomized to receive the test protein supplement (treatment arm, n = 10) or placebo (control arm, n = 10) with milk, after overnight fasting. After 7 days, the participants returned for the crossover treatment. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 60 and 120 min after protein/placebo consumption. Plasma EAA levels were estimated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to assess the effect of treatment on EAA levels. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. At baseline, mean plasma levels did not differ significantly between the two arms for any of the EAAs. In the treatment arm, the mean levels of all EAAs increased significantly from baseline to 60 min (P<0.01), with no significant change from 60 to 120 min. There was no significant change in amino acid levels in the control arm. The magnitude as well as percentage of increase from baseline to 60 min was significantly greater in the treatment arm than in the control arm for all EAAs. Conclusion. Compared to placebo, protein supplement increased circulatory amino acid levels in healthy Indians. The observed increase in EAA levels and its role in conjunction with exercise in both healthy and diseased states need to be further evaluated. This is the first dataset exploring targeted EAA profiles and the effect of a protein supplement among healthy Indians. The clinical trial is registered with CTRI/2018/12/016777.
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Mahalingam, Ramaswami, and Joel Rodriguez. "Culture, Brain Transplants and Implicit Theories of Identity." Journal of Cognition and Culture 6, no. 3-4 (2006): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853706778554968.
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AbstractUsing a brain transplant paradigm (BT), we examined the role of culture and status (privileged group membership) on beliefs about social and personal identity among Indians (Brahmins and Dalits, N = 202) and American participants (N = 114). Participants were presented a vignette about a hypothetical BT between members of two different ethnic groups and asked the following two questions: (a) whether a BT would change how the recipient would act; (b) whether the BT would change the social identity of the recipient. Americans believed that the BT recipient would act as the ethnicity of the donor. By contrast, Brahmin participants believed that a Brahmin recipient of a Dalit (formerly treated as "untouchables") brain would act like a Dalit but a Dalit who received a BT from a Brahmin would not act like a Brahmin. Both Americans and Indians believed that the social identity (the caste, race or ethnic identity) of a person would not be changed by a brain transplant. The role of culture and social status in affecting various implicit theories of identities are discussed.
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Prasad, Gauri, Khushdeep Bandesh, Anil Giri, Yasmeen Kauser, Prakriti Chanda, Vaisak Parekatt, Sandeep Mathur, et al. "Genome-Wide Association Study of Metabolic Syndrome Reveals Primary Genetic Variants at CETP Locus in Indians." Biomolecules 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2019): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9080321.
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Indians, a rapidly growing population, constitute vast genetic heterogeneity to that of Western population; however they have become a sedentary population in past decades due to rapid urbanization ensuing in the amplified prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MetS in 10,093 Indian individuals (6617 MetS and 3476 controls) of Indo-European origin, that belong to our previous biorepository of The Indian Diabetes Consortium (INDICO). The study was conducted in two stages—discovery phase (N = 2158) and replication phase (N = 7935). We discovered two variants within/near the CETP gene—rs1800775 and rs3816117—associated with MetS at genome-wide significance level during replication phase in Indians. Additional CETP loci rs7205804, rs1532624, rs3764261, rs247617, and rs173539 also cropped up as modest signals in Indians. Haplotype association analysis revealed GCCCAGC as the strongest haplotype within the CETP locus constituting all seven CETP signals. In combined analysis, we perceived a novel and functionally relevant sub-GWAS significant locus—rs16890462 in the vicinity of SFRP1 gene. Overlaying gene regulatory data from ENCODE database revealed that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16890462 resides in repressive chromatin in human subcutaneous adipose tissue as characterized by the enrichment of H3K27me3 and CTCF marks (repressive gene marks) and diminished H3K36me3 marks (activation gene marks). The variant displayed active DNA methylation marks in adipose tissue, suggesting its likely regulatory activity. Further, the variant also disrupts a potential binding site of a key transcription factor, NRF2, which is known for involvement in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Karthik, S. Jai, Shajith Anoop, R. Suresh Kumar, and M. V. Usha Rani. "Predictors for Gingival Index in Middle-Aged Asian Indians with Type 2 Diabetes from South India: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study." Scientific World Journal 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9081572.
