Journal articles: 'INDIAN GOLD'

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Selvakumar, D. S. "Performance of Gold Monetization scheme in India." International Journal of Management Excellence 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v8i1.873.

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India has topped with largest consumers of gold, next to china in the world. Indians prefer buying gold in the form of jewellery and coins rather than bullion. So, central government has come up with three gold schemes namely GOLD MONETISATION SCHEME, SOVEREIGN GOLD BOND and INDIAN GOLD COIN. The main motive of these schemes is to reduce the requirements of gold through imports. About 20000 tonnes of gold are idle with Indian households, temples, etc which is not being traded or monetized in the form of jewellery. This study attempts to scrutinize the three gold schemes in detail with pros & cons and people awareness towards such schemes particularly in Vellore District , Tamilnadu

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Kumar Adhana, Deepak. "AN INTRODUCTION OF GOLD SCHEMES, 2015 IN INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 11 (November 30, 2015): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i11.2015.2926.

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India has toppled China to become world’s largest buyer of the gold in 2015. Gold is sensitively attached with the Indians and they prefer buying gold in the form of jewellery. The Central Government has come up with three gold schemes on 5th November, 2015 i.e., Gold Monetisation scheme, Sovereign Gold Bond scheme and India Gold Coin scheme to reduce the requirements of gold through imports. The less volatile nature of gold attracts the Indian consumers to choose gold as the best investment option. Nearly, 20,000 tonnes of gold are idle with Indian households, temples etc. which is not being traded or monetised in the form of jewellery. The accomplishment of economically stable gold investment schemes can bring changes in our economy. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the three gold schemes in detail and probable impact of gold schemes on current account deficit (CAD). This paper discuss about the probable advantages and disadvantages of Gold schemes. It also talks about the major concerns that may hinder the success of gold schemes. Finally, the study makes some suggestions to develop gold market and monetise 20,000 tonnes of gold held by households and temples in the country.

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Neelam, Dr Hema, Dr K. Sharath Babu, and Mr Ch Ganesh. "Impact of Select National and International Incidents on Gold and Silver Prices in India." International Journal of Business and Management Research 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.110104.

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In this paper an attempt is made to know the impact of select national and international incidents such as Russia and Ukraine War, Afghanistan War, 1st Lockdown in India, US and Iraq Civil war and Surgical Strike in India on gold and silver prices from 2019 to 2022. The study used t-test: Paired Two Sample for Means and correlation to know the volatility and relationship between gold, silver prices with the value of Indian currency. The study finds the significance difference between gold prices, silver prices and value of Indian currency before and after the incidents. The study also finds whether there is any relationship between the gold prices, silver prices with Indian currency and how they are related to each other.

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Tanner, Clara Lee. "Southwestern Indian Gold Jewelry." KIVA 50, no. 4 (January 1985): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00231940.1985.11758038.

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5

Cameron, Eion M. "Gold — The Indian scene." Precambrian Research 59, no. 3-4 (December 1992): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(92)90064-u.

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Tejaswi, N. V. "The Indian gold rush." Resonance 3, no. 12 (December 1998): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02838101.

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Patni, Ity, and Somya Choubey. "ARTHASHASTRA V/S GRAHASHASTRA- A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GOLD MONETISATION SCHEME (GMS) IN INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 11 (November 30, 2016): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i11.2016.2418.

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Indian people treasure investment in Gold. The quantum of perceived value weighs more as emotional quotient is higher for this yellow metal. Families in India think that ‘gold brings good fortune’. This inclination can be observed with the supporting fact that India has outshined itself as the largest gold consumer with 703 tons of gold jewelry in the year 2015. The summative demand of gold jewelry and investment has risen by 6% through which the demand has surged to 890 tons in this year (Shawn, 2016). Phenomenon for investment in gold in India and China is inelastic, despite of price fluctuations, populace continues gaze at gold.

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Unnikrishnan, Jyothi, and Kodakanallur Krishnaswamy Suresh. "Modelling the Impact of Government Policies on Import on Domestic Price of Indian Gold Using ARIMA Intervention Method." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6382926.

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The study attempts to determine the impact of government policies of import of gold in India on the domestic price of gold during 2013 using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) intervention model. 2013 was an amazing year for Indian gold market where the price had reached its zenith. In April 2013, to curb a record trade deficit, India imposed an import duty of 10 percent on gold and tied imports for domestic consumption to exports, creating scarce supply of the yellow metal and boosting premiums to curtail the Current Account Deficit (CAD). The objective of the paper is to model the impact of this intervention by the government on the domestic price of Indian gold. Suitable ARIMA model is fit on the preintervention period and thereafter the effects of the interventions are analysed. The results indicate that ARIMA(1,1,1)is the most suitable model during preintervention period. Intervention analysis reveals that there is significant decrease in domestic price of gold by 56% from 2013. The model may be used by policymakers to analyse the future of gold before framing regulations and policies.

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Truitt, Allison. "Nationalizing gold: The Vietnamese SJC gold bar and the Indian Gold Coin." Economic Anthropology 5, no. 2 (May 10, 2018): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sea2.12119.

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D, Lazar, and Maria Immanuvel S. "How does indian gold price react to the changes in real exchange rates?" Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 4 (December 30, 2012): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2012.42.

