Journal articles on the topic 'Indian Institute of History of Medicine'
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Lebedenko, Anatoly A. "Himalayan Institute of Academic Research ‘Urusvati’: History and Modernity." Oriental Courier, no. 3-4 (2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310018031-2.
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The article covers issues related to the history of the establishment of the Urusvati Institute by the Roerichs in India in 1928, its multifaceted activities, directions of scientific research, cooperation with famous scientists, scientific centers, museums, and libraries from different countries of the world. The management of the Institute aimed to introduce into the scientific sphere the results of extensive research discovered and collected by the Roerich family in 1924–1928 on the route of the Central Asian expedition, and on this foundation to comprehensively continue the research begun. The initiative to open a special scientific institution in India by the Russians cannot be considered an accident. Russian Orientalists and Travelers in the 19th–20th centuries actively explored the little-explored expanses of Asia. The circle of their interests lay in the area of that ancient and direct path that connected the peoples of Southeast Asia with Russia through Siberia and the Tibetan plateau in the direction of India. The study of the possibilities of direct communication between Russia and India through Tibet in the past, present, and future brought the Roerichs closer to Indian culture and drew their attention to the problems associated with Russian-Indian cultural and scientific cooperation. Therefore, the organization of an independent research center on Indian territory having such goals as its object was of paramount importance for the Roerichs. Despite the remote geographical location of Urusvati from Russia, the Himalayan Institute contains all the features inherent in Russian centers of science and culture. This largely determined its international specificity and provided a unique example of the synthesis of two countries’ cultures: Russian and Indian ones. The author touches upon the problem of this City of Knowledge revival in the 21st century.
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Sridevi, Venigalla, Lanka Venkata Srivani, Goli Penchala Prasad, Narayanam Srikanth, and Rabinarayan Acharya. "Fifty years of the medico-historical journal of CCRAS: A bibliometric analysis (1971–2020)." Journal of Indian Medical Heritage 2, no. 1 (January 2023): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jimh.jimh_2_23.
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Abstract The Journal of Indian Medical Heritage (formerly known as Bulletin of the Institute of History of Medicine, Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine, and Journal of Indian Institute of History of Medicine) published by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi. The journal publishes literary research and medico-historical studies on Ayush medical systems, Modern medicine, other world medical traditions, History, Archeology, Anthropology, Indology, and Literature. The aim of the study was to carry out a detailed bibliometric analysis of articles published in the Journal of Indian Medical Heritage (JIMH) from 1971 to 2020. As of March 2021, the journal published 50 volumes from 1971 to 2020. The present analysis covers and discusses the year-wise distributions of papers; authorship pattern; most prolific authors; length of papers; number of citations; indexed papers, geographical distribution of papers; and organization-wise, subject-wise, and category-wise distribution of papers. The study shows that a total of 581 full-length papers and 5457 citations were published during 1971–2020. Among 581 papers, 393 (67.64%) papers are contributed by single authors and 188 (32.36%) by joint authorship. The majority of papers had 6–10 pages (216), and the highest number of papers was contributed by authors from India (87.61%) and by CCRAS (59.12%). The research publications are categorized under fifteen subject areas, and the three top papers are published on the subject of Ayurveda (224), followed by the Unani medical system (119) and Modern medicine (42). It is noted that the published papers under different subjects are inherently classified under twelve categories, and the three top papers pertaining to medico-historical studies (172), descriptive notes on manuscripts, rare books (92), and biographical profiles of authors of classical treatises and eminent personalities who significantly contributed in medical systems (84). The current study explores the intellectual structure and trends in medico-historical studies in Ayush medical systems, modern medicine, and health-related domain areas.
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Mishra, Mamta, and Swapan Kumar Maiti. "Surgical management of phallus prolapse in an Indian star tortoise (Geochelone elegans)." MOJ Biology and Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2022.07.00159.
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A three year old male Indian star tortoise was presented at Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, an institute under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) with a history of straining, constipation, anorexia and a swollen protruding mass below the vent from last two days. Condition was diagnosed as phallus prolapsed. Therapeutic approach involved manual repositioning of the prolapsed penis with help of fingers after cold pack and lignocaine jelly application under Ketamine and Midazolam general anaesthesia. Purse string suture was applied using polyamide (3-0). Antibiotics and glucocorticoids were administrated post operatively. The animal made an uneventful recovery.
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Paul, John J. "Indian Journal of History of Science. S. K. MukherjeeIndian Journal of History of Medicine.Bulletin of the Institute of History of Medicine." Isis 82, no. 2 (June 1991): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/355736.
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Muhammadaminov, Saidakbar. "THE INFLUENCE OF INDIAN FATWAS ON CENTRAL ASIA." Alatoo Academic Studies 19, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2019.194.23.
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This article discusses the impact of Indian fatwas on Central Asia. We reveal this influence in two ways. The first is based on the analysis of copies of manuscripts kept in the manuscript collection of the Institute of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences. The study is based on codicological data, i.e. seals, various notes of personal owners of the manuscript, as well as dates and place of correspondence, the names of the scribe, and a brief account of the history of the Indian fatwa lists. The second one is through Asian manuals (al- Masa'il al-Fikhiya, Jung), preserved in the Institute of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, where Qadiyah used various fatwas, including Indian ones, to make decisions, and to determine the degree of influence by determining the number of quoted decisions in Central Asian fatwas collections.
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Zimmermann, Francis, G. Jan Meulenbeld, and Dominik Wujastyk. "Studies on Indian Medical History: Papers Presented at the International Workshop on the Study of Indian Medicine Held at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, 2-4 September, 1985." Journal of the American Oriental Society 114, no. 3 (July 1994): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605102.
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Henderson, Eric. "Empty Beds: Indian Student Health at Sherman Institute, 1902-1922 (review)." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 78, no. 2 (2004): 501–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2004.0075.
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Jiang, Yueying. "The Enlightenment of Indian Institute of Technology: Autonomy, Selection and Practical Education." SHS Web of Conferences 148 (2022): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214801008.
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Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) is one of the most famous universities in the world, and its history witnessed the development of Indian higher education. The unique management mode and educational philosophy have played an important role in its success story and given a strong boost to become one of the world-class universities. This paper explores the successful experience of IIT, which can be summarized in the following three aspects. Firstly, a high degree of autonomy and academic freedom ensure a good academic reputation. Secondly, based on rigorous selection and assessment, the IIT students work their way to the top of their profession. Lastly, the emphasis on practical education and the system of industry-university-research integration work together to promote the productivity transformation of academic achievements. These distinctive characteristics of management and talent cultivation system boost the development of IIT and make it outstanding. The success of IIT can be used as a reference and provide enlightenment for the construction of world-class universities in China. It inspires universities in China to make changes in the management system, entrance selection and talent cultivation.
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Nair, Aparna. "‘These Curly-Bearded, Olive-Skinned Warriors’: Medicine, Prosthetics, Rehabilitation and the Disabled Sepoy in the First World War, 1914–1920." Social History of Medicine 33, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 798–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkz002.
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Summary The sepoy had always been a central figure in colonial governance and policing and had played important roles in both world wars. Focusing on World War I, this article explores the sepoys’ corporeal experience of the war through their own letters. The article explores how the war had a catalytic impact on colonial perceptions of and responses to disability in the colony and how medicine, prosthetics and rehabilitation came to be seen as the ‘promise’ made by the Crown to Indian soldiers for their service. The article also examines the introduction of cultures and institutions of rehabilitation into the colony in the form of the Queen Mary Technical Institute and explores the intersections of race, empire and disability at these sites of rehabilitation.
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Magomedov, Amirbek Dzhalilovich. "TRADITIONAL CRAFTS OF DAGESTAN AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ART INDUSTRY." Herald of the G. Tsadasa Institute of Language, Literature and Art, no. 26 (June 4, 2021): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestiyali26/10.
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The article considers the history of relations of traditional art crafts of Dagestan with the Research Institute of Art Industry (RIAI). Due to its budgetary and personnel capabilities, the Institute tried to support the art crafts of Dagestan until the late 1980s. Since 1979, the Mahachkalinsky branch of RIAI has been working here. Artists, scientific employees of the Institute helped masters in search of prospective assortment for crafts, taught them skills to study the history of crafts, revival of traditions. The most significant role in such cooperation was played by scientific employees of the Institute: E. M. Shilling, E. M. Kilchevskaya, T. M. Razin, D. A. Chirkov, etc. Important for the crafts of the region was the assistance of the artists of the Institute in the execution of samples for introduction into serial production, the production of exhibits for All-Russian and international exhibitions, orders of state institutions and museums related to celebrations in the country of various anniversary. This practice was common for art artels, state mills of the Soviet time. Working with the artists of RIAI masters of Dagestan learned to draw up (drawings with pencil, Indian ink), compositions of patterns, to drafts of products, and also to collect field material on historical culture of crafts, to work as professional artists of applied art.
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Singh, Sukhchain, Arun Kumar Singh, and Prashish Singh. "Perception of E-learning among Banaras Hindu University Students: A Comprehensive Analysis." Indian Journal of Extension Education 60, no. 2 (2024): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2024.60208.
