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1
Kumar, Kishor. "Agriculture Diversification in the Low Hill Zone Agrarian Economy of Himachal Pradesh." Asian Journal of Science and Applied Technology 11, no. 2 (December 8, 2022): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajsat-2022.11.2.3395.
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The new agricultural policy which provides status of agriculture as industry is expected to provide new avenues for exports of agricultural products, improving earnings by assured markets and establishment of agro-based industries. As such the diversification in agriculture is considered a desirable change to meet ever increasing demand of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fodder, fiber, fruits, spices and condiments, medicinal and commercial crops. India has endowed with diverse climate and soil types by the nature which facilitates diversification in agriculture and considered to be the major strength in meeting out the food requirements of ever increasing population. Diversification in agriculture is considered to have large potentialities of increasing income and employment and providing strength through reduced instabilities particularly under the situation of risk and capital constraints. These considerations make a strong case for diversification under Indian conditions.
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Loganathan, V. "Trends of India’s Agricultural Import During the Pre-reform and Post-reform Periods." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 11, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v11i2.6067.
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Agriculture has been the largest sector of the Indian economy. It plays a vital role in providing food for the nation, raw materials to the industry providing employment. Past two and a half decades, India has implemented comprehensive trade policy reforms in the agriculture sector due to internal and external factors. This study has investigated patterns of India’s foreign trade in agriculture during pre-reform and reform periods. The effect of liberalization of India’s foreign trade has greatly influenced the structure of trade in goods and services. For this study, the agriculture communities have been classified into Food Crops and food items, Pulses, Oil and oilseeds, Commercial crops, Plantation crops, Animal products, and Oilseed cake meals. Data for this study have been collected from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) official website (www.faostat.fao.org), from 1970 to 2013. In 1970, the highest value of percentage share is observed for the food and food crops import at 55.56 per cent followed by commercial crops at 29.15 per cent, animal products at 6.83 per cent, pulses at 5.73 per cent, and oilseeds and oil at 1.29 per cent. In 2017, the highest value of percentage share is observed for oilseeds and oil import at 40.45 per cent followed by commercial crops at 27.87 per cent, pulses at 14.03 and food crops and food items at 10.59 per cent. Overall, there is a significant increase is noted for the percentage share of oilseeds and oil in total agricultural imports in the study period. In the case of pulses, the percentage share of imports in total agricultural export has been increasing during the study period among the other major group of products. There is downward movement is observed for the import of food crops and food items during the study period.
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Wagode, Akash, Vaibhav Thakre, Yeshwant Khairkar, and Sunil Girde. "Multicrop Harvesting Machine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41303.
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Abstract: Overall the world, India is not only the largest producer of many crops like wheat, rice, pulses but also exporter of many crops. The Indian economy finds its roots in agriculture. In farming, crop cutting is an essential part of farming as well as a very time consuming process. Harvesting is an important part of the agriculture industry. Nowadays modern harvesting technology is increasing but its cost is very high and skilled laborers are required to operate the machines. To minimize the lengthy process of harvesting and reduce the cost of skilled laborers to operate machines. We have designed the “MULTICROP HARVESTING MACHINE” so it can eliminate skilled laborers as well as it saves the time of farmers so they can focus more on good crop production. This machine uses the solar panel to power the drive cutter from the wheels of the vehicle itself. This project targets the small field crop cutter machine for small height & small stream crops. This machine is economical and helps the farmers to achieve higher productivity. Keywords: Small Scale, Solar Panel, Wheels
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DATT, SHIV, VIKRAM SINGH, P. K. SHARMA, and SANJEEV SAXENA. "Intellectual property protection: An emphasis on plant varieties." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 3 (March 15, 2023): 400–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i3.78511.
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The enactment of Intellectual Property protection laws globally and involvement of private seed industry in India had become indispensable for protection of IP in agriculture as whole and plant varieties in particular. For protection of plant varieties, the Distinctiveness Uniformity and Stability (DUS) descriptors of various crops (vegetables, field crops, floriculture, horticulture crops, etc.) were developed and notified by the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights (PPV and FR) Registry for testing. With increasing awareness of IPR in agriculture, the submission of applications of plant varieties from the notified crops for registration has started for protection under the Registry. Subsequently, public sector (Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Agricultural Universities (AUs)); private sector; and farmers started submission of Extant, New and Essentially Derived Varieties (EDVs) applications in the notified crops. The study period pertaining to years 2007-2015 reveals that public sector has contributed immensely in protecting plant varieties of self-pollinated crops (food, fibre and pulses crops), whereas the private sector’s focus is largely confined towards open-pollinated varieties. Private sector has submitted highest number of ‘EDVs’ of tetraploid cotton. Progress in farmers’ varieties for protection under PPV and FRA reinforces the importance and uniqueness of this sui generis system adopted by India. It is, expected that the prospects of variety and seed development sectors will improve overtime. This trend also opens the scope for the plant breeders to design varietal development programmes for desirable traits in various crop species.
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Narasinga Rao, Bagepalli S. "Palm Oil Use and Compatibility in India." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 15, no. 2 (June 1994): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659401500216.
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India is experiencing a shortage of edible oils that may increase in years to come. To meet this challenge, palm oil is being considered as a potential new source of oil owing to the high productivity of the oil palm. Besides importing palm oil for the present, indigenous production by cultivating the oil palm has been initiated as a long-term measure. When a new edible oil is introduced, people have to be assured of its safety and nutritional quality. Besides ensuring that palm oil meets essential fatty acid (EFA) requirements, concern about its atherogenic potential due to its saturated fat content has to be allayed. The habitual low-fat Indian diet based on cereals and pulses contains invisible fats amounting to 25 g per day, but it provides two-thirds of EFA requirements. Increased consumption of fat in the form of palm oil should therefore not pose a problem to the requirements since the oil contains about 10% of n-6, 18:2 linoleic acid. Although categorized as a saturated fat, palm oil does not raise blood cholesterol, unlike other fats such as coconut oil. Unrefined crude palm oil, which is rich in β-carotene, is also of special interest as it can be used to prevent vitamin A deficiency, which is widespread In India. Owing to its technical characteristics, palm oil can be used in domestic cooking as well as in the foodprocessing industry for the manufacture of vanaspati and margarine, and as a specialty fat in the bakery and confectionery industries.
