Academic literature on the topic 'INDIAN MALARIAL VECTOR'
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Journal articles on the topic "INDIAN MALARIAL VECTOR"
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Rodrigues, Janneth, Neema Agrawal, Anil Sharma, Pawan Malhotra, Tridibes Adak, Virander S. Chauhan, and Raj K. Bhatnagar. "Transcriptional analysis of an immune-responsive serine protease from Indian malarial vector, Anopheles culicifacies." BMC Molecular Biology 8, no. 1 (2007): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2199-8-33.
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Thomas, Tina, Tanwee Das De, Punita Sharma, Suman Lata, Priyanka Saraswat, Kailash C. Pandey, and Rajnikant Dixit. "Hemocytome: deep sequencing analysis of mosquito blood cells in Indian malarial vector Anopheles stephensi." Gene 585, no. 2 (July 2016): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.031.
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Prasad, T. P. N. Hari, and N. J. Shetty. "Autosomal inheritance of alphamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, resistance in Anopheles stephensi – Liston, a malaria mosquito." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 5 (March 22, 2013): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485313000102.
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AbstractAnopheles stephensi – Liston (Culicidae: Diptera) is an important urban malarial vector in the Indian sub-continent, accounting for about 15% of the total annual malaria incidence. Chemical control represents a key strategy in the management of this insect vector. However, owing to erratic and continuous application of insecticides, resistance has become a common phenomenon among them and their control has become an uphill task. The genetics of alphamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid resistance was studied to determine its mode of inheritance. The late third instar larvae were selectively inbred for 27 and ten generations to synthesize homozygous resistant (R) and susceptible (S) stocks, respectively, to the diagnostic dose of 0.12 mg l−1. The log-dosage probit mortality relationships and degree of dominance (D) were calculated. Resistance was observed in both sexes, the dosage-mortality (d-m) line of F1 was towards the resistant parent and the ‘D’ value was found to be 0.8 indicating alphamethrin resistant (amr) gene to be autosomal and incompletely dominant. The d-m lines of F2/backcross exhibited a clear plateau of mortality across a range of doses indicating monogenic resistance. The null hypothesis for monogenic resistance was tested from mortality data of backcross progeny compared with theoretical expectations using the χ2 test and was found to be non-significant. Understanding genetics of insecticide resistance is significant in prediction and management of resistant insects. The amr genes can be used as genetic marker in A. stephensi, which can be used in several applications in conducting basic and applied genetic research.
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Mehta, Jitendra. "Climate Change Scenario in Indian Context." Emerging Trends in Climate Change 1, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2583-4770.108.
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The Indian economy is mostly agrarian-based and depends on the onset of the monsoon and its further behavior. The livelihood of people is mostly dependent on climate-sensitive natural resources like land, water and forests. The climate change impact on these natural resources affects agriculture, forests, water resources and human health. India is a vast country occupying 2.4% world's geographical area, sharing 16.2% of the global human population and 15% of the global livestock population. It is endowed with varied climates supporting rich biodiversity and highly diverse ecology. More than 60% of its population living in rural areas, where agriculture is the major concern rural economy that is the backbone of the Indian economy. The consistent impact of climate change may threaten livelihood activities, which are mostly based on agriculture providing food security. Climate change and global warming pose a significant threats to agriculture. Pest populations are strongly dependent upon temperature and humidity. It has been predicted that 10-40% losses in crop production in India with an increase in temperature 3 to 5ºC by the end of 21 century. The allied sectors of agriculture have also been affected adversely by climate change e.g., lowering production in dairy cattle, poultry and fishery. Changes in climate variables may alter the distribution of important vector species, especially malarial mosquitoes, and subsequently increase the spread of such diseases to new areas. The loss in net revenue at the farm level is estimated to range between 9% to 25% for a temperature rise of 2ºC to 3.5ºC. To minimize the adverse impact of climate change, adaptation comprises shifting the population living close to the sea side to escape the rising sea level or promote crops that can tolerate higher temperatures. To remedial measures taken to combat the adverse impact of climate change, mitigation comprises a reduction in the emissions of greenhouse gases. The government of India's expenditure on adaptation and mitigation to combating climate change impact shares 2.6% of the GDP, with agriculture, water resources, health and sanitation, forests, coastal-zone infrastructure and extreme weather events being specific areas of concern. This paper was attempted to review the climate change scenario with their present and future adaptation and mitigation efforts in India.