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The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a transformation in teaching and learning methods, leading to the widespread adoption of E-learning. The study was conducted in 2021, employing a structured questionnaire and descriptive research design to analyze the perception of Banaras Hindu University Students towards E-learning. The survey included 127 respondents, with representation from the Institute of Agricultural Sciences (I.A.S.), Indian Institute of Technology (I.I.T.), Institute of Medical Sciences (I.M.S.), Institute of Management Studies (I. Mg. St.), Institute of Sciences (I.Sc.), and Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development (I.E.S.D.). This perception of students towards E-learning was measured using a 3-point continuum Likert scale consisting of 17 items. The majority of (66.92%) respondents had a favourable perception towards E-learning. Age and parent education level education had a positive and significant relationship with the perception of respondents towards E-learning. It can be concluded that the perception towards E-learning among students of six institutes of BHU is positive and this will be the most important aspect as this only affects the further acceptance or rejection of E Learning.
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Doshi, Shrushti, Yamini B. Sangada, and Stuti V. Juneja. "A case of subretinal hemorrhage due to choroidal tear in right eye following blunt trauma in a 35 years old female." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 3689. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20214720.
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A 35-year-old Asian Indian female presented to our institute with a history of fall on road and accidental hit by stone over her right eyebrow, grossly no anterior segment abnormality was noted. On dilated fundus examination, a superotemporal choroidal tear was noted which led to choroidal hemorrhage. Patient was managed conservatively by giving oral steroids and tablet vitamin C. After 2 months of treatment there was complete resolution of the lesion with a final best corrected visual acuity of 6/6.
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Ramos, Gabriela. "Indian Hospitals and Government in the Colonial Andes." Medical History 57, no. 2 (March 21, 2013): 186–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2012.102.
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AbstractThis article examines the reception of the early modern hospital among the indigenous people of the Andes under Spanish colonial rule. During the period covered by this study (sixteenth to mid-eighteenth centuries), the hospital was conceived primarily as a manifestation of the sovereign’s paternalistic concern for his subjects’ spiritual well being. Hospitals in the Spanish American colonies were organised along racial lines, and those catering to Indians were meant to complement the missionary endeavour. Besides establishing hospitals in the main urban centres, Spanish colonial legislation instituted hospitals for Indians in provincial towns and in small rural jurisdictions throughout the Peruvian viceroyalty. Indian hospitals often met with the suspicion and even hostility of their supposed beneficiaries, especially indigenous rulers. By conceptualising the Indian hospital as a tool of colonial government, this article investigates the reasons behind its negative reception, the work of adaptation that allowed a few of them to thrive, and the eventual failure of most of these institutions.
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Ghia, Canna Jagdish, and Gautam Sudhakar Rambhad. "Systematic review and meta-analysis of comorbidities and associated risk factors in Indian patients of community-acquired pneumonia." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212210954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121221095485.
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Objective: Comorbidities and risk factors have a major implication on incidence, complications, mortality, and management of community-acquired pneumonia complications and treatment outcomes. This study attempts to identify the same in the Indian population through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We screened observational studies (between January 1990 and February 2021) that reported potential comorbidities and other factors associated with increased risk of community-acquired pneumonia in the Indian population (⩾12 years) using PubMed, Google Scholar, and manual search. The risk of bias was identified using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for prevalence studies. Meta-analysis was conducted by using the random intercept logistic regression model. Results: Twenty-three studies were included in this analysis. The most prevalent comorbidities were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (24.2%; 95% confidence interval: 16.4%–34.2%), hypertension (23.7%; 95% confidence interval: 13.6%–38.1%), and diabetes mellitus (16%; 95% confidence interval: 9.9%–24.7%). The prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia was high in patients with a current or previous history of smoking (51.4%; 95% confidence interval: 42.3%–61%) and advanced age ⩾50 years: (55.8%; 95% confidence interval: 48.4%–62%). Conclusions: Comorbid conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus and factors like advanced age and smoking history were common risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in the Indian population.
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McKay, Alex, and Dorji Wangchuk. "Traditional Medicine in Bhutan." Asian Medicine 1, no. 1 (January 16, 2005): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342105777996737.
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The Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan is an independent state situated between China and India. It emerged as a unified polity in the early 17th century under the rule of an exiled Tibetan religious leader and much of its elite culture, including its medical traditions, were brought from Tibet during this period. The Bhutanese Traditional Medical system subsequently evolved distinct characteristics that enable it to be viewed as a separate part of the Himalayan tradition of Sowa Rigpa (̒the science of healing̓), which includes what is now known as Tibetan Medicine. After coming under the influence of the British imperial Government of India at the beginning of the 20th century, Bhutan was occasionally visited by British Medical Officers from the Indian Medical Service, who accompanied British Political Officers on diplomatic missions there. But when the British withdrew from South Asia in 1947 there were no permanent biomedical structures or even fully qualified Bhutanese biomedical doctors in Bhutan. Since 194 7, Bhutan has evolved a state medical system in which their Traditional Medicine is an integral part and patients have the choice of treatment under traditional or biomedical practitioners. With particular reference to the role of The Institute of Traditional Medicine Services in Thimphu this paper discusses the history, structures and practices of traditional medicine in Bhutan, including its interaction with biomedicine.
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Jain, Pritesh, Amlan Ghosh, Debarshi Jana, and Dilip Kumar Pal. "Chronic pelvic pain syndrome/chronic prostatitis: Is it related to human papillomavirus infection? A case-control study from Eastern India." Urologia Journal 87, no. 3 (January 16, 2020): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391560319899848.
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Introduction: Relationship between human papillomavirus infection and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is not clear in the Indian population. The present study evaluated human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor in the development of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Methods: Patients between the age group of 18 and 50 years, diagnosed with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (Cases) or sexually active asymptomatic men with primary infertility (Controls), were recruited. Recording of the personal and/or family history and National Institute of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index scoring (pain score, urinary score, and quality-of-life score) was done in all prostatitis patients. Seminal fluids of all study patients were evaluated for genomic sequences of human papillomavirus including oncogenic subtypes human papillomavirus-16 and -18. Results: Study participants were divided in cases (n = 50) and controls (n = 50). The mean age of cases and controls were 30.72 and 32.48 years, respectively. Among the cases, the mean duration of symptoms was 9.98 months and mean total National Institute of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index scoring score and mean International Prostate Symptom Score were 20.52 and 5.8, respectively. Among cases, 26 (52%) were found positive for human papillomavirus infection compared to only 6 (12%) in control group (risk ratio = 0.43; 95% confidence interval = 0.3–0.62; p < 0.001). Infection with human papillomavirus-16 subtype was significantly associated with patients from cases group (χ2 = 4.17; risk ratio (confidence interval) (0.39–0.59); p = 0.041). Oncogenic human papillomavirus-18 subtype was not found in any of the group. Conclusion: These observations indicate that infection with human papillomavirus (HPV-16 subtype) can be considered as a risk factor for the development of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in Indian males under the age of 50 years.
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Anand Prakash, Akilesh, D. Subaskaran, and Vinitha Akilesh. "Musculoskeletal Pain and Injury in Indian Classical Dancers: A Systematic Review." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 38, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2023.3020.
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The majority of current research on dance injuries has been on ballet, leaving a void in recent data on musculoskeletal injuries in Indian classical [IC] dance. The prevalence of injuries among IC dancers remains unclear, stressing the importance of injury epidemiology research for improved diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and injury burden reduction. Through a thorough examination of published literature, this study sought to critically evaluate existing research on the epidemiology of musculoskeletal pain and injury in IC dancers. Using Google Scholar and PubMed, a systematic evaluation of the online literature published in English was carried out from inception up to December 31, 2021 following PRISMA guidelines. For studies estimating injury prevalence, the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool and the Risk of Bias Tool (RoBT) were used to evaluate the studies’ quality. Of 3,917 studies identified, 6 studies, all cross-sectional, of low quality, with a high risk of bias, and featuring young Bharatanatyam and Kathak dancers, were determined to be admissible. Because of the studies’ heterogeneity, severe study limitations, and methodological variability, a meta-analysis could not be carried out. The evidence from the current review is severely constrained, lacking generalizability to IC dancers as a whole and Bharatanatyam in particular. Since injury epidemiology is essential to the whole injury-prevention puzzle, there is a need for standardization in future research, particularly with active and prospective injury surveillance, injury assessment, and injury reporting.
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Ghansah, Benjamin, and Ben-Bright Benuwa. "Impact of Technology on University Leadership Effectiveness Among Academic Staff of Some Selected Private Universities in Ghana." International Journal of ICT Research in Africa and the Middle East 10, no. 2 (July 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijictrame.290834.
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Throughout history, leaders in many countries have leveraged on technology to achieve supremacy and power; from German engineering and Japanese electronics to Indian software and Israeli cybersecurity. Patterns in the rise and fall of technological leadership show that such dominance should be understood from traditional factors that signal industrial power, geography and national ambition, and the complexity of emerging technologies. The ubiquitous nature of contemporary technologies and the explosion of mobile and other network-attached devices have been the catalysts and tipping points for most successful countries and leaders. This paper examines how advances in technology impact on university leadership effectiveness among academic staff working in four selected private universities in Ghana. Stratified random sampling method was used to gather data from respondents, comprising administrators, deans and heads of departments from Data Link Institute, Fountainhead University College, Central University and Methodist University College were used in the study.
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Nain, Manjeet Singh, Rashmi Singh, J. R. Mishra, and Anil Kumar Singh. "Developing Model for Diffusion of Farmers’ Innovations for Maximizing Farm Income: Indian Agricultural Research Institute Experiences." Indian Journal of Extension Education 60, no. 1 (2024): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2024.60120.
