Relevant bibliographies by topics / Indian sex workers

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Indian sex workers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Indian sex workers"

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Vijayakumar, Gowri, Shubha Chacko, and Subadra Panchanadeswaran. "Sex Workers Join the Indian Labor Movement." New Labor Forum 24, no. 2 (April 2015): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1095796015579200.

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Nataraj, Shakthi, and Sutapa Majumdar. "Theorizing the Continuities Between Marriage and Sex Work in the Experience of Female Sex Workers in Pune, Maharashtra." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020052.

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Marriage is near-universal in India, where most cisgender women sex workers have been married at some point in their lives, while also navigating responsibilities to family and children. In this paper, we explore how cisgender women sex workers in Pune, in the Indian state of Maharashtra, experience continuities between sex work and marriage, while navigating an ideological landscape where sex work and marriage are positioned as opposites. Returning to feminist theoretical models that highlight the economic underpinnings of marriage, we outline three arenas in the Indian context where marriage and sex work overlap rather than remaining opposed and separate entities: (a) migration, (b) attributions of respect and stigma, coded through symbols of marriage and sexual availability, and (c) building and dissolving kinship networks that contest the primacy of biological or affinal kin. In each of these realms the distinction between marriage and sex work is a fraught and contested issue, and the roles of wife, mother, and sex worker can shade into one another based on context. We then examine how three women navigate these contradictions, arguing that focusing on kinship and marriage can circumvent the limitations of the choice versus coercion paradigm that structures current debates on sex work.
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Ray, Mona. "Intervention program impacting Indian sex-workers facing socio-economic disparities." International Journal of Social Economics 43, no. 6 (June 13, 2016): 593–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-10-2014-0216.

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Purpose – Since the first case of AIDS was reported in 1986, several HIV/AIDS intervention program operates at the national and regional level in India, to control the spread of this epidemic. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate one intervention program in a major city of India – Kolkata that targets specifically the commercial sex-workers challenged with socio-economic-health disparities. This intervention program called the Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee (DMSC) is located in the Sonagachi area and nicknamed as the “Sonagachi Project.” Design/methodology/approach – The behavioral change of about 500 sex-workers participating in the survey was studied in 2005. The data were collected from the focus groups of the sex-workers; official records and DMSC officials were also interviewed to collect data. The “short-term” outcome and the “long-term” impact of the program were compared with a baseline survey conducted in 1992 by another study. Findings – Participants experienced increased awareness of the disease, increased literacy rate and increased social and economical empowerment. The incidence of HIV/AIDS has gone down significantly among this high-risk group due to safe-sex practice. Social implications – This community-based organization adopts a unique method of engaging the sex-workers as peer educators to train other sex-workers about safe-sex practices and has become the role model for sex-workers in other parts of the world to fight socio-economic-health disparities. Originality/value – This research was conducted by directly contacting the program directors and members of the Sonagachi project and in that sense is first hand information. It gives valuable insights into the struggles these sex-workers had to go through to gain social and economic empowerment.
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Misra, Geetanjali, Ajay Mahal, and Rima Shah. "Protecting the Rights of Sex Workers: The Indian Experience." Health and Human Rights 5, no. 1 (2000): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4065224.

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Sinha, Sunny. "Ethical and Safety Issues in Doing Sex Work Research: Reflections From a Field-Based Ethnographic Study in Kolkata, India." Qualitative Health Research 27, no. 6 (September 19, 2016): 893–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732316669338.

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While much has been said about the risks and safety issues experienced by female sex workers in India, there is a considerable dearth of information about the difficulties and problems that sex work researchers, especially female researchers, experience when navigating the highly political, ideological, and stigmatized environment of the Indian sex industry. As noted by scholars, there are several methodological and ethical issues involved with sex work research, such as privacy and confidentiality of the participants, representativeness of the sample, and informed consent. Yet, there has been reluctance among scholars to comment on their research process, especially with regard to how they deal with the protocols for research ethics when conducting social and behavioral epidemiological studies among female sex workers in India and elsewhere. Drawing on my 7 months of field-based ethnographic research with “flying” or non-brothel-based female sex workers in Kolkata, India, I provide in this article a reflexive account of the problems encountered in implementing the research process, particularly the ethical and safety issues involved in gaining access and acceptance into the sex industry and establishing contact and rapport with the participants. In doing so, it is my hope that future researchers can develop the knowledge necessary for the design of ethical and non-exploitative research projects with sex workers.
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Gupta, Pallavi. "Can Sex Workers Claim Human Rights In India?" International Journal of Civic Engagement and Social Change 1, no. 1 (January 2014): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcesc.2014010104.

