Relevant bibliographies by topics / Indian Ocean marine sediment

Academic literature on the topic 'Indian Ocean marine sediment'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Indian Ocean marine sediment"

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Lawler, Kelly-Anne, Giuseppe Cortese, Matthieu Civel-Mazens, Helen Bostock, Xavier Crosta, Amy Leventer, Vikki Lowe, John Rogers, and Leanne K. Armand. "The Southern Ocean Radiolarian (SO-RAD) dataset: a new compilation of modern radiolarian census data." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 11 (November 25, 2021): 5441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5441-2021.

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Abstract. Radiolarians (holoplanktonic protozoa) preserved in marine sediments are commonly used as palaeoclimate proxies for reconstructing past Southern Ocean environments. Generating reconstructions of past climate based on microfossil abundances, such as radiolarians, requires a spatially and environmentally comprehensive reference dataset of modern census counts. The Southern Ocean Radiolarian (SO-RAD) dataset includes census counts for 238 radiolarian taxa from 228 surface sediment samples located in the Atlantic, Indian, and southwest Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean. This compilation is the largest radiolarian census dataset derived from surface sediment samples in the Southern Ocean. The SO-RAD dataset may be used as a reference dataset for palaeoceanographic reconstructions, or for studying modern radiolarian biogeography and species diversity. As well as describing the data collection and collation, we include recommendations and guidelines for cleaning and subsetting the data for users unfamiliar with the procedures typically used by the radiolarian community. The SO-RAD dataset is available to download from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.929903 (Lawler et al., 2021).
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Jiang, Zhao, Wei-Hua Zhang, Chang-Guo Yuan, Jia-Yang Chen, Li-Xiang Cao, Dong-Jin Park, Min Xiao, Chang-Jin Kim, and Wen-Jun Li. "Kocuria subflava sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment from the Indian Ocean." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 108, no. 6 (September 11, 2015): 1349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-015-0587-z.

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Phillips, Stephen C., and Kate Littler. "Comparison of sediment composition by smear slides to quantitative shipboard data: a case study on the utility of smear slide percent estimates, IODP Expedition 353, northern Indian Ocean." Scientific Drilling 30 (February 25, 2022): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-59-2022.

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Abstract. Smear slide petrography has been a standard technique during scientific ocean drilling expeditions to characterize sediment composition and classify sediment types, but presentation of these percent estimates to track downcore trends in sediment composition has become less frequent over the past 2 decades. We compare semi-quantitative smear slide composition estimates to physical property (natural gamma radiation, NGR) and solid-phase geochemical (calcium carbonate, CaCO3 %) measurements from a range of marine depositional environments in the northern Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, Ninetyeast Ridge) collected during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 353. We show that presenting smear slide estimates as percentages, rather than abundance categories, reveals similar downcore variation in composition to the more quantitative core analyses. Overall downcore trends in total calcareous components from smear slides (foraminifers + nannofossils + shell fragments + authigenic carbonate) follow similar downcore trends to samples measured by CaCO3 coulometry. Total lithogenic components (clay + mica + quartz + feldspars + lithic grains + vitric grains + glauconite + heavy minerals + iron oxides) and clay from smear slides track reasonably well with NGR measurements. Comparison of site averages of absolute percentages of total calcium carbonate from coulometry and total calcareous components from smear slide observations reveals an overestimation in carbonate percentages in smear slides (likely due in part to underestimation of the clay fraction), especially in sediments rich in smectite clays. Differences in sediment color between sites and settling of clay particles during slide preparation may contribute to this discrepancy. Although smear slide estimates range in accuracy depending on the training of the operator, we suggest that sedimentologists describing cores obtained during scientific drilling can use the percent estimates of sedimentary components in smear slides to identify trends and cyclicity in marine sediment records.
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Yin, Q. Z., and Z. T. Guo. "Strong summer monsoon during the cool MIS-13." Climate of the Past 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2008): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-4-29-2008.

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Abstract. The δ18O record in deep-sea sediments show a significant reduced amplitude of the ice volume variations before Marine Isotope Stage 11, about 400 ka ago, with less warm interglacials and less cold glacials. The deuterium temperature and the greenhouse gases records in the Antarctic ice cores show the same feature. As the reduction in the amplitude of climate and greenhouse gases concentration variations before 400 ka BP is present in both deep-sea and ice cores, it is tempting to conclude that this is a worldwide phenomenon. This is not necessarily true, at least as far as some of the records, in particular of China and Europe, are concerned. The loess in northern China, the sedimentary core in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the palaeosols in southern China all record an unusually warm and wet climate during Marine Isotope Stage 13, indicating an extremely strong East Asian summer monsoon. The pollen record from Europe shows that the climatic conditions during the interglacials previous to Marine Isotope Stage 11 are at least as warm as the younger interglacials. During Marine Isotope Stage 13, unusually strong African and Indian monsoon are recorded in the sediments of the equatorial Indian Ocean and of the Mediterranean Sea. Other extreme climate events are also recorded in sediment cores of the equatorial Atlantic, the Pacific, the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean and in the Lake Baikal of Siberia.
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Chen, Rou-Wen, Ke-Xin Wang, Fa-Zuo Wang, Yuan-Qiu He, Li-Juan Long, and Xin-Peng Tian. "Rubrobacter indicoceani sp. nov., a new marine actinobacterium isolated from Indian Ocean sediment." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 68, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 3487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003018.

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Buck, Lucy, Charlie Bristow, and Ella Meilianda. "After the Indian Ocean Tsunami (IOT): Natural beach recovery, Meulaboh, Sumatra, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 340 (2022): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234001002.