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This study investigates the relationship between the Indian gold price and the real exchangerates of major international currency and how does Indian gold price reacts to the exchange rates of thesecurrencies. The data set consists of monthly gold prices from Indian market and the real exchange rates ofmajor currencies like USD, Euro, Yen and INR for the period from 1994:01 to 2011:12. The relationship andreaction is tested through the Johansen cointegration test, Granger causality test and VAR models like Impulseresponse function and Variance Decomposition. It is found that the Indian gold prices have long runrelationship with the real exchange rates of major currencies and it is also found that the Indian gold prices arecaused by the real exchange rate of Yen but the vice versa does not exist. The Indian gold prices reactpositively to the shocks from Yen and negatively to the INR.

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Siddiqui, Saif, and Preeti Roy. "Predicting Volatility and Dynamic Relation Between Stock Market, Exchange Rate and Select Commodities." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 6 (2019): 1597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967061597.

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Commodities play a vital role in the development of emerging economies, like India. From this perspective, the study presents dynamic correlation in the prices of gold, crude oil, exchange rate and Indian stock market from April 01, 2014 to March 28, 2018. VARMA-BEKK-GARCH model is estimated for return and volatility spillovers across markets. Bidirectional returns spillover was found between Nifty and WTI and WTI and Gold pair. Whereas the bidirectional volatility spillover between Nifty and Gold pair. From the DCC-GARCH correlational analysis, Gold was found to be effective hedging commodity for Indian stock investors than Crude Oil. The asymmetric impact of shocks in covariance is observed between Nifty 50 and all other variables. The study focuses to aid investors and portfolio diversifiers while taking investment decisions.

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Phd, Dr V. Latha Mba, and D. Deepa Mba. "Investment in Indian Gold Etfs Soaring." IOSR Journal of Business and Management 19, no. 05 (May 2017): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487x-1905051417.

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13

Shankar, P. Sai, and M. Krishna Reddy. "Forecasting Gold Prices in India using Time series and Deep Learning Algorithms." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 5 (June 30, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.d2537.0610521.

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The primary object of this paper is to compare the traditional time series models with deep learning algorithm.The ARIMA model is developed to forecast Indian Gold prices using daily data for the period 2016 to 2020 obtained from World Gold Council.We fitted the ARIMA (2,1,2) model which exhibited the least AIC values. In the meanwhile, MLP, CNN and LSTM models are also examined to forecast the gold prices in India. Mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error and root mean squared errors used to evaluate the forecasting performance of the models. Hence, LSTM model superior than that of the other three models for forecasting the gold prices in India

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14

Romero, Patricia W. "Possible sources for the origin of gold as an economic and social vehicle for women in lamu (Kenya)." Africa 57, no. 3 (July 1987): 364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160719.

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Opening ParagraphLamu today is composed of several ethnic groups with an affinity for gold: the Afro-Arab old families who intermarried with the BuSaid ruling class from Oman and Zanzibar; Hadrami newcomers from southern Arabia; and the slaves of these groups, all of whom came from central Africa. In addition, there are Bohra Indians (only a few remain of the two hundred or so earlier in the century), two Parsees, and one remaining Ismaili family whose origins in India dictate a desire for gold. Other people, such as Bajuni, are now living in Lamu; but most are poor and the few who have gold are those who have gone to Mombasa or away to school, and then returned. Some of them have married into the heretofore closed ranks of the old Afro-Arab families precisely because they have made money or can be expected to, and will provide gold. There are numbers of other ethnic groups in Lamu, including Africans from the Kenya mainland across the bay from Lamu island. Land, not gold, is important to them. The people of concern here are mainly the Bohra Indians, Afro-Arabs, and the Hadramis – all of whom covet gold. Marriages in Lamu were arranged along ethnic, class, and family lines at least since the nineteenth century. Gold for brides was a necessity – especially for the upper-class Afro-Arab (mixtures of local Africans, African slaves, and Arab traders) families and among the various Indian groups (historically Hindu, Dauudi Bohra, Ithnasharia, Ismaili, and Goans) then living and trading there.

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15

Narula, Samridhi, and Saqib Khan. "Factors Affecting the Indian Stock Market." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 04, no. 04 (2022): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2022.v04i04.038.

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One of the important contributions of this study is that in India, very little/almost no work has been done to understand the factors affecting the stock market prices after the recent recession. The present study examines the relationship between stock prices and a set of macroeconomic variables to examine if there is any specific variable which has the most influence on the stock market of India. The study aims to find out the factors affecting the Indian stock market by using correlation and regression analysis. To investigate the correlation between SENSEX, Consumer Price Index (CPI) which is a proxy of inflation, Foreign Institutional Investment (FII), Exchange Rate, NASDAQ index, Gold prices, Index of Industrial Production (IIP) in India from the period 2018 to 2021. The results show that the highest correlation exists between SENSEX and NASDAQ followed by NASDAQ and Gold prices. Furthermore, SENSEX is positively related to all of the selected variables. To assess the impact of each variable on SENSEX returns, SENSEX is taken as a dependent variable and all other variables are taken as independent variables in the regression analysis. The regression outputs of only NASDAQ and Gold are statistically significant at 5% level. Granger Causality suggests no bidirectional relationship among any of the variables. However, there exists a unidirectional relationship between some of the variables.

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Kumar, Muneesh, Tarunika Jain Agrawal, and Srishti Sehgal. "Domestic and International Information Linkages for Indian Commodities Market in the Pre- and Post-CTT Periods." Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research 16, no. 2 (November 15, 2017): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972622517737869.

