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1
Balderston, Anna. "Profligate or Prudent: The Efficacy of Development Expenditures in Indian States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1730.
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This study examines the relationship between state-wise development expenditures and observed levels of development under the umbrella of the Reserve Bank of India’s implicit guarantee of state bonds. By analyzing the correlation between certain variables outside of each state’s control and levels of development, this thesis aims to determine which Indian states outperform or underperform their predicted levels of development. Moreover, it will aim to identify patterns of development expenditure that led to outperformance or underperformance. States that underperform predicted levels of development while spending above the state-wise average on relevant development sectors can be said to have squandered development expenditures, while those that outperform predicted levels while spending below the state-wise mean likely spend more efficiently. Both of these observations have implications for the central bank’s implicit guarantee policy.
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MusÌ£tÌ£afaÌ, KhaÌ„lid. "The institution of cooperation, credit and the process of development in the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273837.
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Gupta, Romanshi. "Sanitation, Ek Prem Katha: The Impact of Sanitation on Education in Indian Government Schools." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1260.
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The Total Sanitation Campaign is an initiative launched by the Government of India in 1999 to accelerate sanitation coverage throughout the country. This thesis measures the impact of the Total Sanitation Campaign on education in Indian government schools. I assess whether access to toilets, access to water or access to both toilets and water impact the following parameters of education: literacy, current enrollment in school or completed years of education. Data is sourced from the Indian Human Development Survey (IHDS) 2005, sorted for the nineteen major states in India and aggregated at a district level for each state. The analysis employs two separate probit regression models to assess sanitation facilities’ impact on literacy and current enrollment in school, and a robust linear model to assess sanitation facilities’ impact on completed years of education. The models control for age, sex, caste, religion, household location, household size and household income. The results indicate that sanitation facilities positively impact education based on the age, sex and caste of the sample population. These findings present implications for future policymaking in order to improve access to and participation in education.
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Bindal, Aditya. "The Great Indian Growth Puzzle: What Caused a Spike in 2003?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/140.
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This paper will employ unit root tests for finding structural breaks endogenously among India’s key macroeconomic aggregate series, as well as their components and subcomponents. The same analysis will be repeated, wherever data are available, for states. The results from these unit root tests will then be used in regression models for national and state level data to understand the causes behind structural breaks. We find that breakpoints cluster around 1982 and 2003 for most series at the national and state level. The services component appears to be a promising candidate for explaining the 2003 structural break in some of the series.
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Garg, Manika. "Human Development and Subnationalism: A Disaggregated Analysis of Indian States: Kerala and Uttar Pradesh." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1843.
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This thesis investigates achievements in human development outcomes on health, education, and poverty indicators across Indian states, in order to discern what factors might influence a state’s better orientation toward social policies. After conducting data analysis, the study explains differences in outcomes, as achieved by Kerala and Uttar Pradesh, by building an argument of subnational solidarity and its impact on determining the state’s policy agendas.
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Lindén, Rut. "Educational policies serving the poor : A case study of student's performance in Indian hostels." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5995.
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This study examines the effect on school achievement of a policy such as hostels, aimed at
giving children from a poor socioeconomic background an opportunity to receive education.
Data is collected from two different schools in a district in Andhra Pradesh, India, in which
both hostel students and day-scholar students, having a similar background, are studying.
Exam scores for three different subjects are used as dependent variables in the analysis. The
results indicate that private hostels do have a positive effect on achievement in all subjects,
thereby contributing to reducing the large gap in school achievement between different
socioeconomic groups
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Nekomanesh, Sarmad, and Martin Islo. "Institutions for Sustainability : The Case of Green Building Certifications." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-120466.