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Human Rights by its origin and nature only advocate the welfare and well-being of all persons with equal treatment everywhere, it never discriminate towards any individual, class or group of people in any society. But Indian Governments at all level have failed to protect, the human rights even civil rights of sex workers. It covers problems of the sex workers and their children or child sex workers entered in sex trade by force & fraud but rescued from sex trade and advocates only claim of sex workers to live with dignity as they are also human being and have human rights. It shall focus on responsibility of government to make effective policy and for its good governance to provide justice to the sex workers and their children under the mandate of judicial directions. But this paper does not advocate demand of sex workers to encourage sex trade by any way.
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Liebler, Carolyn A., Jacob Wise, and Richard M. Todd. "Occupational Dissimilarity between the American Indian/Alaska Native and the White Workforce in the Contemporary United States." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 41–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicrj.42.1.liebler.

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Who has which job? When this answer differs by race group or sex, inefficiencies such as labor market discrimination or suboptimal investment in education may be impeding productivity and sustaining inequities. We use US Census data to analyze the occupational structure of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) workers relative to non-Hispanic white workers. Relative to white workers, AI/AN workers are generally overrepresented in low-skilled occupations and underrepresented in high-skilled occupations, especially men and single-race AI/AN workers. AI/AN occupational dissimilarity does not appear to have declined substantially since 1980. Sex-specific multivariate analyses do not remove the significant inequalities in observed occupational outcomes.
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Dada, Yasmina, François Milord, Eric Frost, Jean-Pierre Manshande, Aloys Kamuragiye, Jean Youssouf, Mejdi Khelifa, and Jacques Pépin. "The Indian Ocean paradox revisited: HIV and sexually transmitted infections in the Comoros." International Journal of STD & AIDS 18, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646207781568600.

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The combination of high sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence and low HIV prevalence has been described as the Indian Ocean paradox. To investigate current epidemiology of HIV and STI in the Comoros, we conducted cross-sectional surveys of a representative sample of the adult population, and convenience samples of female sex workers and male STI patients. Only one (0.025%) of 3990 community participants was HIV-infected, while 142 (3.6%) had treponemal antibodies. Treponemal antibodies were not associated with past genital ulcers, number of sexual partners or adverse outcomes of pregnancies; their prevalence did not increase with age and there was no concordance within couples. Thus, most individuals with treponemal antibodies were probably infected during childhood with a non-venereal treponematosis. Only 1/70 (1.4%) and 0/83 sex workers sampled in 2004 and 2005 were HIV-infected. The Comoros have been protected by their insular status, male circumcision and paucity of syphilis. HIV control should focus on sex workers.
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Kotiswaran, Prabha. "Born unto Brothels—Toward a Legal Ethnography of Sex Work in an Indian Red-Light Area." Law & Social Inquiry 33, no. 03 (2008): 579–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00116.x.

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The global sex panic around sex work and trafficking has fostered prostitution law reform worldwide. While the normative status of sex work remains deeply contested, abolitionists and sex work advocates alike display an unwavering faith in the power of criminal law; for abolitionists, strictly enforced criminal laws can eliminate sex markets, whereas for sex work advocates, decriminalization can empower sex workers. I problematize both narratives by delineating the political economy and legal ethnography of Sonagachi, one of India's largest red-light areas. I show how within Sonagachi there exist highly internally differentiated groups of stakeholders, including sex workers, who, variously endowed by a plural rule network—consisting of formal legal rules, informal social norms, and market structures—routinely enter into bargains in the shadow of the criminal law whose outcomes cannot be determined a priori. I highlight the complex relationship between criminal law and sex markets by analyzing the distributional effects of criminalizing customers on Sonagachi's sex industry.
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Sahu, Skylab. "Identity and Other: Women and Transgender Sex Workers in Karnataka." Sociological Bulletin 68, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022918819366.

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Indian society is multicultural in nature, the diverse socio-cultural and the political factors operating within the society usually create some sort of norms, establish dominance, identify normality and simultaneously create the ‘other’. The other is not a monolithic singular identity, rather it is multiple identities associated with caste, class, gender, religion, etc. The female gender is entangled to multiple layers of power/powerlessness that makes a group of women more vulnerable than the other. While some like sex workers face exclusion because of their disclosed identity, non-recognition of any particular identity can further exclude a group of people. This article analyses how identity formation is an out product of social, political and legal construction. It explains the process through which the state contributes towards social exclusion pertaining to gender, work and sexuality.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Indian sex workers"

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Dasgupta, Shruti. "Experiences of Violence and Sex Work among Women Sex Workers in West Bengal, India: A Narrative Analysis." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1524159000871492.

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Sariola, Salla. "Sex workers in Chennai, India : negotiating gender and sexuality in the time of AIDS." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3444.

