Journal articles: 'Indian Hepaticae'

1

Singh, D. K., and Devendra Singh. "SaccogynidiumGrolle (Hepaticae: Geocalycaceae) – a new generic record for Indian Bryoflora." Journal of Bryology 31, no. 1 (March 2009): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/037366808x343711.

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Singh, Devendra, Sudipa Das, and Monalisa Dey. "Leptolejeunea subdentata Schiffn. Ex Herzog (Hepaticae: Lejeuneaceae) new to India." Indian Journal of Forestry 29, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2006-0fep9n.

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Leptolejeunea subdentata Schiffn. ex Herzog, a taxon so far known from China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam and Caledonia, has been described for the first time in Indian bryoflora from Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh.

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Verma, Praveen, and S. Srivastava. "Lejeunea tuberculosa Steph. (Hepaticae) from Nilgiri hills, Western Ghats." Indian Journal of Forestry 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 477–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2011-46912s.

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Lejeunea tuberculosa Steph. (Lejeuneaceae) has been recorded for the first time from peninsular India (Devala, Nilgiri hills). The species was earlier reported from Western as well as Eastern Himalayas. The species is easily separable from other 22 known Indian species of the genus in their perianth morphology which is ornamented by mammillose cells (tubercules) on the keel.

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Singh, Devendra, Monalisa Dey, and Devendra Singh. "Leptolejeunea Apiculata (Horik.) S. Hatt. (Hepaticae: Lejeuneaceae) new to Indian Bryoflora." Indian Journal of Forestry 33, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2010-8pj09n.

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Dey, Monalisa, Devendra Singh, and Devendra Singh. "Two more additions to Indian Cololejeunea (Hepaticae: Lejeuneaceae) from West Sikkim." Indian Journal of Forestry 33, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2010-5n9rv7.

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Two species of Cololejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn., viz. C. macounii (Spruce ex Underw.) A. Evans, an Asian-North American disjunct, and C. ocellata (Horik.) Benedix, an East Asian species, are described for the first time in Indian bryoflora from West district of Sikkim.

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Dey, Monalisa, Devendra Singh, and Devendra Singh. "Lejeunea eifrigii Mizut. (Hepaticae: Lejeuneaceae) – A new record for Indian Bryoflora from Sikkim." Indian Journal of Forestry 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2007-gc2cf0.

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Lejeunea eifrigii Mizut., earlier known from China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea and Philippines, has been described and illustrated for the first time in Indian bryoflora from Rate Chhu in East Sikkim.

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Singh, Devendra, Devendra Singh, and Adarsh Kumar. "Notoscyphus Darjeelingensis Var. Sikkimensis, Var. Nov. (Hepaticae: Jungermanniaceae) from Sikkim, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2010-7ws098.

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A new variety, Notoscyphus darjeelingensis Udar & A. Kumar var. sikkimensis D. Singh, D.K. Singh and A. Kumar is described from Sikkim, India. It differs from the typical variety in having underleaves 0.30 – 0.60 mm long, 0.20 – 0.35 mm wide with the lobes 5 – 13 cells long, 4 – 6 cells wide at base bearing 1 – 2 teeth on each side, or occasionally 3 teeth on any side, of its margin and with repeated 1-2 subfloral innovations. Key to the hitherto known Indian taxa of the genus is provided.

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Dey, Monalisa, and Devendra Singh. "Caudalejeunea lehmanniana (Gottsche) A. Evans (Hepaticae: Lejeuneaceae) – A new record for Indian Bryoflora from Lohit district, Arunachal Pradesh." Indian Journal of Forestry 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-yo25of.

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Caudalejeunea lehmanniana (Gottsche) A. Evans, earlier known from China, Africa, North and South America, has been described and illustrated for the first time in Indian bryoflora from Madhuban (Namsai) in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh. A key to the Indian species of genus Caudalejeunea (Steph.) Schiffn. has been provided.

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Dey, Monalisa, Devendra Singh, and Devendra Singh. "Some new and noteworthy records of Hepaticae from Eastern Himalaya, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 669–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-3rq71x.

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Fifty one taxa of liverworts, belonging to 20 genera and 13 families, have been recorded from Eastern Himalaya, India. Of these, Herbertus armitanus (Steph.) H.A. Mill., H. longispinus J.B. Jack & Steph., Lejeunea sordida (Nees) Nees, Stenolejeunea apiculata (Sande Lac.) R.M. Schust. and Riccia haskarliana Steph. are new to India, Heteroscyphus palniensis Abha Srivast. & S.C. Srivast., Frullania muscicola Steph. var. inuena (Steph.) Kamim. and Riccia stricta (Lindenb.) Perold are new to the Himalayan region, Heteroscyphus orbiculatus Abha Srivast. & S.C. Srivast. and Lopholejeunea sikkimensis Steph. var. tenuicostata Sushil K. Singh & D.K. Singh are new to the Eastern Himalayan region, 13 species and one variety are new to the State of Sikkim,14 species and one subspecies are new to Arunachal Pradesh, whereas two species have been recorded for the first time from the State of West Bengal. The rest are common between either two of the three States in the region. This also constitutes the first record of the genus Stenolejeunea R.M. Schust. in Indian bryoflora.

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10

Chandra, Shaila. "Bryophytic remains from the early Permian sediments of India." Journal of Palaeosciences 43, no. 1-3 (December 31, 1994): 16–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1994.1173.

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Bryophytic fossil remains in the Permian Gondwana formations are extremely rare. The rarity of fossil bryophytes is generally attributed to their delicate nature and small size of the plants. Fossil bryophytes so far reported are few as compared to vascular plants but they have been adequately recorded to indicate early existence of mosses and liverworts. It is also likely that bryophytes have just not been recognized in ancient sediments by palaeobotanists and they may not be so rare as are believed today. Most of the fossil specimens reported from India as bryophytes are either doubtful records or unidentifiable up to generic level, Indian Permian reports are considered doubtful while Triassic and younger records are not so meagre and are reasonably well reported. It is for the first lime a good assemblage of bryophytes has been recovered from the Early Permian sediments of India as impressions along with the typical Glossopteris flora. Both the groups Hepaticae and Musci are represented by newly designated form genera and species. The assemblage is represented by an indeterminate genus - Bryothallites talchirensis, hepatic genus- Hepaticites umariaensis, and three moss genera- Talchirophyllites indicus, Saksenaphyllites saksenae and Umariaphyllites acutus. Remarks on the naming of the fossil bryophytes, their probable possibility of preservation, spore distribution, probable habitat and evolutionary aspects also have been given and discussed.

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11

Panduranga, C., Ranjit Kangle, Rajshree Badami, and Prakash V. Patil. "Meckel-Gruber syndrome: Report of two cases." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 03, no. 01 (January 2012): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.91943.

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ABSTRACTMeckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by a combination of renal cysts and variably associated with features including developmental anomalies of the central nervous system (typically encephalocele), hepatic ductal dysplasia, cysts, and polydactyly. It is a rare syndrome with highest incidence in Gujarati Indians and Finnish population. We report two such cases of MKS in non-Gujarati Indian which were diagnosed by neonatal autopsy.

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12

Pant, Sapana, S.D. Tewari, Prachi Joshi, Manisha Bhandari, and Richa Arya. "Rediscovery of Sewardiella tuberifera Kash., a long-lost monotypic endemic Indian liverwort." Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, no. 2 (February 26, 2023): 22726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7981.15.2.22726-22730.