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Society is becoming increasingly dependent on the development of institutions generatingsustainability. In order to speed up this development there is a need to find, evaluate andgeneralize existing institutional mechanisms holding this characteristic. In this study, the current theoretical framework is expanded to describe how an institution shouldbe designed to generate sustainability. To explain this, a distinction is made between short-termefficient markets (currently known as Pareto-efficient markets) and long-term efficient markets(currently known as ‘strong’ or ecologic sustainability). Further, a sustainable development isdefined as a combination of short-term and long-term Pareto-efficiency. This implies that aconsumption decision today cannot make an individual better off, without making anothercurrent or future individual worse off. Green building certifications are an interesting candidate to empirically test the theoreticalframework. An empirical study was made in cooperation with Confederation of Indian Industry -Indian Green Building Council, consisting of 18 qualitative interviews with companies andexperts in the Indian building industry. The main purpose of the study has been to investigatewhy actors engage in green building and green building certifications, or why they do not. Theresults have then been analyzed and put in an institutional context. Building on these results, conclusions have been drawn that bring a valuable perspective to theongoing debate on sustainability. Green building certifications have several interestingcharacteristics contributing to a sustainable development. Most importantly, results areindicating that short-term economic efficiency can lead to long-term mechanisms generatingsustainability. However, there are also limitations to the growth of certifications as an institution,e.g. cultural aspects, risk of ambiguity and insufficient levels of human capital.Utvecklingen av institutioner som genererar hållbarhet blir allt viktigare. För att påskynda dennautveckling finns det ett behov av att hitta, utvärdera och generalisera befintliga institutionellamekanismer som uppfyller denna egenskap. För att kunna beskriva hur en institution bör utformas för att generera hållbarhet, utökar dennastudie det aktuella teoretiska ramverket. En distinktion görs mellan kortsiktigt Pareto-effektivamarknader (detta är att likställas med nuvarande begreppet ’Pareto-effektiva marknader’) ochlångsiktigt Pareto-effektiva marknader (detta är att likställas med ’ekologisk hållbarhet’). Vidareär hållbar utveckling definierad som en kombination av kortsiktigt- och långsiktigt effektivamarknader. Detta innebär att ett konsumptionsbeslut idag inte kan öka välfärden för en individ,utan att minska välfärden för en annan nuvarande eller framtida individ. Certifieringar för hållbart byggande är en intressant kandidat för att empiriskt testa det teoretiskaramverket. Fallstudien gjordes i samarbete med Confederation of Indian Industry - Indian GreenBuilding Council, och består av 18 kvalitativa intervjuer med företag och experter inom denindiska byggindustrin. Det huvudsakliga syftet med studien har varit att undersöka varför aktörerengagerar sig i grönt byggande och certifieringar, eller varför de väljer att inte göra det.Resultaten har sedan analyserats och satts i ett institutionellt sammanhang. Som institution har certifieringarna flera intressanta egenskaper som bidrar till en hållbarutveckling. Slutsatserna i studien skänker ett värdefullt perspektiv till den pågåendehållbarhetsdiskussionen, framförallt genom att påvisa att kortsiktig ekonomisk effektivitet kanleda till mekanismer som skapar hållbar utveckling. Det finns också begränsningar i tillväxten avdenna typ av institution som kan härledas till t.ex. kulturella skillnader, antalet certifieringar påmarknaden samt tillgång till humankapital.
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Rai, Pronoy. "The Indian State and the Micropolitics of Food Entitlements." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1368004369.
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Powis, Benjamin. "Penetrating localities : participatory development and pragmatic politics in rural Andhra Pradesh, India." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/43090/.