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Sarma, Devojit Kumar, Pradumnya Kishore Mohapatra, Dibya Ranjan Bhattacharyya, Savitha Chellappan, Balasubramani Karuppusamy, Keshab Barman, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, Aditya Prasad Dash, Anil Prakash, and Praveen Balabaskaran Nina. "Malaria in North-East India: Importance and Implications in the Era of Elimination." Microorganisms 7, no. 12 (December 10, 2019): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120673.
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Worldwide and in India, malaria elimination efforts are being ramped up to eradicate the disease by 2030. Malaria elimination efforts in North-East (NE) India will have a great bearing on the overall efforts to eradicate malaria in the rest of India. The first cases of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance were reported in NE India, and the source of these drug resistant parasites are most likely from South East Asia (SEA). NE India is the only land route through which the parasites from SEA can enter the Indian mainland. India’s malaria drug policy had to be constantly updated due to the emergence of drug resistant parasites in NE India. Malaria is highly endemic in many parts of NE India, and Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the majority of the cases. Highly efficient primary vectors and emerging secondary vectors complicate malaria elimination efforts in NE India. Many of the high transmission zones in NE India are tribal belts, and are difficult to access. The review details the malaria epidemiology in seven NE Indian states from 2008 to 2018. In addition, the origin and evolution of resistance to major anti-malarials are discussed. Furthermore, the bionomics of primary vectors and emergence of secondary malaria vectors, and possible strategies to prevent and control malaria in NE are outlined.
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Das De, Tanwee, Punita Sharma, Charu Rawal, Seena Kumari, Sanjay Tavetiya, Jyoti Yadav, Yasha Hasija, and Rajnikant Dixit. "Sex specific molecular responses of quick-to-court protein in Indian malarial vector Anopheles culicifacies : conflict of mating versus blood feeding behaviour." Heliyon 3, no. 7 (July 2017): e00361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00361.
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Saranya, Rajaram, Chandar Sahanaa, and Roselin Mohandass. "Malaria vaccine in India: need and choice." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 4776. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223246.
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Malaria is a major public health problem in India. India’s varied geography and diverse climatic conditions from tropical monsoon in the south to temperate in the north, favor the distribution of vectors and species of the malaria parasite. Malaria in India takes several forms, including forest/ tribal malaria, urban malaria, industrial malaria, and plains malaria. P. falciparum and P vivax species contribute to the majority of malarial cases and deaths in India.
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K, Affan. "Cost of Illness of Malaria in Coastal Karnataka, India." Journal of Communicable Diseases 53, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202122.
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Background: Malaria is one of the major health issues in developing and underdeveloped countries. It is considered to be one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality. This study intends to estimate the cost of illness of malaria at the household level and health service utilisation pattern for malaria treatment in coastal Karnataka. Materials and Methods: It was a secondary data-based cross-sectional study comprising people suffering from malaria during the period from September to December 2016. Result: The median gross total cost of illness (a single episode of malaria) was 4,000 INR, the median direct medical cost was zero, and the median direct non-medical cost was 100 INR. The majority of individuals (92.2%) took treatment from public healthcare sectors. Conclusion: The effective implementation of anti-malarial interventions by the District Health Authority, District Vector Borne Disease Control Office, and treatment from public health sectors resulted in negligible direct medical cost which made a remarkable reduction in the cost of illness of malaria.
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Chakrabarti, Rimi, Laura Chery-Karschney, John White, Anjali Mascarenhas, Kristen M. Skillman, Usheer Kanjee, Prasad H. Babar, et al. "Diverse Malaria Presentations across National Institutes of Health South Asia International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research Sites in India." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 107, no. 4_Suppl (October 11, 2022): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-1344.
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ABSTRACT. The Malaria Evolution in South Asia (MESA) International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research (ICEMR) was established by the US National Institutes of Health (US NIH) as one of 10 malaria research centers in endemic countries. In 10 years of hospital-based and field-based work in India, the MESA-ICEMR has documented the changing epidemiology and transmission of malaria in four different parts of India. Malaria Evolution in South Asia-ICEMR activities, in collaboration with Indian partners, are carried out in the broad thematic areas of malaria case surveillance, vector biology and transmission, antimalarial resistance, pathogenesis, and host response. The program integrates insights from surveillance and field studies with novel basic science studies. This is a two-pronged approach determining the biology behind the disease patterns seen in the field, and generating new relevant biological questions about malaria to be tested in the field. Malaria Evolution in South Asia-ICEMR activities inform local and international stakeholders on the current status of malaria transmission in select parts of South Asia including updates on regional vectors of transmission of local parasites. The community surveys and new laboratory tools help monitor ongoing efforts to control and eliminate malaria in key regions of South Asia including the state of evolving antimalarial resistance in different parts of India, new host biomarkers of recent infection, and molecular markers of pathogenesis from uncomplicated and severe malaria.