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Asian Indians develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) much earlier as compared to White Caucasians, due to unique phenotypic and genetic architecture. Periodontitis in T2DM patients is often a neglected clinical feature. This study was conducted to derive predictor variables for gingival index in middle-aged Asian Indians with T2DM in a semiurban population of Dravidian ethnicity from Tamil Nadu, India. T2DM patients (n=232, mean age:50.6±10.4years) with periodontitis (n=123, mean age:54.3±2.4years) and without periodontitis (n=109, mean age:55.2±3.1years) were recruited between 2014 and 2016 by purposive sampling method. Dental examinations for pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were performed and gingival index was calculated. Fasting venous blood samples were analysed for measures of glycaemia and cholesterol. Significant positive correlation (p<0.01) was observed for gingival index with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), pocket depth, presence of T2DM, and clinical attachment level. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis derived increased pocket depth (p<0.01), elevated HbA1c (p<0.01), clinical attachment level (p<0.01), and presence of diabetes (p<0.01) as significant predictors (r2value = 0.67) for increased gingival index in middle aged patients with T2DM. These variables significantly (p<0.01) predispose middle-aged T2DM patients to increased gingival index, thus warranting appropriate intervention.
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Eswaramoorthy, Rajalakshmanan. "Effect of different drugs for controlling post-operative swelling after implant surgery among Indians." Bioinformation 19, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 488–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630019488.
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Pain and swelling are common complications associated with dental implant surgery. Forty five patients were included in this study (Group 1: Paracetamol+ amoxicillin (n=15), Group 2: Paracetamol+ Cold packs (n=15), Group 3: Paracetamol (n=15)). Post op drugs were given based on the group, and Pre and post-operative photographs were evaluated with Adobe photoshop software. The photographs were evaluated with Adobe Photoshop for Statistical analysis was done by repeated measures ANOVA. The first day post-surgery, there was increased swelling in group 1 with mean surface area of swelling of 47.6±2.1 mm2 and considerable decrease in group 2, 42.1±3.5 mm2. The surface area of swelling in this group was maintained in the same range till Day 7.
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Visaria, Aayush, Bharath Nagaraj, Megh Shah, Nikhit Kethidi, Anurag Modak, Jai Shahani, Rachana Chilakapati, and Maya Raghuwanshi. "Low Amount and Intensity of Leisure-time Physical Activity in Asian Indian Adults." American Journal of Health Promotion 36, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 440–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08901171211059807.
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Purpose We sought to describe leisure-time, aerobic, and muscle strengthening physical activity (PA) patterns in U.S. Asian Indians, in comparison to other races/ethnicities. Design, Setting, and Sample We utilized the 2011–2018 National Health Interview Surveys, a set of cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys of the U.S. noninstitutionalized population. Our study population included 257 652 adults who answered PA questions. Measures PA was classified per 2008 U.S. guidelines and continuously per estimated metabolic equivalents (METs). Race was classified into White, Black, Asian Indian, Other Asian, and American Indian/Alaskan Native/Multiracial. Analysis We used survey design-adjusted, multivariable logistic regression to determine odds of sufficient and highly active physical activity levels, adjusting for predisposing, enabling, need, and health care service factors as guided by the Anderson Model. We also used linear regression to determine racial differences in average MET-minutes/week. Analysis was additionally stratified by comorbidity status. Results While Asian Indians (N = 3049) demonstrated similar odds of sufficient aerobic PA as Whites (aOR [95% CI]: .97 [.88,1.07]), Asian Indians had 22% lower odds of meeting highly active aerobic PA levels (.78 [.71,0.87]) and 18% lower odds of meeting sufficient muscle strengthening PA levels (.82 [.73,0.91]). This translated to an average 172 (95% CI: 45 300) fewer MET-minutes. Furthermore, this decrease in MET-minutes/week was especially apparent in those without hypertension (β[95% CI]: −164 [-314,-15]) without diabetes (−185 [-319,-52]), and low/normal BMI (−422 [-623,-222]). Conclusion Asian Indians, especially those without comorbidities, are less likely to engage in high-intensity physical activity than Whites.