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Singh, Rajkaranbir. "Sustainable agriculture through organic farming in India." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/299-304.
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Organic products are grown under a system of agriculture without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides with an environmentally and socially responsible approach. Organic agriculture is developing rapidly and today 186 countries produce organic food commercially. Currently, only 1.5 percent of the world’s agricultural land is farmed organically. The status of organic farming in India is bestowed with lot of potential to produce all varieties of organic products due to its various agro climatic regions. In several parts of the country, the inherited tradition of organic farming is an added advantage. This holds promise for the organic producers to tap the market which is growing steadily in the domestic market related to the export market. India ranks 9th in terms of World’s organic agricultural land and 1st in terms of total number of producers. The popularity of organic food is growing dramatically as consumer seeks the organic foods that are thought to be healthier and safer. As per the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare (MoAFW), 2.78 million ha was covered under organic farming in India which is about 2 per cent of the 140.1 million ha net sown area in the country. Of this, 1.94 million ha (70%) area is under National Project on Organic Farming NPOP, 0.59 million ha (21.5%) under Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY), 0.07 million ha (2.6 %) under Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North East Region (MOVCDNER) and 0.17 million ha (6.1% ) under state schemes or non-schemes. The certified organic production for all crop categories stood at 2.6 million metric tons.in 2018-19. Sugar crops (sugarcane), oilseeds, cereals and millets, fiber crops, pulses, medicinal, herbal and aromatic plants, and spices/condiments are the highest produced organic commodities in India. However, the Indian organic food industry is curtailed by multiple challenges including reduced farm production per hectare, a general apprehension among farmers to forego the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and higher storage and transportation costs due to the lack of preservatives required for long-term storage. The states should step up their action in a concerted way to promote organic and natural farming. States can play an instrumental role in helping farmers sell their organic and natural produce by developing organic value chains, procuring organic produce and helping farmers get remunerative prices.
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Ahmad Fida, Bashir, Dharmendra Singh, and Umar Ahmed. "An investigation of the demand pulled factors of foreign tourist inflows to India." Innovative Marketing 19, no. 3 (September 27, 2023): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.19(3).2023.19.
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This study aims to examine the demand-driven factors that attract foreign tourists to India. This study used an advanced gravity model to examine the factors that drew demand from 15 major foreign tourist destination countries from 1995 to 2018. Descriptive statistics, correlation, OLS, and panel GMM are the statistical tools used in data analysis. The results indicate that the per capita income of India and the countries of origin, the size of the Indian population, and a favorable visa policy all contribute to attracting foreign tourists to India. Meanwhile, the high cost of living in India compared to foreign tourist countries, terrorist incidents, and long distances between India and these countries are some of the factors that discourage foreign tourists from visiting India. The results of the study are robust and compelling and have significant implications for policymakers and the industry. Based on the findings, the study suggests that the Indian government should reduce the cost of living, especially for foreign tourists, by exempting them from paying goods and services tax and other taxes at the departure airport by showing the bill. In addition, security is an issue where the government should ensure the safety of foreign tourists.
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George, Majo, and Elsa Cherian. "Emergent Global Marketing Challenges for Kerala Cardamom Producers Vis-A-Vis Role of the Spice Board." International Journal of Community Development and Management Studies 1 (2017): 039–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31355/10.
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NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE INFORMING SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Aim/Purpose.................................................................................................................................................................................................. This research paper attempts to deeply and rationally probe into the present situation, discussing the expected role of the Spices Board of India, which in 1987 started to function replacing the erstwhile Cardamom Board, where the focus was only on the Cardamom plantation sector and export development. Background.................................................................................................................................................................................................. Cardamom, the “Queen of Spices” is the third most expensive of the spices, next only to saffron and vanilla. The Cardamom Plantation and export development sector is now just one of the many focal points of expected action of promotional endeavors of the Spices Board of India. The cardinal problem is the 1990's market threat from Guatemala, which floods the market with Cardamom with cheaper prices, though it is qualitatively inferior to Indian green Cardamom. The second problem for Indian exports is that the higher cost of production coupled with increasing domestic market demand causes lower quantities for exports. Apart from the functional insufficiency of the Spices Board of India, in the view of the Cardamom farmers and secondary and tertiary market intermediaries, the present auction system, the scattered unorganized farming community at large, and other governmental promotional deficiencies together make the complexity of the present situation confounded. Methodology.................................................................................................................................................................................................. It was decided that conventional research methods, using structured survey methods and questionnaire, were not feasible or realistic as collecting data from a wide range of personnel vary from cardamom farmers to wholesalers to market intermediaries including exporters, extractors of oleo resin from cardamom proved arduous. For this study the methodology used to gather information was a mixture of ethnographic and classical statistical sampling methods. The data was mainly collected by interviews as this will help to get an in depth feel of the pulse of all the involved participants. Thus it was felt that a more first-hand personal interactions was really necessary, not to just garner information from quantitative data but also to gauge through the in-person mood and tenor the grievances of all concerned with cardamom industry and to know the expectations of the related parties, especially from the Spices Board of India. Contribution.................................................................................................................................................................................................. This paper attempts to bring into focus the provocations, limitations, and seriousness of the situation of the sector, and to prioritize the steps to be taken to regain the lost