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This research sets out to explore the interface between the new politics of localisation and the political process in India. Governments and donors have increasingly emphasised the locality as the primary unit of development and politics. This new trajectory has been manifest in the increase of community-based organisations and mechanisms of participatory governance at the local level. From the late 1990s, the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh emerged as one of the most important examples of this new developmental politics and this research sets out to explore how local dynamics changed as a result. Political economy approaches tend to focus on state-periphery relations in terms of interest groups or vote banks. By contrast, this research found the village to be an enduring unit in the political system through which political identity manifests itself through three features. First, participation in local elections is driven by common forces of politics of parties, caste and corruption but its outcome is dependent on the specific context at the village level. Second, new participatory institutions created through state policy were found to merge with informal practices at the local level and produce a complex interplay between the new local and state identities. Third, analysis of leadership found evidence of a well-defined system of organisation within party groups at the village level, which were shaped not by party institutions but by the inner workings of village politics. These findings give cause to reassess the way in which we understand policy and political change. I do so by expanding on Skocpol's polity approach, which focused attention on the dynamic interplay of policy and social structure. Drawing on elements of the 'political development' theory, the concept of a ‘developing polity' approach is elaborated on, to better explain the complex interplay between local and higher level politics. These findings have implications for understanding both political change in India and development strategy. The macro-perspective on the decay of political institutions is contrasted with a local perspective that finds evidence of the vitality of party politics at the village level. This has a number of important implications for development, both in terms of the way in which we analyse participation and the way in which participatory development can be translated into political change
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Strachey, Antonia. "The Princely States v British India : fiscal history, public policy and development in modern India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4bceba59-198a-4be8-b405-b9448fd70126.
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This dissertation examines how direct versus indirect rule shaped late colonial India through government finance. Fiscal policy has hitherto been overlooked in the literature on Indian economic history. This thesis considers how revenues were raised and spent in the Princely States compared with British India, and the welfare outcomes associated with these fiscal decisions. Part One examines the fiscal framework through the neglected public accounts. The key finding is that while the systems of taxation were broadly similar in both types of administration, patterns of public expenditure were dramatically different. The large Princely States spent more public revenue on social expenditure. This was made possible by lower proportionate expenditure on security and defence. Part one charts these trends empirically and unearths political and institutional reasons for the differences in fiscal policy between directly and indirectly ruled India. Part Two examines welfare. The study goes beyond previous anthropometric scholarship by assessing the impact of institutions and policies on biological living standards, deploying a new database of adult male heights in South India. Puzzlingly, heights were slightly lower in the Princely States, traditionally lauded for being more responsive to the needs of their populations, especially those of low status. The resolution to the conundrum is found in poorer initial conditions, and caste dynamics. Higher social expenditure and reduced height inequality occurred simultaneously in the States from the 1910s, suggesting policies directed at low status groups within the Princely States may have been successful. I also examine the consequences of Britain's policy of constructing an extensive rail network across the country. Importantly, the impact of railways differed by caste. Railways were good for High Caste groups, and bad for low status Dalit and Tribal groups. This suggests that railways served to reinforce the existing caste distinctions in access to resources and net nutrition.
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Nishant, Chadha. "Essays on Indian economic development and political changes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44002.
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Post independence Indian politics was dominated by one party, the Indian National Congress. The first serious challenge to the Congress emerged in the late 1960s, in the form of peasant parties in north India, the Bhartiya Lok Dal (BLD). By the late 1980's the Congress had considerably weakened, and a new wave of parties emerged, this time based in ethnic identity, the right wing Hindu Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) and the low caste Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP). This thesis studies the role that economic changes played in the emergence of these parties and some economic effects of these political developments. The first research chapter empirically investigates the role of the Green revolution (adoption of new seed varieties) in the political mobilization of peasants and the emergence of the BLD. The emergence of the BSP led to the strengthening of the low caste political network. Access to this new network gave low caste people increased bargaining power over corrupt officials. The effect that this had is the subject of the second chapter. I find that the emergence of the BSP leads to increased influence of low caste households over corrupt officials and reduction in the bribes they pay. The last chapter studies the sharp increase in support for ethnic parties, the BJP and BSP, between the period 1989-96. It specifically investigates whether these increases were related to ethnic polarization. I uncover a positive relationship. During this time period more polarized districts experienced greater increases in the support for ethnic parties. The main contribution of this thesis lies in postulating and finding evidence for the relationship between economic and political changes in India in the recent past.
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Nishant, Chadha. "Essays on Indian economic development and political change." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44002.
