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1
Ranjan, Rajeev, Prasenjit Chatterjee, and Shankar Chakraborty. "Performance evaluation of Indian Railway zones using DEMATEL and VIKOR methods." Benchmarking: An International Journal 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-09-2014-0088.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose the application of a decision-making tool for performance evaluation of Indian Railway zones. It basically seeks to analyze the effects of various evaluation criteria on the performance of Indian Railways using a combined multi-criteria decision-making approach which employs decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and “VIse Kriterijumska Optimizacija kompromisno Resenje” (VIKOR) methods. Design/methodology/approach – The performance of 16 Indian Railway zones is first evaluated using DEMATEL method which addresses the inter-relationships between different criteria with the aid of a relationship structure. The VIKOR method which is a compromise ranking approach is then adopted to rank those candidate railway zones. Pareto analysis is also carried out to identify the benchmark railway zones for the under/poor performers so as to improve their operational excellence. Findings – A numerical example from Indian Railways is illustrated and solved for better understanding of the integrated decision-making tool in which the relevant information for the considered railway zones with respect to different evaluation criteria are collected from various websites and Indian Railways annual statistical report. Western and North-Eastern zones, respectively, take the first and the last positions in the derived ranking list. The relevance of selecting different performance indices/evaluation criteria is also discussed. Practical implications – The application of this integrated methodology would serve as a systematic approach for measurement of the aggregate operational performance of Indian Railway zones so as to gain valuable academic and practical insights. It is also expected to provide an insightful guidance to the railway administrators in taking valuable strategic decisions in promoting the service of Indian Railways. Originality/value – The integrated DEMATEL-VIKOR method is conceptually simple and easily comprehensible which can consider numerous attributes simultaneously. This paper enables the readers to gain some valuable inputs from a managerial perspective for Indian Railways to formulate strategies for its zones to foster better performance.
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Shunmugaselvi, R., and V. Darling Selvi. "FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN RAILWAY." BSSS Journal of Commerce 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51767/joc1402.
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Indian railway is a popular mode of transport in India. It provides comfortable journey to every class of people. It is very helpful in transferring heavy & large materials like jute, cement, petroleum etc. from one part of the country to another part. It is the world’s largest government-owned monopoly, annually carrying passenger numbers that surpass the global population. It is world’s fourth largest rail network after the U.S.A., China, and Russia, and is managed by a separate Ministry of Railways. The operating ratios have consistently been around 90% in the past several years, indicating that that the capability to generate operational surplus is low. Further, its expenditure on staff and their pensions has been increasing. Consequently, capacity growth is increasingly being funded through borrowings, which threatens to further worsen the financial situation. Thus, Railway services in India are often perceived as being inefficient and unsatisfactory. This paper shows a review of assets and liabilities of Indian Railways. This paper is focused on total assets and total liabilities of Indian Railway. The study is entirely based on secondary data that is from annual reports of Indian railway. Share capital, Reserve and Surplus, Current liabilities, Current Assets and Fixed Assets are mentioned. The study covers the period of seventeen years (from year 2005 to year 2021) and discusses ups and downs within this area.
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Shunmugaselvi, R., and V. Darling Selvi. "Passengers’ Reflections on Railway Amenities." ComFin Research 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v11i2.6127.
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Indian Railways is the largest railway network in Asia. With a modest beginning in India on April 16, 1853, when the first wheels rolled on rails from Bombay to Thane, the Indian Railways has emerged today as the main vehicle for socio-economic development of the country. Some of the services provided by Indian Railways are freight services, parcel carrier and catering, tourism services and other related services owned by the Government of India. Indian Railways is the largest railway network in Asia. With 1.3 million employees, it is the largest employer in the organized sector in India. The main objective of this study is to analyse the passenger satisfaction and problems regarding the service provided by the Indian railways. Primary data were collected by interviewing 75 passengers of Rail transport in Tirunelveli with a specially prepared interview schedule. The researcher has applied Simple Percentage analysis, Weighted Average and one sample t- test with the help of SPSS. It is observed from the study that the sample group mainly consists of female respondents from the age group of 20-40. Most of the respondents are unmarried and graduates and are living in urban area. Most of the respondents are students and they prefer train travel because of comforts. Passengers are highly satisfied of A/C class fare. If the fare is fixed on the basis of distance, the passengers will be more satisfied.
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Dr. S. Sathya and Dr. T. Mohanraj. "A Study On Employees Job Satisfaction In Indian Railway (With Reference to Salem Division of Southern Railway)." GIS Business 15, no. 2 (February 9, 2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v15i2.18895.
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Job satisfaction of employees is considered as one of the important factors for improving the organizational goals. The Indian railway is similar to the attempt to increase employee job satisfaction. In this regard, human resource management practices can have a critical role. This study focused on problems in working environment and various welfare activities in Indian railways. Moreover, this research attempted to examine the variables on job satisfaction separately. The total 354 collected data from Salem railway division of southern railways have been tested and analyzed by one way ANOVA Analysis.
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Bogart, Dan, and Latika Chaudhary. "Extractive institutions? Investor returns to Indian railway companies in the age of high imperialism." Journal of Institutional Economics 15, no. 5 (September 12, 2019): 751–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137419000237.
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AbstractDid colonial policies in India deliver excessive returns to British investors? We answer this question using annual data on Indian securities trading on the London Stock Exchange. We present new series on market capitalization, capital gains, dividend yields, and total returns of railway securities from 1880 to 1929. The average annual total return on the largest and most important Indian railway securities was 3.7%. These returns were not excessive by any financial standard. Indeed, they were lower than the return on railway securities in North America, Latin America, and Asia. We also undertake an event study analysis to assess whether Indian railways significantly benefited British investors. When the Government of India purchased large positions in the private railway companies between 1880 and 1910, there were opportunities for profit making. However, we find no evidence of abnormal investor returns in the years leading to the purchase of railway companies. Broadly our findings call into question the extractive nature of colonial railway policy.