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This article investigates the impact of commodity transaction tax, in effect from 1 July 2013, on the information linkages for the Indian commodity market. We use daily data on five sample commodities—gold, aluminium, copper, zinc, and crude oil from 1 May 2010 to 31 August 2016. MCX has been used as a reference commodity exchange for India, while we use COMEX and DGCX for gold, LME and SHFE for base metals, and NYMEX and ICE for crude oil for international comparison. Price discovery has been evaluated using static and dynamic cointegration procedures, while volatility spillover has been evaluated based on BEKK-GARCH and Diebold Yilmaz models. We find that CTT imposition has weakened the price discovery and volatility spillover process, thus reducing the price and hedging efficiency of the Indian commodities market. For gold and crude oil, the information linkages have been severely hampered, owing to their international character. For base metals, MCX takes greater time for information transmission. International information linkages seem to have been more adversely impacted, owing to lower cost competitiveness of Indian commodities market. The findings of the study are pertinent for the policymakers, commodity exchanges, and other stakeholders.

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17

Dehghanzadeh Shahabad, Rasool, and Mehmet Balcilar. "Modelling the Dynamic Interaction between Economic Policy Uncertainty and Commodity Prices in India: The Dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach." Mathematics 10, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 1638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10101638.

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This study examines the dynamic interaction between oil, natural gas, and prices with Indian economic policy uncertainty (EPU). The study finds that gold prices and industrial production are fundamental drivers of Indian economic policy uncertainty in both the short and long runs, using a dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model with monthly data ranging from January 2003 to July 2020. Gold prices are positively related to the Indian EPU, while industrial production is negatively related to it. Thus, investors in the Indian economy should use gold as a hedge for portfolio diversification and as a safe haven during an economic crisis. We also find a significant positive interconnection between gold prices and crude oil prices in both the short run and the long run, while the significant positive impact of natural gas prices on crude oil prices manifests only in the long run. The evidence also indicates that the EPUs of the US and Europe positively affect the Indian EPU, while the EPU of China does not have a significant effect. Higher crude oil prices are associated with higher gas prices, whereas higher gold prices are negatively associated with the natural gas price and vice versa. Furthermore, the evidence shows that the Indian EPU does not have a significant effect on the changes in the prices of goods.

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MATHEW, NISHA. "At the Crossroads of Empire and Nation-State: Partition, gold smuggling, and port cities in the western Indian Ocean." Modern Asian Studies 54, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 898–929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x18000173.

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AbstractThis article investigates gold smuggling in the twentieth-century western Indian Ocean. It illustrates how gold, condemned as a ‘barbarous relic’ by international monetary economists and central banks in the immediate post-war period, created an economy in the intermediate zone between a retreating empire and emerging nation-states in India and the Persian Gulf. Bombay and Dubai—connected by mercantile networks, trading dhows, migrants, and ‘smugglers’—were the principal constituencies and key drivers of this trans-regional economy. Partition and the concomitant flight of Indian mercantile capital into Dubai becomes the key to unlocking the many dimensions of smuggling, including its social organization and ethnic constitution. Looked at in such terms, gold smuggling reveals a transnational side to both partition and the post-colonial history of Bombay which has drawn little critical attention from historians. Consequently, it expands the analytic space necessary to explain how Dubai was able to capitalize on the arbitrage possibilities offered by import regulations in India, tap into the global networks of trade and finance, and chart its own course of development as a modern urban space throughout the latter half of the twentieth century.

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Shukla, Ajay, and Shrasty Katiyar. "Forecasting The Demand for Gold in India: An Analysis of Historical Time-Series Data." International Journal of Management and Humanities 9, no. 8 (April 30, 2023): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.h1597.049823.

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Gold has been an integral part of Indian culture and tradition for centuries. India is one of the largest consumers and importers of gold in the world, with gold demand primarily driven by weddings, festivals and religious ceremonies. In recent years, gold has also emerged as an investment asset class with people investing in gold for long-term gain and to hedge against inflation. Gold is also considered as a safe haven asset and is often used as a store of value during economic and political uncertainties. Almost all the central banks hold gold as a crucial part of their foreign currency reserve. Hence forecasting the demand for gold becomes essential to make informed investment decisions, management of reserves by the institutions etc. This study aims to forecast the demand for gold on the basis of the recent trends and patterns of demand for gold in India in the last five years (2017-2021). The researcher analysed historical data on gold from various sources and examined the trends over time. The study used the linear trend analysis method to create a linear equation that predicted future gold demand based on past gold demand trends. The results obtained by this research can be applied by the investors, goldsmiths and government; in various contexts, including investment and commodity trading to make informed decisions.

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Kaushik, Nikhil. "Do global oil price shocks affect Indian metal market?" Energy & Environment 29, no. 6 (April 4, 2018): 891–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18759790.