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An extremely rare, long-lost, monotypic endemic, Indian liverwort, Sewardiella tuberifera Kash. has recently been recollected after a gap of over three-and-a-half decades from an altogether new location, the Mukteshwar region (2,171 m) of Nainital district in the Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand. The remarkable rediscovery of this monotypic, endemic Himalayan liverwort is a significant finding for the world’s bryological treasure. Along with other rare Himalayan monotypic endemics such as Aitchisoniella himalayensis Kash. and Stephensoniella brevipedunculata Kash., the currently located sporiferous population of Sewardiella was discovered persisting in small, dispersed, sparse patches with 5–30 individuals. The currently spotted collection site is being considered a ‘bryological hotspot’. As the area develops as a popular ecotourism destination, the original habitat of these hepatics in a lime stone-dominated, south-west facing, unstable sloppy site at Mukteshwar is under constant pressure from several developmental activities. Hence, serious conservation steps are needed to protect this hotspot supporting Himalayan bryophyte jewels. To ensure long term perpetuation and conservation of red-listed hepatic taxa, an attempt is being made to translocate part of the population to ecologically and climatically identical safer site, including a developing ‘moss garden’ at Lingadhar (Nainital).

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13

Berentsen, Are R., Scott Vogt, Antenor N. Guzman, Daniel S. Vice, William C. Pitt, Aaron B. Shiels, and Terry R. Spraker. "Capillaria hepatica infection in black rats (Rattus rattus) on Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 27, no. 2 (February 17, 2015): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638715573298.

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14

Cawich, Shamir O., Alexander Sinanan, Maria Gosein, Neil Pearce, Rahul Deshpande, Fawwaz Mohammed, Vijay Naraynsingh, Maurice Fortune, and Fidel Rampersad. "An Investigative Study of Hepatic Arterial Anomalies in a West Indian Population." Radiology Research and Practice 2021 (October 15, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9201162.

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Purpose. There are many known variations in the arterial supply to the liver. We sought to document the incidence and details of anomalies of the extrahepatic arteries in an unselected population in the West Indies. Methods. This study spanned 24 months. All 205 CT scans were evaluated at a hepatobiliary referral center in Trinidad and Tobago. We described the anomalies of the arterial supply to the liver using the conventional classification proposed by Michels. Results. 205 CT scans were evaluated, and 112 persons (54.6%) had conventional Type 1 anatomy. However, compared to the incidence in the existing medical literature, we encountered a greater incidence of replaced right hepatic arteries (18.1% vs 11%; P 0.04 ) and a lower incidence of accessory right hepatic arteries (2.4% vs 7%; P 0.030 ). Conclusion. Although 54.6% of persons in this West Indian population have conventional hepatic arterial supply, the distribution of anatomic variants of the right hepatic artery is quite different to that seen in North American and European centers. We found a higher incidence of replaced right hepatic arteries and a lower incidence of accessory right hepatic arteries.

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15

Chitra, R., E. Vadivel, and K. Rajamani. "Estimation of Anti-hepatic Viral Compounds in Phyllanthus amarus in vitro Cultures." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v3i1.598.

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Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn (Euphorbiaceae) is recognized commonly as 'Bhumyamlaki' in the Indian system of medicine and has been traditionally used for treating a variety of ailments, including hepatic disorders. Anti-hepatic viral compounds such as phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin were evaluated in different types of in vitro cultures of Phyllanthus amarus by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Among the cultures, in vitro plantlets regenerating from the nodal segment recorded higher amounts of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin.

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16

Sanjeev, Rama Krishna, Seema Kapoor, Manisha Goyal, Rajiv Kapur, and Joseph Gerard Gleeson. "Molar Tooth Sign with Deranged Liver Function Tests: An Indian Case with COACH Syndrome." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/385910.

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We report the first genetically proven case of COACH syndrome from the Indian subcontinent in a 6-year-old girl who presented with typical features of Joubert syndrome along with hepatic involvement. Mutation analysis revealed compound heterozygous missense mutation in the known geneTMEM67(also called MKS3).

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Nayak, Baibaswata, Suraj Kumar Nongthombam, Neelanjana Roy, Neeti Nadda, Krishnendu Mondol, Virendra Kumar, Prasenjit Das, Perumal Vanamail, Dr Shalimar, and Subrat Kumar Acharya. "Hepatic and Systemic Effect of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity in Obese and Non-Obese Indian Patients." Integrative Gastroenterology and Hepatology 1, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18314/igh.v1i1.1405.

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Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now predominant globally due to increased sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Recently, high prevalence of NAFLD also has been documented in non-obese individuals with increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The systemic and hepatic manifestations of NAFLD severity in obese and non-obese Indian patients are not clear.Methods: The clinically diagnosed NAFLD patients (n=54, non-obese and obese) were assessed for liver injury and hepatic fat content by histopathology, Fibroscan and MRS. Liver biopsy and hepatic venous sampling were performed by trans-jugular approach and mRNA expression was assessed by real-time PCR.Result: High liver fat content (LFC, 20. 4 ± 10. 4%, 16 ± 11. 5% and 9. 34 ± 15. 4%) and increased abdominal obesity (WHR, 1. 03 ± 0. 06, 0. 97 ± 0. 05 and 0. 93 ± 0. 06) was observed in both obese and non-obese NAFLD patients as compare to disease control. Histopathological examination of liver indicated increased fibrosis (grade ≥ 1) in both obese (76%) and non-obese (64%) group. Significant increased levels of LBP, MDA and adipokines levels (p < 0. 001) were observed in hepatic and systemic circulation of obese and non-obese groups than healthy and diseased controls. A positive correlation of biomarkers for liver injury was found between hepatic and systemic circulation. Hepatic gene expression of adipokines and cytokines also corroborated this trend among groups.Conclusion: The extent of liver injury is quite high in both non-obese and obese NAFLD patients. The drivers of injury in these patients are due to hepatic fat and SIBO induced endotoxin mediated up-regulation of proinflammatory adipocytokines and oxidant stress in liver.

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Sarkar, Krishnendu, Avik Sarkar, and Manish K. Singh. "A Case Series on Transarterial Embolization in Treatment of Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm (Indian perspective) - our experience in a Single Institute (Centre of Excellence)." Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth 17, no. 1 (2024): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_747_23.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the role of transarterial embolization in hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm (HAP) in the Indian population with an analysis of cases done in our hospital in 1 year. Materials and Methods: We searched our database on the computer of the School of Digestive and Liver Disease (SDLD) for cases of HAP within the last 1 year (from May 2021 to April 2022) and then reviewed in detail, examining causes, clinical data, laboratory data, treatment given, and any intervention and if yes then its complications and outcome. We then analyzed all the data from the perspective of the Indian population and compared them with those of previous literature. Result: Eight patients of HAP were found during investigations, who were admitted to SDLD. Another two patients were referred from another department to GI Radiology of SDLD. Causes were identified as blunt trauma abdomen, chronic pancreatitis, liver biopsy, and liver abscess, with blunt trauma being the most common cause. We found two HAPs in the extra-hepatic location, whereas in the rest of the cases, it was intra-hepatic. Among them, the left hepatic artery was involved in one patient and the right hepatic artery was involved in two patients. All the patients were evaluated carefully by both ultrasonography (USG) and tri-phasic computed tomography of the liver. We successfully embolized all of the total 10 patients of HAP in the last 1 year; however, one patient died due to sepsis. Each patient was followed up by USG. Conclusion: HAP is a complication related to blunt injury abdomen, pancreatitis, and post-surgical cases, which should be treated promptly. It can be deadly if left untreated. Successful and prompt intervention can provide good outcomes for these patients and prevent rupture-related complications.

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Teo, Yeow Kwan, and Ai Ching Kor. "Neurologic Manifestation as Initial Presentation in a Case of Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia." Clinical Medicine Insights: Case Reports 3 (January 2010): CCRep.S4749. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ccrep.s4749.