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Sharma, Haresh Kumar, Saibal Majumder, Arindam Biswas, Olegas Prentkovskis, Samarjit Kar, and Paulius Skačkauskas. "A Study on Decision-Making of the Indian Railways Reservation System during COVID-19." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (July 1, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7685375.
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The Indian Railways Reservation System (IRRS) is one of the world’s busiest reservation systems of railway tickets. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic situation has severely impacted the Indian Railway’s (IR) transportation, which eventually has enforced the IR to alter the passenger reservation system. This research attempts to evaluate and analyse the factors that modify the IRRS. In this research, a rough set-based Data Mining Scaffolding (DMS) has been proposed. Here, the relevant preferential information related to the IRRS is managed by introducing a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), where a decision-maker (DM) can make a decision based on several decision rules. The effectiveness of the proposed DMS is explained by gathering realistic data of 26 trains, which run between railway stations of two metro cities of India during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
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Aware, Sanyam. "Indian Railway Tweet Monitoring System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40760.
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Abstract: In today’s fast paced and competitive world, India is home to one of the world’s largest railway networks. According to statistical facts, approximately 22 million passengers travel via trains every day. A majority of them are on various social networking site including Twitter, adding to this, more than 200 million users are active daily on this application, tweeting more than 500 million tweets every day, out of them, at least 600 are based on the sole topic of complaining about railways, about 5% are suggestions and etc. To help out the Indian Railway Ministry to quickly classify and/or clarify the tweets as soon as possible and in a much more efficient manner, we would provide a solution by helping them classify the types of posts such as if it is a complaint, or just feedback, or some other type. Since almost everyone on this planet wishes to get a swift and quick response for any query they have, this application would allow the whole team behind the scenes to efficiently handle all the tweets, give a response to the posts, and allows them enough time to get working on an issue.
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‘Ranjan’, Rajeev Kumar, Nitin Thapar, Shoaib Alam Siddiqui, and Arun Kant Painoli. "Assessing the Service Quality Attributes Affecting the Satisfaction of the Northern Railway Passengers: An Empirical Study." Journal of New Business Ventures 1, no. 1-2 (June 2020): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2632962x20961052.
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The present study aims to assess the intangible attributes of the service that have an impact on customer satisfaction. The Intangible attributes attached to the service, are difficult to determine. The Indian Railway network is one of the largest railway networks in the world. It is spread over 115,000 km having 21,617 passenger trains carrying 23 million passengers every day. In terms of revenue generation, it is a major contributor to the Indian economy but even then, the service level is very poor as compared to the other parts of the world. Due to increased competition in the modes of transportation, the Service attributes of Indian Railway acts as a strong influencer on Passenger Satisfaction. Indian Railways has a huge potential in terms of economic benefits if their service quality is improved. Various studies have tried to identify the important attributes regarding the Service Quality of Indian Railway. The SERVQUAL model provided important insights into the service attributes. The study attempts to identify the gap that exists in the service level, that is, service offered by the Indian Railway and expectation of the customers. In the study, only internal aspects like facilities (attributes) which make the journey comfortable and the absence of these attributes makes the passengers’ journey uncomfortable are included. The result indicates that there exists a considerable gap in Reliability and Assurance dimensions of Railway service quality and the most important factors determining satisfaction of passengers are basic facilities, safety and security, cleanliness and employee behaviour towards passengers.
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Gupta, Saumya, Jaspreet Singh Sandhu, Vikas Deep, and Purushottam Sharma. "Aadhar Card Based Double Identity Verification System for Railway." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.31 (August 24, 2018): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.31.18238.
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“The reservation system of the Indian Railways is an enormous database system dealing with about millions of passengers everyday. Many of these passengers travel with a reservation however a lot more travel with unreserved tickets. In this measureless system, it is an extraordinary task to competently handle this data, which is the basic demand of the management. The problems with the existing scenario are Corruption, User Authentication Security Issues, Over population, Inefficient Railway Management. This paper presents an approach to tackle these problems in a much efficient manner. In case of Indian Railways, detailed passenger data is handled for reservations and in order to provide fast and efficient services, the data has to be processed and verified at a fast pace. For the Indian railways, enhancing the existent system with ADHAAR Card Identification will reduce manual intervention to a great extent. Also the verification of the passengers would be comprehensive and safe. The ADHAAR Card Based railway System will handle the passenger data more effectively and easily”.
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Gunaki, Pradip, and Karthik S. "Utilization of Indian railway bio-toilet waste as an agriculture fertilizer." Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 69, no. 12A (April 28, 2022): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2021/30124.
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The Indian Railways have been widely chastised for dumping human waste on railway tracks, which pollutes the environment and makes human life difficult. Indian Railways are working hard to solve this problem by developing environmentally friendly toilet facilities. The bio toilets were adopted by the Indian Railways to handle this problem in an environmentally friendly manner. However, due to the failure of these bio-digesters for a variety of causes, new problems have arisen, so this paper outlines the issues raised by bio-toilets and how to address them, which satisfies the major objective of Swaccha Bharat Abhiyan.
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Chintala, Venkateswarlu. "Indian Railways Plastic Waste to Energy Conversion: Current Scenario, Challenges and Recommendations." Journal of Sustainable Science and Transformative Research - Reviews & Letters is 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56703/ikst2289/zalr7692.
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Indian Railways (IR) is the third largest in the world and economic transportation mode in India. A recent report by Central Pollution Control Board, Government of India revealed that most of the IR stations failed to comply on solid waste management especially on treatment of plastic waste. Hence, this study is aimed to explore potential plastic waste resources/generation across Indian Railway Units (IRUs) and to recommend eco-smart energy solutions to improve plastic waste management at IRUs. Significant problems related to collection, segregation, and treatment of railway mixed plastic waste were addressed. Recent initiatives by IR to eradicate the plastic pollution in IRUs were highlighted in the study. Eco-smart solutions such as financial rewarding system, concession in railway ticket price, priority reservation during booking of railway tickets, converting the unsegregated waste into valuable products of railway platform tiles, pavements, and bricks were recommended. Finally, the study provides comprehensive perspective of plastic waste to energy conversion in terms of plasto-oil, plasto-char, and plasto-gas products
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Zakharov, V. B., and E. Komarov. "Railways of India. Time to update and upgrade." BRIСS Transport 2, no. 3 (October 25, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2023.3.3.