glory of the Indian Cardamom. Findings........................................................................................................................................................................................................ The findings and analysis show that the Indian Cardamom Plantation Sector should be aware of the significance and market relevance of the “Organic” method of cultivation of Cardamom. Also there is a need for quality control practices in the sector that enable strict attention to meeting MRL (Maximum Residue Level) as demanded by the importing nations, and attention to the “functional refining factors” and expectations set out by the spices Board of India. All of these are based on the findings which are analyzed, without preconceived notions and authors’ subjective remarks. Recommendations for Practitioners............................................................................................................................................................. This paper reveals the view and understandings of the practitioners in the Indian Cardamom sector. It subtly suggests a certain course of action and serous recognition of flaws and deficiencies in the system that are obvious and emerges and which are critical and must be addressed. It underlines needs to be addressed; flaws in performance, and articulates the grievances. Recommendation for Researchers................................................................................................................................................................. More work needs to be done to have a clear analysis of the market demand of the cardamom products in order to project periods when demands of cardamom fluctuate the market, both domestically and internationally. In addition, it is important to study the various organic methods, which can be adopted by the farmers to produce high quality cardamom, which can meet the demand of the consumer as well as the standard required by various governments around the globe. Impact on Society........................................................................................................................................................................................... It reflects clearly, the general and prevalent concern of the Indian farming community and market intermediaries’ vis-à-vis the promotional role they expect the Spices Board of India to play in order to ameliorate the gravity of the bottlenecks being faced by the Indian Cardamom sector. Future Research................................................................................................................................................................................................ There are many areas to be studied in the Indian Cardamom Industry. This research paper attempts to highlight the unmitigated problems faced by the various strata of farmers, the indispensability of going “Organic”, and the need for the intervention of the Spices Board of India, and other relevant State Agri-Horticultural agencies, marketing Co-operative societies; subsidies and grants to be given by the government to encourage both organic cultivation and value addition using Carbon dioxide extraction of Oleoresins, packing, export market research, etc.
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Freeda Maria Swarna M, Shaheed Khan, Rajesh Nambiar, and S. Praveen Kumar. "Sustainability Certifications for Tourism, Travel and Hospitality (TTH) and the Indian industry response." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 1 (2023): 390–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i01.057.
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With an intent to raise awareness about the contribution of Sustainable Tourism to Development among the Tourism, Travel and Hospitality stakeholders, the general public, the Governments across levels, the 70 General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) designated 2017 as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development. The year received another boost in the context of the 2030, Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), wherein the tourism system would usher in a change in business practices, public policies and even consumer behaviour which would make the Tourism sector Sustainable. The following objectives were framed to conduct the study i) to assess the pulse of the Indian Tourism Travel and Hospitality (TTH) with regard to Sustainability certifications, ii) to collate and assess inputs and data available in the public domain with regard to Sustainability certification, and iii) to find out the opinion of experts who work in the domain of sustainability and certifications. To make the traveller more conscious and make tourism regenerative; the facet of ‘eco-label’ is one of the indicators that helps to quantify sustainable production, sustainable consumption and therefore, sustainable development. Herein, we can say that, “Eco-labelling,” “Eco-Certification” in the Tourism Business would lead to Sustainable Practices which ultimately would become a follow up for good practices, that not only will solve the Environmental issues, but will address the socio-economic and cultural facets. This is true for the simple reason, one in ten jobs globally is in the tourism sector and tourism accounts for ten percent of Global GDP; clearly bringing in concerns for social, economic and environmental sustainability, which will ensure a demand for products and services in the tourism sector which focus on Sustainability. The Indian Tourism Scenario with its multiple players, the large hotel sector with multiple chains, the resorts spread across the country, the Airlines, the Travel Agents, the Tour Operators, the Communities involved in Tourism directly and indirectly at the operational level and the Government at the Federal Level and the State Governments who actually implement the Tourism programs. The Study is part of an ongoing research, which invokes the readiness, or the acceptance, the doubts the Tourism Stakeholders have in India, which would lead to International and National Level Organizations to play a dynamic role to ensure, Sustainability Certifications leading to Sustainable Practices which in turn will ensure the achievement of SDGs, leading to the promise the Nation makes towards Global well-being.
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Kumar M, Madhan, Vidhya Lakshmi Sivakumar, Subathra Devi V, N. Nagabhooshanam, and Subash Thanappan. "Investigation on Durability Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Steel Slag/Bacteria beneath Diverse Exposure Conditions." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (May 31, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4900241.
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One of society's most perplexing concerns is trash management. Among them is steel slag, which is obtained from steel mills and is used in the building industry as a partial substitution ingredient in concrete. To ensure that the concrete lasts the desired service life without deteriorating, bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) are introduced to ensure that the construction performs as planned. The research is focused on the M30 grade concrete mix specified in the Indian Standard Code. Concrete specimens containing fiber, steel slag, and bacteria are subjected to a variety of environmental conditions, including extreme, extremely severe, severe, moderate, and mild. The ultrasonic pulse velocity, sorptivity, water absorption, rapid chloride penetration, and acid resistance characteristics of the fiber-reinforced bacterial concrete are compared to those of regular concrete specimens.
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Priyadarsani, Supriya, Asit Kumar Pradhan, and Prakash Chandra Jena. "Smart food grain storage system using Internet of Things (IoT): A Review." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 60, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.1.