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Indian farmers have also been continuously improving available technologies for more efficient and cost effective farming, which resulted in numerous innovations over the generations and helped in improving farming practices ensuring better livelihood options. The action research was carried from 2015 to 2021 to document, verify, scalability testing, developing sharing and scaling mechanism, identifying support mechanism and finally devising scaling mechanism for higher profits, reduced costs, enterprise development, enhanced employment opportunities and capacities, growth and survival. The results of various interventions showed that FLIs were mostly reconfiguration of existing resources giving incremental adjustments. All innovators studied expressed dissatisfaction with the pre-existing economic returns of the farming thus pushing them to innovate. Economic effect of the farmers’ innovations in terms of changes in income, change in savings of stakeholders, change in capital owned and change in credit availability were expressed on an average. The innovations which were economically viable and found sustainable source of funding were able to translate into entrepreneurial ventures having higher income and profits. The conceptual model for scaling farmers’ innovations was found effective on the basis of experiences and interventions.
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Amirbekian, Raisa. "Les Sujets Soufis Dans la Miniature Medievale Orientale (Collection du Maténadaran, Erevan)." Iran and the Caucasus 11, no. 1 (2007): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338407x224914.
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AbstractThe Matenadaran, Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, is a unique repository of Armenian and Oriental manuscripts. The Oriental Collection of the Matenadaran (known usually as Arabo-Persian Collection), including manuscripts in Persian, Arabic, Turkish, Hebrew, Indian and other languages (total ca. 2,500), is formed over a long time and is regularly augmented by purchases and gifts. This collection covers nearly all subjects of human and natural sciences and culture, including theology, jurisprudence, Qur'ānic sciences, Tafsīrs, Hadīthes, lexicography, literature, poetry, history, politics, philosophy, logic, astronomy, magic, mathematics, medicine, veterinary, and agriculture. Among them there are some Sufi codices from the period of the 15th to the 19th century, illustrated and illuminated in the various ateliers in Iran and the region. The article presents the analysis of some Oriental medieval miniatures from the Matenadaran Collection connected with the Sufi motifs in their compositions. The most important are illustrative cycles of a copy dating back to 1848-1849 of the Commentaries of the Seven Qasidas by Husayn Ibn Ahmad al-Zuzani (Ms. no. 1610); of the Afghan manuscript of the 18th century Gulshan-i Afghan by 'Ali Akbar Oraqzay (Ms. no. 538); of a manuscript (no. 599) dated from 1841-1842 and containing the poem Yusuf va Zuleykha by 'Abd ul-Rahman Djami; and of a manuscript of 1629 (no.1036), the travel diary of the Iranian diplomat Muhammad 'Ali Bek Isfahani; as well a number of single miniature compositions from the collection of Louise Aslanian (Paris) (no.1999).
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Strickland, S. S. "Studies on Indian medical history: papers presented at the International Workshop on the Study of Indian Medicine held at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, 2–4 September 1985. Edited by G. Jan Meulenbeld and Dominik Wujastyk. (Groningen Oriental Studies, Vol. II.) pp. vii, 247. Groningen, Egbert Forsten, 1987 D.fl. 65." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 120, no. 2 (April 1988): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x0014208x.
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Bhattacharya, U., A. Kumar, and AVK Raju. "Permanent colostomy wound: Aeromedical disposal." Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine 63 (November 7, 2019): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijasm_2019_8.
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Background: A 41-year-old test pilot from the fighter stream presented to the Institute of Aerospace Medicine (IAM) with carcinoma lower one-third of rectum (opted) and a history of 2 years of follow-up post-surgery. He was physically fit with a healthy stoma in the left iliac fossa region. There was no history of local recurrence or distance metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC). During his evaluation at IAM, the officer had completed the OPTRAM profile with a stomal guard in place and could do AGSM effectively. Considering the overall prognosis, which was found to be favorable, the pilot was recommended an upgradation to a restricted flying category in the type, subject to a 1 time waiver from Director General Medical Services (air). Discussion: According to the Indian Council of Medical Research consensus document for the management of CRC 2014, the annual incidence rate of colon cancer and rectal cancer in Indian male population is 4.4 and 4.1/100,000, respectively. Surgery is the primary treatment for such cancers and they are mostly curative. Multimodal therapy with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy is done to improve the survival rates. Latest reports published by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network for Rectal Cancer, Version 2.2018, Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology indicate that the peak mortality rates are currently down by 50% due to better treatment modalities. Depending on the site of primary tumor, the surgery might leave the patient with either a temporary or a permanent colostomy wound. Conclusion: There was no available record/published case report of any pilot being returned to the cockpit in military flying with a permanent stoma. This case was a first of its kind with respect to aeromedical decisionmaking. With mortality rates decreasing due to effective treatment for cancer, aeromedical decision in more such cases may be required in the future. This case will serve as a precedence in effectively returning trained aviators to the cockpit.
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Sharma, Ajay, Reena Sharma, Shuchi Sharma, Neha Chauhan, Donka Bhargavi, Sumeet Verma, and Divyani Totade. "Maternal and fetal outcome among pregnant women with jaundice and deranged LFTs attending a tertiary care institute: a prospective study." International Journal of Scientific Reports 9, no. 9 (August 24, 2023): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20232512.
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Background: This was a prospective study to analyses the maternal and fetal outcome among pregnant women with jaundice and deranged LFTs in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at SLBSGMC Nerchowk for a period of 6 months. The pregnant women with jaundice and deranged LFTs were included in the study after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. History, clinical examination and relevant investigations done. All patients followed till seven days in post-partum period. The maternal and fetal outcomes were noted. Results: During study period we encountered 59 pregnant women with deranged LFTs. Majority of women were in primigravida (74.6%) in 20-30 years (55.9%) of age group. Most common symptom was pruritus in 59.3% of women. ICP was the most common cause amongst 64.4% of women. 40.7% 0f women had FTVD and 40.6% had cesarean delivery. AFD with MSL (87.5%) being the most common indication for cesarean delivery amongst these women. A total of 49 (83.1%) of newborn were delivered alive with good Apgar score, 1 (1.7%) was premature, 1 (1.7%) had respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Conclusions: In contrary to older Indian studies our study concluded that though liver disease is less common, but on evaluation we found that intra-hepatic cholestasis being the number one cause of deranged LFTs in pregnancy in our hospital. Amongst these patients with high index of suspicion, prompt investigations, early diagnosis and timely management can improve the maternal and perinatal outcome.
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ALTER, GEORGE C., and ANN G. CARMICHAEL. "Reflections on the classification of causes of death." Continuity and Change 12, no. 2 (August 1997): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416097002889.
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On November 11–14 1993, Indiana University hosted a conference on the ‘History of Registration of Causes of Death’, with funding from the US National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The conference brought together historians of medicine and historically-oriented demographers and epidemiologists to discuss the origins of the recording of causes of death and the possible uses of these documents in demographic and epidemiological research. Demographers and epidemiologists would like to use long-run series of causes of death to examine the effects of social and economic conditions, the availability of health care, and specific risk factors on mortality. Many important questions (such as the effects of early health experiences on old-age morbidity and mortality) are best studied with data on changes over long periods of time. However, it is very difficult to construct a consistent series of deaths by cause over time because advances in medical theory and practice have led to significant changes in the classification of diseases. For example, it is unclear whether the prevalence of heart disease was increasing, decreasing, or constant before 1940, because heart disease was often classified under other categories.The essays in this special number of Continuity and Change offer a range of insights on the historical circumstances in which cause-of-death registration emerged. They help us to see the ways in which medical theory, medical practitioners, and their increasingly influential professional organizations shaped the conceptualization of reporting of causes of death. Günter Risse's ‘Causes of death as a historical problem’ serves as an overview of the problems that social historians of medicine find underlying any continuous history of mortality experience. Above all, he argues, medical historians react as historians, wary of Whiggish confidence in state records without attention to the ideologies governing their creation.
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KUMAR, Dr AVIKAL. "ISSUES AND PRIORITIES AREAS OF AGRICULTURE IN INDIA." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education 09, no. 01 (2018): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36893/tercomat.2018.v09i01.215-224.
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Agriculture is the centerpiece of the Indian economy and the pivot of Indian life. Being the basis of economic life, the main source of employment and a means of earning foreign exchange, it would not be an exaggeration to call agriculture the foundation stone of the country. About 52 percent of the total labor force of the country is earning their livelihood from agriculture and agriculture related sectors. Therefore it would be fair to say that the development and prosperity of the country depends on the growth, prosperity and productivity of agriculture. The development and prosperity of agriculture is dependent on the increase in agricultural production as well as getting a fair price for the produce produced. Significantly, most of the small farmers of the country are trapped in the vicious cycle of poverty. Due to poverty and debt, farmers are forced to sell their produce to middlemen at low prices. To free the farmers from the trap of these middlemen and to improve the marketing system, the government has taken important steps like expansion of controlled mandis, grading and effect of agricultural products, arrangement of go-downs, market promotion and price information. Management of cooperative marketing system. Steps have been taken. Establishment of National Agricultural Marketing Institute is also an important step in this direction. The institute is playing a vital role in agricultural development by providing specialized education, training and research services in agricultural marketing. Due to the high development rates of the industrial and service sectors, agriculture's economic contribution to India's economy has decreased to less than 15%, but the sector's significance to the country's social and economic structure goes much beyond this metric. First, the rural economy provides income for approximately three-quarters of Indian households. Second, rural areas are home to the majority of India's impoverished (770 million people, or around 70%). Third, to fulfil the demands of a growing population with rising incomes, India's food security depends on the production of cereal crops as well as the production of fruits, vegetables, and milk. This will require a faster emergence of a productive, competitive, diverse, and sustainable agriculture industry.