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By the second decade of the XXI century, the railway transport of India came up with an important result — the Program announced on April 1, 1992, called Unigauge for the transfer of the railway network to a single gauge of 1676 mm was basically completed. In 2022, the operational length of wide-gauge roads on the Indian railway network was 65,094 km, or 95.7 % of its entire length. This opened up the possibility of creating a modern unified railway transport system and organizing its optimal interaction with other modes of transport.The management of the railway transport of India, represented by the Ministry of Railways, has focused efforts on the modernization of all components of the large railway economy — strengthening track structures, upgrading bridge facilities, introducing modern means of ensuring train traffic and transportation safety, updating rolling stock. The basis for improving the work of railway transport is the electrification of railways, the completion of which is planned in the next decade.All decisions taken to modernize railways are aimed at reducing operating costs, improving efficiency, environmental cleanliness, comfort and speed of passenger travel, reducing the delivery time of goods, as well as improving the safety of transportation by rail.
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R. Malathy, D. Deepalakshmi, and Syedibrahim. "Strength Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Sleepers with Steel Slag Partial Replacement." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 13, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13074/jent.2024.03.241513.
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Prestressed concrete sleepers (PCS) are very popular and commonly used by Indian Railways. This research is aimed at studying the behavior of concrete sleepers made with steel slag as a partial replacement for traditional cement concrete. A pre-stressed concrete railway sleeper was made using energy-optimizing furnace (EOF) steel slag, a byproduct in the steel manufacturing process, partially in the place of coarse aggregate, following the Indian Railways Standard (T39-85) for sleepers. EOF steel slag coarse aggregates were subjected to a few tests, including those for chemical resistance, soundness and alkali reactivity and the results were found to be satisfactory. Compared to the traditional concrete mix, the compressive strength is increased by about 20%. It paves the way to utilize the discarded steel slag for manufacturing cost-effective prestressed railway sleepers.
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Rajeshwari, G. "Passengers’ opinion on the services of Indian Railways – A Study in Chennai Central Station." YMER Digital 21, no. 05 (May 19, 2022): 899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.05/a2.
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The Present study examines the passengers’ opinion towards various services of Indian railways. The study is conducted in Chennai Central Station that comes under Chennai Division of Southern Railway Zone. The factors are categorised as social and economic factors of Indian rail system. Transportation sector, with inadequate resources, is one of the growing sectors of Indian economy. Punctuality, cleanliness and quality were crucial features of railway services which create a permanent impression on the passengers. The majority of the respondents have given high priority to the factor “platform ticket charges are minimum” as the economic factors of the rail system. The majority of the respondents have given high priority to the factor “facilitates group travel” as the social factor of the rail system. The suggestions for future research are offered
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Bogart, Dan, and Latika Chaudhary. "Engines of Growth: The Productivity Advance of Indian Railways, 1874–1912." Journal of Economic History 73, no. 2 (May 23, 2013): 339–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050713000296.
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Railways were integral to the development of the Indian economy before World War I. This article presents new estimates of total factor productivity (TFP) for railways from 1874 to 1912, which highlight the strong performance of this key industrial sector. Railway-industry TFP growth was substantial averaging 2.3 percent per year and generating a 2.7 percent social savings for the Indian economy. A combination of factors contributed to TFP growth including greater capacity utilization, technological change, and improvements in organization and governance. Railways had higher TFP growth than most sectors in India and compared favorably with TFP growth in other countries.
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Srivastava, Anoop, Sant Kumar Gaur, Sanjeev Swami, and D. K. Banwet. "Analysis of interpretive structural model of Indian railway security system by analytic hierarchy process (AHP)." Journal of Advances in Management Research 16, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 378–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-11-2018-0100.
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Purpose Security and safety have remained important concerns for mankind since ancient times. In the context of railways, however, the threat perceptions to safety and security have increased significantly lately. In view of this, the Indian Railways requires an effective and efficient security management system. The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated approach to help develop the Indian railway security system (IRSS) by successively reducing the complexity of the system through a series of studies. Design/methodology/approach The relevant elements of the complex system of Indian Railways have been identified. The framework in which the elements exist and interact with each other has been clearly established using the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) technique. The output of ISM is further reduced in complexity by having different policy option profiles. A comparison of different option profiles has been done by a multi-criteria decision-making technique, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), by choosing suitable criteria for comparison. Findings The following elements need to be pursued as the key objectives for making IRSS: protection of passengers, protection of property, modernisation, manpower enhancement, multi-skilling of staff, latest technology and enhanced legal powers. Research limitations/implications The present research can be extended in many important ways. Interpretive structural models for different contextual relationships can be developed and used for formulating and implementing customised security policy. Policy elements and the ISM structure obtained in this research can be utilised for the system dynamic modelling of IRSS. A pilot study can be done to implement the recommendations made in this study. Practical implications The ISM model developed can be implemented as a policy tool in enhancing the railway’s security. Some of the policy elements proposed appear to be consistent with the strategic direction being undertaken in the railway security in the country. Social implications Security is an important concern for mankind and social civilisations. The results have significant welfare implications in India and the rest of the world. Originality/value The present study is one of the first approaches in a series of studies in railway security in India. The results of this study can be extended to other security scenarios with similar needs.
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Selvam, VKamatchi, ChandraKant Patel, and DineshKumar Sahu. "Railway anaesthesiologists and Indian railway COVID-19 management system." Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 64, no. 14 (2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_560_20.
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Khan, Sadab. "Indian Railway: At a Glance." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 5 (May 31, 2018): 1030–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.5165.
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Ghayal, Sumedh V., Yamini A. Bawanthade, Swapnil B. Sonkamble, Dr Tarun Shrivasatava, Saurabh L. Katore, and Megha D. Gedam. "Iot Based Sensor Network for Crack & Bend Monitoring in Railway Track." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48319.