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Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) offers an efficient and non-invasive method of identifying and characterising subsurface features. It has previously been used to investigate both tsunami deposits and marine erosion surfaces from tsunamis as well as the structure of the structure of prograding beaches. The present study investigates beach deposits at Meulaboh, western coast of Aceh Province in Sumatra Island of Indonesia, to estimate the volume of sediment that has been deposited since the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, using the GPR with an antenna of 200 MHz. Two profiles perpendicular to the coastline were collected, one 93 m long and the other 30 m long, to capture the internal profile of beach ridge deposition. From the GPR measurement the amount of 1,190,191,716 tons of sediment redeposited along the 1092 m coastline since the 2004 tsunami, with a prograding length of 73 m per year. As beaches provide a good form of tsunami protection the rapid beach recovery and the return of a large amount of sediment helps provide much needed coastal protection to the area.
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Yin, Q. Z., and Z. T. Guo. "Strong summer monsoon during the cool MIS-13." Climate of the Past Discussions 3, no. 5 (October 11, 2007): 1119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-3-1119-2007.

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Abstract. The δ18O record in deep-sea sediments show a significant reduced amplitude of the ice volume variations before Marine Isotope Stage 11, about 400 kyr ago, with less warm interglacials and less cold glacials. The deuterium temperature and the greenhouse gases records in the Antarctic ice cores show the same feature. As the reduction in the amplitude of climate and greenhouse gases concentration variations before 400 kyr BP is present in both deep-sea and ice cores, it is tempting to conclude that this is a worldwide phenomenon. This is not necessarily true, at least as far as some of the records, in particular of China, are concerned. The loess in northern China, the sedimentary core in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the palaeosols in southern China all record an unusually warm and wet climate during Marine Isotope Stage 13, indicating an extremely strong East Asian summer monsoon. During the same interglacial, unusually strong African and Indian monsoon are recorded in the sediments of the equatorial Indian Ocean and of the Mediterranean Sea. Other extreme climate events are also recorded in sediment cores of the equatorial Atlantic, the Pacific, the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean and in the Lake Baikal of Siberia.
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Dunlea, Ann G., Liviu Giosan, and Yongsong Huang. "Pliocene expansion of C<sub>4</sub> vegetation in the Core Monsoon Zone on the Indian Peninsula." Climate of the Past 16, no. 6 (December 23, 2020): 2533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2533-2020.

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Abstract. The expansion of C4 vegetation during the Neogene was one of the largest reorganizations of Earth's terrestrial biome. Once thought to be globally synchronous in the late Miocene, site-specific studies have revealed differences in the timing of the expansion and suggest that local conditions play a substantial role. Here, we examine the expansion of C4 vegetation on the Indian Peninsula since the late Miocene by constructing a ∼6-million-year paleorecord with marine sediment from the Bay of Bengal at Site U1445, drilled during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 353. Analyses of element concentrations indicate that the marine sediment originates from the Mahanadi River in the Core Monsoon Zone (CMZ) of the Indian Peninsula. Hydrogen isotopes of the fatty acids of leaf waxes reveal an overall decrease in the CMZ precipitation since the late Miocene. Carbon isotopes of the leaf wax fatty acids suggest C4 vegetation on the Indian Peninsula existed before the end of the Miocene but expanded to even higher abundances during the mid-Pliocene to mid-Pleistocene (∼3.5 to 1.5 million years ago). Similar to the CMZ on the Indian Peninsula, a Pliocene expansion or re-expansion has previously been observed in northwest Australia and in East Africa, suggesting that these tropical ecosystems surrounding the Indian Ocean remained highly sensitive to changes in hydroclimate after the initial spread of C4 plants in late Miocene.
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Putra, Purna Sulastya, and Septriono Hari Nugroho. "Distribusi Sedimen Permukaan Dasar Laut Perairan Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Timur." Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 2, no. 3 (December 28, 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2017.v2i3.118.

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<strong>Subsurface sediment distribution in the Sumba Waters, East Nusa Tenggara.</strong> Marine geological survey of the Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara 2016 was conducted in the Sumba Waters on 4 to 26 August 2016 using Baruna Jaya VIII research vessel. The aim of this survey was to reveal the type and characteristics of the subsurface sediments of the Sumba Waters. A total of 13 samples were taken from the different depth in the subsurface bottom of the sea using grabbing methode with box corer. Grain size analysis were conducted using Mastersizer 2000 to understand the characteristics and the sediment type distribution. In general, the type of the subsurface sediment in the Sumba Waters is ranging from medium to very coarse sandy silt. Distribution of the subsurface sediments is correlated to depths. Grain size of the sediments in the Sumba Strait is coarser than in the western and southern of Sumba Island that directly connected to the Indian Ocean. Distribution of the subsurface sediment showing that the sediment, which are distributed further away from the coast is poorly sorted. The deposition of the subsurface-sea sediment is interpreted to represent a calm, and slow sedimentation mechanism under uniform suspension process.
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Amsler, Helen Eri, Lena Mareike Thöle, Ingrid Stimac, Walter Geibert, Minoru Ikehara, Gerhard Kuhn, Oliver Esper, and Samuel Laurent Jaccard. "Bottom water oxygenation changes in the southwestern Indian Ocean as an indicator for enhanced respired carbon storage since the last glacial inception." Climate of the Past 18, no. 8 (August 9, 2022): 1797–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1797-2022.

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Abstract. We present downcore records of redox-sensitive authigenic uranium (U) and manganese (Mn) concentrations based on five marine sediment cores spanning a meridional transect encompassing the Subantarctic and Antarctic zones in the southwestern Indian Ocean covering the last glacial cycle. These records signal lower bottom water oxygenation during glacial climate intervals and generally higher oxygenation during warm periods, consistent with climate-related changes in deep-ocean remineralized carbon storage. Regional changes in the export of siliceous phytoplankton to the deep sea may have entailed a secondary influence on oxygen levels at the water–sediment interface, especially in the Subantarctic Zone. The rapid reoxygenation during the deglaciation is in line with increased ventilation and enhanced upwelling after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), which in combination conspired to transfer previously sequestered remineralized carbon to the surface ocean and the atmosphere, contributing to propel the Earth's climate out of the last ice age. These records highlight the still insufficiently documented role that the Southern Indian Ocean played in the air–sea partitioning of CO2 on glacial–interglacial timescales.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Indian Ocean marine sediment"

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Urvois, Marc. "Apports de l'estimation geostatistique de l'epaisseur des unites metalliferes dans la comprehension des mecanismes de mise en place des sediments de la fosse atlantis ii (mer rouge)." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2049.