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India is one of the largest producers of food grains in the world. The country has a diverse agricultural sector that produces a wide range of crops, including rice, wheat, maize, pulses (such as lentils and chickpeas), and oilseeds. Rice and wheat are considered essential for ensuring food security in India. India has an extensive network of food grain storage infrastructure to cater to its significant agricultural production. The storage infrastructure in India is primarily managed by the Food Corporation of India (FCI), state government agencies, and private sector entities. Some of food grain storage infrastructure in India are warehouses, covered storage structures (silos), mandi storage facilities (temporarily store grains) and strategic reserve (buffer stock for food security). Private sector entities are increasingly investing in the modern storage facilities including temperature-controlled warehouses and automated storage systems, to improve storage capacity and reduce post-harvest losses. India faces challenges in effectively managing and maintaining the quality of stored food grains. Issues such as inadequate storage capacity, insufficient maintenance, lack of proper pest control measures, and logistical constraints contribute to post-harvest losses. The government and other stakeholders are continuously working on improving storage infrastructure and implementing technological solutions to address these challenges that tiggers for spoilage, mold growth, insect infestation and excessive drying. The real time monitoring and controlling of these factor during the storage period is a cumbersome task and needs advanced techniques. In this aspect Internet of Things (IoT) offers numerous benefits to food grain storage systems including real-time monitoring, early warning systems, optimal environmental conditioning, energy efficiency, inventory management, traceability and predictive analytics. By leveraging IoT technology, the industry can improve storage practices, reduce losses, ensure food safety, and enhance the overall efficiency of grain storage operations.
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Prabhu, Dr D. V. "NEW PATHWAYS IN CHEMISTRY." Green Chemistry & Technology Letters 6, no. 1 (May 27, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2020.611.
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Chemistry is a science whose progress is exponential as it touches every aspect of our existence and provides all the things required for life to survive on this planet. Chemistry is rightly called the Science of Life.
Chemical processes provide food, clothing, shelter medicines, and energy to sustain life. Feeding the ever-increasing population is a big challenge calling for increased production of crops, minimizing losses during their harvesting and storage and use of new, improved varieties like Genetically modified (GM) food grains and pulses.
The use of fertilizers has increased manifold over the years, leading to an increase in the production of food. Clothing is made from plant fibres like cotton and silk. New and better varieties of cotton have been developed. Nylon, produced by the polymer industry is also a critical clothing material in some parts of the world. New materials like composites, fly ash bricks, and polymeric wastes are being increasingly used for construction purposes, especially for housing and roads.
Research for the synthesis of new drugs to combat diseases is a continuous activity, and the pharmaceutical industry has a considerable investment, especially in our country. Indigenous medicine systems like Ayurveda, Homoeopathy and Unani are also contributing to health welfare, especially in India. Of late, nanomedicines are emerging as an essential area of medicine.
Non-conventional energy sources like solar, nuclear, hydro, biodiesel and wind energy are being increasingly tapped as possible substitutes for the fast depleting coal and oil reserves. The International Solar Alliance, initiated by India, aims at forging a strong partnership between all nations to tap and use solar energy.
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U S, Rammiya. "Utilization of mango processing industrial waste into value added products." YMER Digital 21, no. 08 (August 12, 2022): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.08/43.
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Around the world, the food processing industries produce significant amounts of food wastes or byproducts each year. The industries that process plant-based foods, such as those that process fruits and vegetables, cereals and pulses, nuts and oil seeds, etc., mostly create byproducts including bran, husk, pomace, seed, peel, shell, seeds, stems, and seed coat. When these waste products are disposed of as waste or used as cattle feed, they pollute the ecosystem and lose important nutrient components. By-products from the food processing industry are a prospective source of bioactive and functional chemicals that can be used for medicinal and nutritional purposes. Due to rising health consciousness among consumers, there is a tremendous increase in demand for novel functional foods. Functional foods are utilised to improve health quality and health maintenance while lowering health risks for conditions like cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disease. India is the world's secondlargest producer of fruits and vegetables. 10% of the fruit produced worldwide comes from it. Fruit wastes are a great source of phytochemicals and antioxidants. As a result, the functional characteristics of the waste from the processing of fruit can be used. The study's goal is to create sustaining and useful food products based on by-products from Tamil Nadu's mango processing industry. This study contributes to a more efficient use of mango processing industries economically. Key words: sustaining,phto-chemicals, Antioxidants,therapeutic
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Choudhary, Meena, Ashok Gehlot, Sarita Arya, and Inder Dev Arya. "IN VITRO RESPONSE BY Terminalia arjuna GENOTYPES DURING MICROPROPAGATION." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 9, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(1).44.50.
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Terminalia arjuna is an important tree of the medicinal and sericulture industry, commonly known as Arjun. It’s bark is rich in secondary metabolites makes this plant highly valuable in medicine industry to treat cardiovascular disease. Overexploitation due to high demand in medicine, low seed germination, limitations of the conventional method of propagation push this plant towards being endangered. To conserve germplasm of such tree species and meet the requirement in medicinal industry, some non-conventional propagation method like micropropagation has been developed. The present work highlighted the effect of three genotypes (G-1, G-2, and G-3) on tissue culture of T. arjuna situated at Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. In vitro shoot proliferation was achieved on a modified MS medium enriched with BAP + additives. Among the tested genotypes, Genotype -1 showed maximum bud break response (100%) followed by G-3 (93.33 %) and G-2 (86.66%). Further multiplication of these shoots on modified MS medium containing BAP + NAA + additives gave 11.38±0.26 (G-1), 9.44±0.21 (G-2) and 10.22±0.32 (G-3) shoots. In vitro rooting was done by pulse treatment with IBA for 10 min prior to transfer on hormone free half strength MS medium containing 0.1% activated charcoal. Maximum in vitro rooting was obtained in G-1 (80%) followed by G-3 (71.11%) and G-2 (68.88%). In the present study, it was observed that optimum growth in all three genotypes required different doses of Plant Growth Regulator. Thus, by identifying and multiplying the best performing genotypes the gap between demand and supply of such medicinal plant can be fulfilled.
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Choudhary, Meena, Ashok Gehlot, Sarita Arya, and Inder Dev Arya. "Effect of Genotypes on Micropropagation of Terminalia arjuna—An Important Medicinal Tree." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 3, no. 1 (November 10, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-07778.