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Chowkhani, Ketaki. "Book Review: Culture, Context and Ageing of Older Indians: Narratives from India and Beyond." Anthropology & Aging 43, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/aa.2022.392.
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LADITKA, JAMES N., SARAH B. LADITKA, RUI LIU, ANNA E. PRICE, BEI WU, DANIELA B. FRIEDMAN, SARA J. CORWIN, et al. "Older adults' concerns about cognitive health: commonalities and differences among six United States ethnic groups." Ageing and Society 31, no. 7 (January 20, 2011): 1202–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10001273.
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ABSTRACTWe studied concerns about cognitive health among ethnically diverse groups of older adults. The study was grounded in theories of health behaviour and the representation of health and illness. We conducted 42 focus groups (N=396, ages 50+) in four languages, with African Americans, American Indians, Chinese Americans, Latinos, Whites other than Latinos (hereafter, Whites) and Vietnamese Americans, in nine United States locations. Participants discussed concerns about keeping their memory or ability to think as they age. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim. Constant comparison methods identified themes. In findings, all ethnic groups expressed concern and fear about memory loss, losing independence, and becoming ‘a burden’. Knowing someone with Alzheimer's disease increased concern. American Indians, Chinese Americans, Latinos and Vietnamese Americans expected memory loss. American Indians, Chinese Americans and Vietnamese Americans were concerned about stigma associated with Alzheimer's disease. Only African Americans, Chinese and Whites expressed concern about genetic risks. Only African Americans and Whites expressed concern about behaviour changes. Although we asked participants for their thoughts about their ability to think as they age, they focused almost exclusively on memory. This suggests that health education promoting cognitive health should focus on memory, but should also educate the public about the importance of maintaining all aspects of cognitive health.
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Wolmarans, P., YK Seedat, FGH Mayet, G. Joubert, and E. Wentzel. "Dietary intake of Indians living in the metropolitan area of Durban." Public Health Nutrition 2, no. 1 (January 1999): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980099000075.
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AbstractObjective:To report on energy and nutrient intakes, as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in Indian South Africans.Design:Cross-sectional dietary study as part of a coronary heart disease survey.Setting:Metropolitan area of Durban, South Africa.Subjects:Free-living Indian men (n = 406) and women (n = 370) 15–69 years of age.Methodology:Dietary data were collected by three interviewers using a 24-h dietary recall and expressed as median intakes of macronutrients.Results:Results reported a low energy intake and the percentage of energy derived from total fat varied between 32.3 and 34.9% in men and between 33.1 and 36.1% in women. The energy intake to basal metabolic rate (EI: BMR) ratios were low for all age groups suggesting potential under-reporting. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was high, more than 10% of energy, with a median polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (P: S ratio) that varied between 1.38 and 1.96 for the various age and sex groups. Dietary cholesterol varied between 66 and 117 mg per 4.2 MJ in men and between 76 and 109 mg per 4.2 MJ in women. Dietary fibre intakes were low and varied between 8.0 and 11.0 g per 4.2 MJ in men and between 7.6 and 9.6 g per 4.2 MJ in women.Conclusions:The dietary P:S ratios were high and the effect of such a high P:S ratio on the oxidation of low density lipoprotein in this population, with a high prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), should be investigated as a possible risk factor for CHD.
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Bahammam, A., SH Choudhri, and R. Long. "Utility of Gastric Aspirates in Screening for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in High Risk Subjects: The Manitoba Experience." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 10, no. 1 (1999): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/491958.
