Academic literature on the topic 'Indian mansoon'

Between 1805 and 1836, the wealthy dowager ruler Begum Samrū built two large mansions and a Catholic church in North India. In both the makeup of her court and the character of her architecture, the begum's choices reflected her cosmopolitanism. The bishop of her church was from Rome, her closest political allies were English, and her main advisers were Indian. Her architecture, similarly, combined neoclassical façades and Italianate porticoes with Islamic detailing such as muqarnas and Mughal pietra dura; Indian elements such as hammams (bathhouses) sat alongside European-style salons. In Cosmopolitan Crossings: The Architecture of Begum Samrū, Mrinalini Rajagopalan analyzes the begum's architecture as a form of strategic cosmopolitanism—a kind of sociopolitical cunning that allowed Begum Samrū to reimagine the dichotomies between masculine and feminine spaces, domestic and political realms, and European and Indian decor while combining local religiosity with global networks of piety. Indeed, architecture was a key mechanism through which the begum consolidated power in the fraught political climate of nineteenth-century India.

The Indian System of medicines has played an important role in our country in providing medical care since antiquity. India is a country with a strong attachment to the using of traditional or folk medicine. The main aim of this work was to collect the information on treating swine flu infection by Lehsunbel (Mansoa alliacea) decoction, infusion and tincture.The new informations are based on the detailed oral interviews held with Vaidhyas, Hakims and elderly village people, who have knowledge of medicinal uses of plants and mostly use them in treating ailments.

India is uniquely positioned with regard to schistosomes and schistosomiasis—discovering seven new mammalian species with the existence of three more schistosome species:Orientobilharzia turkestanicum, O. harinasutai, and Schistosoma haematobium(?). An endemic focus of urinary schistosomiasis was reported from Gimvi village of Ratnagiri, Maharashtra with infrequent occurrence of schistosome eggs in human stools. Cercarial dermatitis has been reported to be more abundant in rural population using ponds, tanks, and so forth, for their domestic purposes. Few dermatitis cases were tested positive by CHR. Schistosome antigen was also detected in urine of five cases suggesting existence of active schistosomiasis in India. Nevertheless, human kind does not appear to be the usual host for Indian schistosomes in contrast toS. haematobium, S. mansoni,orS. japonicum. Various reasons for this phenomenon are discussed including evolution of Indian schistosomes, immune mechanisms, and environmental conditions. These and other aspects such as seasonal effect on the prevalence, snail infectivity, heterologous mating, existence of hybrids, and number of schistosomes in heterologous infections need further investigations with application of molecular techniques. Joint efforts by the national as well as international scientific community would be much more rewarding for better understanding of the parasite and the infection.

Through the lens of cultural memory, this article explores the relationships between the representation of cultural memory and the construction of ethnic cultural identity in Toni Morrison’s A Mercy. I argue that in the novel, Morrison highlights and manipulates three media of cultural memory: the architecture, the inscription, and the body, to interrogate and challenge the validity of numerous historical monuments and museums in America that are eviscerated of their complicity and function as tools in the atrocity of instituting slavery. To externalize his values, White colonizer Jacob builds a superfluous mansion, which, with the slave trade involved, actually serves as a profane monument to the slavery culture. To highlight the invalidity of the White cultural memory, Morrison crafts Florens who inscribes in the mansion the collective traumatic memory of the African female slaves, deforming the secular memorial from within. In the same fashion, culturally traumatized, Native American Lina adulterates the White culture by insinuating into it the Indigenous Indian cultural fragments and by performing the remolded Indigenous Indian culture, she sediments it into her body. By historicizing the issue of cultural memory in A Mercy, Morrison invites the reader to reconsider what makes a true American cultural memory.

SUMMARYTotal DNAs, isolated from a range of taeniid cestodes (Taenia solium, T. saginata, T. pisiformis, T. crassiceps, T. hydatigena, T. ovis, T. multiceps and T. taeniaeformis), have been subjected to restriction enzyme digestion, Southern transfer and hybridization analysis using cloned fragments of the ribosomal RNA gene of Schistosoma mansoni. Substantial inter-specific genetic differences have been revealed on the basis of characteristic hybridization patterns for each of the taeniid cestode species. Furthermore, a random genomic DNA library has been constructed in the vector plasmid pAT153 using DNA extracted from a pig isolate (Indian origin) of T. solium. A panel of taeniid cestode DNAs including DNA from Echinococcus granulosus, has been used in conjunction with hybridization and restriction enzyme analysis to identify in the library a single recombinant plasmid with a T. solium-specific insert (coded pTS10) and two recombinant plasmids with T. solium inserts having selective specificities for T. solium and T. ovis (coded pTS17) and T. solium, T. saginata, T. ovis and T. multiceps (coded pTS28). These recombinant plasmids and the cloned fragments of the ribosomal RNA gene of S. mansoni have been used in restriction endonuclease, Southern transfer and hybridization analysis to detect intra-specific genetic variation in cysticerci of T. solium from India, Mexico and Zimbabwe. In addition, pTS10 and pTS17 have been used in a simple dot-blot assay to distinguish T. solium from T. saginata.