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Risk of HIV and illness are the dominant context in which sex work is discussed in India and there is a lacuna of social scientific analysis of sex workers’ lives. HIV interventions negotiated between global actors such as UNAIDS, World Bank, USAID etc, the Indian government, state level AIDS prevention bodies, and the local NGOs, have constructed ‘sex work’ as an epidemiological category rather than treating it as a social concept. Based on fieldwork in HIV prevention NGOs, and participant observation and interviews with sex workers in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, in August 2004-August 2005 to understand the realities of the sex workers lives, this thesis proposes research on sex workers, with specific reference to gender and sexuality. Theoretically the research seeks to answer the question: how to understand agency of vulnerable populations and how do sex workers use agency in oppressive environments? This thesis also engages with the feminist debate of selling sex as profession or as oppression of women’s rights. I argue that sex workers actively negotiate sex work and their lives with the means at their disposal. This is done not only in the context of negotiating the risks of sex work but also in the broader context of other needs, for example money, love and sexual desire. While sexuality is a taboo in India, the analysis contributes to the understanding of discourses of women’s sexuality and the sexual behaviour of sex workers in Chennai. While the women’s experiences are closely knit into the global nexus of the HIV industry, sex work comes across as a complicated knot of poverty, desire, women’s oppression, love, cooption, and motherhood.
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Deering, Kathleen Nicole. "The structure of sex work : variability in the numbers and types of sex partners of female sex workers in southern India." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33978.

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Background and objectives: There is limited knowledge of sexual structure (i.e., the numbers, types and distributions of sex partners and patterns of sexual contact) and its relationship with HIV infection and prevention among female sex workers (FSWs). The objectives of this study were therefore: to examine the social and environmental factors associated with the numbers of clients of FSWs; to characterize heterogeneity in sexual structure and assess how sexual structure influences HIV prevalence; and to examine the impact of an HIV intervention on condom use by different partners (clients, intimate partners), as reported by FSWs. Methods: This study used data collected from FSWs and clients in Karnataka state, southern India as part of the Avahan AIDS Initiative, an ongoing large-scale HIV intervention. Bivariate and multivariable statistical techniques were used to examine the relationships between two outcomes (numbers of clients and condom use) and key social and environmental factors, including exposure to the Avahan intervention. A deterministic compartmental mathematical model was developed to understand how sexual structure influenced HIV prevalence on a population level. Results: Sexual structure displayed substantial geographic variation across districts in Karnataka. The most common predictors of higher rates of clients were a reliance on sex work as sole income, younger age, and being single or cohabiting as compared to married. The effect of the solicitation environment (e.g., brothels, public places, homes) varied by district. Intervention exposure was associated with increased condom use by FSWs’ clients, but not their intimate partners. Mathematical modelling identified sexual structure parameters with the largest influence on increasing (numbers of clients of FSWs; numbers of visits to FSWs by clients; frequency of sex acts with repeat clients) and decreasing (duration of the repeat FSW-client partnership; fraction of repeat clients) HIV prevalence within and across districts. Conclusions: Differences in the sexual structure of FSWs and their commercial clients have important implications for HIV transmission dynamics. In light of findings related to both differences in sexual structure across districts and the impact of an intervention on condom use by different partners of FSWs, HIV prevention planners need to tailor interventions to respond to local contexts.
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Blomqvist, Gunilla. "Gender discourses at work : export industry workers and construction workers in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India /." Göteborg : Department of peace and development research, Göteborg university, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40097558q.

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Guha, Mirna. "Negotiations with everyday power and violence : a study of female sex workers' experiences in eastern India." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/66489/.

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Studies on sex work in India have tended to portray female sex workers as either victims or empowered agents. Over the last two decades, binaries of free and forced regarding participation in sex work have been reinforced by development discourses and interventions on HIV/AIDS and human trafficking which target the sex work community in India. This choice/compulsion binary, in turn, has elicited another binary of violent/non-violent social relations, thereby exceptionalising the nature of violence within sex work. This thesis argues against this exceptionalisation by locating an analysis of women’s participation in sex work, and their experiences of power and violence, within a context of everyday social relations in Eastern India. It presents qualitative data generated from eight months of fieldwork across two prominent red-light areas in Kolkata, a shelter home for rescued female sex workers in its southern suburb, Narendrapur, and villages in the South 24 Parganas district in West Bengal. Analysis shows that the research subjects’ experiences of power and violence in social relations with members of the household, community, market and state (Kabeer, 1994) and experiences of deviance (Becker, 1963) in these relationships, shape pathways into, lives within and pathways out of sex work. It highlights the cyclical nature of gender-based violence and power inequalities across the lives (Ellsberg and Heise, 2005) of women formerly and currently in sex work. Struggles with power and violence prior to entering sex work continue in different forms within sex work and persist even after women leave, often leading to a return to sex work. These findings problematize static readings of female sex workers’ victimhood and agency. Instead, they present a contextually nuanced analysis of their dynamic experiences and negotiations, rooted within an understanding of wider regional,social and cultural norms on women’s sexuality, mobility and labour force participation.
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Patet, Nisha. "Women in the construction labor force : women's participation in the construction sector in India /." This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02162010-020112/.