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BACKGROUND: Although gastric aspirates (GA) are one of the recommended screening procedures for asymptomatic individuals at high risk for developing tuberculosis (TB), little data exist on the utility of GA for this indication.OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of GA as a screening tool in asymptomatic subjects who are at high risk for developing pulmonary TB.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population’s clinical, radiographical and Mantoux skin test findings were correlated with a laboratory database of all patients who underwent GA in 1994. Subjects included in the study were those at high risk of developing TB, ie, immigrants placed under surveillance for TB postlanding in Canada (surveillance foreign-born), other foreign-born individuals from high prevalence countries, Status Indians and close contacts of patients with active pulmonary TB.RESULTS: Four hundred and twelve GAs were performed in 318 patients. Complete data were available in 243 patients. Canadian-born persons who were not Status Indians and foreign-born persons from nonendemic areas (n=37) were excluded. The remaining 206 patients had 261 GAs performed (1.27±0.7 per subject). This group consisted of surveillance foreign-born (n=57), other foreign-born (n=110) and Status Indians (n=39). Fifty-three (26%) were symptomatic and 153 (74%) were asymptomatic. Ninety-eight had a normal chest radiograph, and 108 had an abnormal chest radiograph. Fourteen subjects (26%) in the symptomatic group hadMycobacterium tuberculosisisolated from their GA versus one (0.65%) in the asymptomatic group (P<0.001). One subject (1%) in the normal chest radiograph group versus 14 (12%) in the abnormal chest radiograph group (P=0.005) hadM tuberculosisisolated from their GA. Thirty-six subjects were both symptomatic and had abnormal chest radiographs. In this group, 12 (33%) hadM tuberculosisisolated from their GA, while none of the patients who were asymptomatic and had normal chest radiographs had a positiveM tuberculosisculture. There was no difference in the yield of GA between Mantoux skin test-positive and Mantoux skin test-negative groups.CONCLUSIONS: GAs have a low yield when used to screen asymptomatic high risk subjects. The results suggest that screening of asymptomatic individuals or those with normal chest radiographs may not be warranted. This will spare many asymptomatic subjects the discomfort of undergoing the procedure and produce a significant cost saving.
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Strass, Haley A., and David L. Vogel. "Do Stereotypical Media Representations Influence White Individuals’ Perceptions of American Indians?" Counseling Psychologist 46, no. 5 (July 2018): 656–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000018788532.
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In this study, we examined exposure to stereotypical movie portrayals of American Indians, motivations to respond without prejudice, and awareness of White privilege on racist attitudes. European American participants ( N = 232) were randomly assigned to watch stereotypical representations of American Indians or control videos. Hierarchical regression results revealed that higher internal motivations to respond without prejudice and awareness were associated with lower levels of racist attitudes. Higher external motivations to respond without prejudice were associated with higher levels of modern racist attitudes. For participants high in awareness, there was no significant difference in modern racist attitudes between the control and stereotype conditions. For participants low in awareness, those in the control condition reported lower modern racist attitudes than those in the stereotype condition. Results suggest awareness is an important predictor of lower racist attitudes but needs to be reconceptualized within the counseling literature. Social justice implications and limitations are discussed.
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Guenzel, Nicholas, Hongying Daisy Dai, and Lyndsay Dean. "Historical trauma, substance use, and mental health symptoms among a sample of urban American Indians." Edorium Journal of Psychology 2, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/100016p13ng2019ra.
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Aims: Little research has examined historical trauma (HT), addiction, and mental health problems among general populations of urban American Indians (AIs). This study examined associations to help fill this gap. Methods:This is a secondary analysis of data from a Midwestern urban AI population. Based on a psychological inventory, participants (n=117) were separated into a substance group (n=19), a psychiatric group (n=43), and a control group (n=55). Results of the historical loss scale (HLS, 12 items) and the historical loss-associated symptoms scale (HLASS, 12 items) were examined between the groups. Results:The psychiatric group reported thinking about three specific losses more than the control group and six specific losses more than the substance group. No significant differences were found between the substance group and the control group. The psychiatric group reported nine historical loss-associated symptoms more frequently than the control group. The substance group reported experiencing five symptoms more frequently than the control group. The substance group reported one symptom more frequently than the psychiatric group. Conclusion:Historical trauma appears to affect individuals with psychiatric or substance problems differently from those with no problems. American Indians with psychiatric or substance problems report experiencing some HLAS more often than individuals without these problems. The direction of this relationship is unclear, but it is apparent that historical loss thoughts and symptoms likely affect individuals with psychiatric and substance problems differently than the general public. Providers need to be attuned to these results to understand the experiences of their AI patients.
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Roberts, Nathan M., Charles F. Rabeni, John S. Stanovick, and David A. Hamilton. "River Otter, Lontra canadensis, Food Habits in the Missouri Ozarks." Canadian Field-Naturalist 122, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v122i4.636.