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Mulay, Shaunak, and Amrut Kulkarni. "TACKLING DIABETES USING MACHINE LEARNING." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 7 (November 1, 2021): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2021.v06i07.040.
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—Diabetes is a chronic disease that has affected a huge mass of people worldwide. Diabetes mellitus or simply Diabetes is caused due to increase in the level of blood glucose. Weight, inactivity, family history, Race, age, gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol, etc. are some of the causes of diabetes among most of the people. Diabetes is one of the most fatal and common disease. Machine Learning is transforming all spheres of our life, including the healthcare sector. Application of Machine Learning has a potential to vastly enhance the diabetes care methodology and also improve its efficiency. In case of diabetes, Machine Learning plays a crucial role in the diagnosis process. Using Machine Learning algorithms for diagnosis of diabetes can give quick and accurate results. Though the accuracy as of now is not that good we can try to improve on it. In this study, we have taken PIMA Indian dataset that is from National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. We have implemented algorithms like Logistic Regression, Random Forest and KNN on this dataset.
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A, Ranjan, Banerjee B, Das S, Biswas L, and Pal SK. "A study on association between non alcoholic fatty liver disease and ischemic heart disease in a tertiary care hospital." Journal of Medical and Scientific Research 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2023): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-32.
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Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often an incidental finding in a large subset of Indian population, who because of their sedentary life style are more prone to ischaemic heart disease (IHD). This study was aimed at determining the association between NAFLD and IHD, with and without traditional risk factors for ischemic heart disease and to determine the relationship between the ischemic heart disease and severity of NAFLD. Materials and methods: It was a prospective comparative study among patients who got admitted in General Medicine ward or visited OPD of our institute from February 2020 to September 2021. Patients selected were divided into two groups- Study arm included patients with clinical features and investigations suggestive of ischemic heart disease. Control arm patients were age (+/-5years) matched people coming to hospital with infections/ illness not affecting liver, and without any history of ischaemic heart disease. We did check for NAFLD in these patients and tried to determine the association with IHD. Results: Significant number of patients (68.5%) had NAFLD in the study arm patients who were admitted for IHD in comparison to only 33.3% (p value-<0.001). Study arm had 31% patients with grade 2 or more NAFLD in comparison to 17% of control arm patients. There was significant association present between IHD and Severity of NAFLD (p value<0.05). Conclusion: NAFLD should be considered a risk factor of IHD, and should prompt clinicians to search for other cardiovascular risk factors and intervene at earliest.
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Pradeep Chakraborty, Sujata Mazumdar, Shyamosree Mondal, and Sayan Choudhury. "Study on clinical profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of enteric fever patients in a tertiary care hospital of East India." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i6.41803.
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Background: Enteric fever is a global health problem which is endemic in the Indian subcontinent. With the changing pattern of clinical presentation and antibiotic sensitivity, physicians are facing a challenge to treat the disease in day-to-day practice. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to know the clinical profile of enteric fever and to study the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility among Salmonella species. Material and Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study including 50 cases of enteric fever admitted under General Medicine Department of a tertiary medical institute of Kolkata from January 2019 to December 2019, diagnosed on the basis of positive results found on blood culture, Widal test, and Typhi dot immunoglobulin M. Proper history taking, detailed clinical examinations, and relevant blood investigations were done. Results: The mean age of patients was 21.16±5.72 years with 32 males and 18 females. Fever was the most common symptom, followed by anorexia, abdominal pain, and headache. The predominant sign was coated tongue seen in 20 (40%) patients with hepatomegaly in 4 (8%) and splenomegaly in 9 (18%) patients. Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A were isolated in 32 (64%) cases and 5 (10%) cases, respectively, with 100% sensitivity to 3rd generation cephalosporins, azithromycin, and meropenem. Fluoroquinolone resistance was approximately 90%. Conclusion: Widely varying clinical presentation makes early diagnosis and proper selection of antibiotics essential for the treatment and prevention of complications of enteric fever. Quinolone resistance still remains an area of concern.
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Jędrzejko, Paweł. "Translocality/Methodology. The Americas, or Experiencing the World." Review of International American Studies 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rias.10013.
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The Americas offer a peculiar stage for translocal methodologies. If we agree that the products of Chinese American culture—which, in the course of the last 170 years of interaction, has evolved into a unique, American, phenomenon—can not be labeled as “Made in China,” then contemporary Chinese medicine in the Americas cannot legitimately be perceived solely as an ‘import.’ Beyond doubt, phenomena such as the emergence of the American College of Traditional Chinese Medicine at the California Institute of Integral Studies testify to the fact that the once ‘exotic’ forms of therapy are now being granted a status parallel to those developed throughout the history of Western medicine. Increasingly, as translocal, they are becoming recognized as non-foreign elements of the glocal culture. Similarly, the exploration of the physical world, which, to an experienced dancer of Bharatanatyam, Odissi, or any other of the dominant forms of the classical Indian dance is an obvious function of his or her own experience of the ‘body-in-the-world,’ has, translocally, opened up an altogether new space of profound understanding of ourselves in our environment. It is not about the fashionable, politically correct, ‘openness to other cultures’; it is about the opening up to a parallel meditative experience of the “bodymind,” which neither excludes nor isolates the sphere of emotions from the reality of what-is-being-experienced. Or, to express it in terms more easily comprehensible to a Western reader, dance may prove to be a methodology (not just a method) serving the purpose of a more profound understanding of the complexity and unity of the universe, and a language to express this understanding. Making the most of available traditions might produce much greater benefits than remaining locked within just one, Western, Anglonormative, library of concepts. In the context of the ongoing debate on transnational American Studies, the article offers an insight into how the worldwide studies of the Americas and translocality intersect, and how such a perspective may contribute to the multifaceted process of the decolonization, understood both literally and intellectually.
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Elias, Matthew D., Dongngan T. Truong, Matthew E. Oster, Felicia L. Trachtenberg, Xiangyu Mu, Pei-Ni Jone, Elizabeth C. Mitchell, et al. "Examination of Adverse Reactions After COVID-19 Vaccination Among Patients With a History of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): e2248987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.48987.
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ImportanceData are limited regarding adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with a history of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The lack of vaccine safety data in this unique population may cause hesitancy and concern for many families and health care professionals.ObjectiveTo describe adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with a history of MIS-C.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this multicenter cross-sectional study including 22 North American centers participating in a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health–sponsored study, Long-Term Outcomes After the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MUSIC), patients with a prior diagnosis of MIS-C who were eligible for COVID-19 vaccination (age ≥5 years; ≥90 days after MIS-C diagnosis) were surveyed between December 13, 2021, and February 18, 2022, regarding COVID-19 vaccination status and adverse reactions.ExposuresCOVID-19 vaccination after MIS-C diagnosis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination. Comparisons were made using the Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables and the χ2 or Fisher exact test for categorical variables.ResultsOf 385 vaccine-eligible patients who were surveyed, 185 (48.1%) received at least 1 vaccine dose; 136 of the vaccinated patients (73.5%) were male, and the median age was 12.2 years (IQR, 9.5-14.7 years). Among vaccinated patients, 1 (0.5%) identified as American Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic; 9 (4.9%) as Asian, non-Hispanic; 45 (24.3%) as Black, non-Hispanic; 59 (31.9%) as Hispanic or Latino; 53 (28.6%) as White, non-Hispanic; 2 (1.1%) as multiracial, non-Hispanic; and 2 (1.1%) as other, non-Hispanic; 14 (7.6%) had unknown or undeclared race and ethnicity. The median time from MIS-C diagnosis to first vaccine dose was 9.0 months (IQR, 5.1-11.9 months); 31 patients (16.8%) received 1 dose, 142 (76.8%) received 2 doses, and 12 (6.5%) received 3 doses. Almost all patients received the BNT162b2 vaccine (347 of 351 vaccine doses [98.9%]). Minor adverse reactions were observed in 90 patients (48.6%) and were most often arm soreness (62 patients [33.5%]) and/or fatigue (32 [17.3%]). In 32 patients (17.3%), adverse reactions were treated with medications, most commonly acetaminophen (21 patients [11.4%]) or ibuprofen (11 [5.9%]). Four patients (2.2%) sought medical evaluation, but none required testing or hospitalization. There were no patients with any serious adverse events, including myocarditis or recurrence of MIS-C.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of patients with a history of MIS-C, no serious adverse events were reported after COVID-19 vaccination. These findings suggest that the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccination administered at least 90 days following MIS-C diagnosis appears to be similar to that in the general population.
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Pingili, Ravindrababu. "A Prospective study on the assessment of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in outpatients department of a south Indian tertiary care hospital: A case-control study." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.14427.