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Carrière, Damien. "Filtering class through space : security guards and urban territories in Delhi, India." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC026/document.

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Les gardiens de sécurités sont présents en grand nombre dans les quartiers des classes moyennes et supérieures de Delhi et dans les centres commerciaux. Je demande : quels effets ces gardiens de sécurité ont sur la ville de Delhi. Il n’apparaît pas que la capitale de l’Inde soit submergée par la criminalité qui justifie l’emploi d’un quart de million d’hommes —qui d’ailleurs n’enrayent pas la criminalité contre les femmes. Il apparaît que les gardiens de sécurité ont essentiellement pour rôle de marquer le territoire qu’ils surveillent comme étant celui des classes moyennes et supérieures. Le premier chapitre expose en détail la méthodologie de ce travail. Le second propose une « phénoménologie des gardiens de sécurité », c’est-à-dire une description de qui ils sont et du travail qu’ils font. Celui-ci tend à remettre en cause la notion d’espace public. Le troisième chapitre s’intéresse au cadre légale et montre les contradictions internes de celui-ci. Non seulement les lois ne sont pas cohérentes, mais elles sont surtout ignorées. Cela ne doit pas être perçu comme un affaiblissement de l’État mais comme un renforcement de la position des classes moyennes et supérieures dans le contrôle de la ville. Dans le quatrième chapitre je propose de placer les gardiens de sécurité dans l’économie politique de Delhi. Je montre comment ils participent de retarder les crise du système capitaliste notamment en absorbant une partie de la main d’œuvre surnuméraire. Le système qui permet aux gardiens de sécurité de travailler repose sur une division genrée du travail qu’ils contribuent à accentuer en renforçant la domination masculine sur les rues de Delhi
Security guards have become a fixture of a city like Delhi. They stand on duty in every upper and middle-class neighborhood and in every mall. I ask : what are the effects of security guards on the city of Delhi. It does not appear that the criminality in Delhi would justify the recruitment and deployment of a quarter of a million men —who are not successful in stopping criminality against women. It appears that the role of security guards is to mark the territory that they keep on watch as belonging to the upper and middle-classes. The first chapter exposes in details the methodology employed for data collection. The second one proposes a “phenomenology of security guards”, that is, a close description of who they are and the work they do. Their work interrogates on the making and unmaking of public space. The third chapter pays attention to the legal framework and shows that the laws framing the work of security guards are neither coherent, neither respected. This should not be interpreted like a weakening of the state but rather like a reinforcement of the domination of middle and upper-class over the control of the city. In the fourth chapters I deploy the vocabulary of political economy to explain the role played in it by private security guardianship. I show that it participates in keeping at bay crisis by absorbing a significant surplus population. The system that permits the guards to work rests on a gendered division of labor which they contribute to reinforce by keeping Delhi’s street masculine
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Kumar, Chander. "Reflections on Lal Batti." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/384.

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This project draws on aspects of research into the plight of women prostitutes working in Lal Batti areas of India. The project considers historical, contemporary and personal texts that form the basis of a creative synthesis. This synthesis is manifest in the design of five fabric-based artworks that seek to interpret issues of manipulation, entrapment, belonging, spirituality and demise. The project is located beyond the boundaries of fashion design. However, it involves an artistic fusion of garment construction, fabric and surface treatment. In doing this, the thesis seeks to give ‘voice’ to a political commentary that reaches beyond commercial uses of garments for display and protection.
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Routh, Supriya. "Informal Workers in India: Reconceptualizing Labour Law to Promote Capabilities." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4818.