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The reintroduction of River Otters (Lontra canadensis) between 1982 and 1992 resulted in widespread occurrence of the species throughout the Missouri Ozarks. This study examined otter diets from the vicinity of two Ozark streams in relation to seasonal and spatial trends. Otter scats (N = 4750) were collected and analyzed from the Osage Fork River and Big Piney River during the summer and winter seasons of 2001 and 2002. During the winter (January-March), fish occurred in 86% of the samples. During the summer (June–August), occurrence of fish dropped to approximately 15% for both rivers. Seven families of fish were identified in the diets, with Centrarchidae being most common regardless of river or season. Within the Centrarchidae, the genus Lepomis (mostly Longear Sunfish, Lepomis megalotis) was most common, with Micropterus (mostly Smallmouth Bass, Micropterus dolomieu) and Rock Bass (Ambloplites rupestris) also well represented. The mean age of Ambloplites consumed (mean = 3.3 years) was consistently older than that of either Micropterus (mean = 2.54 years) or Lepomis (mean = 2.78 years). Crayfish were recovered from a mean of 85.2% of scats in the winter and 99% in the summer. Smaller fish and crayfish were more common from the upper reaches of the streams while larger fish were prevalent in the lower reaches.
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Lemley, Kevin V., Derek B. Boothroyd, Kristina L. Blouch, Robert G. Nelson, Lois I. Jones, Richard A. Olshen, and Bryan D. Myers. "Modeling GFR trajectories in diabetic nephropathy." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 289, no. 4 (October 2005): F863—F870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00068.2004.
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In an 8-year longitudinal study of Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy, we used statistical techniques that are novel and depend on minimal assumptions to compare longitudinal measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Individuals enrolled with new-onset microalbuminuria either progressed to macroalbuminuria (progressors, n = 13) or did not progress (nonprogressors, n = 13) during follow-up. Subjects with new-onset macroalbuminuria at screening were also followed ( n = 22). Patients had their GFR determined serially by urinary iothalamate clearances (average 11 clearances; range 6–19). GFR courses of individuals were modeled using an adaptation of smoothing and regression cubic B-splines. Group comparisons were based on five-component vectors of fitted GFR values using a permutation approach to a Hotelling’s T2 statistic. GFR profiles of initially microalbuminuric progressors differed significantly from those of nonprogressors ( P = 0.003). There were no significant baseline differences between progressors and nonprogressors with respect to any measured clinical parameters. The course of GFR in the first 4 yr following progression to macroalbuminuria in initially microalbuminuric subjects did not differ from that in newly screened macroalbuinuric subjects ( P = 0.27). Without imposing simplifying models on the data, the statistical techniques used demonstrate that the courses of decline of GFR in definable subgroups of initially microalbuminuric diabetic Pima Indians, although generally progressive, follow distinct trajectories that are related to the extent of glomerular barrier dysfunction, as reflected by the evolution from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria.
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McNeely, Clea A., Besufekad Alemu, Won Fy Lee, and Isis West. "Exploring an Unexamined Source of Racial Disparities in Juvenile Court Involvement: Unexcused Absenteeism Policies in U.S. Schools." AERA Open 7 (January 2021): 233285842110031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23328584211003132.
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This two-part study explored whether discrimination encoded into U.S. school absenteeism policies leads to racially minoritized students being overrepresented in the juvenile court system. First, we examined unexcused absenteeism policies in a nationally representative school district sample ( n = 97). All districts excused absences for reasons White students often miss school but not necessarily for reasons racially minoritized students do. Next, in three school districts we documented large racial disparities in both the proportion of absences designated unexcused (Whites 13%, Asians 18%, Hispanics 21%, Blacks 24%, and American Indians 24%) and risk of court petition for truancy, even after accounting for the total number of absences: Whites hazard ratio (HR) = 1.0; Asians HR = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.98, 1.36]; Hispanics HR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.34, 1.92]; Blacks HR = 2.17, 95% CI [1.88, 2.50]; and American Indians HR = 3.94, 95% CI [3.12, 4.97]. Disproportionality in unexcused absenteeism fully explained the Hispanic/White and partially explained the Black/White and American Indian/White court petition disparities.