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Abstract: In India railway is one of the most common means of transport, which is the fourth largest railway community in the world. Even though Indian railways has an outstanding boom, it remains plagued because of some of the major issues like problem in gate crossing, fire accidents and problem in the track which remains unmonitored causing derailment. The tracks contract and expand due to changes in season. Due to this crack may develop on the track. This proposed system identifies the cracks and the obstacles on the track using sensors The project railway crack and object detection are a forward step to improving the railway system. The system performs two main functions. The first one is detecting the crack on the railway track by using the Flex sensor and the second one is detecting the object by using IR sensor.
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Margaret Divya, A., and Nandhini Devi. "A Study on Passengers Satisfaction towards Indian Railway Services (With Special Reference to Madurai City)." Shanlax International Journal of Management 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/management.v8i2.3336.
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India is one of the largest countries in terms of geographical size, which requires efficient means for long-distance transportation. Public transport, being the primary mode of transport, remains a powerful yardstick to measure the overall development of a nation. Among the various modes of transport, Railways are one of the biggest modes of passenger transport in the world. The Railway passenger services face long term competitive threats from airlines, luxury buses, personalized transport, and improved public transport. To compete with other modes of transport, it is inevitable for railways to accelerate the growth of passenger’s origination. It is essential for the railway authorities to know the opinion of the passengers regarding the services offered to them to make future policies and provisions. Having this drive in mind, the researchers have undertaken a study about the services provided by the Indian Railways along with its objectives to analyze the passengers’ preferences, satisfaction, limitations, and perceptions towards the same. Every aspect related to railway services like ticket availability, quality of travel, employee behavior, safety, timing, and other relevant aspects is analyzed at different levels of the research. As passenger satisfaction is chosen to be the concept for this research, elements that allow passengers to feel satisfied with offered services are also mentioned in the theoretical part. The scope of this project is limited to passengers of Madurai city.
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Ramesh, Vaddi, and Ashok Kumar Katta. "Indian railway employees' job satisfaction at the Guntakal division." International journal of health sciences 6, S1 (March 18, 2022): 1151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.4857.
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For me, employee satisfaction at the Guntakal Railway Division is a fascinating issue. The vast majority of workers are pleased with the company's performance. The majority of workers are aware of the company's strategy and have faith in its leadership. The majority of employees get enough appreciation for their contributions. Railways that pay their workers a decent wage will continue to function. Employees must share tasks and work in line with the organization's goals, just as they would in a family. People are constantly given opportunities to demonstrate their abilities and be acknowledged. The upper management is quite accessible.
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Et. al., Venkatasupura Vemulapati ,. "Prototype Model for High Speed Railway Power Supply System Suitable for Indian Traction Sub Stations using Multi Modular Converter." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 10 (April 28, 2021): 7211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i10.5610.
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As on 2020, India does not have any globally proven railway lines running with high-speed standards as above 250 km/h. Indian Railways looking at the prospect of high speed rail networks also known as bullet rail network in India. With the present Indian traction supply system which is based on the phase splitting or phase shifting method is not suitable for the high speed railway network unless we eliminate neutral sections as well as mitigating the power quality issues such as voltage unbalance, harmonics and high reactive power drawn from the utility grid. In this paper, Co-phase traction power supply system with zero neutral sections is proposed. Modular multilevel converter based three phase to single phase catenary system through a DC Link has been designed, simulated and laboratory prototype is made. A MATLAB simulation of the suggested method and droop characteristics based on load sharing between the two single phase parallel inverters had executed. The obtained results were satisfactory and shows that the proposed system is very much suitable for high speed railway.
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Zakharov, V. B., and E. E. Komarov. "Railways of India. An important stage of modernization is completed – unification of track width." BRIСS Transport 2, no. 2 (June 28, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2023.2.1.
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India, the Republic of India is a country of one of the world’s oldest civilizations, the largest state in the world by population — 1.42 billion people (end of 2022), occupying an area of over 3 million square kilometers. India, which has accelerated the pace of its socio-economic development in recent decades, is playing an increasingly important role in the international arena every year, including as one of the BRICS organizers. The state railways of India are managed by the Ministry of Railways of India represented by Indian Railways (99 % of the country’s railway network) and are, despite the dominance of motor transport, remain one of the main modes of transport. During the year, the railways of India transport more than 8 billion passengers (2nd place in the world after Japan), the staff of the railways of India will amount to 1.2 million people (the 7th employer in the world). Railway transport in India is developing intensively, in recent years, work has been intensified on the organization of high–speed traffi c on a number of lines of existing railways, the fi rst high-speed railway line Mumbai — Ahmedabad is being built with a normal gauge of 1435 mm with a length of 508 km, designed for a maximum train speed of 350 km/h. The authors of the article have repeatedly visited India, visited various railway enterprises, railway educational institutions — universities and institutes, met with industry leaders at the Ministry of Railways of India, traveled along the country’s railways along a number of routes with a total length of about six thousand km.
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Sagaragouda, Sahana. G, Malagali, Srujana C.H., Dr. Pavithra G., and Dr. T.C.Manjunath. "Connecting safety on the railway tracks : A novel train accident prevention strategy & its implementation in Indian Railways." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 6 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i06.001.
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In this paper, the concept of Connecting safety on the railway tracks : A novel train accident prevention strategy & its implementation in Indian Railways is being presented. The Train Accident Prevention Project aims to enhance railway safety by employing a multifaceted approach. By addressing objectives such as reducing collision incidents, improving infrastructure safety, and mitigating human errors, the project seeks to minimize train accidents in the United States. Leveraging advanced technologies, including predictive maintenance, real-time monitoring, and data analytics, this project seeks to improve passenger and crew safety while ensuring regulatory compliance and cost-effectiveness. Public awareness campaigns and community engagement are key elements, contributing to a comprehensive strategy fostering a railway safety culture. The anticipated outcomes include significantly reducing train accidents, improved public awareness, and a safer and more efficient railway system. The work carried out is the seventh semester main-project by the students of Electronics & Communication Engineering under the guidance of the faculties supervision (guide).