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The Constitution of India provides the basis of labour jurisprudence in the country. It promises right to work, right to livelihood, right against forced labour, right against child labour, equal treatment of all workers, equal pay for equal work, appropriate conditions at work, and the overall social, economic and political justice to the people. These constitutional promises find specific expression in the numerous labour-related statutes enacted in furtherance of workers’ welfare. However, the constitutional promises remain unrealized for the approximately 92% of informal workers who are largely excluded from the purview of the labour laws and accordingly, lead marginalized and precarious lives devoid of dignity. Against this backdrop, I analyze whether a capabilities-inspired approach to labour law can address the concerns of informal workers in India and promote their dignified life. After reviewing the literature around informal economic activities, I argue that it is important to adopt a worker-centered approach that focuses on informal employment. Informal employment is varied and because of this the problems and concerns associated with the different categories of informal workers differ. For this reason, I focus on one specific category of informal activity – waste-picking – in one city – Kolkata – in order to ascertain whether a human development approach to labour law is capable of addressing the specific concerns of these waste-pickers. Drawing on the work of labour law scholars who develop the capability approach formulated by Amartya Sen, I consider whether it is suitable as a basis for labour law designed for informal workers in general and waste-pickers in particular. Using a case study of the informal activity of waste picking in Kolkata, I identify the specific capability deprivations suffered by waste-pickers and argue that the capabilities approach can supplement the International Labour Organization’s social dialogue pillar of its Decent Work Agenda to address the work-related concerns of waste-pickers. Based on the International Labour Organization’s social dialogue strategy, I envisage a mechanism through which waste-pickers along with other stakeholders could be integrated in a democratic dialogue process leading to the formulation of a capability-promoting labour law.
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McClarty, Leigh Michelle. "Potential barriers and facilitators to future HIV vaccine acceptability and uptake among marginalised communities in Karnataka, south India: perspectives of frontline health service providers." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22027.

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HIV in Karnataka, south India disproportionately burdens female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM). The best long-term strategy for managing the global HIV epidemic might involve a preventive vaccine; however, vaccine availability cannot guarantee its acceptability. An exploratory, cross-sectional study was conducted among frontline health service providers (HSPs) working with MSM/FSWs in relation to HIV-related health services in Karnataka. Face-to-face structured interviews were performed to better understand potential barriers/facilitators to acceptability/uptake of a future HIV vaccine among MSM/FSW communities. Descriptive analyses explored HSPs’ perceptions of vaccine acceptability/uptake and likelihood to recommend an HIV vaccine. Although HSPs mentioned numerous potential barriers to future HIV vaccine acceptability/uptake, most believed that MSM/FSWs would be willing to receive the vaccine to protect their health and avoid HIV. HSPs reported being very likely to recommend the vaccine, however young age of potential vaccine recipients negatively affected likelihood to recommend.
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Books on the topic "Indian sex workers"

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Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women., ed. Gender and human rights: Status of women workers in India. Delhi: Shipra, 2004.

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Initiative, Avahan-India AIDS. Clinic operational guidelines & standards: Comprehensive STI services for sex workers in Avahan-supported clinics in India. New Delhi: Āvāhan - India AIDS Initiative, 2006.

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Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS., ed. Female sex worker HIV prevention projects: Lessons learnt from Papua New Guinea, India, and Bangladesh. Geneva: UNAIDS, 2000.

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Human rights violations against the transgender community: A study of Kothi and Hijra sex workers in Bangalore, India. Bangalore: PUCL-K, 2003.

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When women come first: Gender and class in transnational migration. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.

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1920-2000, Comfort Alex, Fowkes Charles, and Vātsyāyana, eds. The illustrated Koka Shastra: Medieval Indian writings onlove based on the Kama Sutra. New York: Simon & Schuster Editions, 1997.

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Vatsyayana. The love teachings of Kama sutra: With extracts from Koka shastra, Ananga ranga, and other famous Indian works on love. New York: Marlowe & Company, 1997.

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Vatsyayana. The love teachings of Kama sutra: With extracts from Koka shastra, Ananga ranga, and other famous Indian works on love. London: Guild Publishingy, 1988.

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Robert, Elliot. Views in India, China, and on the shores of the Red Sea. London: H. Fisher, R. Fisher & P. Jackson, 1986.

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Northern, Tamara. To image and to see: Crow Indian photographs by Edward S. Curtis and Richard Throssel, 1905-1910. Hanover, N.H: Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Indian sex workers"

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Naujoks, Daniel. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Indian Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 163–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_9.

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AbstractAs the country with the world’s largest emigrant population and a long history of international mobility, India has adopted a multi-faceted institutional and policy framework to govern migration and diaspora engagement. This chapter provides a broad overview of initiatives on social protection for Indians abroad, shedding light on specific policy designs to include and exclude different populations in India and abroad. In addition to programmes by the national government, the chapter discusses initiatives at the sub-national level. The chapter shows that India has established a set of policies for various diaspora populations that are largely separate from the rules and policies adopted for nationals at home. Diaspora engagement policies, and especially policies aimed at fostering social protection of Indians abroad, are generally not integrated into national social protection policies. There is a clear distinction between policies that are geared towards the engagement of ethnic Indian populations whose forefathers have left Indian shores many generations ago, Indian communities in OECD countries – mostly US, Canada, Europe and Australia – and migrant workers going on temporary assignments to countries in the Persian Gulf. The chapter offers a discussion of the key differences, drivers, and limitations of existing policies.
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Navarrete Gil, Cynthia, Manjula Ramaiah, Andrea Mantsios, Clare Barrington, and Deanna Kerrigan. "Best Practices and Challenges to Sex Worker Community Empowerment and Mobilisation Strategies to Promote Health and Human Rights." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 189–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_11.