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Terminalia arjuna is an important tree of medicinal and sericulture industry, commonly known as Arjun. Its bark, rich in secondary metabolites, makes this plant highly valuable in the medicine industry to treat cardiovascular disease. It is also used as a feeder plant for tasar silkworm (Antheraea mylitta). Over-exploitation due to the high demand in medicine, low seed germination, and limitations of conventional methods of propagation push this plant towards being endangered. To conserve the germplasm of such tree species and meet the requirements of the medicinal industry, some non-conventional propagation methods, like micropropagation, have been developed. The present work highlights the effect of genotypes on the tissue culture of T. arjuna. For this objective, nodal explants were collected from three genotypes (G-1, G-2 and G-3) of T. arjuna situated at Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. In vitro shoot proliferation was achieved on modified MS medium enriched with BAP + additives. Genotype-1 showed maximum bud break response (100%), followed by G-3 (93.33%) and G-2 (86.66%). Further multiplication of these shoots on modified MS medium containing BAP + NAA + additives gave 11.38 ± 0.26 (G-1), 9.44 ± 0.21 (G-2) and 10.22 ± 0.32 (G-3) shoots. In vitro rooting was done by pulse treatment with IBA for 10 min prior to transfer to hormone-free half-strength MS medium containing 0.1% activated charcoal. Maximum in vitro rooting was obtained in G-1 (80%), followed by G-3 (71.11%) and G-2 (68.88%). In the present study, it was observed that optimum growth in all three genotypes requires different doses of Plant Growth Regulator. Thus, by identifying and multiplying the best-performing genotypes, the gap between the demand and supply of such medicinal plants can be fulfilled.
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Singh, Gurcharan, and S. K. Madan. "Quality Assessment of Concrete produced with Marble dust as Partial Replacement of Cement using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 1305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.655.
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Cement concrete is one of the most frequently used materials in the construction industry. Constant studies are being carried out to find some alternative material to save natural resources and instead make use of industrial byproducts/waste material which is otherwise polluting the environment. Marble dust which is an industrial waste obtained from sawing, shaping, cutting and polishing of different marbles, is a big environmental hazard. Around 6.8 million tonnes of marble dust is currently being dumped annually in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in India. Although past studies have already investigated the use of this material as a substitute for fine aggregates, since its distribution of particle size is nearer to that of cement, it could be more appropriate for partial replacement of cement in concrete. Cement concrete cubes of size 150 mm were cast as control specimens for two different grades of concrete (M25 Grade and M30 Grade). Effect of marble dust on compressive strength of concrete with varying %age of marble dust as partial replacement of cement is investigated in this study. Marble dust is used as 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent partial substitute of cement by weight in concrete mixes. The compressive strength of concrete mixes is studied at age of 28 days and maximum value of compressive strength is observed at 10% partial replacement of marble dust with cement for both grades of concrete. The quality of concrete so produced is also assessed by using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (USPV) method. The ultrasonic pulse velocity is 3850, 4100, 4350 and 3710 m/s for M25 grade concrete and 3870, 4120, 4360 and 3700 m/s for M30 grade concrete for 0%, 5% and 15 % partial replacement of marble dust with cement. As per IS :13311(Part 1):1992 these values of pulse velocities represents good quality of concrete and also justified the use of marble dust in concrete up to 15 percent for both grades of concrete (M25 and M30).
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Wanniarachchi, W. A. M., P. G. Ranjith, M. S. A. Perera, T. D. Rathnaweera, Q. Lyu, and B. Mahanta. "Assessment of dynamic material properties of intact rocks using seismic wave attenuation: an experimental study." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 10 (October 2017): 170896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170896.
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The mechanical properties of any substance are essential facts to understand its behaviour and make the maximum use of the particular substance. Rocks are indeed an important substance, as they are of significant use in the energy industry, specifically for fossil fuels and geothermal energy. Attenuation of seismic waves is a non-destructive technique to investigate mechanical properties of reservoir rocks under different conditions. The attenuation characteristics of five different rock types, siltstone, shale, Australian sandstone, Indian sandstone and granite, were investigated in the laboratory using ultrasonic and acoustic emission instruments in a frequency range of 0.1–1 MHz. The pulse transmission technique and spectral ratios were used to calculate the attenuation coefficient ( α ) and quality factor ( Q ) values for the five selected rock types for both primary ( P ) and secondary ( S ) waves, relative to the reference steel sample. For all the rock types, the attenuation coefficient was linearly proportional to the frequency of both the P and S waves. Interestingly, the attenuation coefficient of granite is more than 22% higher than that of siltstone, sandstone and shale for both P and S waves. The P and S wave velocities were calculated based on their recorded travel time, and these velocities were then used to calculate the dynamic mechanical properties including elastic modulus ( E ), bulk modulus ( K ), shear modulus ( µ ) and Poisson's ratio ( ν ). The P and S wave velocities for the selected rock types varied in the ranges of 2.43–4.61 km s −1 and 1.43–2.41 km h −1 , respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that the P wave velocity was always greater than the S wave velocity, and this confirmed the first arrival of P waves to the sensor. According to the experimental results, the dynamic E value is generally higher than the static E value obtained by unconfined compressive strength tests.
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Das, D., S. R. Debbarma, D. Bouri, S. Banerjee, and S. Chatterjee. "Assessment of a cracked reinforced concrete supporting structure for a converter in a steel melting shop through non-destructive testing and a statistical approach – a case study." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 62, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2020.62.11.633.