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Post independence Indian politics was dominated by one party, the Indian National Congress. The first serious challenge to the Congress emerged in the late 1960s, in the form of peasant parties in north India, the Bhartiya Lok Dal (BLD). By the late 1980's the Congress had considerably weakened, and a new wave of parties emerged, this time based in ethnic identity, the right wing Hindu Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) and the low caste Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP). This thesis studies the role that economic changes played in the emergence of these parties and some economic effects of these political developments. The first research chapter empirically investigates the role of the Green revolution (adoption of new seed varieties) in the political mobilization of peasants and the emergence of the BLD. The emergence of the BSP led to the strengthening of the low caste political network. Access to this new network gave low caste people increased bargaining power over corrupt officials. The effect that this had is the subject of the second chapter. I find that the emergence of the BSP leads to increased influence of low caste households over corrupt officials and reduction in the bribes they pay. The last chapter studies the sharp increase in support for ethnic parties, the BJP and BSP, between the period 1989-96. It specifically investigates whether these increases were related to ethnic polarization. I uncover a positive relationship. During this time period more polarized districts experienced greater increases in the support for ethnic parties. The main contribution of this thesis lies in postulating and finding evidence for the relationship between economic and political changes in India in the recent past.Arts, Faculty of
Vancouver School of Economics
Graduate
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Mantovanelli, Federico. "Essays in Development Economics." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3793.
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Thesis advisor: Scott FulfordThesis advisor: Mathis Wagner
This dissertation consists of three chapters. The first chapter investigates how the historical development of Protestantism may contribute to explain current literacy disparities in India. Combining information about the spatial distribution of Protestant missions in India at the end of the nineteenth century with contemporary district-level data, I find a strong long-term relationship between the historical exposure to Protestant missions and current literacy. I then verify that this relationship is not driven by unobserved characteristics that may affect both current literacy outcomes as well as the missionaries' location decisions. The second chapter exploits local variations in the historical exposure to Christianity to explain current differences in individual HIV-related sexual behaviors in Africa. I find that exposure to the presence of Catholic missions at the end of the nineteenth century is associated with a decrease in current HIV infection rates. I also examine whether historical Catholic and Protestant missions have a different impact on individual sexual behaviors. I find that Catholicism, while having a small negative impact on the propensity of condom use, is positively associated with the adoption of safer forms of sexual behavior (pre-marriage sexual abstinence, delay of first sexual intercourse and marital faithfulness). Finally, in the third chapter I examine the impact of international migration and remittances on the labor supply of the family members left behind. Using data from Albania, I find that international migration has a significant impact on labor force participation. Remittances receipts from abroad determine a substitution effect away from the labor market, particularly for the female population
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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Paul, Sourabh Bikas. "Essays on economic development in India." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37189.
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My research is an empirical investigation of how some recent changes in the Indian economy have affected the most vulnerable sections of Indian society. The thesis has three chapters. The first chapter examines the impact of the tariff reductions undertaken in 1991 across different consumption groups. I evaluate the distributional impact of tariff reforms in India using household survey data. I estimate the overall gains coming from general equilibrium effects of the commodity market and labour market adjustment; all consumption groups have significant welfare gains. In addition, it appears that tariff reforms have a pro-poor distributional effect in rural areas and a pro-rich distributional effect in urban areas.
The second chapter deals with income opportunities of underprivileged classes in India. Can large macroeconomic changes also alter the historical economic mobility patterns of various social groups? We examine this question by contrasting the fortunes of the historically disadvantaged scheduled castes and tribes (SC/ST) in India with the rest of the workforce in terms of their education attainment, occupation choices and wages. Our key findings are that wages have been converging across the two groups with rising education attainments accounting for the majority of this convergence. SC/STs have also been switching occupations at increasing rates during this period. Moreover, inter-generational education and income mobility rates of SC/STs have converged to non-SC/ST levels.
In the third chapter, I present some estimates for India that demonstrate that structural changes in the impact of income on food demand have been significant factors driving the changes in dietary patterns in this rapidly growing economy. A Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System is estimated for six food groups. The estimation results confirm a shift in taste of both rural and urban households that explains low demand for nutrient-rich inexpensive food and a greater variety of expensive sources of nutrients. The quality of diet has been falling in terms of excessive fat intake with no sign of significant improvement in diet quality in terms of other nutrients.