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Saha, Kalyan B., Priyamadhaba Behera, Hrishikesh Munshi, Bal K. Tiwari, Shiv K. Singh, Uma C. Saha, and Mrigendra P. Singh. "What affects utilization of malaria control services? A qualitative approach to understanding community perception in highly malarious Gadchiroli district, Maharashtra, India." Journal of Biosocial Science 51, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193201800038x.
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AbstractNational Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) data have shown that nearly half of all malaria deaths in India occur in tribal-dominated areas. The present study took a qualitative approach to understanding community perceptions and practices related to malarial infection and anti-malarial programmes. Twelve focus group discussions and 26 in-depth interviews of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) were conducted in nine villages in the district of Gadchiroli, Maharashtra state in India in June 2016. A total of 161 village residents (94 males and 67 females) participated in the focus group discussions and 26 health workers participated in the in-depth interviews. Data were analysed using the content analysis approach. The findings revealed widespread misconceptions about malaria among village residents, and low use of preventive measures and anti-malarial services. Ignorance and treatment by unqualified traditional healers delay effective treatment seeking. Furthermore, failure to maintain drug compliance adds to the gravity of the problem. The study identified the social and behavioural factors affecting treatment uptake and use of treatment facilities in the study area. These should help the development of the behavioural change communication arm of any control strategy for malaria through improving community participation, so improving preventive practices and optimizing utilization of anti-malarial services.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "INDIAN MALARIAL VECTOR"
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Dykes, C. L. "Mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Indian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3006097/.
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To understand the mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi, DDTand pyrethroid-resistant lines were selected in the laboratory. Selection process showed fixation of L1014S-kdr mutation in DDT- and pyrethroid resistant colonies. Similar fixation was recorded in unselected mosquitoes (control) as well, suggesting low fitness cost of L1014S in laboratory conditions. Synergistic assays using piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a mixed function oxidase and esterase inhibitor, led to reversal of resistance in pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes but no reversal in DDT resistant mosquitoes was recorded. Elevated GST activity in laboratory strains led us to characterize the DDT resistance implicated GST epsilon genes. Quantitative-PCR showed elevated expression of AsGSTe2 and AsGSTe4 in DDT-resistant mosquitoes in both laboratory selected DDT-resistant strain and field caught mosquitoes. These observations prompted further investigations to molecularly characterize these genes examining mutational changes and the possible roles of allelic variation. Cloning and sequencing of the full genes revealed polymorphism which resulted in four variants in AsGSTe2 and three variants in AsGSTe4. Of the four variants of AsGSTe2, two variants (AsGSTe2.1 and AsGSTe2.2) found in DDT-resistant individuals were expressed in vitro in E.coli. Recombinant expression and DDTase assays of AsGSTe2.1 and AsGSTe2.2 showed them to efficiently metabolise DDT. DDTase activity examined for recombinant AsGSTe4 (AsGSTe4.1 and AsGSTe4.2 and AsGSTe4.3) showed that they did not metabolise DDT. Enzyme thermostability tests showed AsGste2 variants to be highly unstable compared to the orthologues in An. gambiae, Aedes aegypti and its corresponding AsGSTe4 variants. Further examination into the GST epsilon array provided evidence of tandem coduplication of AsGSTe2 and AsGSTe4 together in the GST-epsilon array of the laboratory DDT-resistant colony.
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Samajpati, Shreejata. "Infectious Disease Risks in Developing Countries: A Non-Market Valuation Exercise." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5479.