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AbstractSex workers face a number of health and human rights challenges including heightened risk for HIV infection and suboptimal care and treatment outcomes, institutional and interpersonal violence, labour rights violations, and financial insecurity. In response, sex worker-led groups have been formed and sustained across geographic settings to address these challenges and other needs. Over the last several decades, a growing body of literature has shown that community empowerment approaches among sex workers are associated with significant reductions in HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Yet legal and policy environments, as well as funding constraints, have often limited the reach, along with the impact and sustainability, of such approaches.In this chapter, we first review the literature on community empowerment and mobilisation strategies as a means to collectively address HIV, violence, and other health and human rights issues among sex workers. We then utilise two case studies, developed by the sex worker-led groups APROASE in Mexico and Ashodaya Samithi in India, to illustrate and contextualise community empowerment processes and challenges, including barriers to scale-up. By integrating the global literature with context-specific case studies, we distil lessons learned and recommendations related to community empowerment approaches among sex workers.
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Papola, T. S. "Women Workers in the Formal Sector of Lucknow, India." In Sex Inequalities in Urban Employment in the Third World, 171–212. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18467-5_4.

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von Kessel, Sabina. "What Do You See? Research on Visual Communication Design to Promote Positive Change for Unorganized Workers in Karnataka, India." In ICoRD’15 – Research into Design Across Boundaries Volume 2, 641–51. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2229-3_55.

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Andrea, Cornwall. "Sangli Stories: Researching Indian Sex Workers’ Intimate Lives." In Researching Sex and Sexualities. Zed Books, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350222281.ch-012.

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Gupta, Pallavi. "Can Sex Workers Claim Human Rights in India?" In Human Rights and Ethics, 1811–27. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6433-3.ch100.

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Human Rights by its origin and nature only advocate the welfare and well-being of all persons with equal treatment everywhere, it never discriminate towards any individual, class or group of people in any society. But Indian Governments at all level have failed to protect, the human rights even civil rights of sex workers. It covers problems of the sex workers and their children or child sex workers entered in sex trade by force & fraud but rescued from sex trade and advocates only claim of sex workers to live with dignity as they are also human being and have human rights. It shall focus on responsibility of government to make effective policy and for its good governance to provide justice to the sex workers and their children under the mandate of judicial directions. But this paper does not advocate demand of sex workers to encourage sex trade by any way.
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Tambe, Ashwini. "Social Geographies of Bombay’s Sex Trade, 1880–1920." In Bombay Before Mumbai, 147–68. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190061708.003.0008.

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This chapter explores the relationship between spatial and social stratification in Bombay, focusing on the history of Kamathipura. With its heterogeneous racial makeup, this officially sanctioned red light zone was an exception to the orderly delineation of European and Indian spaces in the colonial city of Bombay. What did it mean that differently hailed social groups lived side by side in the same set of streets? Drawing on Jim Masselos’s call to examine, at a granular level, how social distinctions were drawn and maintained in proximity, this chapter focuses on struggles between Europeans and Indians to claim specific streets in Kamathipura. It recounts the history of migration of European and Indian sex workers and the conflicts that intensified in the early 1900s as the population of the city grew. It also reflects on how racial hierarchies were experienced by onlookers: even though Indian and European brothel workers lived side by side, social stratification was observed in ways that were felt deeply; class and caste enacted a clear grammar of difference. The story of how this part of Bombay emerged as the iconic center of its sex trade is a reminder of how intense social stratification can be experienced amidst the dense sharing of public space.
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De, Rohit. "The Case of the Honest Prostitute." In A People's Constitution, 169–214. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691174433.003.0005.

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This chapter studies the new laws against prostitution, enacted to enforce Article 23 of the Constitution, which sought to end the trafficking of women. For nationalists and leaders of the Indian women's movement, independence meant the achievement of constitutional and legal equality and the emergence of the republican female citizen as a moral, productive member of society. However, legislators and social workers were confronted by a different conception of freedom when sex workers began to file constitutional challenges to the anti-trafficking laws. They asserted their constitutional right to a trade or a profession and to freedom of movement around the country, and they challenged the procedural irregularities in the new statutes. The chapter then demonstrates that despite the sex workers' minimal success in the courts, this litigation prompted mobilization and associational politics outside the court and brought rights language into the everyday life of the sex trade.
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Cornish, Flora. "Targeting HIV or Targeting Social Change? The Role of Indian Sex Workers’ Collectives in Challenging Gender Relations." In Gender and HIV/AIDS, 121–42. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315583907-7.