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Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT), or Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome is an uncommon autosomal dominant multi-organ condition of vascular dysplasias. We describe a 19 year old Indian female who presented with cerebral abscess secondary to paradoxical emboli from pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) associated with HHT. Cerebral, pulmonary, hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement can be life-threatening and it is important to have lifelong follow-ups on these patients.

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Malviya, Kapil Kumar, Ashish Verma, Amit Kumar Nayak, Anand Mishra, and Raghunath Shahaji More. "Unraveling Variations in Celiac Trunk and Hepatic Artery by CT Angiography to Aid in Surgeries of Upper Abdominal Region." Diagnostics 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 2262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122262.

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Understanding of variations in the course and source of abdominal arteries is crucial for any surgical intervention in the peritoneal space. Intricate surgeries of the upper abdominal region, such as hepato-biliary, pancreatic, gastric and splenic surgeries, require precise knowledge of regular anatomy and different variations related to celiac trunk and hepatic artery. In addition, information about the origin of inferior phrenic artery is important in conditions such as hepatocellular carcinoma and gastroesophageal bleeding management. The present study gives an account of anatomical variations in origin and branching pattern of celiac trunk and hepatic artery by the use of CT (computed tomographic) angiography. The study was performed on 110 (66 females and 44 males) patients in a north Indian population. Results unraveled the most common celiac trunk variation as hepatosplenic trunk with left gastric artery, which was observed in 60% of cases, more common in females than in males. Gastrosplenic and hepato-gastric trunk could be seen in 4.55% and 1.82% cases respectively. Gastrosplenic trunk was more commonly found in females, whereas hepato-gastric trunk was more common in males. A gastrosplenic trunk, along with the hepato-mesenteric trunk, was observed in 1.82% cases and was more common in males. A celiacomesenteric trunk, in which the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery originated as a common trunk from the aorta, was seen only in 0.91% of cases, and exhibited an origin of right and left inferior phrenic artery from the left gastric artery. The most common variation of hepatic artery, in which the right hepatic artery was replaced and originated from the superior mesenteric artery, was observed in 3.64%, cases with a more common occurrence in males. In 1.82% cases, the left hepatic artery was replaced and originated from the left gastric artery, which was observed only in females. Common hepatic artery originated from the superior mesenteric artery, as observed in 1.82% cases, with slightly higher occurrence in males. These findings not only add to the existing knowledge apart from giving an overview of variations in north Indian population, but also give an account of their correlation with gender. The present study will prove to be important for various surgeries of the upper abdominal region.

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Kumar, Arjun, Satyam Khare, Shilpi Jain, Manu Gupta, and Yashika Sharma. "A MDCT study on the analysis of Coeliac trunk and its branching pattern in the north Indian population." Journal of Anatomical Sciences 29, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46351/jas.v29i1pp24-33.

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Introduction: The coeliac trunk, which emerges from the AA at the level of T12-L1 vertebra immediately before the aortic hiatus, is the first anterior branch. The left stomach artery is the first branch, and the coeliac trunk divides into the common hepatic and splenic arteries. It divides into three branches: the left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, and splenic artery. Materials and methods: Hundred patients (aged 18 to 70) referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Subharti Medical College & Hospital, Meerut, and neighbouring Imaging Centers in the NCR underwent the cross-sectional study (MDCT). From August 2019 to October 2022, MDCT scan images of the abdomen region were examined for the normal anatomy of the coeliac trunk and its branches to determine their changes and type. Results: According to Uflacker's classification, type-1 coeliac trunk branching pattern is the most frequently observed variant in the current study, whereas type-2 is the least frequently observed variety. In 2% of the population, there are variations in the type-1 coeliac trunk, such as the gastroduodenal artery and accessory hepatic artery that immediately emerge from the coeliac trunk. Common hepatic artery emerging from superior mesenteric artery in 2% of the population of type-5 variant. Left gastric artery takes a distinct origin from the abdominal aorta in 1% of type-6 coeliac trunks. Conclusions: The most prevalent coeliac trunk branching pattern linked with other variations is type -1 variety. Each variation is distinct, and the carelessness of a combination of such variances may pose a serious risk and result in fatal complications. Understanding the coeliac trunk branching pattern precisely is crucial. Keywords: Coeliac trunk (CT), Abdominal aorta (AA), Multidetector computerised tomography (MDCT), Common hepatic artery (CHA), Uflackers Classification.

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Gaikwad, Mrinalini. "Porta hepatis in relation to portal vein among Indians." Bioinformation 18, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630018630.

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The porta hepatis / hilum of liver is a transverse fissure located in the inferior surface, where the major vessels and ducts enter or leave the organ. The major structures traversing the porta hepatis are the portal vein, the hepatic artery and the hepatic duct. Porta hepatis is an area of surgical and radiological significance. The knowledge of variations in structures traversing the porta hepatitis will reduce the risk of surgeries involving this area. Study was conducted in the department of anatomy dissection lab after obtaining ethical clearance. 30 liver specimens were used for these studies which were removed from the cadaver during under graduate teaching. Anatomical knowledge of variations in relations of structures present in porta hepatis is of immense help to surgeons and radiologists when they engage patients for clinical procedures like liver transplant, cholecystectomy and diagnostic procedures. Hence this study was aimed to observe the relations of portal vein in porta hepatis.

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Verma, Sunita. "Chemical constituents and pharmacological action of Ocimum sanctum (Indian holy basil-Tulsi)." Journal of Phytopharmacology 5, no. 5 (October 17, 2016): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2016.5507.

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The plant of Oscimum sanctum commonly known as “Tulsi”, belong to Lamiaceae family. It is an erect, much branched, fragrant and erected plant attaining a height of about 20-50 cm. Different parts of the plant are used in Ayurveda and Siddha systems of medicine for prevention and cure of many illnesses like cough, influenza, common cold, headache, fever, colic pain, bronchitis, asthma, hepatic diseases, fatigue, skin diseases, arthritis, digestive disorders. The present paper is an attempt to provide a detailed botanical description, taxonomy, traditionally used and various pharmacological activity study of the plant.

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S, Pandit. "Effect of Indian Herbal Formulation on Hepatomegaly: An Evidence Based Case Report." Advances in Pharmacology and Clinical Trials 8, no. 4 (October 10, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000227.

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Enlargement of the liver, or hepatomegaly, occurs due to fatty liver disease, liver abscess, hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and carcinoma. Clinical diagnosis and PET CT scan revealed hepatomegaly with abscess in a 60-year-old male patient with a history of left laparoscopic radial nephrectomy due to cancer. The patient’s blood contained somewhat elevated levels of hepatic enzymes, including gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and alanine transaminase (ALT), which were indicative of damage to the liver cells. Diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and viral hepatitis were not reported. For a period of 12 weeks, the patient consumed oral Body Revival® liquid (BR) at a dose of 5 ml on alternate days. Physical, clinical, and laboratory examinations were conducted every four weeks. The patient’s liver enzymes were found to be within normal range following a 12-week course of BR treatment, and a CT scan examination showed that the patient’s liver had neither a confluent nor an abscess. At that time, there were no signs of liver abscess, hepatomegaly, or NAFLD.The patient had a full recovery after receiving Body Revival®.

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Sathavane, Geeta Vishwanath, Shweta Patil, Arun Wankhede, and Ankush Dikondwar. "Hepatoprotective action of some Ayurvedic drugs: A review." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 14, no. 2 (July 3, 2023): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v14i2.3458.