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The subject of this paper is the occurrence of cracks and other types of damage, such as delamination of the reinforcement cover, carbonation, porosity, etc, which have occurred in a reinforced concrete supporting structure for a converter in a steel melting shop in India. The structure consists of two thick reinforced concrete walls on which the converter rests. Converters are used in a steel melting shop for blowing oxygen through hot metal and steel is produced through a reaction with carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulphur, etc. A scientific review of the existing non-destructive test methods is carried out with reference to this case study and critical features of the testing process are described, which will help site engineers to correctly devise the test sequence and analysis procedure for assessment of the structures in specific critical conditions. Crack depth is estimated by analysing test results based on the ultrasonic pulse velocity. The paper explains how appropriate selection of the method and basic parameters is essential for estimating the most accurate crack depth. Lack of understanding of the existing condition of the material of the structure may lead to an incorrect interpretation of the test results. Further to this, a simple statistical procedure is described to identify significant cracks without detailed testing. The repair methodology and its specific features are also discussed in this paper. This case study on the assessment of the converter supporting structure will help engineers to provide solutions for similar types of damaged structure found in industry.
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Wardani, Dyah Ayu Pramoda, Neny Kurniawati, Budi Hariyanto, Nazopatul Patonah Har, Noviyan Darmawan, Rofiqul Umam, and Irzaman Irzaman. "Extraction and Characterization of Silica from Reeds Biomass (Imperata cylindrical) in Various Annealing Temperature." Photonics Letters of Poland 15, no. 1 (April 2, 2023): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v15i1.1186.
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Reeds biomass has been successfully extracted. It calcinated with annealing temperatures at 800 °C (A800), 850 °C (A850), and 900 °C (A900). The x-ray pattern showed that it has a cristoballite (SiO2) crystal structure. The band gap energy values are 3.8 eV, 3.7 eV and 4.7 eV, respectively. FTIR spectra show the groups are silanol, siloxane, and monohydride. Quantitatively, it provide results to determine the optical properties and dielectric functions which indicate shift to longer wavelengths with an increase in annealing temperature. The morphology gives different image where the particles are formed flakes (A800), aggregates (A850) and porous aggregates (A900). Full Text: PDF References A. F. Ramdja, R. A. Silalahi, N. Sihombing, "Pengaruh waktu, temperatur dan dosis H2SO4 pada hidrolisa asam terhadap kadar etanol berbahan baku alang-alang," J. Tek. Kim., 17, (2010). CrossRef Z. S. Osvaldo, P. Putra, M. Faizal, "Pengaruh konsentrasi asam dan waktu pada proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi pembuatan bioetanol dari alang-alang," J. Tek. Kim., 18, (2012). CrossRef I. S. Naji, N. A. Khalifa, and H. M. Khalaf, "Influence of annealing temperature on the physical properties of thin Cu2SiO4 films prepared by pulsed laser deposition," Dig. J. Nanomater. Biostructures, 12, 899 (2017). DirectLink M. Sahri, A. R. Tualeka, N. Widajati, "Quantitative risk assesment of crystalline silica exposure in ceramics industry," Indian J. Public Heal. Res. & Dev., 10, 601 (2019). CrossRef A. Berendjchi, R. Khajavi, M. E. Yazdanshenas, "Application of nanosols in textile industry," Int. J. Green Nanotechnol., 1, 1943089213506814 (2013). CrossRef P. Y. Steinberg, "Structural and mechanical properties of silica mesoporous films synthesized using deep X-rays: implications in the construction of devices," Front. Mater., 8, 27 (2021). CrossRef A. F. Lourenço, J. A. F. Gamelas, J. Sequeira, P. J. Ferreira, J. L. Velho, "Improving paper mechanical properties using silica-modified ground calcium carbonate as filler," BioResources, 10, 8312 (2015). CrossRef S. Begum, M. Allaudin, M. A. Qaiser, and F. KHAN, "Beneficiation of silica sand for the manufacturing of optical glass". J.Chem. Soc. Pakistan, 21, 83 (1999). DirectLink N. H. N. A. Hadi, A. Anuar, R. K. Shuib, "Effect of Different Salinization Methods of Silica Filler on Rubber Reinforcement," J. Eng., 15, 71 (2019). CrossRef K. Kayed and D. B. Kurd, "The effect of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of Si/SiO2 composites synthesized by thermal oxidation of silicon wafers," Silicon, 14, 5157 (2021). CrossRef F. Ravaux, N. S. Rajput, J. Abed, L. George, M. Tiner, M. Jouiad, "Effect of rapid thermal annealing on crystallization and stress relaxation of SiGe nanoparticles deposited by ICP PECVD," RSC Adv.,7, 32087 (2017). CrossRef H. Liu et al., "Design and synthesis of carbon-coated α-Fe2O3-Fe3O4 heterostructured as anode materials for lithium ion batteries," Appl. Surf. Sci., 495, 143590 (2019). CrossRef M. Ghasemifard, E. Fathi, M. Ghamari, "The effect of Fe3+-doped on structure and optical properties of mesoporous Al2O3/SiO2 composite," Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process., 42, 349 (2016). CrossRef X. Lu et al., "Effect of high-intensity ultrasound irradiation on the stability and structural features of coconut-grain milk composite systems utilizing maize kernels and starch with different amylose contents," Ultrason. Sonochem., 55, 135 (2019). CrossRef E. W. Juni, A. Arnelli, S. Sriatun, "Pemanfaatan Surfaktan Kationik Hasil Sublasi sebagai Molekul Pengarah pada Pembuatan Material Berpori dari Sekam Padi," J. Kim. Sains dan Apl., 15, 24 (2012). CrossRef F. Adam, K. Kandasamy, S. Balakrishnan, "Iron incorporated heterogeneous catalyst from rice husk ash," J. Colloid Interface Sci., 304, 137 (2006). CrossRef K. C. Wong, "Review of spectrometric identification of organic compounds." J. Chem. Educ., 92, 1602 (2015). CrossRef L. H. Abuhassan, "Enhancement of the production yield of fluorescent silicon nanostructures using silicon-based salts," Sains Malaysiana, 39, 837 (2010). DirectLink U. Kalapathy, A. Proctor, J. Shultz, "Silica xerogels from rice hull ash: structure, density and mechanical strength as affected by gelation pH and silica concentration", J. Chem. Technol. & Biotechnol., 75, 464 (2000) CrossRef
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"Foreign Direct Investment on Agricultural Industry in India." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 2S10 (October 11, 2019): 686–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b1122.0982s1019.