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The main objective of this paper is to investigate the spillover effect of global crude oil prices on Indian metal market using dynamic conditional correlation generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models. The study considers Indian metal market, Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited METAL index and two precious metals gold and silver, and three industrial metals aluminium, copper and zinc over the period from 1 June 2006 to 31 March 2017. The results of the study show moderate co-movement between West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil and Indian metal market. Precious metals gold and silver do not show either upward nor downward trend even in global financial crisis 2008–2009 while industrial metals aluminium, copper and zinc are weakly correlated to crude oil prices. In addition, it is found that global crude oil prices have short-term as well as long-term memory effect on Indian metal market and metal prices. The study presents the case for diverse stakeholders to improve strategic oil reserves for stabilizing oil prices during global turmoil. Also, policy makers and practitioners may draw meaningful conclusions from findings of the present study to improve future market for stabilizing spot prices of metals while operating in Indian metal markets.

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Garg, Dr Sandeep. "IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON PERFORMANCE OF GOLD ETFS IN INDIA." International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management Studies 04, no. 05 (2022): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.38193/ijrcms.2022.4501.

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People invest in gold because they view it as a valuable economic resource, they can use to supplement their income. COVID-19 pandemic and economic lockdowns are likely to support consumer demand for gold performance in the short term. If the economy recovers quickly and the stimulus measures are in place for a long period of time, Gold’s behaviour may be affected. The GDP growth rate in India has been trending downward. Consumer spending on non-essentials fell in this environment. COVID19's outbreak in March only served to amplify this trend. People are becoming more cautious with their money. Indian and international gold demand is expected to be high, according to a recent study. The Covid -19 pandemic lowered the demand for gold for a short period of time. The demand for investment is increased as a result. This paper is a study of the Performance Evaluation of Gold ETFs in India during the Covid-19 Pandemic Situation. Knowing how behavioural biases affect investor preference for gold exchangetraded funds (ETFs), Investing in gold requires an understanding of the psychological aspects of the process. Assessing how gold ETFs demand changes during the pandemic is essential for figuring out why investors are becoming so irrationally bullish on gold.

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Anu, Dr. "Impact of exchange rate and foreign exchange gold reserve on prices of gold." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management 9, no. 6 (2022): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2022.9.6.5.

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Gold has maintained its existence in Indian economy since centuries and there is no need for explaining the importance of this yellow metal in Indian culture as this valuable commodity always has a significant economic effect worldwide. This precious metal has marked a land mark upward trend in terms of prices after phase of recession in 2008 and early 2009 in global economy. Gold has emerged as safe haven for investment due to downfall of equity markets in recent years. Beginning of new millennium has witnessed a period where prices of this yellow metal started to climb robustly on a continue basis. Gold has been treated as hedge against inflation and exchange rate fluctuations. In the light of above scenario, this paper has analyzed the impact of exchange rate and foreign exchange reserve on gold prices.

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Kaur, Karamjeet. "Relationship of Indian Gold Market and Stock Market." International Journal of Management Studies V, no. 2(4) (January 4, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v5i2(4)/08.

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Godbole, Swati Shrikant, and Gita Sashidharan. "Will Employment Effect Gold Buying? An Indian Perspective." Theoretical Economics Letters 09, no. 05 (2019): 1225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/tel.2019.95079.

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Chatnani, Niti Nandini. "Gold as an Asset for the Indian Investor." Abhigyan 36, no. 3 (December 30, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.56401/abhigyan/36.3.2018.1-10.

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Pavabutr, Pantisa, and Piyamas Chaihetphon. "Price discovery in the Indian gold futures market." Journal of Economics and Finance 34, no. 4 (November 14, 2008): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12197-008-9068-9.

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Sidana, Ajay, Neeru Sidana, and Rohit Sood. "A study of cointegration of gold market of the emerging and developed economies." Corporate and Business Strategy Review 2, no. 1 (2021): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv2i1art1.

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Gold, which is considered to be the most precious metal (Bilal, Talib, Haq, Khan, & Naveed, 2013), from ancient times has been considered as a very conservative investment. Studies examining the utility of gold have found evidence in favour of gold as a source of the hedge (Narayan, Narayan, & Zheng, 2010; Bampinas & Panagiotidis, 2015), diversification (Ibrahim, 2012; Hoang, Lean, & Wong, 2015), as well as a safe haven in times of adverse market movements (Ciner, Gurdgiev, & Lucey, 2013; Bredin, Conlon, & Potì, 2015). This paper attempts to study how global gold price trends impact domestic gold prices and domestic gold price trends contemplate in international gold markets. The study has been based on 3157 observations of daily data recorded over a period of 13 years – from March 2005 to December 2018 – to show the relationship between the USA and India’s gold market. This paper fills the need for empirical evidence for the short and long-term interrelation between India and USA gold markets and the results show no evidence of a long-term association between Indian and COMEX gold spot prices.

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Kumar, Satish. "What determines the gold inflation relation in the long-run?" Studies in Economics and Finance 34, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 430–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-04-2016-0084.

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Purpose The author aims to examine the long-run dynamic relation between gold price and inflation in the Indian context from 1982 to 2015. The author measures inflation using consumer price index and wholesale price index (WPI). However, this study focuses on the long-run dynamic relation between gold price–WPI inflation. Design/methodology/approach The author uses Johansen’s cointegration technique (Johansen, 1991); single equation error correction model based on Pesaran et al. (2001) and Kanioura and Turner (2005); and the Saikkonen and Lütkepohl (2000) approach. The author also uses a time-varying regression framework in level form based on Kalman filter to examine the dynamic nature of gold–WPI relation. Findings The author finds no evidence of cointegration between gold and WPI. However, The author reports a significant dynamic relation between gold and inflation using a Kalman filter framework, and the comovement between these variables has in fact increased in the past decade. The results further indicate that variation in gold’s sensitivity to inflation can be explained by real effective exchange rate which supports the notion of using gold as an alternative to paper currency. Moreover, the WPI beta of gold is found to be predicted by both short- and long-term interest rate changes highlighting the monetary value of gold as a valuable asset. Practical implications From an emerging economy point of view, the results have implications for policy makers, particularly the central banks. The results of this paper caution the Reserve Bank of India against increasing its gold holdings as a reserve asset presuming that gold would preserve its purchasing power parity, at the same time providing a hedge against inflation. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to examine the gold price–inflation relation in the Indian market for such a long period of time. More importantly, the study shows that the changes in gold’s long-term sensitivity to WPI can be forecast using fundamental variables like interest rates.