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Yakrut is the Ayurvedic name for liver. It is involved in several physiological processes in the body, including metabolic activities, secretory, retention, purification, and elimination of foreign and endogenous materials. As a result, any impairment or degradation of its functionality leads to a wide range of liver problems. The principal hepatic illnesses that cause a high fatality rate include hepatotoxicity, jaundice, and hepatitis. Liver problems are still a growing health problem around the world. The treatment of liver problems using traditional or synthetic medications is ineffective and can have major negative impact.Ayurvedic herbal medicines, on the other hand, have a variety of possible benefits in liver diseases, despite the absence of a proven hepatoprotective medication in modern medicine. A variety of hepatoprotective herbs have been identified. In this review paper, we have attempted to collect and consolidate information on hepatoprotective herbs that will be useful in the Indian medical system. Keywords- Hepatoprotetive plants, Liver, Indian systems of medicine, Yakrut, Herbal drugs

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Shivdas, Dholekar, and A. Z. Abzhaparova. "STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION IN ODISHA STATE OF INDIA (2021-2022)." Вестник Ошского государственного университета. Медицина, no. 1(1) (June 16, 2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52754/16948831_2023_1(1)_4.

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Viruses has a more impact on a human population. Hepatitis means the inflammation of the liver; it’s most commonly affected by the viruses. The hepatic viruses consist of A, B, C, D, E. The hepatic viruses A and E are spread by Faeco-oral route and B, C, D are spread by parenteral route. And recorded as the major cause of hepatitis . All types of viral hepatitis are seen in indian population. WHO recommends HB vaccination at birth to tackle the burden of hepatitis B. Among which the Odisha state in the eastern part of India is most prevalent to hepatitis b viral infection the most common reason of it is Odisha consist of the 1/3 rd of the tribal population of the India. We show the comparison between the tribes and the particularly vulnerable tribal population.

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Putta, Tharani, Reetu Amrita John, Anu Eapen, Anuradha Chandramohan, Betty Simon, Manbha L. Rymbai, and Philip Joseph. "Computed Tomography Evaluation of the Arterial Supply to Segment 4 of the Liver." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 8 (August 24, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcis.jcis_24_18.

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Introduction: In a setting of living-donor liver transplant and patients undergoing extended hepatic resections for both primary and metastatic liver tumors, preoperative assessment of hepatic arterial anatomy is very important because of the risk of ischemic complications in the event of inadvertent injury to the arterial supply. Anatomical variations in hepatic arterial supply to the liver are very common and seen in nearly half the population. Identifying anomalous origin of segment 4 hepatic artery is vital since this vessel can cross the transection plane and can result in liver ischemia and liver failure. The purpose of our study is to study the variations in hepatic arterial anatomy to segment 4 of the liver in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 637 consecutive computed tomography (CT) angiograms over a period of 1 year was performed, and we analyzed the arterial supply to segment 4 of the liver. Results: We found that the arterial supply to segment 4 of the liver originated from left hepatic artery (LHA) in majority of cases, 76.3%. LHA along with the accessory LHA supplied this segment in 6.4%, whereas the accessory LHA solely supplied this segment in 0.4%. The right hepatic artery (RHA) was seen to supply this segment in 10.2%. Dual supply with branches from the RHA and LHA was seen in 6.6% of patients. Conclusion: Preoperative mapping of segment 4 hepatic arterial supply using CT angiography will act as a roadmap to surgeons as they attempt to carefully dissect and preserve this segments' arterial supply. Depending on the anatomical variation, surgical techniques will vary to ensure safety of segment 4 arterial supply.

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Sharma, Sonia. "Failure to Thrive, Jaundice, and Polyuria in Early Infancy: Common Presentation with an Uncommon Lethal Etiology." Journal of Pediatric Genetics 09, no. 03 (November 11, 2019): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700802.

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AbstractA 5-month-old female infant from a consanguineous Indian Muslim family presented with polyuria, polydipsia, failure to thrive, impaired renal function, and neonatal hepatitis of unknown cause at 1 month of age. Clinical exome testing revealed renal–hepatic–pancreatic dysplasia caused by homozygous c. 1985 + 5G > A pathogenic variations in NPHP3. Our case illustrates delay in confirmatory diagnosis of such rare disorders in our region due to the lack of suspicion and unawareness of the availability of genetic testing even when there are no cost constraints.

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Silva, Paulo Cesar, Nelson Jamel, Ricardo Antonio Refinetti, Eduardo Ferreira Manso, and Alberto Schanaider. "Development of blood vessels of the greater omentum in the hepatic lobe after vascular ligation: an experimental model in the rats." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 21, no. 6 (December 2006): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502006000600011.

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PURPOSE: To verify the development of blood vessels between the greater omentum and the liver in the presence of distinct liver blood intake blockages. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty conventional male Wistar rats were used, divided into 5 groups: control (n=35), laparotomy (n=35); hepatic artery ligature (n=70), ligature of the right-hand branch of the portal vein (n=70); and ligature of both blood vessels (n=70). The last three groups were divided into two subgroups each (n=35), according to the presence or absence of the transposition of the greater omentum onto the right hepatic lobe. The postoperative periods were 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. At the end of each period, the greater omentum and right hepatic lobe were collected for histopathological examination. The presence of blood vessels between the referred tissues was verified by the administration of Indian ink as a marker of vascular lumen. RESULTS: Macroscopic and microscopic observation and the dye marker demonstrated the distribution of blood vessels between the greater omentum and liver tissues. CONCLUSION: The greater omentum was capable of developing blood vessels when fixed to the parenchyma of the liver after the suppression of hepatic blood flow.

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Briones Montero, Andrea, Ivonne Salazar Rodríguez, Gonzalo Suárez Veirano, Peter Geldhof, and Daniel Zárate Rendón. "Prevalencia y carga parasitaria mensual de nematodos gastrointestinales y Fasciola hepatica en bovinos lecheros de dos distritos del Valle del Mantaro, Junín, Perú." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 31, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): e17819. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v31i2.17819.

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El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y carga parasitaria mensual de nematodos gastrointestinales y Fasciola hepatica en bovinos lecheros de los distritos Nueve de Julio y Matahuasi de el Valle del Mantaro (Junín, Perú), así como los factores epidemiológicos asociados a estas parasitosis. Se recolectaron muestras mensuales de heces de 11 establos lecheros de cada distrito durante un año. Las muestras fueron analizadas con la técnica de Dennis modificado para la detección y conteo de huevos de F. hepatica y la técnica McMaster modificada para los huevos de nematodos. Se utilizó la prueba de regresión logística mixta para evaluar las variables distrito, época del año, sistema de alimentación, edad, temperatura, precipitación y humedad como posibles factores de riesgo. La prevalencia promedio mensual en Matahuasi y Nueve de Julio para nematodos gastrointestinales fue de 24.5 y 30.3%, con cargas mensuales de 118.3 y 87.4 hpg, y para F. hepatica de 69.8 y 46.6%, con cargas mensuales de 7.5 y 3 hpg, respectivamente. Los resultados indican que la nematodiasis gastrointestinal y fasciolosis hepática son endémicos en la zona. La presencia de nematodos está significativamente asociado al incremento de temperatura y la edad, siendo las terneras la población más susceptible, mientras que la fasciolasis está relacionada con el incremento de temperatura y precipitación, y la época del año, siendo significativamente mayor en época seca. Así mismo, se encontró una relación significativa entre la presencia de F. hepatica y el distrito de procedencia, siendo el riesgo de infección significativamente mayor en Matahuasi.

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Roy, Kuhu, and Uma Iyer. "Assessment of quality of life of type 2 diabetes patients with newly diagnosed non alcoholic fatty liver disease using quality of life instrument for Indian diabetes patients." Journal of Social Health and Diabetes 02, no. 02 (December 2014): 087–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-0656.130793.