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Venkatasubramaniam, Shivram 1964. "Economic development through entrepreneurship in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29720.
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Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-63).
Entrepreneurship, with all its attendant ingredients, is one of the best means of triggering economic and social development in developing countries like India. There are several staple and mandatory ingredients necessary for the nourishment of entrepreneurship such as capital, labor, management, and several others; and several milestones in the evolution of an entrepreneurial opportunity such as funding, recruitment, and so on. As entrepreneurship ideas and opportunities take form and substance, the prevailing process for entrepreneurship in a country results gradually guides an entrepreneur past numerous milestones. The value of entrepreneurship as an economic development tool lies in the compression and/or acceleration of the overall process of entrepreneurship in a country by providing pinpointed assistance in three areas viz. idea development, capital and skills procurement, and organizational growth. This is best achieved by an organizational entity committed to accelerating the entrepreneurship process. This thesis follows through on the above idea specifically in the context of India. India is a durable democracy with a long legacy and history of entrepreneurship dating back to the first century B.C. Modern India features political and economic policies that favour global trade and business, a reliable yet evolving regulatory and legal framework, a resilient financial system, an educated and English-speaking labor force that offers tremendous cost advantages and a growing educational infrastructure of education institutions that offer excellent higher education in technology and business. In summary, as developing countries go, India offers an excellent milieu for aspiring entrepreneurs. A summary country analysis detailing this forms the first part of the thesis. The thesis then identifies candidate business models that could effectively support the one-point agenda of catalyzing entrepreneurship. These four business models differ with respect to the organizational form of the entity concerned, the metrics for success, the measurement of the metrics, possible conflicts of interest, and the estimated overall risk of the venture in the Indian context. The most viable and effective business model is selected. Finally, the thesis builds on the model selected and presents a comprehensive business plan for accelerating entrepreneurship in India.
by Shivram Venkatasubramaniam.
S.M.M.O.T.
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Calvi, Rossella. "Essays on Health and Family Economics in India." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106809.
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Thesis advisor: Arthur LewbelA person's health not only influences her chance of surviving to adulthood and her life expectancy, but also her economic decisions, her productivity, and her well-being. Since a healthy population is a major factor in economic development, it is important to understand the determinants of individuals' health-related decisions and outcomes. The three essays that comprise this dissertation make advancements in this direction and focus on the Indian subcontinent. The first and second essays analyze how intra-household decision making affects individuals' health outcomes and welfare, with a special attention towards within family gender inequality. The third essay studies how exposure to historical medical facilities affects individual health outcomes across generations. From a methodological point of view, this dissertation highlights the advantages of combining economic models with data from a wide range of sources, theory with empirics. I employ both quasi-experimental and structural estimation methods, using the former to uncover relevant causal links and policy levers, and the latter to estimate deep parameters, overcome data limitations and perform counterfactual policy analysis. More broadly, with this work I stress the importance of research in development economics being open to a variety of methodologies and empirical approaches. The ratio of women to men is particularly low in India relative to developed countries. It has recently been argued that close to half of these missing women are of post-reproductive ages (45 and above), but what drives this phenomenon remains unclear. In the first essay, titled “Why Are Older Women Missing in India? The Age Profile of Bargaining Power and Poverty”, I provide an explanation for this puzzle that is based on intra-household bargaining and resource allocation. I use both reduced-form and structural modeling to establish the critical connections between women's bargaining position within the household, their health, and their age. First, using amendments to the Indian inheritance law as a natural experiment, I demonstrate that improvements in women's bargaining position within the household lead to better health outcomes. Next, with a structural model of Indian households, I show that women's bargaining power and their ability to access household resources deteriorate at post-reproductive ages. Thus, at older ages poverty rates are significantly higher among women than men. The analysis indicates that gender inequality within the household and the consequent gender asymmetry in poverty can account for a substantial fraction of missing women of post-reproductive ages. Finally, I demonstrate that policies aimed at promoting intra-household equality, such as improving women's rights to inherit property, can