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Subhalakshmi, G. "Protection of Sex Workers in India." In Delivering Justice, 43–52. Routledge India, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429324062-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Indian sex workers"

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Sambasivan, Nithya, Julie Weber, and Edward Cutrell. "Designing a phone broadcasting system for urban sex workers in India." In the 2011 annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1978980.

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Shamsunder, Saritha, Kavita Agarwal, Archana Mishra, and Sunita Malik. "Sample survey of cancer awareness in health care workers." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685266.

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Objective: To see the awareness about cancer in women among ASHA workers. Place of Study: Awareness Sessions at Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. Background: ASHA workers are the first point of contact for women in the community & bridge the back between the hospital and women. They have been instrumental in the success of the family planning programme & polio eradication program in India. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire about educational status, awareness about breast & cervical cancer statistics, methods of screening and diagnosis was distributed to Accredited Social Health Activists appointed by the government at two educational sessions organized at Safdarjung hospital. Results: Of the 200 ASHA workers attending, 188 completed the questionnaire. Their educational status ranged from 7th standard to post-graduate, majority had studied up to 10th standard. Their sources of information were mostly television and mobile phones, 23% had knowledge about internet, 36% were using Whats app. Only 28% knew about the commonest cancer in Indian women. Regarding breast cancer, 63% were aware of self examination of breasts, 41% knew the frequency of self examination; awareness about symptoms of breast cancer was prevalent in 46%, 24% knew about risk factors of breast cancer. Regarding Cervical Cancer, 28% knew about risk factors, 22% knew about symptoms of cervical cancer; 19% knew about screening methods for cervical cancer, 9.5% knew the screening intervals. Conclusion: Health education about cancer prevention should start at the primary school level. Special educational & motivational sessions for ASHA workers could help in cancer prevention programs.
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Jana, Smarajit. "S05.2 Mobilising for health and rights: a history of sex worker activism in india." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.33.

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Sharma, Santosh Kumar. "P4.117 Association between mobility, violence and sti/hiv among female sex workers in urban andhra pradesh, india." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.612.

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Ballen, Cissy J., and Shima Salehi. "STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (SEM) IN BIOLOGY EDUCATION RESEARCH: MOVING BEYOND “WHAT WORKS” TO UNDERSTAND HOW IT WORKS, AND FOR WHOM." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-316162.

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Shaligram, Avinash, and Rajesh Deshpande. "HVAC Sustainability Research Park." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18251.

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Energy Crisis and Environment Balance have been occupying a leading position internationally in both, the sociopolitical arena and technological developments. A developing country like India is under dual pressure to provide economic prosperity to its burgeoning population while maintaining the energy-environment balance. Current challenging situation is a good opportunity to develop products and systems which not only provide customer satisfaction at competitive prices but also does it in a sustainable, resource-friendly way. This paper outlines a proposal to set up a Research Park in an academic institute with the theme of Sustainability in HVAC field. The idea is to collaborate with the industry and association partners so that the students and faculty together can work on joint R & D projects which ultimately will result into innovative energy-saving and environment-friendly technological products and systems. The metric on which the Research Park will base its output target is the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions through a multi-pronged approach. In this paper, a baseline of annual energy consumption by the HVAC sector in India has been drawn which works out to 137,026 GWh translating into 123.32 Million Metric Tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions.
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Karuppannan, Srinivasan, Bhirud Mehul, Gullapalli Sivaramakrishna, Raju D. Navindgi, and N. Muthuveerappan. "CFD Analyses of Flow in a Gas Turbine Combustor Swirl Cup." In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4725.

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Swirl cups (hybrid atomizers) are being widely employed in aero gas turbine engine combustors for their established merits in terms of achieving satisfactory atomization over the entire combustor operating regime. Even though several investigators have worked on development of these swirl cups, there is a scanty data reported in literature relevant to their design. In the present study, flow behavior in a swirl cup assembled in a confined chamber similar to a gas turbine combustor has been analyzed. Flow analysis has been carried out using ANSYS Fluent and turbulence has been modeled using Realizable k-ϵ model. Six swirl cup configurations have been analyzed; mass flow ratio between primary and secondary swirler and venturi converging area ratio have been varied. The effect of these parameters on downstream flow field has been studied by analyzing the profiles of axial, tangential and radial velocities downstream of swirl cup. The size and shape of the recirculation zone has been analyzed and reported for all configurations. Also, the mass flow recirculated by swirl cup has been estimated and compared amongst the configurations analyzed. Data thus generated is very useful in designing such swirl cups of gas turbine combustors.
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Kumar, Saurabh, Anirban Mitra, and Haraprasad Roy. "Forced Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Plates With Geometric Nonlinearity." In ASME 2015 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2015-1390.