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Cette approche geostatistique menee sur les deux niveaux sulfures (su::(1) et su::(2)) et sur le niveau oxyde (co) montre que la repartition n'est pas aleatoire. L'analyse comparative des cartes isopaques met en evidence des similitudes entre su::(2) et co et une distribution distincte entre su::(1) et su::(2), indiquant par la que la repartition des sediments est independante des conditions d'oxydo-reduction du milieu. Les teneurs en elements de base (zn, cu, fe, mn, s sulfure) sont etudiees a travers leur moyenne ponderee, par unite lithologique et par bassin. Elles montrent une migration des sources dans l'espace et le temps depuis le nord de la fosse lors du depot de su::(1), vers le sud pendant celui de su::(2). Les teneurs en elements chalcophiles dans le bassin sud-ouest, region actuelle des emergences, sont systematiquement superieures a celles du reste de la fosse. Le developpement d'un panache en milieu oxygene conduit a la precipitation preponderante d'oxydes et a la formation du niveau oxyde (co). A l'inverse, des episodes moins intenses correspondent au piegeage du fluide hydrothermal dans les saumures et au depot des niveaux sulfures (su::(1) et su::(2))
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Fierens, Ruth. "Le système sédimentaire du Zambèze de l'Oligocène au Quaternaire (Canal du Mozambique, Océan Indien) : architecture, sédimentation et facteurs de contrôle Late Quaternary geomorphology and sedimentary processes in the Zambezi turbidite system (Mozambique Channel), in Geomorphology 334, June 2019 The influence of bottom currents on the Zambezi Valley morphology (Mozambique Channel, SW Indian Ocean): In situ current observations and hydrodynamic modelling, in Marine Geology 410, April 2019." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0032.

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Le système turbiditique du Zambèze (Canal du Mozambique, Océan Indien occidental) est l'un des plus grands systèmes turbiditiques au monde et reste encore mal compris. L'acquisition récente de données bathymétriques multifaisceaux à haute résolution, de données de sismique réflexion haute et très haute résolution et de données sédimentologiques a permis d'étudier l'évolution de l'architecture et l'organisation des dépôts depuis l'Oligocène afin de comprendre les principaux facteurs de forçage qui contrôlent la sédimentation en eau profonde dans le Canal du Mozambique. Le système turbiditique du Zambèze est composé de deux systèmes de dépôt adjacents : l'éventail du Zambèze ("Zambezi Fan") et un éventail semi-confiné ("ponded fan") dans un bassin intermédiaire face à l'embouchure du Zambèze. Les résultats et les interprétations indiquent : (1) un important contrôle tectonique depuis le Miocène responsable d'une sur-incision profonde de la vallée du Zambèze et de débordements limités des courants turbiditiques ; (2) une influence importante des courants de fond qui induisent la rareté des turbidites fines, l'érosion des flancs des vallées et l'apparition généralisée de "sediment waves" ; (3) une faible activité turbiditique au cours des 700 derniers kyr qui ne montre, en outre, aucune relation avec les changements du niveau de la mer, l'activité turbiditique s'observant indépendamment des périodes glaciaires et interglaciaires ; (4) des pics de flux terrigènes corrélés aux maxima d'ensoleillement estival local, indiquant que la mousson est le contrôle majeur des apports de sédiments vers le système de dépôt marin profond ; (5) une évolution "on-off" du l'éventail du Zambèze qui démontre un déplacement du dépocentre de la partie distale de l'éventail vers le bassin intermédiaire proximal. Ces résultats soulignent la grande complexité du système turbiditique du Zambèze en raison de l'impact de facteurs de contrôles multiples
The Zambezi turbidite system (Mozambique Channel, Western Indian Ocean) is one of the largest turbidite systems in the world and yet still remains poorly understood. Newly acquired high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, seismic reflection and sedimentological data allowed to investigate the architecture evolution and depositional patterns since the Oligocene in order to understand the main forcing factors that control the deep sea sedimentation in the Mozambique Channel. It was found that the Zambezi turbidite system is composed of two adjacent depositional systems: the channelized Zambezi Fan and a semiconfined fan in the lntermediate Basin. Moreover, results and interpretations indicate: (1) important tectonic control since the Miocene that caused deep incision of the Zambezi Valley and limited overflow of turbidite currents; (2) an important influence of bottom-currents that induces scarcity of fine-grained turbidites, valley flanks erosion and widespread occurrence of sediment waves; (3) low turbidite activity for the last 700 kyr that shows no relationship with sea-level changes as turbidite activity occurred irrespective of glacial or interglacial periods; (4) peaks in terrigenous flux with maxima in local summer insolation, reflecting that monsoon controls the sediment inputs towards the deep marine depositional system; (5) an on-off evolution of the Zambezi Fan that demonstrates a depocenter shift from the distal Zambezi Fan to the proximal Intermediate Basin. All our findings underline the high complexity in depositional environments of the Zambezi turbidite system
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Watson, Tracy S. "Sediment geochemistry of the oxygen minimum zone, north west Indian Ocean." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11518.

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Pasnin, Charles Olivier Arvin. "A marine systematic conservation plan for Rodrigues Island, Western Indian Ocean." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11054.

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In 2007 the local government of Rodrigues gazetted four marine reserves in the north of the island based on knowledge and insights from stakeholders, mainly from the fishing community. In order to verify the stakeholder-based design, a marine reserve network was designed using Marxan, a systematic conservation planning programme.
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DeLong, Kimberly. "Millennial-scale variability in the Indian monsoon and links to ocean circulation." Thesis, University of New Hampshire, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1591709.