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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most general type of diabetes. In India, the risk factors (modifiable and nonmodifiable) for diabetes are seen more frequently and there is lack of perception about this problem.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the incidence and risk factors for T2DM in a south Indian tertiary care hospital.Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 1161 subjects (with or without T2DM) from November 2014 to April 2015 in general medicine department of Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, south India. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the incidence of T2DM and odds ratios were calculated in univariate logistic regression analysis for risk factors.Results: T2DM was significantly higher in the subjects of age above 41 years (86.3%, P<0.0001), married (95.4%, P=0.002), educators (degree and above, 13.2%, P<0.0001), known family history (50.8%, P<0.0001), BMI (>25 kg/m2,58.7%; P<0.0001), Govt. job holders (5.5%, P<0.0001), business people (12%, P<0.0001), house wives (38.3%, P<0.0001), high economic status (34.9%, P<0.0004), preexisting hypertension (40.2%, P<0.0001), urban residence (50.4%, P<0.0001), physical inactivity (45.3%, P<0.001), stress (61.0%, P=0.01), consumption of tea and coffee (daily thrice or more, 6.3%, P=0.0003), soft drinks (weekly thrice or more, 4%, P=0.0008) and junk foods (weekly thrice or more 2.6%, P=0.025) than non-diabetic subjects. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age (above 41 years), marital status, education, family history, BMI (>25 kg/m2), high economic status, co-morbidities (hypertension and thyroid disorders) urban residence, physical inactivity, stress, consumption of tea and coffee (daily thrice or more), soft drinks (weekly thrice or more) and junk foods are the significantly risk factors for T2DM.Conclusion: The present study results suggested that beware of hypertension, thyroids disorders, physical inactivity, stress, soft drinks and junk foods, which are major risk factors of T2DM.
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Arijit Ghosh, Aniruddha Chattopadhyay, Jayanta Ghosal, and Sumanta Sarkar. "Traumatic brain injury in pediatric patients –Clinical manifestations and outcome." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i12.44425.
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Background: Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health concern and is preventable, but there are no approved therapies to treat it definitely until date. Falls are the most frequent mode of injuries followed by road traffic accidents (RTA). Most of the TBIs have favorable outcome, though this is influenced by geographical, environmental, societal, and ethnic differences. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the several modes of injury, severity of injury, outcomes, and complications in the Eastern Indian population. Materials and Methods: Children-aged <18 years suffering from TBI who were attended to in Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, were prospectively studied for 1 year. Detailed history, clinical examinations, assessment of pupillary status, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was recorded. Severity of TBI was done based on GCS score for each case. Computed tomography (CT) scan of head without contrast was the initial mode of neuro imaging and findings were recorded diligently. Patients were treated conservatively and surgically as required. Outcome was assessed in relation to age group, gender, initial GCS score, pupillary status, CT findings, intervention, and associated injuries. Simple statistical analysis was done. Results: Among the total 150 patients aged 1–18 years, most common mode of injury was fall in 56.66% followed by RTA in 23.33%, assault in 6.66%, and other modes such as sports, hit by object on head, and firearm injury in 13.33%. RTAs had a poor outcome in 14.29% and fall had a poor outcome in 14.12%. Poor outcome was associated with the highest (68%) being midline shift (MLS)>3 mm and it was 12.77% with MLS of <3 mm and it was 10.26% in patients with no MLS. It was noticed that chest, spinal, and multiple injuries were associated with poor outcome. Conclusion: The most important prognostic factors regarding pediatric TBI are GCS at presentation, pupillary status, associated injuries, and CT scan findings.
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Prabha, Lakshmi, Kishore Kumar, Chezhian Subash, and Siva Nambi. "Psychiatric Illness in Indian Bone Marrow Transplant Patients." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 5744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-112539.
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Abstract Introduction: Bone marrow transplantation is the main stay treatment for various disorders. Psychosocial morbidity associated with Bone Marrow Transplant are due to the diagnosis of a deadly disease, curative option with its associated risk of death. Several psychosocial factors influence the long-term outcome in patients. Objective: To identify Psychiatric illnesses in Indian patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of July 2015 to March 2017 at Institute of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, MIOT INTERNATIONAL, Chennai, India. All consecutive patients, aged 15 years and above, who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent transplantation, were enrolled in this study. Psychiatric assessment comprised of a semi-structured interview based on Present Status Examination (PSE). Results: Out of 72 enrolled patients, twenty-six (36.1%) patients met the psychiatric diagnostic criteria. Adjustment disorder (43%) was more frequently encountered among the affected individuals followed by depressive illnesses (24%). Discussion: We had 36% of patients with symptoms of psychiatric illnesses. Interestingly higher percentage (54% and 41%) of psychiatric morbidity was observed in studies carried out by Leigh et al. and Sasaki respectively. Regarding diagnostic breakup among transplant patients, adjustment disorders (with symptoms of anxiety and depression) was the most frequent diagnosis (43%) in our study, which is similar to research of Sasaki. While on the other hand study done by Jenkin et al.observed higher prevalence (40%) of depression, which was the second highest psychiatric morbidity in our research. Majority of patients appeared to be mentally prepared and tolerant during transplantation and very few patients observed psychological problems. So, any sort of psychological issues encountered during transplantation has no relation with the diagnosis or the therapy per se but rather is more intricately related to the personality and personal history of the patients. Post-transplantation period seems to be highly stressful mainly due to the isolation, high vigilance, expectations, apprehension of the future and reverse barrier nursing. Therefore, most of psychiatric symptoms were observed within first week after transplantation procedure in 69% (n=18) of patients in our study. Other studies by Illescas - Rico et al. and Sasaki also noted that psychiatric disorders mainly developed after transplantation in majority of cases (68.75%). 76%(n=20) required psychotropic medicines in addition to counselling and psychotherapy Psychiatric symptoms settled in 62% (n=16) of cases during their stay in BMT unit. In this study, patients of the age group 24-45 years, were mostly affected comprising of 54% of all the individuals having psychological problems. Another study carried out by Prieto et al.on 220 patients who had recieved stem cell transplantation had however observed that younger age is one of the risk factor associated with psychiatric disorder in BMT. This clearly reflects the more stress observed in younger population secondary to transplantation. Regarding gender, it is believed that psychiatric disorders are significantly more common in females than males. However in this study, the number of males (58%) were more than the number females amongst the affected patients. There are few limitations of our study like the relatively small sample size, single centre study and limited time period. A multi-centric study is mandated to establish the findings more strongly to bring about a comprehensive care for the patients. Conclusion: Significant psychiatric morbidity (>1/3 - 36%) associated with bone marrow transplantation was observed. This study indicates the importance of psychiatric intervention during the transplant procedure as well as pre-transplant psychiatric assessment and counselling regarding transplant procedure. Keywords: Psychiatric disorder, Adjustment disorder, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. References Andrykowski MA.Psychological factors in bone marrow transplantation: a review and recommendation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994; 13: 357-375, PrietoJM, BlanchJ, AtalaJ, CarrerasE, RoviraM, CireraE, et.al. Stem cell transplantation: risk factors for psychiatric morbidity. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42:514-20. Table. Table. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Nasution, Diandra Fakhira, and Muhammad Fathur Rahman. "Balkrishna Doshi’s Contribution to the Development of Contemporary Architecture in India." Jurnal Koridor 14, no. 1 (June 27, 2023): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/koridor.v14i1.11113.
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Balkrishna Doshi has more than 70 years as an architect contributing to hundreds of projects with the architectural firm he founded, Vāstu Shilpā Consultants, ranging from institutes, residences, art galleries, public spaces, and more. Doshi has also played a leading role as an educator, particularly in India. He founded the Vāstu Shilpā Foundation for Studies and Research in Environmental Design and the School of Architecture and Planning in Ahmedabad. With an understanding and appreciation of deep traditions in Indian character and architecture that he understood from childhood, regardless of local prefabrication and crafts, and developing a vocabulary that is in harmony with the history, culture, local traditions, and changing times in contemporary vernacular architecture in his home country, India.
Keywords: Balkrishna Doshi, Contemporary Vernacular Architecture, Low-Cost Housing, India.
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Jędrzejko, Paweł. "Translocality/Methodology. The Americas, or Experiencing the World." Review of International American Studies 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rias.10013.
Full textAbstract:
The Americas offer a peculiar stage for translocal methodologies. If we agree that the products of Chinese American culture—which, in the course of the last 170 years of interaction, has evolved into a unique, American, phenomenon—can not be labeled as “Made in China,” then contemporary Chinese medicine in the Americas cannot legitimately be perceived solely as an ‘import.’ Beyond doubt, phenomena such as the emergence of the American College of Traditional Chinese Medicine at the California Institute of Integral Studies testify to the fact that the once ‘exotic’ forms of therapy are now being granted a status parallel to those developed throughout the history of Western medicine. Increasingly, as translocal, they are becoming recognized as non-foreign elements of the glocal culture. Similarly, the exploration of the physical world, which, to an experienced dancer of Bharatanatyam, Odissi, or any other of the dominant forms of the classical Indian dance is an obvious function of his or her own experience of the ‘body-in-the-world,’ has, translocally, opened up an altogether new space of profound understanding of ourselves in our environment. It is not about the fashionable, politically correct, ‘openness to other cultures’; it is about the opening up to a parallel meditative experience of the “bodymind,” which neither excludes nor isolates the sphere of emotions from the reality of what-is-being-experienced. Or, to express it in terms more easily comprehensible to a Western reader, dance may prove to be a methodology (not just a method) serving the purpose of a more profound understanding of the complexity and unity of the universe, and a language to express this understanding. Making the most of available traditions might produce much greater benefits than remaining locked within just one, Western, Anglonormative, library of concepts. In the context of the ongoing debate on transnational American Studies, the article offers an insight into how the worldwide studies of the Americas and translocality intersect, and how such a perspective may contribute to the multifaceted process of the decolonization, understood both literally and intellectually.