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Abstract Introduction: Non alcoholic fatty liver disease is emerging as a public health problem among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. It has an impact on quality of life, which is meagrely explored. Aim: To assess quality of life of type 2 diabetes patients with newly diagnosed non alcoholic fatty liver disease. Materials and Methods: Confirmed cases of newly diagnosed non alcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 55) were enrolled. Clinical, anthropometric and medical profiles were assessed. Quality of life was assessed with the help of quality of life instrument for Indian diabetes patients. Results: Weight (P = 0.005) and body mass index (P 0.008) in grade 3 hepatic steatosis were higher than grade 2 steatosis. Physical health deteriorated from grade 1 to grade 3 hepatic steatosis. The mean likert scores decreased significantly (P 0.000) from grade 2 to grade 3 and between grade 1 and grade 3 (P 0.0014) hepatic steatosis in the physical endurance domain. Perceptions regarding general health and treatment satisfaction revealed existing loopholes in the health system and one′s general attitude towards health. The dietary domain was marked with gross dissatisfaction amongst most with hepatic steatosis with a significant reduction in mean likert scale score between grade 1 and grade 2 (P 0.012) of hepatic steatosis. Conclusions: Modifiable domains of quality of life should be addressed as a core component of standard care in newly diagnosed non alcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus to avert future cardiac and hepatic events.

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Anandhi, P. G., and V. N. Alagavenkatesan. "Anatomical variations in the extra hepatic biliary system: a cross sectional study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 4 (March 28, 2018): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20181294.

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Background: The anatomy of the biliary system has been the subject of extended research for many years. Largely because of their surgical importance in cholecystectomies and the ease with which they may be studied. Though, interest has been focused on the extrahepatic bile ducts very few studies have been carried out in the Indian subcontinent. Objectives was to study the anatomical variations in extrahepatic biliary system in sample of Indian cadaveric specimens.Methods: The study material consisted of 20 adult dissection room cadavers and 30 enbloc post-mortem specimens. Cadaver specimens were studied from dissection room. Post-mortem enbloc specimens were collected from the Department of Forensic Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai. They were studied by conventional dissection method.Results: The key abnormalities found in all bladder were Hartman's pouch shape and neck in 2 (4%) subjects each. Gallstones were present in 2 (4%) subject. The length of the common Bile duct was ranging from as short as 6.5 cm in 24% of the subjects to 9cm in 4% of the subjects. High level of the cystic duct union with the common hepatic duct was noted in16% of specimens and in remaining 2% it was low union. Abnormal arrangement of structures in hepatoduodenal duct was normal in 98% but was abnormal in 2% of subjects. A total of 14% of the specimens had accessory ducts. Double and accessory cystic artery was found in 2% of the subjects each. In 8% of the subjects, cystic artery had abnormal course and division. The right hepatic artery was had shown abnormal course and division in 4% of the subjects. Abnormal boundaries of Calot’s triangle was found in 2% of the subjects. Abnormal contents of Calot’s triangle include Accessory hepatic ducts in 10% of subjects.Conclusions: Anatomical variations of the extrahepatic biliary system are very common and a through an understanding of them is essential for surgeons to avoid damage to vital structures during surgical procedures and better surgical outcomes.

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P, Mathew. "Autoimmune Hepatitis-Profile and Response to Treatment in Indian Patients." Gastroenterology & Hepatology International Journal 4, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ghij-16000159.

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Introduction: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can have varied manifestations, commonest presentation being as chronic liver disease. The data on the disease profile in India is scanty compared to the West. Aim: To study the clinical, biochemical, histological profile and response to treatment in patients with Auto-immune Hepatitis in Indian population. Methods: This is a Retrospective analysis of the twenty one (12 M = 57.1%; 9 F = 42.9%) patients diagnosed with AIH according to simplified criteria for diagnosis of AIH, in the last three years (2017-2019) in the department of medical gastroenterology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Results: AIH accounted for 4.3% of all the liver diseases diagnosed during the last three years. Incidence of AIH was higher in males (12 M = 57.1%; 9 F = 42.9%; male to female ratio was 1.3:1), most common presenting symptom was jaundice, sixteen (57.1%), followed by ascites seven (33%) patients. Extra-hepatic manifestation was seen in fourteen (66.7%) patients. Eleven (52.3%) patients had cirrhosis with four (19%) patients having compensated cirrhosis, five (23.8%) patients having de-compensated cirrhosis, two (9.5%) patients presenting with features of acute on chronic liver failure, two (9.5%) patients presenting with acute hepatitis and seven (33.3%) patients presenting with features of chronic hepatitis. Nineteen (91%) patients had Type I AIH, one (4.5%) patient had Type II AIH and 1 patient had seronegative AIH. Oral budesonide was started in 11(52%) of patients, 8(38%) were started on oral prednisolone and 2(10%) patients were started on intravenous methyl prednisolone in view of severe auto-immune hepatitis. Azathioprine was added in 19 patients and dose was modified according to the clinical response and side effects. Four (21.05%) patients developed drug intolerance, out of which one patient had severe adverse effect in the form of acute pancreatitis secondary to Azathioprine. Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) was given with good response. Mortality was noted in two (9.52%) patients.

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Chhabra, Aman, Vaishali Kuchewar, and Twinkle Joshi. "Comparative study of Nishaamalaki and metformin in obese patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Madhumeha): A study protocol." F1000Research 12 (September 25, 2023): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.139045.1.

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Background: Poor synthesis of insulin by beta cells present in the pancreas combined with resistance of insulin in peripheral organs is referred to as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance leads to an increase in plasma fatty acids, which reduces transfer of glucose within the cells of muscles and increases breakage of lipids, resulting in an increase in hepatic glucose production. Nishamalaki (a formulation of turmeric and Indian gooseberry) is suggested in the therapy of all kinds of Madhumeha (diabetes mellitus) in Ayurveda classics. Turmeric and Indian gooseberry are the two main ingredients. Both are considered as effective medicines in the management of Madhumeha individually as well as in combined form. Aim: To compare the efficacy of Nishaamalaki and metformin in obese patients of type2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The study will include 60 obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were distributed into two distinct categories, each with 30 patients. Nishamalaki Churna with honey 3gm two times a day before food with warm water for 60 days in Group N (Experimental Group) and 500 mg metformin tablets twice daily before meals for 60 days in Group M (Control Group). Every 15th day, an assessment was made (15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day). Results: Objective outcomes will be assessed. Conclusion: From this study protocol, it can be depicted that the trial formulation of turmeric and Indian gooseberry (Nisha-amalaki) is as effective in obese patients suffering from type- 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to metformin tablets.

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Chhabra, Aman, Vaishali Kuchewar, and Twinkle Joshi. "Comparative study of Nishaamalaki and metformin in obese patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Madhumeha): A study protocol." F1000Research 12 (November 24, 2023): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.139045.2.

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Background Poor synthesis of insulin by beta cells present in the pancreas combined with resistance of insulin in peripheral organs is referred to as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance leads to an increase in plasma fatty acids, which reduces transfer of glucose within the cells of muscles and increases breakage of lipids, resulting in an increase in hepatic glucose production. Nishamalaki (a formulation of turmeric and Indian gooseberry) is suggested in the therapy of all kinds of Madhumeha (diabetes mellitus) in Ayurveda classics. Turmeric and Indian gooseberry are the two main ingredients. Both are considered as effective medicines in the management of Madhumeha individually as well as in combined form. Aim To compare the efficacy of Nishaamalaki and metformin in obese patients of type2 diabetes mellitus. Methods The study will include 60 obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were distributed into two distinct categories, each with 30 patients. Nishamalaki Churna 3gm two times a day before food with warm water for 60 days in Group N (Experimental Group) and 500 mg metformin tablets twice daily before meals for 60 days in Group M (Control Group). Every 15th day, an assessment was made (15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day). Results Objective outcomes will be assessed. Conclusion: From this study protocol, it can be depicted that the trial formulation of turmeric and Indian gooseberry (Nisha-amalaki) is as effective in obese patients suffering from type- 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to metformin tablets.