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Manuj, Hemant. "Is Gold a Hedge against Stock Price Risk in U.S. or Indian Markets?" Risks 9, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9100174.

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We study whether gold acts as a hedge or a safe haven in U.S. and the Indian stock markets. These two stock markets have been chosen as representatives of the developed markets and the emerging markets, respectively, and are of significant interest to long-term investors. We apply a linear regression and a GARCH technique to monthly return series data on the S&P500, the BSE Sensex, and gold prices. We find that, for the period of our study, 1980–2020, gold has not served as a hedge or a safe haven for long-term investors in the U.S. or Indian stock markets. This holds true even across multiple sub-periods in our study period. Gold returns do not exhibit a significant negative relationship with stock returns in any of the chosen stock market scenarios, i.e., in times of extremely low returns as well as in the periods of high or low volatility. Equity investors in U.S. and Indian markets can use the findings of this study for optimising their portfolios. Additionally, central bankers and policy makers can use the findings for better outcomes with respect to their policies on holding of gold.

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Singh, Narinder Pal, and Sugandha Sharma. "Phase-wise analysis of dynamic relationship among gold, crude oil, US dollar and stock market." Journal of Advances in Management Research 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 480–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-12-2017-0124.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic relationship among Gold, Crude oil, Indian Rupee-US Dollar and Stock market-Sensex (gold, oil, dollar and stock market (GODS)) in the pre-crisis, the crisis and the post-crisis periods in the Indian context. Design/methodology/approach The authors use Johansen’s cointegration technique, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Vector Auto Regression, VEC Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald Test, and Granger Causality and Toda Yamamoto modified Granger causality to study long-run relationship and causality. Findings Johansen’s cointegration test results indicate that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables in the pre-crisis and the crisis periods but not in post-crisis period. VECM results report that none of four models of the variables show long-run causality in the pre-crisis period. During the crisis period, both crude oil and Sensex models show long-run causality. However, in some cases, results indicate short-run causality. The authors find one-way causality from USD and Sensex to crude oil, and from gold and Sensex to USD. Thus, the authors conclude that the relationship among GODS is dynamic across global financial crisis. Practical implications The research findings of this study are vital to the large group of stakeholders and participants of gold, crude oil, US dollar and stock market in emerging economies like India. The results are useful to importers, exporters, government, policy makers, corporate houses, retail investors, portfolio managers, commodity traders, treasury and fund managers, other commercial traders, etc. Originality/value This study is one of its kinds as it investigates the relationship among GODS in India in different sub-periods like before, during and after the global financial crisis of 2008. None of the studies compare phase-wise relationship among GODS in the Indian context. The study contributes to the economic theory and the body of knowledge. It highlights the need to revisit the economic theory to explain the interplay mechanism among GODS.

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Kumaraswamy, Sumathi, Yomna Abdulla, and Shrikant Krupasindhu Panigrahi. "Will Gold Prices Persist Post Pandemic Period? An Econometric Evidence." International Journal of Financial Studies 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs11010008.

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Recurrent stock market fall and rise sequel by COVID-19, rising global inflation, increase in Fed interest rates, the unprecedented meltdown of technology stocks, fear of trade wars, tightening of governments’ fiscal policies call for a new trend in international investing. It is time for the investors to rethink, rebalance and reset their investment strategies to position and protect their portfolios during and post-pandemic period. This paper attempts to forecast the gold prices for the post-pandemic era and explores whether gold will serve as a decisive hedge during this transition period. The techniques of ARCH, GARCH, E-GARCH, A-PARCH, and GARCH-M is employed in forecasting the conditional volatility of gold spot price from Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) of India. A total of 3631 observations were collected from the daily spot prices of gold from January 2009 to December 2022. The findings show that the gold prices in India are highly persistent similar to other emerging markets and that gold will remain a safe haven for investors and institutional investors in the post-pandemic period. This paper is the first of its kind to forecast gold prices for the post-pandemic period. The forecast price of 10-gram gold is expected to trade for 65,948 ₹ in the Indian MCX by 2026 if the gold prices behold its previous momentum. This forecast will help the investors to plan their portfolio diversification for the post-pandemic period.

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Bigwood, J. M. "Ctesias, his royal patrons and Indian swords." Journal of Hellenic Studies 115 (November 1995): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/631649.

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Like his predecessor Herodotus, Ctesias has a great deal to report of marvellous springs, lakes and other bodies of water. Indeed, in one of the most noteworthy tales in his book on India, he describes a remarkable well which produces not water but gold. The story has never been discussed in full. A recent scholar, in fact, in one of the few allusions to it, reproduces the account, but only in part, namely the lines which concern the gold. The original narrative, however, includes much more, for it deals, in addition, with the iron found at the bottom of the well and with its remarkable properties, as well as with the two swords of this metal which Ctesias allegedly received, one from the queen-mother, the other from the king.