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Millennial-scale variability in the Indian monsoon was temporally linked to changes in global ocean circulation during the last glacial period, as evidenced by planktic-benthic foraminiferal stable isotope and trace element results from an intermediate depth sediment core from the northwestern Bay of Bengal (Core NGHP-01-19B; 18°58'N, 85°39'E; 1,422 m). Paired planktic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and δ18Oc of G. ruber constrain sea surface temperatures and isolate millennial-scale variations in the δ18O of surface waters (δ 18Osw) which resulted from changes in river runoff in the northwestern Bay. Concurrently with low δ18Osw events, benthic foraminiferal δ13C of Cibicidoides spp. decreased, suggesting an increased influence of an aged water mass at this intermediate depth site during the low salinity events. Benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca of H. elegans supports the identification of this water mass as aged Glacial Antarctic Intermediate Water (GAAIW). Lagged correlation analysis (r= 0.41) indicates that changes in subsurface properties led changes in surface properties by an average of 380 years. The implication is that Southern Hemisphere climate exerted a controlling influence on the Indian monsoon during the last glacial period.

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Nicolas, Jean Vincent Arnaud. "Historical climate variability reconstructed from massive coral records in the western Indian Ocean." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9811.

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Coral δ¹⁸O and Sr/Ca records from massive corals in the western Indian Ocean (WIO) are used to establish the heterogeneous distribution of warming rates across the tropical and subtropical regions and to investigate if it corresponds with that from instrumental sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The coral records correlate with instrumental data better on monthly time scales compared to annual time scales. Coral thermal stress was assessed by the Degree Heating Months (DHM) technique and even though the coral DHM aligns quite well with instrumental DHM, the values from coral data are generally 2-3 times greater in magnitude than the DHM values from instrumental data. It was found that the accumulated thermal stress, calculated from coral and instrumental data, for the majority of the tropical and subtropical WIO sites has been increasing since the 1970’s. From 1870 to 1995, both the tropics and the subtropics have been warming in general, although with different and varying rates as recorded by the coral and the instrumental SSTs. It was further revealed that both the tropical and the subtropical WIO warmed during the summer and winter periods during 1870-1995. On longer time scales, the relationship between the coral records in the WIO and climate indices showed a significant interannual variability approximately centered at periods 3-6 years, indicating a probable link with ENSO and IOD. The extent to which coral reefs from different sites in the WIO are prepared to survive climate change based on historical SST variability and intensity of warming rates are described. It could therefore be suggested that some corals may be more favoured to survive warming climate compared to others because corals in the WIO are located in different oceanographic conditions and experience different climatic variations.
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Cowburn, Benjamin. "Coral reefs and climate change in the Indian ocean : a case study of Watamu Marine National Park, Kenya and other Indian Ocean locations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:22c16252-bdf9-4724-a2f8-dbd4c6fe7f09.

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Coral reefs are arguably the most threatened marine habitat because of multiple anthropogenic stressors degrading the health and resilience of these systems. In the past 20 years there have been increasing observations of mass coral bleaching and mortality associated with increasing water temperatures in the tropics. Reefs provide ecosystem services worth billions of dollars to people living in tropical coastal areas and are the architects of one of the most beautiful structures found on earth. Conserving these habitats is paramount, and conservation planning must contend with climate change along with local and regional stressors. In this thesis Watamu Marine National Park in Kenya is used as a case study of the current challenges facing the conservation of reefs in a warming world. The Western Indian Ocean suffered dramatic bleaching during 1998, which caused the mortality of 70% of Watamu's corals. Using datasets from the 1980s to present the historical trajectory of Watamu's reef community is presented. The current ecosystem resilience is assessed to suggest how this reef will respond to future climate stress. It appears that Watamu's coral community has remained in an altered state post-1998, which, based on its past thermal stress and current coral community, should be resistant to future bleaching. Watamu's resilience and reef health is compared with other locations in the Indian Ocean, including reefs in Kenya and the Maldives that bleached in 1998 and examples from Mozambique and Sumatra of reefs with little evidence of historical thermal stress. Resilience is a multi-faceted process with different major components and numerous interacting factors, which act synergistically on the reef community. Conservation options and opportunities are discussed for the 6 locations examined, using current resilience models and theory as a framework for identifying priority actions. Local and regional-scale human impacts on shallow marine habitats during the last 50 years has been dramatic, and with global-scale climate change as an additional major threat, the next 50 years will be critical for the future of reefs. The locations visited during this study showed encouraging signs of resilience to past thermal stress, with evidence to suggest that corals are acclimatising and/or adapting to increasing water temperatures. The future of reefs in locations like Watamu is uncertain. Better understanding of reef ecology, appropriate conservation techniques and ultimately greater public concern for reefs is required to ensure that there is a future for these ecosystems in the Indian Ocean.
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Fincham, Mark J. "Coccoliths and oxygen isotope observations from the sediment surface of the southwest Indian Ocean." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26540.

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The interplay of three important parameters, dissolution, dilution and winnowing seem to be controlling the state in which sediment material is preserved in the study area though most samples examined under the SEM were generally well preserved. The distribution of forty-four coccolithophore species in one hundred deep sea core-tops from the southwest Indian Ocean is described. Three coccolith assemblages have been recognised (Maputo, Agulhas Current and deep water) and are delineated by the relative abundances of four ecologically significant coccolithophore species (Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Emiliania huxleyi, Calcidiscus leptoporus and Umbilicosphaera sibogae). These four species are the most abundant in the study area and the major factors influencing their geographical distribution seem to be temperature, nutrient concentration and dissolution. Coccolith and foraminifera preservations indicate that the carbonate lysocline lies somewhere between 3500 and 4000 meters, resulting in the concentration of dissolution resistant microfossils below this depth. Stable oxygen isotope ratios in a planktonic foraminifera and percent abundances of E. huxleyi reveal that apart from cores taken in the Agulhas Passage, most of the core-top samples are probably less than 85,000 yrs. BP. Lightest isotope ratios of -1.5 to -1.0 per mil PDB (equal to 22.8 to 25.1°C) occur in a narrow band on the sea floor beneath the "A" route of the Agulhas Current. These values are about 0.5 per mil PDB lighter than samples analyzed on either side of this band and can be explained by the Agulhas Current's elevated temperature at the ocean surface of between 2 to 3°C. Thus, an oxygen isotope imprint of the Agulhas Current exists beneath it on the sea floor. The Agulhas Current is probably the major factor influencing sedimentation, sediment distribution patterns and geological features in the study area. At present it is voluminous and fast flowing, possibly eroding sediments 2500 meters below the surface. The oxygen-isotope ratios and nannoplankton counts obtained in this study indicate however, that the majority of samples are most probably recent or at least not older than 85,000 years except for sediments found in the Agulhas Passage. This implies that sediments are accumulating on the ocean floor and that the current does not have a pronounced erosional influence, at least in areas from which cores were retrieved for this study.
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Boersch-Supan, Philipp Hanno. "The ecology of scattering layer biota around Indian Ocean seamounts and islands." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11440.