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Tiwaskar, Mangesh, A. Muruganathan, Ajitkumar Gondane, and Dattatray Pawar. "An Open-label, Prospective, Multicentric, Cohort Study of Nimesulide/Paracetamol Fixed Drug Combination for Acute Pain Management: Sub-group Analysis." Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 71, no. 04 (April 1, 2023): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/japi-11001-0234.

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Objective: Nimesulide has been evaluated in numerous clinical studies in the management of a variety of acute painful conditions. However, there is limited Indian data available on the nimesulide/paracetamol fixed drug combination (FDC). Hence, an open-label prospective multicentric study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this FDC in the management of acute painful conditions in real-world settings. Materials and methods: A prospective, open-label, and multicenter study conducted at 24 centers across Indian patients with acute painful conditions due to trauma, tendinitis, myalgia, low backache, sprains, pulled muscle, soft tissue injury, dental pain, and dental procedure/surgery. Nimesulide/paracetamol FDC was prescribed by clinicians as a part of routine practice. The effectiveness was evaluated on the numerical rating scale (NRS), that is, pain intensity at rest and movement, and the physician/patient global assessment scale (GAS) among the subgroups of acute painful conditions like myalgia, dental pain, low backache, etc. Hepatic safety was also evaluated among the subgroups at the end of treatment. Result: A total of 464 patients were included in the study. The reduction in NRS score at rest and movement during treatment duration across different types of pain was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Pain reduction was evident as per patient and physician GAS at the end of treatment in all indications. No clinically significant difference was found in liver parameters at the end of the study. Nimesulide/paracetamol (FDC) was well tolerated across all the subgroups. Conclusion: Nimesulide/paracetamol FDC was found to be well-tolerated and effective in pain management across all acute painful conditions in a real-world setting without any hepatic safety concerns

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Francis, Steffy, V. Anand Gideon, S. John Britto, and VJ Dessy. "A Review on Two Endemic Species of Genus Premna and their Conservational Importance." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-s (August 15, 2019): 666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3330.

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The genus Premna (Lamiaceae-APG IV) consists of about 200 species that are native mainly to the tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, Australia and the Pacific islands. The species ofPremna are well known for their medicinal properties and have been used in Indian traditional system of medicine especially for diarrhoea, stomach and hepatic disorders. The aim of this review is to highlight two endemic species Premna rajendranii and Premna paucinervisand their importance of conservation. This review also helps to summarize the recent advances in the studies on genus Premna, its endemic status and their distribution in Western Ghats. Keywords: Endemism, Western Ghats, Premna rajendranii, Premna paucinervis

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Agarwal, Neeraj, Ferdane Kutlar, Scott Reading, Abdullah Kutlar, and Josef Prchal. "Missense Mutation of the Last Nucleotide of Exon 1 of β-globin Gene Interferes with the Expression of Wild Allele." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1777.1777.

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Abstract A 31 y/o woman of Asian Indian descent was evaluated for high serum ferritin (>3000 ng/ml), Hb 9.5 gm % and MCV 68 fL. A MRI revealed no increase in cardiac iron but hepatic siderosis. No mutations of HFE, ferroportin, and hemojuvelin genes were detected. HPLC revealed: HbF: 51%, HbE: 43.2%, HbA2: 5.8%. A compound heterozygosity for HbE/b0 thalassemia was suspected. b globin gene sequencing revealed HbE and a missense mutation (b globin IVS1 (−1) G->C) previously described as Hb Monroe. The asymptomatic brother of the proband had Hb 11.5 gm %, MCV 70 fL, HbF: 8.5%, HbA: 87.2%, HbA2: 5.0%, and heterozygosity for Hb Monroe mutation. We set out to determine the molecular basis of the thalassemia phenotype associated with Hb Monroe in the proband’s brother and in an African American family known to be heterozygous for Hb Monroe. Clinical and laboratory parameters of the study subjects are summarized in figure 1. β globin DNA and β globin cDNA from the reticulocytes and in vitro expanded erythroid progenitors was sequenced. β globin haplotype was analyzed. The quantity of β globin gene expression (18S RNA normalized) by real time quantitative PCR in study subjects was compared to the healthy controls. Previous studies on Hb Monroe invoked either unstable mutant peptide or aberrantly processed mRNA as the basis of thalassemia but none studied native mRNA. We did not detect mutant peptide or any splice variants. Sequencing of the amplified cDNA revealed only normal β globin mRNA. Further, no promoter region or stop codon mutations, deletions or splicing mutations were found from promoter - 90 region to 3′ UTR including poly-A region. Quantitative β globin expression assay revealed more than 70% reduction in β globin mRNA in Asian Indian subject as well as in two African American subjects albeit with different β globin haplotype (figure 2). Similar reduction of β globin mRNA with different β globin haplotypes rules out an unlikely possibility of an unidentified promoter mutation present in trans. Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is a cellular mechanism of mRNA surveillance which detects and degrades mRNA containing premature translation termination codon (PTC). Heterozygous cases of β0 and β+ thalassemia with PTC have been found to have reduction of β globin mRNA by 40% and 27% respectively, suggesting interference with transcription of mutant allele. However, we did not find PTC generating mutations either in the in vitro generated mRNA transcripts or in any theoretically formed transcripts created and analyzed in silico. Moreover, our subjects have more than 70% reduction of the β globin gene expression suggesting interference with transcription of not only mutant allele but also wild allele. We conclude that this missense mutation interferes with the expression of wild allele. Figure 1: Clinical and laboratory parameters in our study subjects: A) Asian Indian (East Indian) female (proband), compound heterozygous for Hb Monroe and Hb E; B) Asian Indian (East Indian) male (proband’s brother), heterozygous for Hb Monroe; C) African American female #1, heterozygous for Hb Monroe; D) African American female #2, heterozygous for Hb Monroe. Figure 1:. Clinical and laboratory parameters in our study subjects: A) Asian Indian (East Indian) female (proband), compound heterozygous for Hb Monroe and Hb E; B) Asian Indian (East Indian) male (proband’s brother), heterozygous for Hb Monroe; C) African American female #1, heterozygous for Hb Monroe; D) African American female #2, heterozygous for Hb Monroe. Figure 2: β globin quantitative gene expression profile from subjects heterozygous for Hb Monroe mutation (relative percent expression compare to healthy controls): 1) Average value of three healthy individuals (100%), 2) Asian Indian male (21%), 3) African American female #1 (25%), 4) African American female #2(27%) Figure 2:. β globin quantitative gene expression profile from subjects heterozygous for Hb Monroe mutation (relative percent expression compare to healthy controls): 1) Average value of three healthy individuals (100%), 2) Asian Indian male (21%), 3) African American female #1 (25%), 4) African American female #2(27%)

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Rajesha, J., A. Ranga Rao, M. Karuna Kumar, and GA Ravishankar. "Hepato-protective Potential of Hull Fraction from Indian Flaxseed Cultivar." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 2 (January 14, 2011): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v1i2.2938.