The research is an endeavour to pay tribute to a legend “Dyal Singh Majithia” and an effort to safeguard his legacy of the crown rule in sub-continent. Dyal Singh was entitled as a proud son of Punjab due to his contributions to introduce modern education. He bequeathed assets of worth around 30 lack Indian rupees in charity to establish various institutes through a trust. Under the umbrella of this trust, Dyal Singh College, library, a hall and a mansion was constructed in Lahore. Selected case study, Dyal Singh Mansion is a master piece of colonial era and remarkable example of Indo-Saracenic architecture in the historic urban fabric of the Mall Road, Lahore during 20th century. Apart from façade, rest of the faces is in a crumbling state and illegally encroached by residents and vehicular repair workshops. Data has been collected by using desk-based studies, from relevant departments. Visual surveys have been conducted to identify causes of decay. In the conclusion, we have to formulate a policy to conserve this heritage being part of Mall road and legacy of British period Sikh heritage during colonial period.

AS SUSAN L. MEYER SUGGESTS, “[a]n interpretation of the significance of the British empire in Jane Eyre must begin by making sense of Bertha Mason Rochester, the mad, drunken West Indian wife whom Rochester keeps locked up on the third floor of his ancestral mansion” (252). In Richard Mason’s deposition concerning the marriage of Edward Fairfax Rochester and Bertha Antoinetta Mason in Spanish Town, Jamaica, Bertha is described as the child of Jonas Mason, West India planter and merchant, and Antoinetta Mason, identified only as a Creole. In Rochester’s account of Bertha’s family the “germs of insanity” are passed on by the Creole mother (334; ch. 27). In this essay I retraverse late eighteenth- to mid-nineteenth-century ethnographic discourses about white Creole degeneracy and situate Brontë’s representations of the Creoleness of Bertha and Richard Mason in relation to them, arguing that Jane Eyre demarcates both femininity and masculinity in imperial and racial terms, while also blurring these categories. Brontë, I demonstrate, links the degenerate moral and intellectual character of the white Creole with the cruelties of the slave-labour system in Jamaica, and with historical Jamaican slave rebellions figured through metaphor and allusion. This depiction suggests that Brontë has carefully historicized the relationships among Bertha Mason Rochester, Edward Fairfax Rochester, and Jane Eyre.

The Hsiu-yao Ching ( HYC) is a Chinese text on Indian astrology composed in the middle of the eighth century. Its full title can be rendered as 'Good and bad time and day and beneficient and maleficient mansions and planets promulgated by Bodhisattva-Mañjuśrī and other sages'. As the title shows the book is ascribed to the legendary Mañjuśrī and other sages, but the actual author is the Buddhist monk Amoghavajra (A.0.705-774) whose native place was somewhere in north India. His Chinese name Pu-k'ung Ching-kang is a literal translation of the Sanskrit name. Like most of the texts on Buddhist astrology and astronomy, HYC is contained in Vol.21 of the Taisho Tripitaka compiled by the Japanese Buddhist scholars during the Taisho Period (1912-1926). From many corruptions in the texts it seems that the compilers were not much interested in Buddhist astrology and astronomy in general, and that they did not try to secure better manuscripts either. Specifically in the case of HYC they simply based their edition on the text of the Korean Tripitaka and put in the footnotes the variant readings found in the Chinese Tripitaka of the Ming Dynasty.

Six species of Tenuipalpidae are reported for the first time from India among the seventeen species from South Bengal in the current collection. Among them, three species belong to the genus Brevipalpus, B. melichrus Pritchard and Baker, B.mitrofanovi (Pegazzano) and B. turrialbensis Manson; one species of the genus Cenopalpus, C. picitilis Chaudhri; and the remaining two species belong to the genus Tenuipalpus, T. crassulus Baker and Tuttle and T. leipoldti Meyer.