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S., Sinha,, and Chopra, K. "Railway Stations Redevelopment Programme under PPP model in India: a Study of Consumer Perception towards Proposed Facilities." CARDIOMETRY, no. 24 (November 30, 2022): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.24.835842.
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Public sector transport, especially Railways, solves an important mobility issue for people in India due to its long stretched network and potential to cater to every individual. Funding constraints, however, make it difficult to achieve service level and offerings at par with private players. Potential of Indian Railways has been underutilized for ages due to a lack of initiatives and a tight budget. PPP worldwide has set examples towards progressiveness of public assets. India has now proceeded on similar lines by launching world’s biggest transit-oriented development in public transport sector through Indian Railways. Railway Station Redevelopment program incorporating PPP model is believed to keep customer value at center. Main purpose of this study aims at analyzing which factors under this new Government initiative will play an important role in enhancing satisfaction level and experience of consumers after transformation and an attempt to fill research gap on perception of existing customers of Indian Railways on new offerings against what they are used to experiencing has been made. Exploratory factor analysis using a survey method on 250 respondents has been used to achieve results.
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Roy, Puspendu, S. Rajalakshmi, and N. Sangeetha. "Demonstration of an Intelligent and Efficient Smart Monitoring System for Train Track By using Arduino." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 11, no. 3 (September 20, 2023): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.110316.
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In Indian railway, the smart monitoring system for the train also train track is a significant aspect to prevent accidents. Indian railway system is underdeveloped in terms of smart monitoring of the train when compared with the other developed countries. Using the smart monitoring system for train, the deterioration of the railway track could be identified and secondly, accident between two trains could be prevented, thirdly any obstacle present in railway track, could be find and removed, two coaches of the train getting disconnected during the movement of the train due to manufacturing mistakes could also be detected. It helps to detect fire in the particular coach of train. Smart monitoring of the train can be achieved by the help of some semiconductor devices such as laser, laser camera and photodiode is used. Smart monitoring system of the railway could help to monitor the train and its track in an efficient way it could be implemented in Indian railway to avoid accident and extricate people’s life.
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Bose, Aniruddha. "Shunting the nation: Survival strategies of Indian (and Pakistani) railway workers (1939–1949)." Indian Economic & Social History Review 57, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 399–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464620930885.
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Between 1939 and 1949, a million men, women and children worked for the railways in India and Pakistan. Drawing on memoires, newspapers and government documents, this article seeks to examine the survival strategies these workers adopted in this tumultuous decade. It starts with a study of their efforts to survive the challenges of the Second World War. The article highlights how they rose to these challenges and played a crucial role in India’s war effort. It also examines how these workers navigated the demands of the Quit India movement. The article discusses evidence that sheds light on how they chose to remain at their posts while extending moral support to the freedom struggle. The article also explores how Indian and Pakistani railway workers coped with the challenge of partition. During what was certainly the greatest challenge faced by any railway workforce on the planet, these workers transported three million refugees over the newly created boundaries. The article discusses the challenges of class conflict that are endemic to modern industrial relations, specifically, how railway workers used acts of everyday resistance as well as organised strikes to protect their interests. Finally, the article discusses how Indian and Pakistani railway workers rose to the challenge posed by the initial years of independence, when both countries were vulnerable. The article argues that the workers adopted a multitude of survival strategies to overcome the challenges of the 1939–1949 decade. The article further argues that survival strategies culminated in a constructive relationship with nationalist politics, consolidated through the crucial decision of railway workers to work through independence and the partition crisis.
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R, Anusha, and Dr T. A. Albinaa. "Prediction on RAC Tickets in Indian Railways." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49913.
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Abstract: The “PREDICTION ON RAC TICKETS IN INDIAN RAILWAYS” is based on the Rail transport. It is one of the prominent modes of transportation with reference to goods as well as passenger’s movement in any Economy. Indian Railways also played important role in Economic development of our country and will be at key position in future too. Despite of lots of changes and development in Indian Railways with reference to passenger transportation i.e., increase in number of Railways services, trains, types of trains, facilities inside and outside the trains especially on platforms, ticket reservation system and its procedure via technological advancement and digitalization, information to the passengers regarding their ticket status, and so on, still we find certain basic missing link in the services of Indian Railways and due to which it suffers not only revenue losses but many more. An attempt is being made to address that basic deficiency of Indian Railways reservation system especially with reference to wait listed reservation ticket with the passengers enroute and no information about actual position of the waitlisted ticket enroute in case of vacant seat after departure from the origin point and II charting done. Thus, in this project solution for better convenience of enroute passengers especially with waitlisted or RAC tickets and prevent TTE’s for making illegal money and save revenue loss to the railway through efficiently implementation of suggested ICT within existing systems.
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ABHISHEK, SRIVASTAVA, and MAURYA MADAN CHANDRA. "INTUITION OF ACCIDENTS IN INDIAN RAILWAY." i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering 7, no. 2 (2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jce.7.2.13420.
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Chhetri, Rohan. "The Indian Railway Canticle, and Bordersong." New England Review 40, no. 4 (2019): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ner.2019.0112.
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Abhishek, Kumar, M. P. Singh, Deepika Shukla, and Sachin Gupta. "OBDMR: An Ontology-Based Data Model for Railways." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8662.
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The domain of the railway system is vast and complex since it includes several sub-domains hierarchy in it. These sub-domains include different branches of technology and operational hierarchy. Many types of research are running on and have happened in this vast domain along with different technologies. Among all available technologies ontology is the single one which talks about semantics and thus supports the decision support system. This paper proposes an OBDMR model for railway systems to integrate the information at the knowledge level. The paper has used railML (version 2.2) as a data resource as railML covers all the aspects of the railway system. railML (Railway Mark-up Language) is an open, XML-based data exchange format for data interoperability of railway application. The proposed ontology adds the semantics to the given data and even allows to infer new information from current data which XML cannot do. OBDMR is capable of taking decisions by automated reasoning using software agents. A generic model proposed in this paper satiates the standards and specifications of most countries’ railway systems. A use-case for Indian Railways is discussed with some examples.