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Objective: Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) isolated from hull fraction of Indian flaxseed cultivar was studied for its hepatoprotective potential by measuring the level of hepatic enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase and superoxide desmutase (SOD) upon feeding to albino rats. Material & Methods: The animals were grouped into five groups (n=5): The first group served as normal and received normal diet without treatment of toxin and hull fraction of flaxseed. The second group was named the control and received a regular commercial diet. The third, fourth and fifth groups were fed with normal diet and supplemented with hull fraction of flaxseed (150 and 250 μg/kg) and standard SDG (150 μg/kg), that was mixed with olive oil for 14 days. Results: Pretreatment of rats with 150 μg/kg b.w hull fraction of flaxseed followed by CCl4 treatment caused restoration of catalase, SOD and peroxidase by 37.70%, 108.22% and 23.89% respectively as compared to control. The group treated with 250 μg/kg b.w hull fraction of flaxseed showed the restoration of 67.30%, 152.82% and 39.88% of catalase, SOD and peroxidase, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, SDG fed in the form of flaxseed hull is responsible for its hepatoprotective properties. Further, it can be used as a potential source of nutraceutical agent and studies are required in this field to examine its use in large scale for food and feed industries.Keywords: Flaxseed; hull fraction; SDG; antioxidant enzymesDOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i2.2938Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1 (2010) 20-25

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Mukund, Amar, Shaleen Rana, Chander Mohan, Naveen Kalra, and Sanjay Saran Baijal. "Indian College of Radiology and Imaging Evidence-Based Guidelines for Interventions in Portal Hypertension and Its Complications." Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 31, no. 04 (October 2021): 917–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740235.

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AbstractPortal hypertension is a complication of chronic liver disease. Various radiological interventions are being done to aid in the diagnosis of portal hypertension; further, an interventional radiologist can offer various treatments for the complications of portal hypertension. Diagnosis of portal hypertension in its early stage may require hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement. Measurement of gradient also guides in diagnosing the type of portal hypertension, measuring response to treatment and prognostication. This article attempts to provide evidence-based guidelines on the management of portal hypertension and treatment of its complications.

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KOMAI, TOMOYUKI, and C. P. RAJOOL SHANIS. "A new species of the genus Parastylodactylus Figueira, 1971 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Stylodactylidae) from off Kollam, southwest coast of India." Zootaxa 3140, no. 1 (December 22, 2011): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3140.1.5.

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A new species of the caridean genus Parastylodactylus Figueira, 1971 (Stylodactylidae), P. sulcatus, is described and illustrated on the basis of three male specimens from the Southern Arabian Sea, off the southwest coast of India, at a depth of 350 m. Morphologically, the new species appears closest to P. bimaxillaris (Bate, 1888) widely distributed in the IndoWest Pacific, but the much longer rostrum, the absence of a supraorbital tooth on the carapace, the deep hepatic groove on the carapace and the relatively longer and more slender third pereopod distinguish the new species from P. bimaxillaris. It is the first representative of the genus from Indian waters. An updated key to the species of Parastylodactylus is presented.

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Garg, Deepa, Neha Satam, Nimisha N., T. Marar, and V. W. Patil. "Studies on the hepatic and renal status of patients with sickle cell disease from western zone of Maharashtra, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 4 (March 28, 2018): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20181272.

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Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited monogenic genetic disorder in Indian tribal and non-tribal population. This condition is caused by mutations in the hemoglobin gene and inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Pathogenesis in SCD varies widely from patient to patient. Most of the infections affect SCD pathogenesis, so early diagnosis of the same is important.Methods: The present study was designed to evaluate the biochemical parameters to assess the hepatic and renal status in SCD subjects from west zone of Maharashtra, India. Patients with sickle cell disease (n=50) from primary health centres of Palghar were included in this study and age and sex matched healthy persons (n=50) were controls. Informed written consent was obtained from all the study subjects.Results: Our findings showed that Aspartate trasaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), bilirubin and creatinine increased significantly above normal level in SCD subjects. Albumin and urea levels in SCD were found to have decreased in the SCD subjects. There is a slight increase in uric acid and creatinine levels; this indicates an adverse effect on hepatic function and moderate effect on renal function in sickle cell anemia patients. Most common events of SCD pathogenesis, can be categorized into hemolytic events and vaso-occlusive crisis-based events. Adverse effect on hepatic function can lead to further hemolytic events.Conclusions: Although specific biomarkers related to these different events needs to understand for assessment of pathogenesis, the ones we have studied can be useful to assess the status of hepatic and renal function to follow the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.

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Sarkar, Amrita, and Debjit Roy. "Is vitamin D deficiency contributing to high predisposition to non-communicable diseases in Indians? A review article." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 2637. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173307.

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Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Indians. The role of vitamin D in infectious diseases is a well-known fact. However, more recently, several studies have linked vitamin D deficiency with various non-communicable diseases like hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and psychiatric illnesses amongst others. Indians are known to be prone to developing non-communicable diseases so a co-existing vitamin D deficiency will lead to a synergistic effect towards developing the same. Since vitamin D deficiency is completely preventable, opportunistic screening of people, screening the vulnerable population like the pregnant women and the elderly, patients with hepatic or renal failure, patients on retroviral or immunosuppressant therapy can be useful. Health education and promotion activities should be done to bring awareness in the community. This might as well reduce the growing burden of non-communicable diseases in India.

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Bhave, S. A., A. N. Pandit, and M. S. Tanner. "Comparison of Feeding History of Children with Indian Childhood Cirrhosis and Paired Controls." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 6, no. 4 (July 1987): 562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1987.tb09353.x.

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SummaryOne hundred prospectively studied children with Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) in Pune District, India, differed from 100 matched controls with respect to feeding history. Animal milk was used in all ICC cases but not in 27 controls. It had been started by 3 months in 63 cases and by 6 months in 82 cases of ICC, as compared with 15 and 25 controls. Twenty‐four ICC cases received no breast feeding, and 45 and 60 were breast fed for <3 and <6 months, respectively; only 10 control children were breast fed for <6 months. All ICC children's feeds had been in contact with brass vessels. Copper vessels were used for water carriage with equal frequency in cases and controls. Girls predominated amongst healthy older siblings of cases. Ninety‐one healthy siblings of cases had been fed similarly to controls. Three pairs of twins with similar feeding histories died with ICC. whereas two pairs were discordant for feeding and outcome. Hepatic copper loading in ICC is attributable to copper contamination of early animal milk feeds.

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Pulakunta, Thejodhar, Bhagath Kumar Potu, Vasavi Rakesh Gorantla, Muddanna S. Rao, Sampath Madhyastha, and Venkata Ramana Vollala. "The origin of the inferior phrenic artery: a study in 32 South Indian cadavers with a review of the literature." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 6, no. 3 (September 2007): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492007000300005.

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BACKGROUND: Considering the paucity of information presently available concerning inferior phrenic arteries, a more definitive study seemed appropriate and necessary, both for its potential clinical applications and to provide additional data to contemporary anatomical literature. OBJECTIVE: Most anatomical textbooks of gross anatomy offer very little information concerning the anatomy and distribution of the inferior phrenic artery (IPA). For that reason, the origin of the IPA has been studied and the available literature has been reviewed. METHODS: Thirty-two human adult cadavers preserved in formalin obtained from the departments of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal and Mangalore were dissected and the origin of the IPA was studied. RESULTS: The IPA had its usual origin from the abdominal aorta in 28 cases but in the remaining four cases, two were arising from the celiac trunk, one from the left gastric artery and one from the right renal artery. CONCLUSION: The IPA usually originates from the aorta or celiac artery, and less frequently from the renal, hepatic or left gastric arteries. The IPA is a major source of collateral or parasitized arterial supply to hepatocellular carcinoma, second only to the hepatic artery. Literature on the IPA origin and clinical implications of variation in its origin have been reviewed in this article.