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Wittje, Roland. "The Establishment of IIT Madras. German Cold War Development Assistance and Engineering Education in India — Das IIT Madras. Deutsche Entwicklungshilfe und indische Ingenieurausbildung im Kalten Krieg." Technikgeschichte 87, no. 4 (2020): 335–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0040-117x-2020-4-335.
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The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras was established between 1959 and 1974 with assistance of the Federal Republic of Germany, which was the largest West German enterprise in the field of technical education abroad. The support consisted of German experts for teaching and in setting up laboratories and workshops. In this article, I argue that the engagement of the Federal Republic at IIT Madras must be understood primarily as a political project. The Federal Republic saw itself in direct competition with the Soviet Union, but also with the USA and the UK, which in turn supported the establishment of the IITs in Bombay, Kanpur and Delhi. While West Germany’s engagement had initially been motivated by influencing India’s position on divided post-war Germany, this changed towards the end of the 1960s to the vested interest of German policymakers in long-term scientific and technical cooperation. The German assistance was reoriented, from workshop-based engineering education to setting up a technological research university. Planning and policy were guided by political premises, to which the educational and scientific aspects were subordinate, and German staff was controlled and restricted in its scientific freedom. The German faculty saw themselves confronted with implementing a project which had been politically predefined as a successful Indo-German collaboration, by establishing meaningful research and engineering training. As a case study, the article contributes to the important history of aid in technical educational as part of Westas well as East German development aid during the Cold War, which so far has received little if any attention among historians.
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Satya Sadhan Sarangi, Munlima Hazarika, Partha S Roy, Nithin D Raj, Partha P Medhi, and Anupam Sarma. "Assessment of the clinicodemographic parameters and treatment outcomes of locally advanced and metastatic lung cancer cases – A retrospective study from northeast India." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 7 (July 1, 2023): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v14i7.53237.
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Background: There are many lacunae in our current understanding of the shifting epidemiological trends of lung cancer as well as lack of data among Northeast Indian patients. Aims and Objectives: This study tried to assess the clinicodemographic and treatment outcomes of advanced lung cancer cases. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective hospital-based study. Patients with histopathologically confirmed locally advanced and metastatic lung cancer and were registered at Dr. Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute between January and December 2017 who were included in the study. A record was made of patient demographic-, clinical-, and treatment-related parameters. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were obtained. A two-tailed P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Majority of the patients were elderly males (median=60 years), with a history of smoking in three quarter of them. Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (94%) type was the most common histology. About 93% of patients presented with TNM stage IV disease. The most common palliative chemotherapy (CT) regimen used was taxanes and platinum doublet (n=24, 35%). With a median follow-up of 6 months (range 0–37), the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 8 months and 10 months, respectively. The median survival was significantly longer in patients younger than 60 years. (13 months; P=0.021) and in those with non-small-cell histology (10 months). Conclusion: In this audit of resource-limited population with advanced lung cancer, palliative CT remains the mainstay of treatment. There is a further need to improve the survival of these advanced cases in a cost-effective manner.
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Bansal, Veena, Abhishek Poddar, and R. Ghosh-Roy. "Identifying a Medical Department Based on Unstructured Data: A Big Data Application in Healthcare." Information 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10010025.
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Health is an individual’s most precious asset and healthcare is one of the vehicles for preserving it. The Indian government’s spend on healthcare system is relatively low (1.2% of GDP). Consequently, Secondary and Tertiary government healthcare centers in India (that are presumed to be of above average ratings) are always crowded. In Tertiary healthcare centers, like the All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), patients are often unable to articulate their problems correctly to the healthcare center’s reception staff, so that these patients to be directed to the correct healthcare department. In this paper, we propose a system that will scan prescriptions, referral letters and medical diagnostic reports of a patient, process the input using OCR (Optical Character Recognition) engines, coupled with image processing tools, to direct the patient to the most relevant department. We have implemented and tested parts of this system wherein a patient enters his symptoms and/or provisional diagnosis; the system suggests a department based on this user input. Our system suggests the correct department 70.19% of the time. On further investigation, we found that one particular department of the hospital was over-represented. We eliminated the department from the data and performance of the system improved to 92.7%. Our system presently makes its suggestions using random forest algorithm that has been trained using two information repositories-symptoms and disease data, functional description of each medical department. It is our informed assumption that, once we have incorporated medicine information and diagnostics imaging data to train the system; and the complete medical history of the patient, performance of the system will improve further.
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Sailor, Nisha. "Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis in gandhinagar: a demographic study." International Medical Healthcare 1, no. 1 (December 17, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.62908/imh.01.01.00007.
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Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is now globally accepted as an Indian disease. It has one of the highest rates of malignant transformation among potentially malignant oral lesions and conditions, therefore, a cause of concern for oral healthcare professionals. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of OSMF among betel nut chewers in different age groups in patients visiting Dental College and Hospital Gandhinagar, India. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients of OSMF visiting the dental outpatient clinic of the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Goenka research institute of dental sciences and dental camps over a period of 11 months (October 2022 to September 2023) were selected for the study. A detailed case history and clinical examination was carried out under visible light. The diagnosis of OSMF was based on difficulty in opening the mouth and associated blanched oral mucosa, with palpable fibrous bands. Other diagnostic features included burning sensation, increased salivation, decreased inter-incisal opening, tongue protrusion, habits, and associated malignant changes. Study was done on the basis of age group, area , mouth opening , and habit. Simple correlation analysis was performed. Results: Of the 100 cases of OSMF studied, 29 (29%) cases were stage II, 36 (36%) were stage III, 14 (14%) stage I, and 21(21%) stage IV. Based upon age group, group III (40-50 years) showed more prevalence than the others. Betel nut and Tobacco was a significant etiological factor (58%) as compared with other etiological factors. Conclusion: The high prevalence of OSMF requires significant awareness and management of these lesions among general population. Primary healthcare professionals and dentists should be knowledgeable and familiar with the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of these lesions.
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Mishra, Shubhankar. "Sanskrit as Medium of Cinematic Expression." Journal of Management & Public Policy 15, no. 1 (September 30, 2023): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47914/jmpp.2023.v15i1.005.
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This article is based on excerpts from address by Dr Shubhankar Mishra on the eve of World Sanskrit Day organized by Mahatma Gandhi Institute, Mauritius in collaboration with High Commission of India in Mauritius on 1 September 2023. His Excellency Prithvirajsing Roopun, President of Mauritius, graced the occasion as Chief Guest while Mrs K Nandini Singla High Commissioner of India in Mauritius was the guest of honour. In his address, Dr Mishra emphasized the significance Sanskrit as medium of cinematic expression while critiquing the evolution of Sanskrit cinema in India. Dr Mishra represents India in Mauritius as Deputy Secretary General at World Hindi Secretariat. He used the occasion to bolster the legacy of Sanskrit and emphasize the utility of this classical language in the post-modern world. Views of Dr Mishra hold ground as he has done Masters in Sanskrit from Delhi University and has undertaken doctoral research on representation of Sanskrit in Mass Media. He is also author of several books on Indian culture, art, and literature.
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Kashyap, Kritartha, Minakshi Dhar, Khushboo Bisht, Yogesh Bahurupi, and Monika Pathania. "Yoga therapy on elderly patients with fear of fall: an open-label randomised controlled trial (YOFEAR trial)." BMJ Open 13, no. 12 (December 2023): e070540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070540.
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IntroductionFear of fall is experienced by the elderly irrespective of the presence or absence of history of fall. Falls contribute to injuries that culminate in hospitalisation that incur unwarranted medical expenses. Yoga is unique to Indian cultural practices, with a potential to enhance proprioception. It increases self-body awareness, ultimately improving the balancing capacity of older adults. Thus, the objective of this study is to compare the effect of yoga therapy in the study and control groups at 12 weeks from the baseline.Methods and analysisThis study is designed as an open-label, randomised controlled trial (1:1) with a sample size of 62 elderly patients more than or equal to 60 years of age. Participation of either sex, male or female with a fear of fall will be considered. Two randomised groups of 31 participants each will receive standard therapy for their primary diseases as per the local, national or international guidelines. However, participants in the intervention arm will receive additional structured yoga therapy sessions. The primary objective of this study is to assess and compare the change in fear of fall score of participants in each group using Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) at 12 weeks versus baseline. The secondary endpoint will assess the change in the quality of life of participants at 3 months compared with the baseline.Data will be gathered, entered into Microsoft Excel and further analysed by R software (V.4.3.0). Changes in FES-Intervention and BBS of two groups will be compared either by Student’s t-test for parametric data or Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data. Statistical significance will be considered if p<0.05 at 95% confidence level.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study protocol (version 1.0, 22 April 2022) was obtained from the institute ethics committee (AIIMS/IEC/22/195).Trial registration numberCTRI/2022/06/043287.
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Paul, Tripureshwari, Shairan Shrawat, and Manish Kumar Asthana. "Mental health of Indian young adults during COVID-19." BOHR International Journal of General and Internal Medicine 2, no. 1 (2023): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijgim.2023.19.