Archaeological investigations rarely focus on streets and street related features. This thesis adds to the literature on this topic by discussing the archaeological excavation of the James F.D. Lanier State Historic Site. The excavation explored the integrity of First Street and its related components. Phosphate testing was also utilized to aid the identification of early street surfaces. The excavation revealed massive disturbance of the street due to landscaping activities. Possible street surfaces as well as intact features such as a section of concrete, streetside rain gutter, brick sidewalk, and fence base stones revealed that not all was destroyed.
Department of Anthropology

O mercado internacional de biocombustíveis tem se expandido muito rapidamente devido às questões e preocupações ambientais, econômicas e geopolíticas. O negócio de biocombustíveis pode oferecer oportunidades para os países em desenvolvimento de modo que eles possam produzir o seu próprio combustível de transporte, reduzir os seus gastos energéticos, criar novos empregos para suas economias rurais e por último desenvolver os seus mercados externos. Atualmente já existem muitas fontes de biocombustíveis sendo exploradas/utilizadas. Mas o interesse pelas culturas energéticas não-alimentares tem crescido bastante e dentro destas a Jatropha curcas tem sido realçada como uma possível fonte de biodiesel por causa das suas características de crescer em terras pobres, degradadas sobre condições extremas, de requerer pouca umidade e resultar em colheitas produtivas. Devido ao fato da J. curcas ser bem adaptável a condição árida e semi-aridas de muitos paises em desenvolvimento, e diante do promissor mercado internacional de biocombustivel, vários paises Africanos e Asiáticos tem aproveitado oportunidades do comercio de biodiesel através da exploração dos benefícios da produção e comercio da Jatropha em larga escala. Embora ela já tenha sido amplamente cultivada como cerca viva, pouco se sabe sobre seus aspectos agronômicos para a produção de biocombustivel. Acrescentando, muitas das espécies da Jatropha são conhecidas como altamente plantas tóxicas e o seu cultivo pode ser a causa de muitas preocupações em relação à segurança alimentar e saúde publica. Este estudo pretendeu analisar os desafios e as oportunidades do cultivo da Jatropha em larga escala em paises em desenvolvidos para produção de biodiesel orientada para exportação, respondendo assim as seguintes perguntas: como o biodiesel da Jatropha produzido em paises em desenvolvimento pode ser aceite pelo potencial mercado internacional e se existe qualquer preocupação quanto a sua produção em larga extensão. Aplicou-se o referencial teórico da Strategic Niche Management (SNM) para analisar as experiências sócio-tecnologicas da produção de biodiesel na Índia, sendo esta escolhida como estudo de caso devido ao fato de ela ser atualmente a líder mundial no cultivo da Jatropha em escala industrial. Os projetos Indianos avaliados/analisados foram selecionados de base de dados eletrônica on-line e através de relatórios de pesquisa publicados. Eles foram descritos e analisados de acordo com os processos de criação de nicho quanto a praticas agronômicas para avaliar o estado atual do cultivo da Jatropha dentro da sua cadeia produtiva. Constatou-se que as espécies da Jatropha oferecem oportunidades reais para os prospectivos paises exportadores de biocombustiveis. Mas antes de se engrenar na produção da Jatropha em larga escala, experiências plausíveis tem de ser realizadas com a participação de todos agentes interessados. Eles devem estar envolvidos na formação de rede de agentes, nos processos de aprendizagem através de tentativas e erro, e especialmente as suas expectativas devem ser construídas/baseadas em cima de dados realmente científicos e não em previsões/projeções meramente comerciais. Alem disso, deve-se considerar que o acesso aos mercados desenvolvidos esta crescentemente dependente de sistemas de certificações que levam em conta certas condições especificas sociais e ambientais da produção agrícola na qual todos os paises produtores de biocombustiveis deverão cumprir.
The international biofuel market has been expanding rapidly due to environmental, economic and geopolitical concerns and issues. The biofuel business can offer opportunities for developing countries to produce their own domestic transportation fuels, cut their energy costs, create new jobs in their rural economies, and ultimately build their export markets. There are many biofuel feedstocks being exploited. The interest on non-food energy crops is increasing, and among these Jatropha curcas has been highlighted as a possible source of biodiesel due to its characteristics of growing on barren, eroded lands under harsh climatic conditions, demanding low moisture and in resulting productive harvests. Because J. curcas is well adapted to the arid land and semi-arid conditions of many developing countries, and in face of the promising international biofuel market, several African and Asian countries are seizing biodiesel trade opportunities through exploitation of the benefits of large-scale production and trade of Jatropha. Though it has been widely cultivated in the tropics as a living fence, little is known about the agronomics of this crop for biofuel production. In addition, many Jatropha species are known as highly toxic plants and its cultivation might be a cause of some concerns, regarding food safety and public health. This study is aimed at analyzing the challenges and opportunities of large-scale Jatropha cultivation in developing countries for biodiesel export by addressing the questions how can Jatropha biodiesel be accepted by the potential international market and whether there should be any concerns about cultivating it in large extension. The Strategic Niche Management (SNM) framework was applied to analyze sociotechnological experiments of Jatropha biodiesel production in India, as a case study because this country is currently the world leader in when it comes to cultivate Jatropha on industrial scale. The analyzed Indian projects were selected from on-line electronic data basis and from published research reports. They were described and analyzed according to the niche creation process in relation to agronomic practices to assess the current state of Jatropha cultivation in its production chain. It was found out that Jatropha species offer real opportunities for prospective biofuel-export countries. However, before engaging into large-scale cultivation of Jatropha in developing countries considerable experiments ought to be made with the participation of all stakeholders. They ought to be involved in actor network, learning process trough trial and error, and especially, their expectations should be built on real scientific data and not merely on commercial forecasts. Furthermore, it is to be considered that the access to developed markets is increasingly dependent upon certification systems which take into account certain specific environmental and social, agricultural production conditions which all the biofuel producing countries would be required to fulfil.