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Bandhu Majumder, Sayantan. "Searching for hedging and safe haven assets for Indian equity market – a comparison between gold, cryptocurrency and commodities." Indian Growth and Development Review 15, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 60–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-10-2021-0131.

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Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the hedging and safe haven properties of gold, cryptocurrency and commodities against the Indian equity market. Design/methodology/approach First, the authors estimate the hedging and safe haven abilities of gold, cryptocurrency and commodities for the Indian stock market and further verify whether such properties vary across the broad stock market indices and over the different degrees of market volatility. Second, the authors use the multivariate GARCH framework to calculate the dynamic hedge ratios and hedging efficiencies to compare the hedging properties of the alternative asset classes. Third, the authors verify the robustness of the general findings during the recent crisis emanating from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings Gold, cryptocurrency and most commodities have significant hedging abilities. Only natural gas, crude oil and aluminum, on the other hand, have safe haven property. Neither gold nor cryptocurrency qualifies as a safe haven asset. On the other hand, the financialization of the Indian commodities market provides a significant dividend to investors in terms of hedging and safe haven capabilities. The authors find the least negative hedge ratio and the highest positive hedging effectiveness for the stock-crude oil and stock-natural gas portfolios. The central observations of the paper remain immune to the COVID crisis. Originality/value Focusing on the Indian equity market, the paper compares the diversification abilities of traditional assets like gold with those of the modern class of assets, including cryptocurrency and other commodities.

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Singh, Narinder Pal, and Navneet Joshi. "Investigating Gold Investment as an Inflationary Hedge." Business Perspectives and Research 7, no. 1 (October 25, 2018): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278533718800178.

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Gold and Indian culture have been sharing an age-old association. India is one of the top two consumers of gold. Gold is the most popular investment avenue because of its ability to provide liquidity. The average monthly price however has grown by 1,588 percent over the whole period from 1979 to 2017 (June). In this article, we intend to investigate gold as an investment to hedge against inflation. The sample period to study the relationship between gold and inflation is 2011–2017 (March). To analyze long-run equilibrium between gold and inflation (consumer price index [CPI]), Johansen’s cointegration approach has been used. The short- and long-run causality between gold and inflation has been studied using vector error correction model (VECM) and Wald test. The results of cointegration indicate that gold and CPI series are cointegrated and bear long-run equilibrium. Both VECM and Wald test results indicate that there is only long-run causality between CPI and gold prices. However, in short run these variables do not show any causality. Thus, we infer that gold investment can be used as hedge against Inflation. The findings of this research have got direct implications for retail investors, portfolio managers, treasury and fund managers, government, and commercial traders.

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Kumar, Dr Narender, and Mrs Sunita Arora. "Price Discovery in precious metals market: A study of Gold." GIS Business 13, no. 6 (December 6, 2018): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v13i6.3261.

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Gold is the oldest known precious metal on this earth and for a long time it has been used as a standard currency. The present study has been undertaken with an attempt to analyze whether Indian futures market is playing its role of price discovery in case of gold or not. For the purpose of study, data for spot and futures prices for a period of four and a half years starting from June 2005 to December 2009 has been collected from the website of Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited, India’s largest commodity exchange in terms of value of trading on commodity exchanges in India. Data has been tested for statioanrity and was found non stationary. It was then transformed to make it stationary. On the basis of Johansen’s cointegration test, series of spot and futures prices were found cointgrated. Granger Causality test was applied on stationary data. The results of the study show that futures market in India is performing its role of price discovery in case of Gold. Keywords: Price Discovery, Commodity Market, Granger Causality, Cointegration.

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Magliari, Michael F. "Free State Slavery: Bound Indian Labor and Slave Trafficking in California's Sacramento Valley, 1850–1864." Pacific Historical Review 81, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 155–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2012.81.2.155.

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Although it outlawed chattel slavery, antebellum California permitted the virtual enslavement of Native Americans under the 1850 Act for the Government and Protection of Indians. Drawing data from a rare and valuable cache of Indian indenture records at the Colusa County courthouse and interpreting them through the lens of Henry Bailey's candid pioneer memoir, this article offers a detailed case study of bound Native American labor and Indian slave trafficking in Northern California's Sacramento Valley. While never comprising a majority of the state's rural work force, bound Indian laborers proved essential to California's rise as a major agricultural producer. Compensating for the dearth of white women and children in male-dominated Gold Rush society and providing a vital alternative source of labor in an expensive free wage market, captive Indian farm hands and domestic servants enabled pioneer farm operations and communities to flourish throughout the formative 1850s and 1860s.

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Sen, Abhibasu, and Karabi Dutta Choudhury. "On the co-movement of crude, gold prices and stock index in the Indian market." International Journal of Financial Engineering 07, no. 03 (September 2020): 2050036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s242478632050036x.