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Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for about 58 per cent of India’s population. Gross Value Added by agriculture, forestry and fishing is estimated at Rs 18.53 trillion (US$ 271.00 billion) in FY18. According to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), the Indian food processing industry has cumulatively attracted Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) equity inflow of about USD 9.08 billion between April 2000 and March 2019. The agriculture sector in Asian country is anticipated to come up with higher momentum within the next few years thanks to accrued investments in agricultural infrastructure like irrigation facilities, deposit and cold storage. What is more, the growing use of genetically changed crops can probably improve the yield for Indian farmers. India is anticipated to be self-sustaining in pulses within the returning few years because of conjunctive efforts of scientists to urge early-maturing types of pulses and therefore the increase in minimum support value. FDI works as a way of integration developing countries into the world market place and increasing the capital accessible for investment, so resulting in inflated economic process required to cut back financial condition and lift living standards. India is expected to achieve the ambitious goal of doubling farm income by 2022. This study main objective is analyzing Indian agricultural manufacturing and allied industries are qualified for the future expansion of agriculture sector through its modernization of agro based machineries industries. This study centered solely the chances of the allied industries (R& D, equipments, and machineries up gradation.
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Mandavi Sahu and Dr Sapna Arora. "Case Study: Risk Assessment of Indian Pulse processing firms using FMEA Techniques – Evidence from selected states of India." Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, October 14, 2022, 2624–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.s06.339.
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The pulse value chain played significant role in agriculture and other industry sector such as food , pharma industry. The pulse value chain consists of sequences of business activities that perform significant activities, from primary production transformation into the final product to marketing for final consumption to the consumer. Pulse value chain develops different framework structures for developing competitive business strategy development to identify the significant constraints in a compressive manner. However, pulse processing firms face many risks, i.e., production risk, operation risk, supply risk, etc., which hampers the growth of these firms. The paper aims to identify pulse processing firms' risk factors and measure the severity of the risk. The risk assessment of pulses processing firms creates the opportunity for continuous quality improvement of the pulse value chain, and their performance also develops quality up gradation of pulse processed food. The present study is based on 25 pulse processing firms selected firms from the states of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Delhi/NCR. The study applied FMEA (Failure mode Effect Analysis) and Pareto Analysis to identify the potential risk and determine their severity index with the help of the Pareto analysis chart, and applied the ANOVA method to generate the frequency of F- the value of risk factors impact on pulse firms understand the level of significance of risk factors.
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-, Gangaraju S. "The Impact of Stock Market on Growth of Industry in India during Post Reform Periods." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 4, no. 6 (December 19, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2022.v04i06.1202.
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The stock exchange facilitates the industrial growth by providing finance for the enterprises. A well developed and ably regulated stock market facilitates sustainable development of the country in general and industry in specific, by providing long run funds in exchange for financial assets to the inverters. It creates market for company’s shares. It also helps in increasing the esteem and status of the company. The stock exchanges also promote the company by creating public interest in it with additional fund by means of issuing new shares or other securities. Industrialization or perish is the development mantra Sir M Visvesvaraya gave to India. But the path to industrialization is not an easy path, It requires lost of infrastructures including that of finance. The growth of the Corporate Industrial sector, apart from its own savings depends on the inflow of financial resources into it. The importance of financial sector to industrial growth as well as economic growth is debated by various economists. Some economists like Robinson (1952), Lucas (1988) do not consider financial system as important tool for economic growth. BSE is the biggest stock exchange of India. It represents the stock market development of India. The turnover of Bombay stock exchange at cash segment was 45,696 Crore in during 1992-93 which increased to 13,38,225 Crore In 2021-22. The market capitalization of BSE was 3,23,363 Crore in 1991-92 which increased to 2, 64, 06,501 Crore in 2021-22. Sensex which reflect the pulses of stock market was 1842 points in 1991-92 which increased to 55775 points in 2021-22. And industrial production which determine the economic growth of Indian economy was 3,25,150 crore in 1991-92 which increased to 37, 49,971 crore in 2021-22
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Keshava, S. R. "75 Years of India's Economic Development: Evaluation, Challenges, and Way forward." Kristu Jayanti Journal of Management Sciences (KJMS), April 1, 2022, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.59176/kjms.v1i1.2197.
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After 75 years of India's Independence, India is now one of the fastest-growing economies; hot FDI destinations of the World; India is the sixth-largest economy globally, with a GDP of $2.66 trillion. India is the world's largest producer of milk, pulses, and jute and ranks as the second-largest producer of rice, wheat, sugarcane, groundnut, vegetables, fruit, and cotton. It is also one of the leading producers of spices, fish, poultry, livestock, and plantation crops. (FAO 2018), It also produced 25 percent of the world's pulses, as of last decade, until 2019. (1BEF, 2021) Whereas India still has many areas of concern. Despite having food security, India has 97.7 million living below the poverty line, which is around 6 percent of the population in 2021, as per the World Poverty Clock.; India's rank is 66 out of 109 countries in United Nations Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2021: India ranked 101st out of 116 countries in the Global Hunger Index 2021. India ranked 131 out of 189 countries on the U.N. Human Development Index 2020; India ranked 139 out of 149 countries in U.N. World Happiness Index 2021. In this research article, the data of major socio-economic factors are analyzed to track the journey of India's growth in the past 75 years and has analyzed it using simple statistical tools like percentage and growth rate. The data about 75 years of India's Independence, GDP, Per capita Income Growth, Capital formation, Savings, Foreign Trade, Agriculture, Indebtedness, Industry, MSME, Infrastructure, Poverty, Inequality are analyzed, and meaningful analyses were drawn. The Challenges to the Indian economy, the way forward, and the lessons India can learn from China and South Korea are also discussed. India can surge ahead to its potential and celebrate the 100th year of India's Independence as a World Economic Superpower if India invests 6 percent of its GDP in imparting quality skill education, 4 percent of its GDP on providing quality health; increase the domestic capital formation to 40 percent, create world-class.