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G, Girish, and Resia Beegam.S. "Gati Shakti Multi-Modal Cargo Terminal- An Introduction to Indian Railways' New Initiative in Freight Operations." Commerce & Business Researcher 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.59640/cbr.v14i2.69-77.
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Indian Railways play a pivotal role in transporting goods along the length and breadth of India. Obviously, Indian Railways occupies a lion's share in the supply chain network nationwide. Private parties are allowed to construct their own terminals for loading freight onto goods trains. But, as per railway policy, they are required to bear the entire expenses for construction at the take-off point even if the land on which it is constructed is owned by railways. The private parties are also required to undertake the maintenance of such terminals. It becomes a cumbersome exercise for private parties both in financial and technical terms to run a private freight terminal. Recently, the prime minister announced a policy to bring together all infrastructure projects in a single frame. The railways have introduced the Gati Shakti Multi-Modal Terminal, whereby all the expenditures are borne by the railways and private parties are free from the burden of bearing the expenditure. Since the concept was introduced recently and is gaining popularity, an attempt to measure the outcome is too early. Nevertheless, this article throws light on the major aspects of the Gati Shakti Multi-Modal Terminal policy implemented by Indian Railways.
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Shrivastva, Chitresh, Stabak Roy, and Dhruv Ashok. "Border Region Railway Development in Sino- Indian Geopolitical Competition." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 79, no. 2 (June 2023): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09749284231165111.
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India and China share about 3,488 km long International Boundary, which has three sectors: Western, Middle and Eastern. The Eastern sector comprises two Northeastern states, that is, Arunachal Pradesh measuring 1,124 kms and Sikkim measuring 219 kms, respectively. Due to recent changes in the geopolitical relationship with China, border management and transport infrastructure development have occupied centre stage. In recent years, the Government of India has taken initiatives to develop railway infrastructure in Northeast India. The study will focus on the role of railway transportation in Sino-Indian geopolitical competition. The study is based on secondary data collected from the office of General Manager, Northeast Frontier Railway, the Census of India and reports of Memorandums of Understanding between India and China. The study reveals that railway infrastructure along the border creates geo-psychological pressures on both countries, influencing the divergent geopolitical relationship between India and China. Railway diplomacy is a tool kit of critical geopolitics which reveals the contours of geopolitical competition in borderlands.
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Gangwar, Rachna, and G. Raghuram. "Implications of vertical unbundling on Indian Railways: Lessons from German railway reform." Transportation Research Procedia 25 (2017): 4529–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.349.
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Zakharov, V. B., and E. Komarov. "Passenger Rolling Stock of Indian Railways in the First Half-Century of Their Operation." BRIСS Transport 3, no. 1 (May 3, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2024.1.2.
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In India, as in many countries, railways originated as industrial gauge tracks for the transportation of ore, timber, stone, and other building materials. These were the first industrial railways in India to deliver supplies to construction sites, in particular, Chintadripet in Madras (1835), Red Hill Railroad line (1837), Godavari Dam Construction Railway (1845), and others. Initially, the promoters of the construction of railways, based on the general social and economic situation in the country, did not count on the development of passenger traffic, taking into account the virtually impoverished situation of the vast majority of the population. Efforts were focused on freight transportation. The colonialists proceeded from the need to develop railways as an important exploitation tool for exporting the country’s natural resources to the parent country and to the world market. Throughout almost the entire period of British colonial rule, passenger transportation was intended for a narrow stratum of colonizers and a few of the richest representatives of the country’s indigenous population. By the 1860s, there was a system of dividing passenger traffic on the railways of India into four classes. Saloon coaches were used to serve the ruling elite. The difference in travel conditions in luxury saloon coaches and first-class compartment carriages in comparison with third- and fourth-class carriages was huge. It reflected the social class structure of Indian society. At the same time, railway passenger transportation did not affect the interests of the majority of the population at all, as with their level of wealth they could not afford to travel by rail at all, remaining outside the line of progress in transport of the 19th century.
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Likhith, Y. S., J. Nishanth, M. Parthiban, B. M. Pavan, and Manasa Charitha. "Crack in Railway Track Detection and Alerting." ACS Journal for Science and Engineering 3, no. 2 (September 1, 2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/acsjse.v3i2.84.
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The Indian Railways is one of the leading public transport systems all over the world with route length over 68,103 KM. However, regardingfacilities, services and safety of people is not yet reached the global standards. Other factors include gaps in between tracks, irregular checks in detecting faults and improper maintenance. The past incidentswhich took place show that the accidents taking place are due to improper maintenance of tracks. But manual checks are still the method used onrailways which are time consuming. The proposed system was designed to overcome the above problems by developing a preprogrammed railway track detection system which is an effective method implemented using Raspberry Pi Pico as a Processor. The IR sensors were used in detecting gaps between railway track and an alert message is sent through Telegram Application along with locality of the fault so the railway department can take necessary steps to avoid accidents and many lives of people.
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Choudhury, Anwaruddin. "Railway threat to Kaziranga." Oryx 21, no. 3 (July 1987): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300026892.
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Kaziranga, home of the world's largest population of the greater Indian rhinoceros, is under threat. The author, who is a magistrate in Guwahati, Assam, and who has published about 80 articles and papers, mainly on wildlife, is concerned about its future.
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Ansari, A. K. S. "Optimization of Bogie Frame in Indian Railway." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (January 20, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i31/84308.
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Jain, Pankaj, and Yashkirti Yashkirti. "How Indian Railway affected by COVID-19." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (July 8, 2021): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07160.