Sélectionner des traitements de surface pour l’industrie nécessite de prendre en compte :les propriétés à conférer au substrat, la nature et la géométrie de celui-ci et les caractéristiques du milieu extérieur. Certaines combinaisons de ces paramètres rendent difficile la sélection d’un traitement unique, d’où le recours à des multitraitements de surface. Dès lors, se posent les questions suivantes :

- Utiliser des multitraitements de surface peut se faire en scindant les différentes requêtes en sous-ensembles, de manière à ce que chaque traitement réponde à l’un d’eux. Dans quel ordre ces requêtes doivent-elles être introduites par rapport au substrat ?

- Comment sélectionner les traitements de surface répondant à chaque requête individuelle ?

- Comment classer des multitraitements en termes d’adéquation au problème posé ?

Dans ce travail, les première et troisième questions sont abordées, en explorant les requêtes concernant habituellement les dispositifs de moulage de l’aluminium :

- Résistance aux contraintes d’origine thermique.

- Résistance à la corrosion par les métaux fondus.

- Résistance au frottement.

L’analyse de la bibliographie relative aux traitements de surface utilisés dans ces systèmes a été analysée et des « architectures »-types ont été identifiées (chapitre 3). On prévoit, par exemple, un traitement conférant la résistance à la fatigue superficielle, ainsi qu’un revêtement étanche et résistant à l’aluminium fondu. Une barrière thermique est parfois préconisée.

Pour chacune des architectures, des traitements de surface individuels peuvent être sélectionnés. Un « facteur de performance » permettant de classer les solutions par rapport au problème de la fatigue thermique a été construit (chapitre 4) et discuté dans deux situations :

- Lorsqu’un revêtement est présent, et que les contraintes d’origine thermique (différence de dilatation thermique couche-substrat) menacent de le rompre lors de l’immersion dans un milieu corrosif à haute température. Des essais de corrosion dans de l’aluminium fondu ont été réalisés sur un acier revêtu par du nitrure de chrome dopé à l’aluminium, synthétisé par déposition physique en phase vapeur (chapitre 5 – collaboration :Inasmet).

- Lorsque des variations thermiques rapides menacent de rompre le substrat et la (les) couches. Des essais de fatigue thermique ont été réalisés sur de l’acier à outils pour travail à chaud non traité, boruré ou recouvert d’un multitraitements (zircone yttriée / NiCrAlY / boruration / acier). Le revêtement en zircone yttriée a été obtenu par projection par plasma. L’essai de fatigue thermique a été modélisé et le facteur de performance, discuté (chapitre 6).

Au chapitre 7, les architectures-types ont été introduites dans une méthodologie de sélection des multi-traitements de surface, qui a été appliquée dans deux cas :

- Celui des moules de fonderie, devant résister à la fatigue thermique et à la corrosion par l’aluminium fondu. Le facteur de performance a été extrapolé à d’autres situations qu’aux chapitres 5 et 6. Les solutions habituellement proposées pour résoudre ce problème sont retrouvées.