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The waters of the open ocean constitute the largest living space on Earth but despite its obvious significance to the biosphere, the open ocean remains an unexplored frontier. With a regional focus on the Indian Ocean, this thesis investigates (i) the distribution of pelagic biota on basin scales, (ii) the effect of abrupt topography on pelagic biota and their predator-prey relationships, and (iii) the use of genetic techniques to elucidate population connectivity and dispersal of pelagic taxa. (i) Pelagic scattering layers (SLs) were surveyed with scientific echosounders across the southwest (SWIO) and central Indian Ocean to investigate their vertical and geographical distribution. Structurally distinct SL regimes were found across the Subantarctic Front, and may explain recently observed foraging behaviours of southern elephant seals. Regression models indicated a close relationship between sea surface temperature and mean volume backscatter, with significantly elevated backscatter in the subtropical convergence zone. The heterogeneous distribution of scattering layer biota may have implications for predator foraging and carbon cycling in the Indian Ocean. (ii) Acoustic surveys revealed diverse interactions between SLs, aggregations and topography around islands as well as shallow ( < 200m) and intermediate (200-800m) seamounts at spatial scales from 1 to 100 km. Epi-and mesopelagic backscatter was increased around reefs and banks of the Chagos archipelago, indicating connectivity between oceanic and neritic systems. SWIO seamounts harboured summit-associated aggregations, but the distributions of surrounding SLs did not follow a general pattern. Downstream SL depletion was observed in one location and combined with stomach content analyses, provides an insight into the mechanics of prey flux between open-ocean and seamount ecosystems. (iii) A mitochondrial marker was used to assess the population structure and demography of the hatchetfish Argyropelecus aculeatus in the SWIO. The results are suggestive of a single, well-connected population and indicate a recent population expansion around 0.14 million years ago. This highlights that even highly abundant mesopelagic populations are vulnerable to global climatic changes. Dispersal and recruitment are key ecological processes structuring seamount communities and are directly relevant for the management of exploited populations. Genetic barcoding was evaluated as a means to identify cryptic larval specimens of eels (leptocephali) and spiny lobsters (phyllosomata). Identification success was limited, but indicated the presence of 3-4 phyllosoma clades and 5-6 leptocephalus clades along the SWIR.
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Hanson, Christine Elizabeth. "Oceanographic forcing of phytoplankton dynamics in the coastal eastern Indian Ocean." University of Western Australia. Centre for Water Research, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0033.

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[Truncated abstract] This work was the first large-scale biological oceanographic study to be undertaken in the coastal eastern Indian Ocean adjacent to Western Australia, and covered both northwest (Exmouth Peninsula to the Abrolhos Islands) and southwest (Cape Naturaliste to Cape Leeuwin) regions. The study area was dominated by the Leeuwin Current (LC), an anomalous eastern boundary current that transports tropical water poleward and prevents deep nutrients from reaching the surface by creating large-scale downwelling. Indeed, LC and offshore waters were consistently associated with low nitrate concentrations and low phytoplankton biomass and production (< 200 mg C m-2 d-1). However, the physical forcing of the LC was offset, during the summer months, by upwelling associated with wind-driven inshore countercurrents (Ningaloo and Capes Currents), which provided a mechanism to access high nutrient concentrations normally confined to the base of the LC. ... Limited seasonal investigations off the Capes region of southwestern Australia showed that the winter production scenario can be very different than summer conditions, with strong Leeuwin Current flow that meanders onto the continental shelf and entrains seasonally nutrient-enriched shelf waters. However, production in the LC was still low (≤450 mg C m-2 d-1) due to light limitation resulting from both increased light attenuation and reduced surface irradiance characteristic of the winter months. This investigation provides fundamental knowledge on physical-biological coupling off Western Australia, with implications for fisheries management in view of seasonal and inter-annual variability in the strength of both the Leeuwin Current and inshore countercurrents.
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Books on the topic "Indian Ocean marine sediment"

1

Mukhopadhyay, Ranadhir. The Indian Ocean nodule field: Geology and resource potential. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2008.

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Happee, T. J. W. Behaviour of trace- and major elements in sediments in an upwelling zone of the Somalia and Oman continental margin and the equatorial Indian Ocean. Texel, The Netherlands: Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1994.

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Debelius, Helmut. Crustacea guide of the world: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean. Frankfurt, Germany: IKAN-Unterwasserarchiv, 1999.

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Draper, S. H. The sediment mechanics of Rodrigues Ridge oozes, Indian Ocean. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 1988.

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1965-, Tripathi Alok, Archaeological Survey of India, and India Indian Navy, eds. Marine archaeological perspective of the Indian Ocean. New Delhi: Organising Committee, International Seminar on Marine Archaeology, 2008.

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Mary-Frances, Thompson, Sarojini Rachakonda, Nagabhushanam Rachakonda, and International Conference on the Biology of Benthic Marine Organisms (1984 : Marathwada University), eds. Indian Ocean biology of benthic marine organisms: Techniques and methods as applied to the Indian Ocean. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1986.