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The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic stands as a global crisis that had severe repercussions on healthand society severely affecting mental health. Certain groups such as young adults were affected on a greaterpotency by the closure of educational institutes. Sudden social isolation and disconnectedness fueled affectiveand behavioral problems. In this paper, we discuss how COVID-19 has affected vulnerable undergraduate studentsin India. The responses were collected using standardized psychometric scales: Generalized Anxiety DisorderAssessment (GAD-7) and Centre for Epidemiological Studies−Depression (CES-D) for generalized anxiety andDepression respectively, (n= 1,038) from students pursuing bachelor’s degrees from different universities in India.On comparing the means, we find clinical anxiousness and depressive symptoms among 18.2% (n= 189) and25.3% (n= 263), respectively. It was found that there was an effect of gender on that led to increased anxietyand depression levels in higher education students. We also observed that the academic field in which they wereenrolled such as STEM or non-STEM also had an effect on their mental health. Significant depression scores werefound for seniors, juniors, and sophomores in comparison to freshmen, whereas for anxiety we found that seniorsand juniors had higher levels in comparison to freshmen and sophomores. Regression analysis further predictedthat increased anxiety was associated with individuals whose family or friends were diagnosed with COVID-19.Symptoms of depression were significantly low when people had regular interaction with friends and family andfollowed an active lifestyle. The study highlights the prevalence of severe anxiety and heightened depressivesymptoms among students. A pattern of gender difference was observed emphasizing the effect of societal gendernorms. Hence, the study finds that the young adult population of India requires immediate attention to formulatepolicies that can mitigate negative developments
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Raley, J. Michael, and Lauren R. Rippy. ""We Have a Right to Live in This Country": Reverend Moses Broyles and the Struggle for Social Justice and Racial Equality in Nineteenth-Century Indiana." Indiana Magazine of History 120, no. 1 (March 2024): 32–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/imh.00002.
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ABSTRACT: Rev. Moses Broyles (1826–1882) ranks as a leading figure in Indiana's African American religious, political, racial, educational, and legal history. Born a slave in Maryland, he was sold as a child to John Broyles of Paducah, Kentucky, from whom he purchased his freedom in 1854. Thence he moved to Lancaster, Indiana, where he enrolled at the Eleutherian Institute. In 1857, he relocated to Indianapolis and joined the Second Baptist Church. Recognizing his oratorical skills and spiritual leadership, its members soon called Broyles as their pastor. As a bi-vocational minister, Rev. Broyles also taught at a private school for African American children and helped integrate Indianapolis High School. He was a fierce opponent of slavery who demanded equal rights and privileges for African Americans as U.S. citizens. Later, he served as a statewide leader in the Republican Party of Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses S. Grant even as he challenged Indiana's anti-Black laws.
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Pradeep, A., and K. Patil. "Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Indian Insurance Sector, including Healthcare Companies." CARDIOMETRY, no. 23 (August 20, 2022): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.23.499508.
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This research aims to understand better the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) cases in the insurance industry, including healthcare companies. In particular, we want to expand the size and market penetration of AI in insurance markets to boost customer satisfaction in the insurance industry. The analytical model attempts to define the relationship between AI and its implementation in the insurance industry. Rigorous research to test the definition was carried out through a sample of international corporations and insurance firms. This work presents various practical findings that insurance companies consider quite useful when responding to dissatisfied customers and certain organizational concerns. This paper aims to identify the challenges and enablers that have evolved in the context of artificial intelligence adoption, specifically in the finance sector, and to analyze the impact of this disruptive technology on the organization’s financial performance and market capitalization. The findings indicate that, in addition to the various risks and challenges associated with artificial intelligence adoption, it is critical for all financial institutes or companies involved in financial tasks to adopt artificial intelligence to compete globally.
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Finkelstein, Julia L., Amy Fothergill, Christina B. Johnson, Heather M. Guetterman, Beena Bose, Shameem Jabbar, Mindy Zhang, et al. "Periconceptional surveillance for prevention of anaemia and birth defects in Southern India: protocol for a biomarker survey in women of reproductive age." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e038305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038305.
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IntroductionWomen of reproductive age (WRA) are a high-risk population for anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies. Evidence supports the role of periconceptional nutrition in the development of adverse pregnancy complications. However, in India, there are limited population-based data to guide evidence-based recommendations and priority setting. The objective of this study is to conduct a population-based biomarker survey of anaemia and vitamin B12 and folate status in WRA as part of a periconceptional surveillance programme in Southern India.MethodsWRA (15–40 years) who are not pregnant or lactating and reside within 50 km2 of our community research site in Southern India will be screened and invited to participate in the biomarker survey at our research facility at Arogyavaram Medical Centre. After informed consent/assent, structured interviews will be conducted by trained nurse enumerators to collect sociodemographic, dietary, anthropometry, health and reproductive history data. Venous blood samples will be collected at enrolment; whole blood will be analysed for haemoglobin. Plasma, serum and red blood cells (RBCs) will be processed and stored <−80°C until batch analysis. Vitamin B12 concentrations will be measured via chemiluminescence, and RBC and serum folate concentrations will be evaluated using the World Health Organisation (WHO)-recommended microbiological assay at our laboratory in Bangalore. A WHO surveillance system will also be established to determine the baseline prevalence of birth defects in this setting.Ethics and disseminationThis study has obtained clearance from the Health Ministry Screening Committee of the Indian Council of Medical Research. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at Cornell University and the Institutional Ethics Committees at Arogyavaram Medical Centre and St. John’s Research Institute. Findings from this biomarker survey will establish the burden of anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies in WRA and directly inform a randomised trial for anaemia and birth defects prevention in Southern India. The results of this study will be disseminated at international research conferences and as published articles in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numbersClinical trials registration number NCT04048330, NCT03853304 and Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) registration number REF/2019/03/024479.
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Amster, Matthew, Jérôme Rousseau, Atsushi Ota, Johan Talens, Wanda Avé, Johannes Salilah, Peter Boomgaard, et al. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 156, no. 2 (2000): 303–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003850.
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- Matthew Amster, Jérôme Rousseau, Kayan religion; Ritual life and religious reform in Central Borneo. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1998, 352 pp. [VKI 180.] - Atsushi Ota, Johan Talens, Een feodale samenleving in koloniaal vaarwater; Staatsvorming, koloniale expansie en economische onderontwikkeling in Banten, West-Java, 1600-1750. Hilversum: Verloren, 1999, 253 pp. - Wanda Avé, Johannes Salilah, Traditional medicine among the Ngaju Dayak in Central Kalimantan; The 1935 writings of a former Ngaju Dayak Priest, edited and translated by A.H. Klokke. Phillips, Maine: Borneo Research Council, 1998, xxi + 314 pp. [Borneo Research Council Monograph 3.] - Peter Boomgaard, Sandra Pannell, Old world places, new world problems; Exploring issues of resource management in eastern Indonesia. Canberra: Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University, 1998, xiv + 387 pp., Franz von Benda-Beckmann (eds.) - H.J.M. Claessen, Geoffrey M. White, Chiefs today; Traditional Pacific leadership and the postcolonial state. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1997, xiv + 343 pp., Lamont Lindstrom (eds.) - H.J.M. Claessen, Judith Huntsman, Tokelau; A historical ethnography. Auckland: Auckland University Press, 1996, xii + 355 pp., Antony Hooper (eds.) - Hans Gooszen, Gavin W. Jones, Indonesia assessment; Population and human resources. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1997, 73 pp., Terence Hull (eds.) - Rens Heringa, John Guy, Woven cargoes; Indian textiles in the East. London: Thames and Hudson, 1998, 192 pp., with 241 illustrations (145 in colour). - Rens Heringa, Ruth Barnes, Indian block-printed textiles in Egypt; The Newberry collection in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. Volume 1 (text): xiv + 138 pp., with 32 b/w illustrations and 43 colour plates; Volume 2 (catalogue): 379 pp., with 1226 b/w illustrations. - H.M.J. Maier, David T. Hill, Beyond the horizon; Short stories from contemporary Indonesia. Clayton, Victoria: Monash Asia Institute, 1998, xxxviii + 201 pp. - John N. Miksic, Helena A. van Bemmel, Dvarapalas in Indonesia; Temple guardians and acculturation, 1994, xvii + 249 pp. Rotterdam: Balkema. [Modern Quarternary Research in Southeast Asia 13.] - Remco Raben, Paul van Beckum, Adoe Den Haag; Getuigessen uit Indisch Den Haag. Den Haag: SeaPress, 1998, 200 pp. - Cornelia M.J. van der Sluys, Colin Nicholas, Pathway to dependence; Commodity relations and the dissolution of Semai society. Clayton: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, 1994, vii + 130 pp. [Monash Papers on Southeast Asia 33.] - David Stuart-Fox, Herman C. Kemp, Bibliographies on Southeast Asia. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1998, xvii + 1128 pp. - Sikko Visscher, Lynn Pan, The encyclopedia of the Chinese overseas. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1999, 399 pp. - Sikko Visscher, Jurgen Rudolph, Reconstructing identities; A social history of the Babas in Singapore. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998, 507 pp. - Edwin Wieringa, Perry Moree, ‘Met vriend die God geleide’; Het Nederlands-Aziatisch postvervoer ten tijde van de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie. Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 1998, 287 pp. - Edwin Wieringa, Monique Zaini-Lajoubert, L’image de la femme dans les littératures modernes indonésienne et malaise. Paris: Association Archipel, 1994, ix + 221 pp. [Cahiers d‘Archipel 24.]