- Celui de deux pièces en acier frottant l’une contre l’autre en présence d’aluminium fondu.

To select surface treatments, one must account for the required functional properties, the substrate features and the solicitations the substrate must endure. Certain combinations of these parameters make it difficult to select a single surface treatment, a reason why several successive treatments are preferred. To select them, one needs to determine:

- How to divide the several requests into groups and how to stack up these groups from the substrate to the outer surface, so that each treatment deals with one specific group of requests/properties.

- How to select individual layers for each group of properties.

- How to rank the multi-treatments in terms of relevance for a given application.

In this work, one tries to answer the first and the third questions, by studying the case of aluminium foundry, in which the industrial devices frequently face the following solicitations:

- Thermal stress (thermal fatigue, thermal expansion mismatch).

- Presence of corrosive molten metal.

- Sliding wear.

In the literature, several “standard” architectures are proposed (chapter 3), like a diffusion layer reducing superficial fatigue plus a corrosion barrier layer. A thermal barrier coating is also sometimes proposed.

For each of these architectures, one can select individual treatments. To rank them, one devised a “performance index” for thermal stress (chap.4), which is discussed for two cases:

- For large differences between layer and substrate thermal expansion coefficients, when both are put into contact with a high temperature corrosive medium, the layer may be damaged. One discusses this case by examining the corrosion caused by molten aluminium for a steel substrate coated by anticorrosive chromium nitride doped with aluminium. The layer is produced by physical vapour deposition (chap. 5 – cooperation: Inasmet).

- Repeated fast surface temperature transients can also damage the substrate and/or the layer by thermal fatigue. One conducted thermal fatigue tests with samples of hot work tool steel, respectively untreated, simply borided and protected by a multilayer. In the last case, top coat is yttria stabilised zirconia, followed by a nickel superalloy and then a borided layer (undercoat). One synthesized the zirconia coating by plasma spray and one modelled the thermal fatigue (chap. 6).

In chap. 7, architectures from chap. 2 are introduced in a multi-treatment selection routine, which is applied in two cases:

- Foundry moulds for molten aluminium, withstanding both thermal fatigue and corrosion. The devised performance index is extrapolated beyond the tests of chap. 5 and 6 to treatments for this industrial application, thereby quantifying their respective merits.

- A foundry device exposed to molten metal and sliding wear.

Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Abstract The government of India Ministry of Finance says rich promoters of sick companies won’t be tolerated. But state-owned banks are to be blamed equally. Banking is a business and lenders take decisions which turn out to be wrong. This backing comes as loans worth lakhs of crores of rupees are turning bad or being restructured, leading to accusations of favouritism or of bankers conniving with promoters to siphon off funds. In the months/period to come, many rich businessmen could lose their mansions, private jets, yachts, luxury cars, artworks, and the diamonds adorning their wives’ fingers and earlobes. That’s because public opinion against ‘affluent promoters of sick companies’ has reached tipping point. And the Central bank (RBI) supported by the Securities and Exchange Board (SEBI) under the newly introduced Insolvency and bankruptcy clause have initiated stringent against the wilful defaulters of bank loans and advances. Hopefully this would put a break on the lavish and indifferent attitudes of their financial liabilities of many rich companies which starves the needy units of essential funds.

Complex stress strain response of a turbine rotor used in a gas turbine engine was studied. Simple and comprehensive approximation techniques developed by Muralidharan–Manson, Bäumel-Seeger (from data obtained from tension tests) and Roessle–Fatemi (from data obtained from hardness tests) were used to predict the fatigue constants of the rotor material. Multiaxial Fatigue damage models like von Mises equivalent strain model, Smith Watson Topper model, Fatemi–Socie Model, Kandil Brown and Miller model were used to predict the fatigue life of the rotor. Predictions were then compared with the life obtained from the same damage models using the experimental fatigue constants and the life obtained from Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) testing of the turbine rotor. Acceptable life predictions were obtained with SWT model and FS model using the fatigue constants obtained from the experiment as well as from the approximation techniques. von-Mises equivalent strain model failed to give reasonable life predictions with fatigue constants obtained from the experiment and approximation techniques. The life predicted by KBM model using fatigue constants obtained from approximation techniques (Bäumel-Seeger and Roessle-Fatemi) was found unsatisfactory. The approximation technique proposed by Muralidharan-Manson in combination with all the damage models fitted the failure data within a factor of 5. Finite Element tools were used to determine the stress/strain response of the component under the mutiaxial loading condition.