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Gonzales, Kelly L., Luohua Jiang, Ginny Garcia-Alexander, Michelle M. Jacob, Jenny Chang, David R. Williams, Ann Bullock, and Spero M. Manson. "Perceived Discrimination, Retention, and Diabetes Risk Among American Indians and Alaska Natives in a Diabetes Lifestyle Intervention." Journal of Aging and Health 33, no. 7-8_suppl (June 24, 2021): 18S—30S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08982643211013188.
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Objectives: To examine the association of perceived discrimination with participant retention and diabetes risk among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Methods: Data were drawn from the Special Diabetes Program for Indians–Diabetes Prevention Demonstration Project ( N = 2553). Results: Perceived discrimination was significantly and negatively associated with short-term and long-term retention and diabetes risk without adjusting. After controlling for socioeconomic characteristics and clinical outcomes, perceived discrimination was not associated with retention but was significantly associated with less improvement in body mass index (BMI) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Every unit increase in the perceived discrimination score was associated with 0.14 kg/m2 less BMI reduction (95% CI: [0.02, 0.26], p = 0.0183) and 1.06 mg/dl lower HDL at baseline (95% CI: [0.36, 1.76], p = 0.0028). Discussion: Among racialized groups, improving retention and health in lifestyle interventions may require investigating perceived discrimination and the broader context of structural racism and colonialism.
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SV, Praveen, Jose Manuel Lorenz, Rajesh Ittamalla, Kuldeep Dhama, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Daruri Venkata Srinivas Kumar, and Thivyaa Mohan. "Twitter-Based Sentiment Analysis and Topic Modeling of Social Media Posts Using Natural Language Processing, to Understand People’s Perspectives Regarding COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Shots in India: Crucial to Expanding Vaccination Coverage." Vaccines 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111929.
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This study analyzed perceptions of Indians regarding COVID-19 booster dose vaccines using natural language processing techniques, particularly, sentiment analysis and topic modeling. We analyzed tweets generated by Indian citizens for this study. In late July 2022, the Indian government hastened the process of COVID-19 booster dose vaccinations. Understanding the emotions and concerns of the citizens regarding the health policy being implemented will assist the government, health policy officials, and policymakers implement the policy efficiently so that desired results can be achieved. Seventy-six thousand nine hundred seventy-nine tweets were used for this study. The sentiment analysis study revealed that out of those 76,979 tweets, more than half (n = 40,719 tweets (52.8%) had negative sentiments, 24,242 tweets (31.5%) had neutral sentiments, and 12,018 tweets (15.6%) had positive sentiments. Social media posts by Indians on the COVID-19 booster doses have focused on the feelings that younger people do not need vaccines and that vaccinations are unhealthy.
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Muniyappa, Ranganath, Brian A. Irving, Uma S. Unni, William M. Briggs, K. Sreekumaran Nair, Michael J. Quon, and Anura V. Kurpad. "Limited predictive ability of surrogate indices of insulin sensitivity/resistance in Asian-Indian men." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 299, no. 6 (December 2010): E1106—E1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00454.2010.
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Insulin resistance is highly prevalent in Asian Indians and contributes to worldwide public health problems, including diabetes and related disorders. Surrogate measurements of insulin sensitivity/resistance are used frequently to study Asian Indians, but these are not formally validated in this population. In this study, we compared the ability of simple surrogate indices to accurately predict insulin sensitivity as determined by the reference glucose clamp method. In this cross-sectional study of Asian-Indian men ( n = 70), we used a calibration model to assess the ability of simple surrogate indices for insulin sensitivity [quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA2-IR), fasting insulin-to-glucose ratio (FIGR), and fasting insulin (FI)] to predict an insulin sensitivity index derived from the reference glucose clamp method (SIClamp). Predictive accuracy was assessed by both root mean squared error (RMSE) of prediction as well as leave-one-out cross-validation-type RMSE of prediction (CVPE). QUICKI, FIGR, and FI, but not HOMA2-IR, had modest linear correlations with SIClamp (QUICKI: r = 0.36; FIGR: r = −0.36; FI: r = −0.27; P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted among CVPE or RMSE from any of the surrogate indices when compared with QUICKI. Surrogate measurements of insulin sensitivity/resistance such as QUICKI, FIGR, and FI are easily obtainable in large clinical studies, but these may only be useful as secondary outcome measurements in assessing insulin sensitivity/resistance in clinical studies of Asian Indians.