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Рreviоusly, the Wоrld hаs tо meet severe diseаses like сhоlerа аnd Рlаgue. А lоt оf reseаrсhers hаve reseаrсhed them аnd соnstitute when аnd hоw these аll diseаses hаve been sрreаd in the wоrld. Reаsоn fоr mоst diseаses fоund аnd vассines hаve mаde. Соrоnа hаs been deсlаred а Glоbаl Раndemiс аnd hаs drаstiсаlly аffeсted the соnditiоn оf аlmоst аll the соuntries оf the wоrld. Illness, sрeсifiс heаlth-relаted behаviоr, оr оther heаlth-relаted events in а соmmunity оr regiоn аre knоwn аs eрidemiсs when they exсeed nоrmаl exрeсtаnсy. – The WHО Соrоnаvirus (СОVID-19) beсаme knоwn in 2019. Аll оther diseаses were аffeсting the heаlth оf humаn being оnly. But Соrоnаvirus diseаse аffeсts оur eсоnоmy аlsо. The mаjоr imрасt оf the соrоnаvirus wаs оn оur Indiаn Rаilwаy. СОVID-19 virus hаs been sрreаding rарidly in Indiа sinсe Mаrсh 2020. The Gоvernment оf Indiа deсided fоr а tоtаl оf 21 dаys оf а lосkоut in Indiа by 24 Mаrсh 2020. Аll trаins аre susрended fоr аn unsрeсified time due tо the lосkdоwn аnnоunсed by the Gоvernment оf Indiа. The revenue оf the rаilwаys wаs shut dоwn due tо the аffeсted Indiаn Rаilwаys раssenger trаffiс аnd lоw feаr inсоme due tо the lосkdоwn. Аnd sрending соntinued tо inсreаse оn mаintenаnсe, seсurity, аnd deрreсiаtiоn. The сurrent сrisis рeriоd is unknоwn. The hоsрitаl did nоt hаve enоugh ventilаtоrs during СОVID-19 sо the rаilwаys begаn tо соnvert trаin trаiners intо роrtаble ventilаtоrs. The whоle wоrld is in the mоst раndemiс situаtiоn ever оn eаrth. Milliоns оf рeорle hаve fаllen viсtim tо this deаdly diseаse. We dоn’t even knоw hоw lоng it will still lаst. I think the negаtive effeсt is mоre. Mаny suсh сhаnges аre tаking рlасe аrоund the wоrld.
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Raparthi, Hemarao. "Atmanirbhar Bharat with reference to Indian Railway." International Journal of Political Science and Governance 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 06–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26646021.2023.v5.i1a.194.
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Rifat, Alia, P. P. Pandao, and B. Shoban Babu. "Solar Powered Fault Detection System for Railway Tracks." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 1 (February 5, 2022): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2022.6.1.403.
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Indian Railways has one of the world's largest networks. Train movement is always reliant on railway rails alone. If one of these rails develops a crack, it becomes a huge issue. Many railway accidents occur as a result of the presence of a crack. The most difficult aspect of a railway analysis is detecting structural faults. If these flaws aren't addressed early on, they could lead to a series of derailments, resulting in a significant loss of life and property. The proposed railway track error detection system detects faulty railway tracks automatically and without the need for human intervention. This project intends to create a solar based autonomous railway track crack detection vehicle that uses a microcontroller and ultrasonic sensors to detect cracks along its journey. The ultrasonic sensor detects the fracture and objects, sending the information to the microcontroller, which quickly stops the train. Solar panels are utilized in this vehicle to absorb solar energy [1], which is then transformed into electrical energy, which is then used to charge a lead acid battery, which then provides the necessary power to a DC motor. This energy is subsequently sent to the DC motor, which drives the wheels. Sensors are utilized to detect cracks, and if a crack is detected, the system will halt and sound an alarm.
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Rahul, V., Ch Kowsalya Devi, and Dr Mohammed Ali Hussain. "Energy conservation technique for smart transportation system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.10756.
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Electricity is a primary concern everywhere and for everyone. In our daily transportation, we observe most of the time electricity is used unnecessarily and Electric short-circuits occur frequently. Railway coaches are mainly considered in this paper. We have described how to reduce electricity consumption in railway coaches using the raspberry pi and ultrasonic sensors interconnected to the cloud. Considering present smart coaches in railways, the passenger count and their comfort are taken as challenging, but not the production and conservation of electricity. The annual power consumption of Indian Railways is nearly 4% out of countries annual power consumption. Not only in railways systems, this can be further implemented in any other transport systems or in any platforms as well, by this we can reduce the human intervention. Where the loco pilot can control the electricity usage from his cabin, if not it is automated. However, the wireless communication technologies are secured by SSL (Secure Socket Layer). Simply we connect all the required interfaces to pi to acquire the output.
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Srivastava, Shirish C., Sharat S. Mathur, and Thompson SH Teo. "Modernization of Passenger Reservation System: Indian Railways’ Dilemma." Journal of Information Technology 22, no. 4 (December 2007): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000112.
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This teaching case discusses the challenges being faced by the technology managers at Indian Railways (IR) in the current scenario of a resurgent national economy coupled with increasing customer expectations. In the face of growing competition from road and low-cost airlines, to retain its customers, IR has responded by changing its business rules. The Railway Ministry expects a rapid response from Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) to incorporate all these changes in the passenger reservation system (PRS). The old PRS, which is time-tested and reliable, and has been serving the customers’ needs for nearly two decades, is now proving to be relatively inflexible to match the rapidly changing business requirements. Although the current scenario of a constant need to change the programming logic of PRS has been making maintenance tougher for CRIS officials, they have realized that PRS is a time-tested, proven, and reliable technology. Though they would be happy to replace the old PRS with a new state-of-art system that would provide them greater maintenance flexibility, the repercussions associated with possible failure of the new system are far too serious. The case exhibits the current dilemma being faced by the head of CRIS, the umbrella agency for information technology (IT) implementation in IR: whether IR should continue using the old PRS technology with its inherent shortcomings, or should it take the risk and go in for a wholesale replacement with a new state-of-art technology which would provide greater maintenance flexibility?
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Kumar Gupta, Amit, and Priyanka Ahlawat Mann. "Railway Train Ticket Generation through ATM Machine: A Business Application for Indian Railways." International Journal of Computer Applications 22, no. 7 (May 31, 2011): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/2622-3618.
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Bharill, Rohit, and Narayan Rangaraj. "Revenue management in railway operations: A study of the Rajdhani Express, Indian Railways." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 42, no. 9 (November 2008): 1195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2008.03.007.