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"Industry Watch." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 08, no. 24 (December 30, 2004): 1360–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030304001983.
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Eiffel's New SCF Facility in Operation. Non Bactericidal Antibiotics. C-Pulse Heart Device Testing Progressing. Mesoblast Boosted by Successful Closing of IPO. China's Changing IPR Landscape. Investment Hotspot: China's OTC Market. Matrix Laboratories Close to Inking Landmark Contract Manufacturing Deal. Sosei US Subsidiary Focuses on CNS Therapy Development. Novartis Contemplates Setting up Research Base in India. Latest Pharma Merger: Dainippon and Sumitomo. Eisai Targets on Anti-Hepatitis Drug Market in China. Zimmer Targets at Asian Aging Population. ES Cell Receives Million Dollar Grant. Combing to be Regional Vaccine Manufacturing Center.
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Tiwari, Ajita, and S. K. JHA. "Extrusion cooking technology: Principal mechanism and effect on direct expanded snacks – An overview." International Journal of Food Studies 6, no. 1 (April 18, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.7455/ijfs.v6i1.345.
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The snack industry is one of the fastest growing food sectors and is an important contributor within the global convenience food market. Nowadays snacks and convenience foods are also consumed regularly in India. Properly designed convenience foods can make an important contribution to nutrition in societies where social changes are altering traditional patterns of food preparation. Extrusion cooking as a popular means of preparing snack foods based on cereals and plant protein foodstuff has elicited considerable interest and attention over the past 30 years. Several studies on the extrusion of cereals and pulses, using various proportions, have been conducted because blends of cereals and pulses produce protein enriched products. Special importance is placed on the physicochemical and chemical modifications of protein, starch and dietary fibre. Extruded products can be categorized for a particular application based on their functional properties such as water absorption and water solubility index, expansion ratio, bulk density and viscosity of the dough.Therefore, the literature was reviewed for effect of extrusion processing on product parameters, and nutritional and anti-nutritional properties of extruded products.
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Rath, Badrinarayan, Shirish Deo, and Gangadhar Ramtekkar. "An Experimental Study on Strength and Durability of Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement and Sand with Coal Ashes Available in Central Chhattisgarh Region." Current Applied Science and Technology, May 18, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.01.22.010.
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Chhattisgarh ranks 3rd in coal production in India and plenty of coal is mined daily in the central Chhattisgarh region of India. Hence, a lot of steel and power plants have been established in this region. From these power plants, a huge amount of fly ash and pond ash is generated daily, and these ashes are occupying large landfill areas. The carbon dioxide released from the chimneys of these plants not only pollutes the local air mass but also creates the problem of carbonation of local concrete structures. The corrosion of RCC structures in this highly industrialized local region surrounded by industry is accelerated due to the high emission of carbon dioxide. Hence, the strength and durability of concrete must be checked for the partial replacement of cement and sand with locally available industrial wastes in order to ascertain its long-term performance. The present investigation was taken up to do a detailed study on workability, durability, and strength of concrete by replacing cement with fly ash by weight up to 40% and sand with pond ash by volume up to 20% with a constant dose of glass fiber of 0.1% of the volume of the concrete. Various tests like rheology, shrinkage, electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, heat conductivity, leaching, compressive strength and flexural strength were conducted on various mixes of new coal ash fiber reinforced concrete. From these results, a mixed design process was proposed for the preparation of sustainable concrete from locally available industrial by-products.
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"Test on Concrete after Adding Foundry Sand." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39973.
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Abstract: Due to ever increasing quantities of waste materials and industrial by-products, solid waste management is the prime concern in the world. Scarcity of land-filling space and because of its ever increasing cost, recycling and utilization of industrial by-products and waste materials has become an attractive proposition to disposal. There are several types of industrial byproducts and waste materials. The utilization of such materials in concrete not only makes it economical, but also helps in reducing disposal concerns. One such industrial by-product is Waste Foundry Sand (SFS). WFS is major byproduct of metal casting industry and successfully used as a land filling material for many years. But use of waste foundry sand (WFS) for land filling is becoming a problem due to rapid increase in disposal cost. In an effort to use the WFS in construction materials, research has being carried out for its possible utilization in making concrete as partial replacement of fine aggregate. In India, approximately 1.71 million tons of waste foundry sand and in Punjab region, approximately 0.17 million tons of waste foundry is produced yearly. This experimental investigation was performed to evaluate the strength and durability properties of M20 (30 MPa) and M30 (40 MPa) grades of concrete mixes, in which natural sand was partial replaced with waste foundry sand (WFS). Natural sand was replaced with five percentage (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) of WFS by weight. A total of ten concrete mix proportions M-1, M-2, M- 3, M-4 and M-5 for M20 grade of concrete and M-6, M-7, M-8, M-9 and M-10 for M30 grade of concrete with and without WFS were developed. Compression test, splitting tensile strength test and modulus of elasticity were carried out to evaluate the strength properties of concrete at the age of 7, 28, 91 and 365 days. In non destructive testing, rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity test were conducted at the age of 28, 91 and 365 days. In case of durability property, abrasion resistance, rapid Chloride Permeability and deicing salt scaling resistance was evaluated at the age of 28, 91 and 365 days. Statistical analysis and comparative study between strength and durability properties of both grade of concrete (M20 and M30) were carried out at the age of 28, 91 and 365 days. XRD study was done to identify the presence of various compounds in M20 grade of concrete with foundry sand in varying percentages replacement of fine aggregate.