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This dissertation focuses on the non-market valuation of health-risks of malaria, an infectious disease that imposes a substantive public health burden across the globe, hitting particularly hard the tropical developing nations of Africa and Asia. The United Nations Millennium Development Goals include malaria control as a priority and large investments are underway to promote effective prevention and treatment. Despite such concerted supply-side efforts, malaria-related mortality and morbidity still abound due to a complex interface of factors like climate-change, poverty, inadequate control behavior, infection and prevention externalities, parasite resistance etc. This research project digs into the demand-side of the health problem, considers the "externality" dimension to prevention, and primarily asks the question: how do individuals in developing countries view competing disease-control (prevention) measures, viz. a publicly-administered community-level malaria control measure as against private preventive choices. A theoretical model is developed to help explore the public-private interplay of health risks of malaria. The malaria-endemic regions of Kolkata (India) and its rural fringes comprise the site for an empirical investigation. A field survey (Malaria Risk and Prevention Survey, October-December, 2011) incorporating a mix of stated and revealed preference techniques of health valuation is implemented. Risk-perceptions of respondents are elicited using a measurable visual-aid and individuals' perceived valuations of health-risk reductions, randomly offered with the public and private health treatments, are empirically ascertained. Using a Likelihood Ratio Test on the structural risk parameters, it is seen that individuals' valuations of health risk reductions are the same across the private and public treatments. The comparative valuation exercise, thus, corroborates the externality dimension to malaria control, calling for greater public action to combat malaria. The viability of such a scaled-up public malaria program, in the context of Kolkata, is discussed by comparing the public treatment willingness to pay estimates with the annual estimated costs that the Kolkata Municipal Corporation, the civic body in the city of Kolkata, maintains on account of vector control. Results from the comparative valuation exercises also support the idea that private prevention is generally responsive to prevention costs, indicating the importance of price incentives to induce greater prevention. The issues of health valuation and price sensitivity are further explored across various split-samples differentiated on the basis of socio-economic attributes, disease exposure, actual prevention efforts and perceived malaria risks of survey respondents. Such auxiliary exercises help analyze the valuation question in greater depth, and generate policy insights into the potential factors that shape private prevention behavior.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Economics
Business Administration
Economics
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DE, TANWEE DAS. "MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF NEURO-OLFACTORY SYSTEM OF INDIAN MALARIAL VECTOR ANOPHELES CULICIFACIES." Thesis, 2018. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16210.
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Mosquitoes are the deadliest animals in the world and responsible for transmitting a variety of infectious disease such as malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, zika fever. Among them, malaria which is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes is one of the major vector-borne diseases that cause millions of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Continuous climate change, global warming, and other environmental factors are the facilitators of mosquito population growth and thus worse the situation of mosquitoborne diseases. Current tools to control and manage malaria face challenges due to the emergence of parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs and insecticide resistance of mosquitoes. Thus, alternative approaches are needed for the global elimination of malaria.
Evolution and adaptation of blood feeding behavior of adult female mosquitoes not only favored their reproductive success but also make them an important disease vectors. Mosquitoes rely extensively on their sense of smell (olfaction) for the majority of their lifecycle stages and the well-developed nasal system plays an essential role in the facilitation of olfactory guided behavior. Thus, decoding the genetic relationship of the neuro-olfactory system managing host seeking and blood feeding behavioral responses of adult female mosquitoes, may provide an opportunity to design new molecular strategy to disrupt human-mosquito interactions.
Our RNA-Seq analysis of the neuro-olfactory system of Anopheles culicifacies mosquito, which transmit more than 65% malaria cases in rural India, unravelled that a tight coordination of the olfactory and the central nervous system is necessary to regulate the ‘pre and post’ blood meal associated with complex behavioral responses such as host-seeking, blood feeding, and oviposition. A comprehensive molecular cataloging and comparative gene expression analysis of the olfactory tissue transcriptome data indicated that synergetic actions of the olfactory encoded molecular factors (Odorants Binding Proteins and Olfactory receptors) facilitate and manage the complex host-seeking behavioral events. Next, transcriptional profiling of the selected olfactory transcripts in two consecutive blood feeding experiment highlighted that adult female mosquitoes might learn and memorize from the priming effect of the first blood meal exposure, which further facilitates host selection and rapid blood meal uptake during second blood feeding event.
Furthermore, species-specific transcriptional profiling and an in-silico analysis of novel ‘sensory appendages proteins’ revealed their potential role in host-seeking and blood feeding behavior, possibly a unique target for functional characterization and designing of molecular strategy for the control of An. culicifacies mosquitoes. Our comparative
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RNA-Seq analysis of naïve and blood fed adult female mosquitoes brain unraveled that a gradual modulation of brain transcripts expression is crucial to regulate the complex events linked to metabolic switch activities such as blood meal digestion, egg maturation, oviposition etc. Finally, the characterization of two olfactory-specific proteins Quick-to-Court and Attractin provide a new knowledge that how mosquitoes manage the conflicting demand of mating vs. blood feeding.