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Indian Conference on Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries (1st 1987 Jamnagar, India). Marine archaeology of Indian Ocean countries: Proceedings of the First Indian Conference on Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries, Oct. 1987. Edited by Rao S. R. 1922-, Arachaeological Survey of India, India. Dept. of Science and Technology., India. Dept. of Ocean Development., and National Institute of Oceanography (India). Dona Paula, Goa: National Institute of Oceanography, 1988.

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Allen, Gerald R. Reef fishes of the Indian Ocean: A pictorial guide to the common reef fishes of the Indian Ocean. Neptune, N.J: T.F.H. Publications, 1987.

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Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association. Constitution of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association. [Tanzania]: Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, 1997.

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Mary-Frances, Thompson, Sarojini Rachakonda, and Nagabhushanam Rachakonda, eds. Marine biodeterioration: Advanced techniques applicable to the Indian Ocean. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Indian Ocean marine sediment"

1

Gupta, Manoj. "Regime for Marine Scientific Research in the Indian Ocean Region." In Indian Ocean Region, 129–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5989-8_6.

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Roxy, M. K., C. Gnanaseelan, Anant Parekh, Jasti S. Chowdary, Shikha Singh, Aditi Modi, Rashmi Kakatkar, et al. "Indian Ocean Warming." In Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region, 191–206. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4327-2_10.

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Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean heat content (OHC, upper 700 m) in the tropical Indian Ocean underwent rapid warming during 1950–2015, with the SSTs showing an average warming of about 1 °C. The SST and OHC trends are very likely to continue in the future, under different emission scenarios. Climate models project a rise in tropical Indian Ocean SST by 1.2–1.6 °C and 1.6–2.7 °C in the near (2040–2069) and far (2070–2099) future across greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, relative to the reference period of 1976–2005. Indian Ocean warming has very likely resulted in decreasing trend in oxygen (O2) concentrations in the tropical Indian Ocean, and declining trends in pH and marine phytoplankton over the western Indian Ocean. The observed trends in O2, pH and marine phytoplankton are projected to increase in the future with continued GHG emissions.
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Baliarsingh, Sanjiba K., Alakes Samanta, Aneesh A. Lotliker, Prakash C. Mohanty, R. S. Mahendra, and T. M. Balakrishnan Nair. "Satellite-Based Marine Ecological Services for the Indian Ocean Region." In Social and Economic Impact of Earth Sciences, 229–51. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6929-4_12.

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Babonneau, Nathalie, Nicolas Villeneuve, Aude Mazuel, and Patrick Bachèlery. "Erosion and Volcaniclastic Sedimentation at Piton de la Fournaise: From Source to Deep Marine Environment." In Active Volcanoes of the Southwest Indian Ocean, 71–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31395-0_6.

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Modigh, M., S. Castaldo, M. Saggiomo, and I. Santarpia. "Distribution of tintinnid species from 42° N to 43° S through the Indian Ocean." In Migrations and Dispersal of Marine Organisms, 251–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2276-6_26.

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Balakrishnan Nair, T. M., K. Srinivas, M. Nagarajakumar, R. Harikumar, Kumar Nimit, P. G. Remya, P. A. Francis, and K. G. Sandhya. "Advances in Ocean State Forecasting and Marine Fishery Advisory Services for the Indian Ocean Region." In Social and Economic Impact of Earth Sciences, 201–27. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6929-4_11.

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Lindwall, Dennis A., Mrinal K. Sen, and Joseph F. Gettrust. "Detection of High Shear Wave Velocities in Marine Sediment by Inversion with Simulated Annealing." In Full Field Inversion Methods in Ocean and Seismo-Acoustics, 383–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8476-0_62.

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Ostroff, Samuel. "Can the Oyster Speak? Pearling Empires and the Marine Environments of South India and Sri Lanka, c. 1600–1900." In Animal Trade Histories in the Indian Ocean World, 65–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42595-1_3.

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Ong, David M. "Implications of the Chagos Marine Protected Area Arbitral Tribunal Award for the Balance Between Natural Environmental Protection and Traditional Maritime Freedoms." In Fifty Years of the British Indian Ocean Territory, 263–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78541-7_11.

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Gauvin-Bialecki, A., M. Aknin, Y. Kashman, E. Gros, A. Al-Mourabit, P. E. Campos, M. E. Remanevy, and B. Illien. "Bioactive Molecules of Marine Invertebrates from South-West Indian Ocean: Status and Perspectives." In Crystallizing Ideas – The Role of Chemistry, 23–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31759-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Indian Ocean marine sediment"

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Keefe, Douglas J., and Joseph Kozak. "Tidal Energy in Nova Scotia, Canada: The Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Perspective." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49246.

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Ocean energy developments are appearing around the world including Scotland, Ireland, Wales, England, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, Norway, France Portugal, Spain, India, the United States, Canada and others. North America’s first tidal energy demonstration facility is in the Minas Passage of the Bay of Fundy, near Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) is a non-profit institute that owns and operates the facility that offers developers, regulators, scientists and academics the opportunity to study the performance and interaction of instream tidal energy converters (usually referred to as TISECs but called “turbines” in this paper.) with one of the world’s most aggressive tidal regimes. FORCE provides a shared observation facility, submarine cables, grid connection, and environmental monitoring at its pre-approved test site. The site is well suited to testing, with water depths up to 45 meters at low tide, a sediment -free bedrock sea floor, straight flowing currents, and water speeds up to 5 meters per second (approximately 10 knots). FORCE will install 10.896km of double armored, 34.5kV submarine cable — one for each of its four berths. Electricity from the berths will be conditioned at FORCE’s own substation and delivered to the Provincial power grid by a 10 km overhead transmission line. There are four berth holders at present: Alstom Hydro Canada using Clean Current Power Systems Technology (Canada); Minas Basin Pulp and Power Co. Ltd. with technology partner Marine Current Turbines (UK); Nova Scotia Power Inc. with technology partner OpenHydro (Ireland) and Atlantis Resources Corporation, in partnership with Lockheed Martin and Irving Shipbuilding. In November 2009, NSPI with technology partner OpenHydro deployed the first commercial scale turbine at the FORCE site. The 1MW rated turbine was secured by a 400-tonne subsea gravity base fabricated in Nova Scotia. The intent of this paper is to provide an overview of FORCE to the international marine energy community during OMAE 2011 taking place in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Wu, Po-Chang, Chih-Feng Chen, and Cheng-Di Dong. "Remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)-contaminated marine sediment with surfactants." In 2016 Techno-Ocean (Techno-Ocean). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/techno-ocean.2016.7890694.