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Suchy-Dicey, Astrid M., Dean K. Shibata, Tara M. Madhyastha, Thomas J. Grabowski, W. T. Longstreth Jr., and Dedra S. Buchwald. "Findings of Vascular Brain Injury and Structural Loss from Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Elderly American Indians: The Strong Heart Study." Neuroepidemiology 48, no. 1-2 (2017): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000459624.
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Background: The Cerebrovascular Disease and its Consequences in American Indians study conducted cranial MRI examination of surviving participants of the Strong Heart Study, a longitudinal cohort of elderly American Indians. Methods: Of the 1,033 recruited participants, some were unable to complete the MRI (n = 22), some scans were unusable due to participant motion or technical errors (n = 13), and one community withdrew consent after data collection (n = 209), leaving 789 interpretable MRI scan images. Six image sequences were obtained in contiguous slices on 1.5T scanners. Neuroradiologists graded white matter hyperintensities (WMH), sulci, and ventricles on a 0- to 9-point scale, and recorded the presence of infarcts and hemorrhages. Intracranial, brain, hippocampal, and WMH volumes were estimated by automated image processing. Results: The median scores for graded measures were 2 (WMH) and 3 (sulci, ventricles). About one-third of participants had lacunar (20%) or other infarcts (13%); few had hemorrhages (5.7%). Findings of cortical atrophy were also prevalent. Statistical analyses indicated significant associations between older age and findings of vascular injury and atrophy; male gender was associated with findings of cortical atrophy. Conclusions: Vascular brain injury is the likely explanation in this elderly American Indian population for brain infarcts, hemorrhages, WMH grade, and WMH volume. Although vascular brain injury may play a role in other findings, independent degenerative other disease processes may underlie abnormal sulcal widening, ventricular enlargement, hippocampal volume, and total brain volume. Further examination of risk factors and outcomes with these findings may expand the understanding of neurological conditions in this understudied population.
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Ferrari, J. O., M. U. Ferreira, A. Tanaka, and M. Mizokami. "The seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C in an Amerindian population in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 32, no. 3 (June 1999): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86821999000300013.
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We have investigated the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among Karitiana Indians (n = 119) living in the State of Rondônia, southwestern Brazilian Amazon. The prevalences of anti-HBs and anti-HBc were 16.1% and 35.3%, respectively, with HBsAg being found in only four (3.4%) subjects. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected in two subjects (1.7%). Age-stratified prevalence data suggest that both vertical and horizontal (the last among adults) routes of HBV transmission are important in this community.
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Fedotova, V. A., and S. Yu Zhdanova. "Adaptation of Students from India and Arab Countries to the Educational Context of Institutions of Higher Education in Russia." Social Psychology and Society 11, no. 2 (2020): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2020110206.
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Objectives. Identification and analysis of adaptation features, dominant coping strategies and components of the anticipatory competence among foreign students in connection with their cultural affiliation. Background. A contradiction between the amount of empirical data on adaptation and the lack of work aimed at studying the peculiarities of predicting difficult situations in the adaptation process and copying strategies among foreign students due to their cultural affiliation is becoming more and more clearly marked. Study design. The study was conducted using a socio-psychological survey. For data processing and analysis, descriptive statistics and Student t-test were used. Participants. Students from Arab countries (n = 64) and from India (n = 73) acted as respondents. Measurements. Technique «Revised Sociocultural Adaptation Scale» (SCAS-R) (J. Wil¬son, 2013); «Strategic Approach to Coping Scale» (SACS) questionnaire; «The test of antici¬pation competence» (V.D. Mendelevich, 2003). Results. Arab students are easier to adapt to the educational process, they have more developed group involvement, and personal-situational anticipation competence is manifested to a greater extent than among Indians. The Indians are more likely to seek social support, it is extremely difficult for them to predict difficult situations associated with time and interpersonal communication. Conclusions. The results of the study contribute to the identification of coping strategies, adaptation features and anticipation mechanisms, depending on students belonging to a particular culture.