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The nonlinear relationship in the joint time-frequency domain has been studied for the Indian National Stock Exchange (NSE) with the international Gold price and WTI Crude Price being converted from Dollar to Indian National Rupee based on that week’s closing exchange rate. Though a good correlation was obtained during some period, but as a whole no such cointegration relation can be found out. Using the Discrete Wavelet Analysis, the data was decomposed and the presence of Granger Causal relations was tested. Unfortunately, no significant relationships are being found. We then studied the Wavelet Coherence of the two pairs, namely NSE-Nifty & Gold and NSE-Nifty & Crude. For different frequencies, the coherence between the pairs have been studied. At lower frequencies, some relatively good coherence have been found. In this paper, we report for the first time the co-movements between Crude Oil, Gold and Indian Stock Market Index using Wavelet Analysis (both Discrete and Continuous), a technique which is most sophisticated and recent in market analysis. Thus, for long-term traders they can include gold and/or crude in their portfolio along with NSE-Nifty index in order to decrease the risk (volatility) of the portfolio for the Indian Market. But for short-term traders, it will not be effective, not to include all the three in their portfolio.

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Tuttle, Stephen, Lauren Hertan, and Joshua S. Katz. "Indian gold treating cancer in the age of nano." Cancer Biology & Therapy 11, no. 5 (March 2011): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cbt.11.5.14810.

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Acharya, Satya Ranjan, Amit Kumar Dwivedi, and Bhumika Darshak Panchal. "Application of data envelopment analysis on Indian gold ETFs." International Journal of Business Continuity and Risk Management 6, no. 2 (2015): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbcrm.2015.075779.

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Ruby Dhar, Arun Kumar, and Subhradip Karmakar. "Indian twin registry: A gold mine for genetic studies." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v14i8.56401.

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Twins are a source of curiosity, both for the family and the scientific community. Genetic similarities between twins have been the preferred choice to study the heritability of traits. The fact that nature and nurture play a significant role in shaping one’s phenotype has prompted Geneticists to use twins as a proxy to address this fact. Based on the similarities, twins are of two types, monozygotic twins (MZ) and Dizygotic twins (DZ). Identical or monozygotic twins are formed when one fertilized egg (ovum), fertilized by one sperm, splits and develops into two embryos with precisely the same genetic information. The combined ratio of MZ and DZ to singleton delivery is approx 1: 100. On the other hand, fraternal or dizygotic twins are formed when two eggs (ova) are fertilized by two sperm and produce two genetically unique children in the same pregnancy. Monochorionic twins are genetically identical, sharing the same placenta. If more than two twins share the placenta, these are monochorionic multiples. Monochorionic twins occur in 0.3% of all pregnancies. Monozygotic (identical) twins share all their genes, while dizygotic (fraternal) twins only share about 50%. Hence, any similarity seen between identical twins when comparing the similarity between sets of fraternal twins for a trait or condition is most probablydue to genes rather than environment. TWIN REGISTRIESProgress in twin research worldwide is carried out by establishing Twin registries or consortia based on collaborations of several twin families. These registries are a rich source of materials for Twin research. It is much needed to establish such Twin registries in India. With its 1.5 Billion population, Indian Twin registries can be a source of materials for Twin Research for the whole world.

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Chittineni, Jyothi. "Indian Implied Volatility Index: A Macroeconomic Study." Applied Economics and Finance 5, no. 5 (August 30, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v5i5.3585.

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The study investigates the dynamic behavior of Indian implied volatility index and its time dependent conditional correlations with selected macroeconomic variables. The volatility of macroeconomic variables is likely to put burden on inflation and also influence the economic decisions as investment vehicles. Thus, the volatility of these variables has become central issue for fund managers and investors. The study uses three macroeconomic variables, oil price, gold price and federal fund rate over the period 2nd March 2009 to 30th June 2018. The Dynamic Regime-Switching model reveals that the Indian Implied volatility index exhibits two regimes high volatility and low volatility states. There exists a high degree of synchronicity between Indian VIX and oil price movement. Oil price has significant impact on India VIX during high volatile state. The result alarms the attention of monetary policy makers. The policy of oil price deregulation has to be carefully monitored.

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Kinslin, D., and V. P. Velmurugan. "The Relationship between Macroeconomic Factors and Stock Market Indices Performances in Indian Stock Market." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (December 9, 2018): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24206.

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This investigation endeavors in observationally testing the connection between macroeconomic variables and the exhibitions of two noteworthy Indian security advertise lists of BSE-sensex and NSE-clever. The yearly information of a few macroeconomic elements of FIIs net venture, trade rates, oil value, financing costs, swelling rates and gold rates from 1995-96 to 2014-15 are thought about and it attempts to uncover the most impact of these elements on the 'Stock files exhibitions' of the Indian securities exchange. In compatibility of this, the connection investigation and various relapse examination was utilized to contemplate the connection between the two chose security advertise files exhibitions and the six chose macroeconomic elements from the Indian economy. The significant finding is that macroeconomic elements impact securities exchange lists exhibitions in India. It is suggested that the usage of appropriate monetary approaches will be useful to money markets files and it will result in required development in the Indian capital market.

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Anjali and K. T. Thomachan. "A LONG RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOLD PRICE AND INFLATION- EVIDENCE FROM THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2015): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i6.2015.3005.

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The study examines the long run relationship between gold price and inflation from the Indian experience. The main objective of the study is to identify whether there is long run relationship between the gold price and inflation. For the investigation three year monthly data from July 2011 to June 2014. The study is conducted by Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Test, Johansen Co-integration Test and Granger Causality Test and finally came to the conclusion that there is no long run relationship between gold price and inflation.