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Y., Ahmad, Y. Nakamura, T. Miyatuji, Y. Hagino, T. Kobayashi, Y. Shigeoka, and T. Inoue. "Remediation of Coastal Marine Sediment using Iron." In Special Session on Observations and Numerical Modeling of the Coastal Ocean Zone Dynamics. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007756303350339.

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"Variability of sea surface temperature differences between western Pacific Ocean and eastern Indian Ocean related to ENSO events." In Proceeding of Marine Safety and Maritime Installation. Clausius Scientific Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/msmi.2018.82619.

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Virsta, Ana. "HYDRAULIC FRICTION COEFFICIENT OF STREAMS DUE TO SEDIMENT TRANSPORT." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b31/s12.047.

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Khan, Rizwan A., and Suhail Ahmad. "Fatigue Reliability Assessment of Marine Risers in Deep Offshore Fields in Indian Ocean." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24680.

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Depleting oil reserves in shallow water are opening the avenues of new ventures in deep sea conditions. India is no exception; deep sea explorations are highly recommended and exercised. As part of the design process, there are requirements of structural strength based on criteria referring to failure modes, such as rupture by over loading, fatigue failures, buckling or an unstable fracture. 3D Nonlinear dynamic analysis of riser is obtained in the time domain using finite element solver ABAQUS/Aqua. The response histories so obtained are employed for the study of fatigue reliability analysis of riser. It is based on a bi-linear relationship to model fatigue crack growth and incorporates a failure criterion to describe the interaction between fracture and plastic collapse. Uncertainty modeling, especially on fatigue crack growth parameters, is undertaken with the aid of recently published data in support of the bi-linear crack growth relationship. Results pertaining to fatigue reliability and fatigue crack size evolution are presented using Monte Carlo Simulation. The bi-linear S-N curve and crack growth models are found to lead to higher fatigue life estimation. Sensitivity behavior pertinent to limit state adopted has been thoroughly investigated. These findings implicate inspection schemes for components of the marine structures to ensure minimization of the surprises due to wide scatter of the fatigue phenomenon in marine environment.
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R, Venkatesan, Ramanamurthy M V, Latha G, Ramasundaram S, Martin V. Mathew, Keerthivasan R, Janakiram Reddy, and Janani R. "Marine plastic studies in the Mid-water column of the North Indian Ocean." In OCEANS 2022 - Chennai. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanschennai45887.2022.9775410.

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Morton, Robert A., James R. Goff, and Scott L. Nichol. "Impacts of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on the Southwest Coasts of Sri Lanka." In Sixth International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Process. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)82.

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Beemer, Ryan D., Alexandre N. Bandini-Maeder, Jeremy Shaw, Ulysse Lebrec, and Mark J. Cassidy. "The Granular Structure of Two Marine Carbonate Sediments." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77087.

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Calcareous sediments are prominent throughout the low-latitudinal offshore environment and have been known to be problematic for offshore foundation systems. These fascinating soils consist largely of the skeletal remains of single-celled marine organisms (plankton and zooplankton) and can be as geologically complex as their onshore siliceous counter parts. To enable an adequate understanding of their characteristics, in particular, their intra-granular micro-structure, it is important that geotechnical engineers do not forget about the multifaceted biological origins of these calcareous sediments and the different geological processes that created them. In this paper, the 3D models of soils grains generated from micro-computed tomography scans, scanning electeron microscope images, and optical microscope images of two calcareous sediments from two different depositional environments are presented and their geotechnical implications discussed. One is a coastal bioclastic sediment from Perth, Western Australia that is geologically similar to carbonate sediments typically used in micro-mechanics and particle crushing studies in the literature. The other is a hemipelagic sediment from a region of the North West Shelf of Australia that has historically been geotechnically problematic for engineers. The results show there is a marked difference between coastal bioclastic and hemipelagic sediments in terms of geological context and the associated particle micro-structures. This brings into question whether a coastal bioclastic calcareous sediment is a good micro-mechanical substitute for a hemipelagic one.
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Jury, M. R. "Tropical Atlantic and Indian Ocean influences on the terrestrial and marine resources of Africa." In Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2003.178467.

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Reports on the topic "Indian Ocean marine sediment"

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Melville, W. K. Ship-Based UAV Measurements of Air-Sea Interaction in Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Processes in the Equatorial Indian Ocean. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598312.

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Lenz, Mark. RV POSEIDON Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report POS536/Leg 1. GEOMAR, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/geomar_rep_ns_56_2020.

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DIPLANOAGAP: Distribution of Plastics in the North Atlantic Garbage Patch Ponta Delgada (Portugal) – Malaga (Spain) 17.08. – 12.09.2019 The expedition POS 536 is part of a multi-disciplinary research initiative of GEOMAR investigating the origin, transport and fate of plastic debris from estuaries to the oceanic garbage patches. The main focus will be on the vertical transfer of plastic debris from the surface and near-surface waters to the deep sea and on the processes that mediate this transport. The obtained data will help to develop quantitative models that provide information about the level of plastic pollution in the different compartments of the open ocean (surface, water column, seafloor). Furthermore, the effects of plastic debris on marine organisms in the open ocean will be assessed. The cruise will provide data about the: (1) abundance of plastic debris with a minimum size of 100 μm as well as the composition of polymer types in the water column at different depths from the sea surface to the seafloor including the sediment, (2) abundance and composition of plastic debris in organic aggregates (“marine snow”), (3) in pelagic and benthic organisms (invertebrates and fish) and in fecal pellets, (4) abundance and the identity of biofoulers (bacteria, protozoans and metazoans) on the surface of plastic debris from different water depths, (5) identification of chemical compounds (“additives”) in the plastic debris and in water samples.
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Mueller, C., S. J. Piercey, M. G. Babechuk, and D. Copeland. Stratigraphy and lithogeochemistry of the Goldenville horizon and associated rocks, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328990.