Life estimation of Directionally Solidified (DS) MARM-247 HPT gas turbine blade used in a turbofan engine of a supersonic aircraft is presented. These blades were drafted into the engine as a replacement for the polycrystal (NIMONIC) blades since a more efficient, reliable and durable material with high strength and temperature resistance was required to further enhance the life of the turbine blade and the efficiency of the power generation process. The supersonic aircraft is having a repeated mission cycle of a fast acceleration from idle, a 1hr cruise at Mach 1.5 and a fast deceleration to idle. The mission cycle which is a repetition of acceleration, cruise and deceleration cycles can produce wide variety of complex loading conditions which can result in HCF, LCF and creep damage of the turbine blade. Empirical equation of the universal slope developed by Manson was used to estimate the damage component due to LCF. The cumulative stresses and strains due to creep as a function of time was determined using Time hardening rule. Creep data for MARM-247 was correlated using LMP to predict the lives to 1% of creep strain at worst possible combination of temperature and stress value. Damage due to creep per mission cycle was determined using Life fraction Rule proposed by Robinson and Taira. The vibration characteristics of the turbine blade were predicted using Modal analysis. Campbell diagram was plotted to ascertain whether any nozzle passing frequency fall within the working range of the blade. Harmonic analysis was carried out to evaluate the magnitude of the alternating stresses resulting from the blade vibrations at resonance during the acceleration and deceleration cycle. HCF life of the turbine blade was assessed using Goodman diagram. The total damage of the turbine blade per mission cycle due to the above loading was assumed as the combination of the individual damage due to fatigue and creep. Time to failure under combined creep and fatigue damage was estimated using linear damage rule. Non linear features of FEA tool ANSYS12.0 was exploited to calculate the stress distribution, creep, plastic and the total strain encountered by the turbine blade as a function of mission cycle time. The loading spectrum associated with the mission cycle which includes the temperature, gas pressure and the speed profiles were obtained from a sophisticated engine ground test facility which was configured to simulate actual engine operating conditions. The proposed method of cyclic life estimation using FEM was validated by performing various component and engine level tests. A good agreement was observed between the calculated and observed blade lives.

Introdução: A artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença autoimune de caráter inflamatório e crônico caracterizada por uma sinovite crônica e simétrica, que leva a erosão do osso e cartilagem. Objetivo: Relacionar a resposta inflamatória de AR e a influência das parasitoses intestinais. Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica de artigos disponibilizados nas plataformas Scielo, Pubmed e Scientific Research Publising, nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, datados entre 2008 a 2019, com os seguintes descritores: artrite reumatoide parasitoses intestinais, enteroparasitoses pacientes com AR, influência das parasitoses intestinais em pacientes com AR. Resultados: A membrana sinovial é considerada o tecido no qual se inicia e se mantém o processo inflamatório na AR. Atualmente, a causa de AR é a desregulação da produção de interleucina (IL)‐ 17, responsável pela ativação das células T e B, bem como dos macrófagos, que liberam citocinas como IL‐ 1 , IL‐ 6 e fator de necrose tumoral (TNF‐ α). Estudos indicam que helmintos podem modular a resposta imune proporcionando um ambiente anti-inflamatório que ajude sua sobrevivência no hospedeiro, anulando respostas imunes pró-inflamatórias, suprimem respostas dos linfócitos Th-1 e Th-17, além de estimular o desenvolvimento de respostas dos linfócitos Th-2, importantes nas doenças reumáticas autoimunes, como AR, pois a infecção de helmintos contribui para o alívio dos sintomas. Estudos indicam que Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, Ascaris suum, Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri e Hymenolepsis diminuta são parasitas que possuem efeito protetor no processo inflamatório são. Um estudo, o qual fez uso de administração de um extrato de Ascaris suum na artrite experimental induzida por colágeno e por zimosan em ratos e camundongos, assinalou melhoria clínica e estrutural nas duas tipologias, reduzindo a liberação de mediadores inflamatórios como o NO, IL-1 β e IL-10. O efeito benéfico ocorreu a nível funcional e estrutural, abrangendo hiperalgesia articular, redução de danos da cartilagem articular, prevenção da perda de glicosaminoglicanos e revogação da sinovite crônica com redução de macrófagos e linfócitos. Conclusão: A produção de um ambiente imunologicamente controlado como resultado da infecção por helmintos pode diminuir a severidade de uma doença reumática simultânea. Helmintos influenciam beneficamente na resposta inflamatória, podendo auxiliar no tratamento de doenças autoimunes como a AR.