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Patel, Manish V., Kalapi B. Patel, Shivenarain Gupta, Andreas Michalsen, Elmar Stapelfeldt, and Christian S. Kessler. "A Complex Multiherbal Regimen Based on Ayurveda Medicine for the Management of Hepatic Cirrhosis Complicated by Ascites: Nonrandomized, Uncontrolled, Single Group, Open-Label Observational Clinical Study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/613182.

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Hepatic cirrhosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, especially if complicated by ascites. This chronic condition can be related to the classical disease entityjalodarain Traditional Indian Medicine (Ayurveda). The present paper aims to evaluate the general potential of Ayurvedic therapy for overall clinical outcomes in hepatic cirrhosis complicated by ascites (HCcA). In form of a nonrandomized, uncontrolled, single group, open-label observational clinical study, 56 patients fulfilling standardized diagnostic criteria for HCcA were observed during their treatment at the P. D. Patel Ayurveda Hospital, Nadiad, India. Based on Ayurvedic tradition, a standardized treatment protocol was developed and implemented, consisting of oral administration of single and compound herbal preparations combined with purificatory measures as well as dietary and lifestyle regimens. The outcomes were assessed by measuring liver functions through specific clinical features and laboratory parameters and by evaluating the Child-Pugh prognostic grade score. After 6 weeks of treatment and a follow-up period of 18 weeks, the outcomes showed statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements. Further larger and randomized trials on effectiveness, safety, and quality of the Ayurvedic approach in the treatment of HCcA are warranted to support these preliminary findings.

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Bhattacharya, Sanjib, and Pallab Haldar. "Trichosanthes dioica root extract induces tumor proliferation and attenuation of antioxidant system in albino mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10102-011-0028-4.

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Trichosanthes dioicaroot extract induces tumor proliferation and attenuation of antioxidant system in albino mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinomaTrichosanthes dioicaRoxb. (Cucurbitaceae), called pointed gourd in English, is a dioecious climber grown widely in the Indian subcontinent. The present study assessed the influence of treatment of hydroalcoholic extract ofTrichosanthes dioicaroot (TDA) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice with effects on antioxidant systems. Twenty-four hours after intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor (EAC) cells in mice, TDA was administered at 25 and 50 mg/kg for 8 consecutive days. On the 9thday, half of the mice were sacrificed for estimation of tumor proliferation, hematological, and hepatic antioxidative parameters. The rest were kept for assessment of survival parameters. TDA exhibited dose dependent and significant increase in tumor weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume and viable cells and reduced non-viable cells and life span of EAC bearing animals. Hematological parameters were significantly worsened in TDA-treated mice. TDA treatment significantly aggravated the hepatic antioxidative parameters. The present study demonstrated thatT. dioicaroot possessed tumor promoting activity in EAC bearing albino mice, plausibly mediated by attenuation of endogenous antioxidant systems.

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Jain, Vandana, Anil Kumar, Nayeem Ahmad, Manisha Jana, Mani Kalaivani, Brijesh Kumar, Shivaram Shastri, Oshima Jain, and Madhulika Kabra. "Genetic polymorphisms associated with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian Indian adolescents." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 32, no. 7 (July 26, 2019): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2018-0543.

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Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in four genes, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA), patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3), adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asian Indian adolescents. Methods In this case-control study, 218 Asian Indian adolescents with overweight/obesity and 86 lean healthy adults without fatty liver were enrolled. Hepatic steatosis was assessed and graded by ultrasonography (USG). Serum insulin, lipids, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), TNF-α, adiponectin and apolipoprotein C3 were measured and genotyping was done. Frequencies of variant and wild genotypes in all adolescents and in the subgroups without steatosis, with grade 1 steatosis and with grade 2 or 3 steatosis were compared to those in the controls. The frequencies were also compared in the overweight adolescents with grade 2 or 3 steatosis and without steatosis. Results Variant genotypes of polymorphisms −863 C > A and −1031 T > C of the TNFA gene, 455 T > C of the APOC3 gene and the wild type of +276 G > T of the ADIPOQ gene were associated with obesity with odds ratios (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of 2.5 (1.5–4.4), 2.5 (1.5–4.2), 2.0 (1.1–3.6) and 2.5 (1.4–5.0), respectively. Polymorphisms 455 T > C of APOC3 and rs738409 C > G of PNPLA3 were associated with NAFLD. Fasting insulin and triglycerides (TG) were higher in the adolescents with homozygous variant polymorphisms −1031 T > C of TNFA and 455 T > C of APOC3 genes, respectively. Conclusions Several polymorphisms were noted to have a significant association with obesity and NAFLD in Asian Indian adolescents.

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K, Venkateshwarlu, Joshua Jacinth Tp, Praneeth G, Anusha G, and Rahul Goud N. "CALCULATION OF PRESCRIBED DAILY DOSE OF ANTICOAGULANTS IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 6 (June 7, 2018): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.23467.

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Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify the commonly prescribed anticoagulants and to study the prescription pattern of anticoagulants in various indications and to calculate prescribing daily dose (PDD) and to compare PDD with defined daily dose of anticoagulants.Methods: A total of 119 patients of all age groups, either of sex who are receiving anticoagulant therapy were included in this prospective observational study done in limited period of 6 months in the inpatient department of general medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, and surgery. Patients who are non-cooperative, cancer patients, psychiatric patients, and patients on hemodialysis and receiving anticoagulant treatment, and patients suffering from end-stage renal disease and hepatic failure are excluded from the study.Results: In this study, we found that heparin, Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), warfarin, and acenocoumarol are the most commonly used drugs, of which heparin is highly prescribed. The use of anticoagulants in cardiovascular diseases was found to be high compared to other indications. PDD: DDD of warfarin is 0.46, acenocoumarol is 0.75, i.e., half the dose of drug showed its effectiveness, whereas heparin is 1.86, LMWH’s is 2.9, i.e., double the dose is used to treat the disease effectively. A total of eight adverse drug reactions are observed with Vitamin K antagonists, i.e., 6.72%.Conclusion: We observed that the anticoagulants were not prescribed as the WHO defined doses in the study site. Vitamin K antagonists were prescribed at half of the WHO defined doses and heparin derivatives were prescribed at increased doses and sometimes double the WHO defined doses; these variations may be due to disease characteristics or patient characteristics or drug characteristics.

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Chhabra, Aman, Vaishali Kuchewar, and Twinkle Joshi. "Comparative study of Nishaamalaki and metformin in obese patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Madhumeha): A study protocol." F1000Research 12 (March 4, 2024): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.139045.3.

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Background Poor synthesis of insulin by beta cells present in the pancreas combined with resistance of insulin in peripheral organs is referred to as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance leads to an increase in plasma fatty acids, which reduces transfer of glucose within the cells of muscles and increases breakage of lipids, resulting in an increase in hepatic glucose production. Nishamalaki (a formulation of turmeric and Indian gooseberry) is suggested in the therapy of all kinds of Madhumeha (diabetes mellitus) in Ayurveda classics. Turmeric and Indian gooseberry are the two main ingredients. Both are considered as effective medicines in the management of Madhumeha individually as well as in combined form. Aim To compare the efficacy of Nishaamalaki and metformin in obese patients of type2 diabetes mellitus. Methods The study will include 60 obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who will be distributed into two distinct categories, each with 30 patients. Nishamalaki Churna 3gm two times a day before food with warm water for 60 days in Group N (Experimental Group) and 500 mg metformin tablets twice daily before meals for 60 days in Group M (Control Group). Every 15th day, an assessment will be made (15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day). Results Objective outcomes will be assessed. Conclusion Conclusion will be based on the data received after the completion of the study.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Indian Hepaticae'

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