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Singh, Anupam Kumar, and Amit Lohia. "FEV1/FEV6: A Reliable, Easy-to-Use, and Cheaper Alternative to FEV1/FVC in Diagnosing Airway Obstruction in Indian Population." ISRN Pulmonology 2012 (October 14, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/109295.

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Background. FEV1/FEV6 has been proposed as a cheap, reproducible and valid alternative to FEV1/FVC in spirometry. No Indian data exists on its utility to diagnose airway obstruction. Aim. we sought to determine a fixed cut off of FEV1/FEV6 to diagnose obstruction corresponding to FEV1/FVC < 0.70 proposed by GOLD guidelines. Method. Spirometry was done on patient referred to a tertiary centre in India. Age, sex, height weight were recorded in addition to spirometric variables like FEV1, FVC, FEV6. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of FEV1/FEV6 were determined with respect to gold standard of FEV1/FVC < 0.70. Results. 467 spirometries were analysed after meeting the ATS acceptability criteria. Considering FEV1/FVC < 0.7 as being the gold standard for obstruction, ROC curve was used to determine the best corresponding cut-off for FEV1/FEV6. The area under the curve was 99.3% (95% CI: 98.1–99.8%), and the FEV1/FEV6 cut-off, corresponding to the greatest sum of sensitivity and specificity, was 73%. For the total population, the FEV1/FEV6 sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were was 95.7 %, 94.2 %, 87.5 % and 97.9 % respectively. Agreement by Kappa value between two cut offs was excellent 0.89 (0.87–0.91). Conclusion. FEV1/FEV6 < 73% is a new reliable spirometry index to diagnose airway obstruction in Indian population.

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Grennell, ST. "India Meets the Challenge and Goes for Gold." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/ijdr.ijdr_147_17.

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S, Vanitha, and Saravanakumar K. "The usage of gold and the investment analysis based on gold rate in India." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 4296. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp4296-4301.

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Gold is one of the main commodities where the customers invest their money comparatively with bank for better interest. In the Indian context people purchase gold for their children’s marriages for later period. The investment in gold is better suits for easy conversion into money with quickest possible time from the bank and gold merchants. The appreciation or depreciation of gold based on other investment options like fixed deposit, provident fund, international crude oil price, stock market, mutual fund etc. The comparative analysis of gold with other investment options give an edge to the customer to clearly understand the investment pattern for their hard-earned money expected to give good returns in the future.

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Nehere, Kalpana. "Patriarchal Features in Post-Independence Indian English Novels." Feminist Research 2, no. 2 (June 2, 2019): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj2.18020203.

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Feminist analyses of novels can give insights about women’s life in contemporary society. Fifteen Indian novels written after independence by women and men novelists have been reviewed to understand the role of patriarchy with feminist approach. These novels depict patriarchy as symbolic power, property rights, essence of father, husband and child, urge for son, women’s activities for the sake of husband, etc. Hierarchal stratified caste base Indian social structure supports patriarchy as notion. Characters, setting or situations, dialogues, point of view, etc. in these selected novels show unequal, secondary and exploited status of women in Indian society. Women blindly follow patriarchal rules and traditional structure with rituals. Therefore, justice, liberty, equality and fraternity given in Constitution of India are yet to be achieved for women. Only few characters are rebellious for their constitutional rights and came out of home at workplaces but as ‘hands of gold’. The findings and analysis of the study are useful to understand the status of women in Indian society for planning and management to achieve constitutional provisions for social welfare.

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Jayaraman K and Radhakrishnan N. "The Wings of Development." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITIES 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2015): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/ijsth46.

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Indian Economy is poised for development particularly after the economic reform that was unleashed in the year 1991. The economic reforms must be viewed in the actual happenings in various areas of Indian Economy. The results of the Indian Economy show that the performance of it does notshare the ideals of the proponents of the capitalism or economists aligned with the free market economic concepts. A bird’s eye view indicates a constant deterioration of Current Account Deficit (CAD), Volatile Forex market, oscillating stock market, agrarian crisis accentuated by the onslaught of BT Cotton and Multinational Corporations (MNCs). Due to the widening fiscal deficit, the Govt. of India had to pledge 400 tonnes worth of Gold with the IMF to tide over the problems it faced then. That time the crisis was lesser in magnitude and impact when we compare this to the present situation.

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NATARAJAN, K. A. "An Integrated Biotechnological Approach to Gold Processing - An Indian Experience." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 19, no. 1 (January 1998): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827509608962443.

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Gaba, Ashima, and Ravinder Kumar. "Reaction of Indian Gold Exchange Traded Funds to Covid-19 Cases and Fatalities." International Research Journal of Business Studies 14, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.14.3.187-198.

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Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) are recently popularised new form of financial market instruments that provide benefit of both mutual funds and stocks. Present study investigated if there exists any difference between the average returns of selected Gold ETFs during Covid-19 era against pre Covid-19 era and subsequently analyzed the long-term and short-term impact of new Covid-19 cases and fatalities on returns of Gold ETFs through Auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. It has been observed that in long term new Covid-19 cases had positive and significant impact on the returns of ETFs while new fatalities had significant negative impact on the returns of all the Gold ETFs except for BSLGOLD ETF. Short-run relationship between dependent and independent variables was in contrast to the long-term relationship.

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Journal articles on the topic 'INDIAN GOLD'

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