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Parthasarathi, Prasannan. "Indian Labor History." International Labor and Working-Class History 82 (2012): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547912000208.
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The 1980s and 1990s were decades of great creativity in Indian labor history. The study of labor moved from a long-standing institutional focus on trade unions to a study of workers themselves, as well as from the economism and determinism that had characterized many previous writings. A growing interest in labor led to the first conference devoted to Indian labor history at the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam in 1995 and the founding of the Association of Indian Labour Historians the following year. The dynamism and the new intellectual horizons of Indian labor history in that period are captured in the work of three major historians: Dipesh Chakrabarty, Rajnarayan Chandavarkar, and Chitra Joshi. For the purposes of this essay, there is no need to review their contributions in detail (not least because such overviews may be found elsewhere), but it is nevertheless essential to provide a quick sketch of the arguments of each.
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Ēce, Kristīna. "Leipcigas un Lībencellas misijas: Hildegardes Procelas un Lilijas Otīlijas Grīviņas kalpošana." Ceļš 73 (December 2022): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/cl.73.02.
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Until the 19th century, women were not considered suitable for mission work. However, when Leipzig mission started its work in India, it came to the realization that to reach Indian women with the Gospel, women missionaries were needed. Soon, other German mission societies that sent missionaries to China, Indonesia and Africa also came to the same conclusion, opening the doors for ministry for the first women from Vidzeme (Livland). Baltic-German Hildegard Prozell, from Jaunmārupe, was sent in 1896 through Leipzig to India and Lilija Otilija Grīviņa, (in German Grihwin, Griwing, Griewing) from Riga, were sent in 1913 through Liebenzell to China. Each of these societies had different theological understandings about mission. Leipzig was based on the traditional Lutheran understanding of ministry and tried to create a universal Lutheran church worldwide, including in the mission fields. Liebenzell was the German branch of China Inland Mission, which was considered a “faith” mission that was more open to co-working with others. This impacted the way the mission societies selected their candidates, prepared them (a few months for Leipzig, 3–4 years for Liebenzell with male and female candidates training together), and sent them on the missions (solid salary for Prozell, not so with Grīviņa). Both missionaries had to learn the local languages and pass language exams. They both served as teachers, did evangelism with local women, and had to be administrators and local health care specialists. Prozell was the first to establish women’s work in Mayavaram, while Grīviņa was the first to take Chinese women to a local evangelism outreach (together with other teaching staff of the Hunan Bible Institute). Prozell, being a Baltic-German, received extensive support from her home church. Since her ministry took place before World War I, there are plenty of publications about her ministry in both Latvian and German newspapers in Riga. Grīviņa came from a humble background, going with almost no support, and as her ministry in China happened during WWI, there were almost no publications about her work. Both women have been equally forgotten in Latvian church history and deserve to be remembered.
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Cornell, Alice M., and Joy L. Gritton. "The Institute of American Indian Arts: Modernism and U. S. Indian Policy." Western Historical Quarterly 32, no. 1 (2001): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3650866.
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Joseph, Bobby. "PL06 DEVELOPMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE SETTING IN INDIA – LOOKING BACK OVER 25 YEARS TO INFORM THE FUTURE." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0007.
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Abstract That Occupational Health is a neglected field is a fact that has been discussed, deliberated and debated upon for many decades. In a developing country like India, where priorities in the delivery of preventive health services – whether publicly driven or privately promoted – the attention has always been focussed on several other aspects of public health including maternal and child health, family planning, infectious diseases and more recently non-communicable diseases. Occupational Health has always been given the short shrift – not only in the teaching of the subject at universities but also in the practice of medicine in hospitals. Authors have for long lamented about the absence of occupational history in patient records and the importance of the same. Evidently not much heed has been paid to Ramazzini’s circa 1700 plea to add that one more question: what occupation does he (the patient) follow? The International Labour Organisation identifies occupational health and safety as “the discipline dealing with the prevention of work-related injuries and diseases as well as the protection and promotion of the health of workers”. This definition lands the specialty directly into the laps of community health/medicine practitioners or those who were previously referred to specialists in “preventive and social medicine”. This term, probably, more accurately describes the mandate of a modern-day occupational health practitioner – if not elsewhere in the world, in developing nations. In India, wherever reference to Occupational Health is made in academic circles, it is considered to be the domain of Community Medicine – a subject that is a mandatory part of the course work leading to the award of the undergraduate MBBS degree. It was not surprising then that the Ross Institute of Occupational Health (a Unit of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) relocated from the tea-growing region of Jorhat in the state of Assam in Northeast India to the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine at St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore in South India. Though the exact reasons for this shift have been unclear, it was at the behest of South Indian plantations that a three-cornered link was created between the United Planters’ Association of Southern India (UPASI), the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine (now Community Health), St John’s Medical College (SJMC), Bangalore and the Ross Institute, London. The Occupational Health Unit (Ross Institute Unit of Occupational Health) was established at SJMC in July 1974. Fifty years ago, it was the first medical college with a division devoted to the health of the working population. During the initial years of its functioning, most of the work centered around the plantations in South India and to a smaller extent the agricultural sector in the rural field practice area of the College. This Unit went into decline within the first decade of its establishment – there are a number of reasons attributed to this fall; foremost among them being the loss of key personnel at all three organizations involved in the pioneering partnership. The Unit became practically non-functional in 1984. Following its resurrection, the Division is still one of the few providing occupational health services in any of the 700 medical colleges in the country. Almost fifteen years later, in 1997, it was serendipity that drew the author to the plantation sector. The focus of the health care services in the Estate Hospitals were on the provision of medical facilities for labouring mothers and their children; and on the provision of mandated housing, water supply and environmental sanitation. The health and welfare audits were initiated and developed with a focus on the preventive and promotive health services that were being provided by the Medical Officers of the tea estates. These are required by the Plantation Labour Act that governs the health and welfare services in the plantation sector. The concentration was on the provision of primary health care. These audits helped identify lacunae in the existing systems and provided solutions to the estate management. Over the years, the estates have ensured that health promotion, disease prevention and standards of treatment of common illnesses were maintained at the highest possible level. Despite facing challenges like falling prices of South Indian tea in the international auctions, the emigration of skilled workforce to other sectors and the immigration of uninitiated employees from East and Northeast India – the estates have succeeded in maintaining their superior primary health care indicators. The focus has now shifted to health and safety at the workplace. While initially these audits have been voluntarily employed by a few plantation companies to monitor the progress of their health services, others have also followed suit and ensured that the health, safety and welfare of the employees and their families are well taken care of. With decreasing absenteeism and the consequent improved productivity, companies have recognized the value of investing in the health of their employees. In the apparel manufacturing sector, the importance of investing in the health and welfare of employees was brought into focus in the 1990s by the growing concept of corporate social responsibility and was a direct reaction to the newfangled incursion of social compliance audits. This entire situation was an outcome of the outcry of university-going youth in the western world to the atrocious working conditions of employees in vendor factories in the global south manufacturing apparel for popular brands. The Department’s involvement started with the Occupational Health Services Division (no longer the Ross Institute Unit of Occupational Health) facilitating the establishment of functional crèches, canteens and clinics (3 Cs) for factories belonging to one large corporate organization in Bangalore. This caught the attention of international not-for-profit organizations which soon established links with the Occupational Health Services Division. Investing in the 3 Cs and promoting the health of employees through a peer education model were pioneering interventions that have found worldwide acceptance – thanks to the reach of our international partners. In recent years, the focus of our attention has shifted to the mental health of employees (and staff and management) – the investment in training and support provided to “lay counsellors” is already providing rich dividends to factories. Currently, research on the return-on-investment of these interventions is in progress. While dabbling with other occupational sectors, our third most significant sector has been the health care system. Starting with our own institution – St. John’s Medical College and its allied establishments (Hospital, Nursing College and Research Institute) employ more than 4000 individuals. The Staff Clinic is the fulcrum around which all the interventions are provided which include training in hospital health and safety, clinical services (care during acute illness and preventive health care including vaccinations) and environmental checks. “No survey without service” has been a long-standing dictum of the Department. In keeping with this, the published studies emanating from the Occupational Health Services Division have been rather muted. The reluctance of managements of our partnering companies to permit dissemination of data has also played its role in the relative paucity of published papers. Even so, small studies have been conducted and published – more in national and regional journals (where they are more relevant) and also in international publications. Our experiences over the past 25 years indicate that the initial focus on primary health care services makes for a better investment before moving on to occupational health and safety interventions. The faculty associated with the Occupational Health Services Division have made conscious efforts to teach Occupational Health to the undergraduate and postgraduate students – with specific focus on the lessons learnt in the field. Exposure visits to factories, plantations, mines and other work settings have given emphasis on the importance of occupational health and the impact of occupational exposures on health outcomes among employees. In a country where trained occupational health physicians are a rare breed, it is hoped that the training imparted to a small group of students will have a ripple-effect – calling to attention other medical colleges where the focus on the domain is poor. Simultaneously, drawing the attention of existing health care providers to basic occupational health services at the primary health care level both in the private and public health sectors through training programmes at the provincial level is the way forward.