Books on the topic "INDIAN MALARIAL VECTOR"
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National Institute of Malaria Research (India), ed. Integrated Disease Vector Control Project: A profile. Delhi: National Institute of Malaria Research, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "INDIAN MALARIAL VECTOR"
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Sharma, V. P., and R. C. Sharma. "Community-Based Integrated Vector Control of Malaria in India." In Progress in Vaccinology, 393–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3508-8_37.
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Banerjee, Bratati. "National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme—Malaria." In DK Taneja’s Health Policies and Programmes in India, 257. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/13071_14.
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Dev, Vas, and Vinod P. Sharma. "The Dominant Mosquito Vectors of Human Malaria in India." In Anopheles mosquitoes - New insights into malaria vectors. InTech, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55215.
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Landrigan, Philip J. "Environmental Hazards and Global Child Health: The Need for Evidence-Based Advocacy." In Principles of Global Child Health: Education and Research, 255–76. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610021906-part04-ch15.
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Children in today’s ever-smaller, more densely populated, tightly interconnected world are surrounded by a complex array of environmental threats to health.1 Because of their unique patterns of exposure and exquisite biological sensitivities, especially during windows of vulnerability in prenatal and early postnatal development, children are extremely vulnerable to environmental hazards.2,3 Even brief, low-level exposures during critical early periods can cause permanent alterations in organ function and result in acute and chronic disease and dysfunction in childhood and across the life span.4 The World Health Organization estimates that 24% of all deaths and 36% of deaths in children are attributable to environmental exposures,5 more deaths than are caused by HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined.6–8 In the Americas, the Pan American Health Organization estimates that nearly 100,000 children younger than 5 years die annually from physical, chemical, and biological hazards in the environment.9 Children in all countries are exposed to environmental health threats, but the nature and severity of these hazards vary greatly across countries, depending on national income, income distribution, level of development, and national governance.10 More than 90% of the deaths caused by environmental exposures occur in the world’s poorest countries6–8—environmental injustice on a global scale.11 In low-income countries, the predominant environmental threats are household air pollution from burning biomass and contaminated drinking water. These hazards are strongly linked to pneumonia, diarrhea, and a wide range of parasitic infestations in children.9,10 In high-income countries that have switched to cleaner fuels and developed safe drinking water supplies, the major environmental threats are ambient air pollution from motor vehicles and factories, toxic chemicals, and pesticides.10,12,13 These exposures are linked to noncommunicable diseases—asthma, birth defects, cancer, and neurodevelopmental disorders.9,10 Toxic chemicals are increasingly important environmental health threats, especially in previously low-income countries now experiencing rapid economic growth and industrialization.10 A major driver is the relocation of chemical manufacturing, recycling, shipbreaking, and other heavy industries to so-called “pollution havens” in low-income countries that largely lack environmental controls and public health infrastructure. Environmental degradation and disease result. The 1984 Bhopal, India, disaster was an early example.14 Other examples include the export to low-income countries of 2 million tons per year of newly mined asbestos15; lead exposure from backyard battery recycling16; mercury contamination from artisanal gold mining17; the global trade in banned pesticides18; and shipment to the world’s lowest-income countries of vast quantities of hazardous and electronic waste (e-waste).19 Climate change is yet another global environmental threat.20 Its effects will magnify in the years ahead as the world becomes warmer, sea levels rise, insect vector ranges expand, and changing weather patterns cause increasingly severe storms, droughts, and malnutrition. Children are the most vulnerable. Diseases of environmental origin in children can be prevented. Pediatricians are trusted advisors, uniquely well qualified to address environmental threats to children’s health. Prevention requires a combination of research to discover the environmental causes of disease coupled with evidence-based advocacy that translates research findings to policies and programs of prevention. Past successful prevention efforts, many of them led by pediatricians, include the removal of lead from paint and gasoline, the banning of highly hazardous pesticides, and reductions in urban air pollution. Future, more effective prevention will require mandatory safety testing of all chemicals in children’s environments, continuing education of pediatricians and health professionals, and enhanced programs for chemical tracking and disease prevention.
Conference papers on the topic "INDIAN MALARIAL VECTOR"
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Swain, Sunita. "Complex resting and biting behaviors of malaria vectors in rural transmission settings in India." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94544.
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