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Forced vibration analysis has been carried out on functionally graded plates where the material properties vary along axial direction. The geometric nonlinearity is incorporated in the system using nonlinear strain displacement relations. An indirect methodology is adopted in which the dynamic system is assumed to satisfy the force equilibrium condition at peak excitation amplitude, thus reducing the problem to an equivalent static case. The computational points are selected and start functions are generated at those points by satisfying the flexural and membrane boundary conditions of the plate. The start functions are later used for generating higher order functions using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation procedure. The mathematical formulation is based on the variational form of energy principles and the governing equations are derived using Hamilton’s principle. The set of nonlinear governing equations is solved using an iterative direct substitution method employing an appropriate relaxation technique. The results are generated for combinations of clamped and simply supported boundary conditions and presented in amplitude-frequency plane. Three dimensional operational deflection shape plots along with contour plots are also provided for some cases. Results are validated with the works available in the literature.
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Bonne, D., S. Dubiez-LeGoff, and B. Drubay. "Codification of 316LN in RCC-MR Code: Experience and Prospective Projects." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25679.

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The 316L with controlled nitrogen austenitic stainless steel is widely used in nuclear construction. The main components of Superphenix (SPX) as the main vessel, internals, intermediate heat exchangers and piping loops operating at high temperature, have been made using this grade. The RCC-MR code has gathered the feedback from the SPX construction. Later the results of European Fast Reactor R&D Programs have been integrated also in the code. Creep strain laws, cyclic and fatigue curves, and fatigue-creep interaction diagram are available in the RCC-MR database, but also it can be found specific filler metal for welding, and dedicated Reference Procurement Specifications. Today, this material, referred to as “316L with controlled nitrogen”, tabulated in RCC-MR is still relevant for current reactor projects. The Indian Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) uses this austenitic stainless steel and ITER has selected this alloy for the Vacuum Vessel, with a few additional requirements to comply with its own technical constraints — 316L(N) ITER Grade —. In France, the Sodium Fast Reactor Project (SFR) keeps using the 316L with controlled nitrogen for its major components in sodium with a new challenge regarding the extension of design life to 60 years and confirming its ability to be manufactured using new technologies (large forgings, automatic welding…). In this way, studies are carried out either to validate the current rules or to propose new ones. In particular, the validation of the negligible irradiation curve and the determination of a suitable thermal ageing coefficient, are under consideration, for base metal and for weldments too. Future edition of RCC-MR will include the conclusion of these works. The objective of this paper is to recall the main current data available for 316L with controlled nitrogen and to discuss the approach adopted to take into account for this grade the extension of design life.
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Yadav, Udaivir, and Pawan Negi. "Free Span Rectifications in Submarine Pipeline Projects: A Case Study." In ASME 2017 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2017-2429.

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Seabed features along a subsea pipeline route are highly stochastic. Free spans may be created in the pipelines due to seabed irregularities, subsequent scouring, and horizontal movements of pipeline during operation. It is quite common to encounter free spanning sections along the pipeline route from the very start till the end. Spanning of subsea pipelines is a primary area of concern not only in the detailed design and installation stage but also during the operation stage. For ensuring the pipeline safety during operation, underwater surveys must be conducted at suitable intervals. The frequency of such pipeline free spanning surveys depends on the operators’ interest and the statutory requirements. The static and dynamic characteristic of the pipeline spans should be investigated to ensure that the pipeline can be operated within acceptable safety levels. The unsupported spans that incur static as well as dynamic loads on the pipeline, may lead to vortex-induced vibrations and ultimately fatigue, and thus affecting the pipeline serviceability and design life. Vortex induced vibrations are not allowed to occur in the operation life as far as the conventional design is considered but DNV - RP - F105 allows the onset of vortex induced vibrations provided that the fatigue damage due to vortex induced vibrations doesn’t exceed the allowable values. Pipe soil interaction has a huge impact on the pipeline design as well as the pipeline service life. Analysis of the existing conditions and stress levels based on the site-specific surveys and environmental data needs to be carefully carried out for determining the acceptability of spans and the effective intervention works if required. Hydrological studies and numerical modeling may also need to be carried out for sediment transportation analysis and for proper assessment & quantification of sea bed erosion, trenching and backfilling requirements. In the present work, the acceptable criteria in terms of static and dynamic stresses and fatigue damage limits due to vortex induced vibrations as per DNV - RP - F105 have been discussed. Further comprehensive analysis philosophy and the criticalities in the design analysis for free spanning of subsea pipeline are presented. A case study based on an offshore project in western India has been presented involving the major project issues. The main areas of concerns & challenges faced are examined in detail. Further study has been conducted for the other available strategic solutions in the VIV mitigation and rectification of free spanning sections.
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