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The Goldenville horizon in the Baie Verte Peninsula is an important stratigraphic horizon that hosts primary (Cambrian to Ordovician) exhalative magnetite and pyrite and was a chemical trap for younger (Silurian to Devonian) orogenic gold mineralization. The horizon is overlain by basaltic flows and volcaniclastic rocks, is intercalated with variably coloured argillites and cherts, and underlain by mafic volcaniclastic rocks; the entire stratigraphy is cut by younger fine-grained mafic dykes and coarser gabbro. Lithogeochemical signatures of the Goldenville horizon allow it to be divided into high-Fe iron formation (HIF; &amp;gt;50% Fe2O3), low-Fe iron formation (LIF; 15-50% Fe2O3), and argillite with iron minerals (AIF; &amp;lt;15% Fe2O3). These variably Fe-rich rocks have Fe-Ti-Mn-Al systematics consistent with element derivation from varying mineral contributions from hydrothermal venting and ambient detrital sedimentation. Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized rare earth element (REE) signatures for the HIF samples have negative Ce anomalies and patterns similar to modern hydrothermal sediment deposited under oxygenated ocean conditions. The PAAS-normalized REE signatures of LIF samples have positive Ce anomalies, similar to hydrothermal sediment deposited under anoxic to sub-oxic conditions. The paradoxical Ce behaviour is potentially explained by the Mn geochemistry of the LIF samples. The LIF have elevated MnO contents (2.0-7.5 weight %), suggesting that Mn from hydrothermal fluids was oxidized in an oxygenated water column during hydrothermal venting, Mn-oxides then scavenged Ce from seawater, and these Mn-oxides were subsequently deposited in the hydrothermal sediment. The Mn-rich LIF samples with positive Ce anomalies are intercalated with HIF with negative Ce anomalies, both regionally and on a metre scale within drill holes. Thus, the LIF positive Ce anomaly signature may record extended and particle-specific scavenging rather than sub-oxic/redox-stratified marine conditions. Collectively, results suggest that the Cambro-Ordovician Taconic seaway along the Laurentian margin may have been completely or near-completely oxygenated at the time of Goldenville horizon deposition.
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Hudgens, Bian, Jene Michaud, Megan Ross, Pamela Scheffler, Anne Brasher, Megan Donahue, Alan Friedlander, et al. Natural resource condition assessment: Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293943.

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Natural Resource Condition Assessments (NRCAs) evaluate current conditions of natural resources and resource indicators in national park units (parks). NRCAs are meant to complement—not replace—traditional issue- and threat-based resource assessments. NRCAs employ a multi-disciplinary, hierarchical framework within which reference conditions for natural resource indicators are developed for comparison against current conditions. NRCAs do not set management targets for study indicators, and reference conditions are not necessarily ideal or target conditions. The goal of a NRCA is to deliver science-based information that will assist park managers in their efforts to describe and quantify a park’s desired resource conditions and management targets, and inform management practices related to natural resource stewardship. The resources and indicators emphasized in a given NRCA depend on the park’s resource setting, status of resource stewardship planning and science in identifying high-priority indicators, and availability of data and expertise to assess current conditions for a variety of potential study resources and indicators. Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park (hereafter Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP) encompasses 1.7 km2 (0.7 mi2) at the base of the Mauna Loa Volcano on the Kona coast of the island of Hawaiʻi. The Kona coast of Hawaiʻi Island is characterized by calm winds that increase in the late morning to evening hours, especially in the summer when there is also a high frequency of late afternoon or early evening showers. The climate is mild, with mean high temperature of 26.2° C (79.2° F) and a mean low temperature of 16.6° C (61.9° F) and receiving on average 66 cm (26 in) of rainfall per year. The Kona coast is the only region in Hawaiʻi where more precipitation falls in the summer than in the winter. There is limited surface water runoff or stream development at Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP due to the relatively recent lava flows (less than 1,500 years old) overlaying much of the park. Kiʻilae Stream is the only watercourse within the park. Kiʻilae Stream is ephemeral, with occasional flows and a poorly characterized channel within the park. A stream gauge was located uphill from the park, but no measurements have been taken since 1982. Floods in Kiʻilae Stream do occur, resulting in transport of fluvial sediment to the ocean, but there are no data documenting this phenomenon. There are a small number of naturally occurring anchialine pools occupying cracks and small depressions in the lava flows, including the Royal Fishponds; an anchialine pool modified for the purpose of holding fish. Although the park’s legal boundaries end at the high tide mark, the sense of place, story, and visitor experience would be completely different without the marine waters adjacent to the park. Six resource elements were chosen for evaluation: air and night sky, water-related processes, terrestrial vegetation, vertebrates, anchialine pools, and marine resources. Resource conditions were determined through reviewing existing literature, meta-analysis, and where appropriate, analysis of unpublished short- and long-term datasets. However, in a number of cases, data were unavailable or insufficient to either establish a quantitative reference condition or conduct a formal statistical comparison of the status of a resource within the park to a quantitative reference condition. In those cases, data gaps are noted, and comparisons were made based on qualitative descriptions. Overall, the condition of natural resources within Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP reflects the surrounding landscape. The coastal lands immediately surrounding Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP are zoned for conservation, while adjacent lands away from the coast are agricultural. The condition of most natural resources at Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP reflect the overall condition of ecological communities on the west Hawai‘i coast. Although little of the park’s vegetation...
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