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Shetty, Dr Vijetha S. "E- Ticketing in India– A Study on the Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Ltd." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/may2014/35.
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Sahney, Sangeeta, Koustab Ghosh, and Archana Shrivastava. "“Buyer's motivation” for online buying: an empirical case of railway e-ticketing in Indian context." Journal of Asia Business Studies 8, no. 1 (December 20, 2013): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-07-2011-0036.
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Purpose – India has a big pool of internet savvy population that is not only accessing the internet but also buying online. Online shopping could be defined as the concept of buying and selling of goods over the internet. From the perspective of the seller, it is the attempt on the seller's part to attract and persuade the prospect to conduct the purchase decision-making process, and ensure satisfaction and loyalty. From the perspective of the buyer, online purchase behavior is the degree to which consumers access, browse, shop and transact and repeat the behavior. With a revolution in the very basics of transaction from a physical store format to a non-store one, the retail industry has begun to understand the indispensability of the internet as a medium of transaction. However, the rate of diffusion and adoption of the new phenomenon among consumers is still relatively low. With the internet advancing new opportunities, it is important to understand the factors that could motivate Indian consumers to indulge in online buying. This paper is a theoretical attempt at conceptualizing “motivation” as a construct, in the context of online buying and testing it empirically. The objective of the study is to explore the critical motivational factors that influence the online buying decision of people, and to establish their causal impact, if any, through developing an integrated model. Design/methodology/approach – The study, descriptive, diagnostic, and causal in nature, has been conducted in the context of online buying of railway tickets in India. In the first phase, a pilot survey was conducted on a sample of 100 users of the online railway reservation. After having tested the survey instrument for validity and reliability, the second phase of the study was conducted on a sample of 327 users of online railway reservation facilities. A series of multiple regressions analyses was conducted to determine the causal impacts of critical motivational parameters on online reservation of railway ticket by users in the Indian context. The analysis of demographics based on gender and age groups were also made to capture the cross-comparisons of critical motivational attributes. Findings – The results were in expected direction and fulfilled the research aims of the current study. The factor analysis had grouped the items into nine constructs with 38 items. For analytical purposes, descriptive statistics were used through measures of central tendency and dispersion. The item total correlations to each construct were found significant. All the critical motivational constructs were found to have a significant impact on the intention of buyers of booking/purchasing railway tickets online in India. The analyses of demographics established that as far as gender is concerned, all the critical motivational attributes to online buying intention have no significant differences between men and women; however, for age groups it was observed that some of the attributes were found significant and others were not. Originality/value – Through identifying and empirically establishing critical motivational parameters in online reservation of railway tickets in Indian context across demographics, this study helps to understand what consumers expect from the online reservation facilities from the railways for their convenience and satisfaction. By examining the various dimensions explored and established in this study, the concerned authority can develop a better understanding of consumer needs and expectations. Academicians and researchers can use this study for assessing consumer motivation towards online reservation of railway tickets in Indian context, and identifying such attributes that would lead to favourable motivational disposition towards online reservation of railway tickets. The policy decision makers of railway authority may also use the findings of this study as a resource, while constructing, managing, and evaluating their marketing strategies in the Indian context.
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ARAVIND SURYA K, RHAMANAN M, MUKESH C, PARAMESHWARAN A, and ARUNKUMAR S. "Prototype Model for Waste Management in Running Trains ofIndia." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 6, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i06.103.
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Indian Railways is the largest public sector undertaking in India but suffers from a major problem of inefficient waste management system. This is a problem of dry and wet waste generated inside the running train and around the railway tracks resulting in unhygienic trains and unclean railway tracks. Everyday nearly 23 million people travel in 7000 passengers trains inIndia. The area around the railway track in India is about 16000 kms which has never been cleaned. It is estimated that approximately 6289 tons of plastic finds its way into India’s railway tracks every day. This enormous generation of waste is leading to undesirable health issues besides environmental pollution. In this backdrop, in this project a prototype technological modelis being developed which can help to solve this problem. A smart dustbin is placed in each compartment of all the bogies in a train wherein both the dry and wet waste are collected, segregated and crushed. With the help of the belt conveyor, this crushed dry and wet waste is carried from all the compartments and bogies to the centralized bin of the train. This technological prototype model facilitates to manage the enormous dry and wet waste generated inside the running train effectively and efficiently. This will benefit the recycling industries to generate the revenue besides helping to keep the trains and railway tracks clean.
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T. Suthamathi, T. Suthamathi, and Dr J. Suganthi Dr. J. Suganthi. "A Study of Anthropometrical Profile of Indian Railway International Sprinters." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 12 (October 1, 2011): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/dec2013/150.
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PRASAD, RITIKA. "‘Time-Sense’: Railways and Temporality in Colonial India." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 4 (November 13, 2012): 1252–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000527.
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AbstractThis paper traces the establishment of standardized railway time in colonial India between 1854 and 1905, and explores how the colonized—as passengers and population—negotiated the temporal re-structuring introduced through railways. Millions were affected by the process through which the time of a single meridian was selected as an all-India railway time, and gradually deemed civil time, continuing even today as Indian Standard Time. The paper explores everyday responses to this dramatic change in ‘time-sense’ engendered through railways, both as speedy transport and as standardized time. This allows for a historical analysis of how individuals and societies deal in practice with abstract technological transformations, and of how colonized populations have navigated the modernizing intervention of imperialist states. It argues that the ways in which the population of colonial India accepted, contested, and appropriated the temporal standardization instituted through railways and railway time challenged imperial policies determined by reified presumptions of metropolitan versus colonial ‘time-sense’. Since these responses were often analogous to how people and societies across the globe were responding to temporal standardization, they disrupt imperial strategies that used time-sense to locate colonized populations outside of History, in effect excluding them from their own present. They thus serve to materially de-stabilize a narrative of colonial time-lag and to reclaim the historical present as a time in which the colonizer and colonized exist contemporaneously. Consequently, they reconfigure modernity as an experiential rather than as a normative historical present.