have a large impact on female poverty and mortality. The first essay contributes to a wide literature showing that a relevant determinant of the household decisions and outcomes is the relative bargaining position of the decision makers. Although this link is well-accepted in this literature, intra-household bargaining power is de facto an unobserved variable. In the second essay, joint with Arthur Lewbel and Denni Tommasi and titled “Women's Empowerment and Family Health: A Two-Step Approach”, we propose a novel two-step approach to overcome this data limitation and to directly assess the causal link between women's empowerment and family health. In the first stage, we structurally recover a dollar-based measure of women's intra-household empowerment, with a clear interpretation provided by economic theory; in the second stage, we identify the causal effect of women's decision power relative to men's on household members' health. We demonstrate that women's bargaining power improves their own health outcomes, while not affecting their spouses'. When we turn to children, we find that improvements in women's position within the family does not affect their weight or height, but it increases their likelihood to receive vaccinations. The determinants of individuals' health, however, go beyond the family, and trace back to historical developments. In the third essay, joint with Federico Mantovanelli and titled “Long-Term Effects of Access to Health Care: Medical Missions in Colonial India”, we examine the long-term effect of access to historical health facilities on current individual health outcomes. To this aim, we construct a novel and fully geocoded dataset that combines contemporary individual-level data with historical information on Protestant medical missions. We exploit variation in the activities of missionary societies and use an instrumental variable approach to show that proximity to a Protestant medical mission has a causal effect on individuals' health status. The investigation of potential transmission channels indicates that the long-run effect of access to health care is not driven by persistence of infrastructure, but by changes in individual habits regarding hygiene, preventive care and health awareness, which have been bequeathed over time. Important policy implications can be drawn. First, policies aimed at promoting gender equality within families, such as improving women's property and inheritance rights, can have positive spillovers on women's health, poverty and mortality, and can boost health investments in children. Second, as the population in India and in other developing countries ages, gender asymmetries among the elderly need to be further investigated and promptly addressed by the development practitioners. Third, intra-household inequalities, between genders and across ages, should be taken into account when measuring poverty and evaluating the effect of policies to alleviate it. Finally, in light of the existence of long-run effects, the expansion of health care access in India should become an even more prominent goal for policy makers, as it can beneficially affect both current and future generations
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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Roy, Chaudhuri Arka. "Caste, religious conflict and economic development : the Indian experience." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54247.
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This thesis aims to understand the economic and political changes in India and how it affects different marginalized groups in India. It looks at the effects of mandated political representation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, the effect of British colonization on Hindu-Muslim conflict in post-Independent India and the evolution of economic conditions of Muslims in India in the past three decades. The first research chapter looks at the effect of political quotas for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes on households belonging to these groups. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes form some of the most disadvantaged groups in India.
I exploit the policy rule mandating reservations for these groups to identify the effect of political representation of these groups. I find that for Scheduled Caste politicians effectively target narrow based public goods such as participation in workfare program to members of their own ethnic groups but do not do so for broad based public goods such as health, education and access to subsidized food grains. The second research chapter looks at the effect of British colonization on post-Independence religious conflict in India. British colonialism has often been blamed for the worsening of Hindu-Muslim relations. Comparing districts ruled by native kings with districts which were ruled directly by the British, I find no adverse effect of British colonialism. The third research chapter looks at the evolution of the economic conditions of Muslims in the last three decades-a period which has been characterized by rapid economic growth in India. I compare Muslims with non-Muslims in education, occupation choice, wages and consumption expenditure. I find that Muslims are worse off compared to non-Muslims and this relative deprivation gets more acute over time.Arts, Faculty of
Vancouver School of Economics
Graduate
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Renfer, Philippe. "Economic Reform and Business Transformation in India The developmental role of the state in the Indian IT industry /." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/00638106001/$FILE/00638106001.pdf.
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Siméon, Geneviève. "Maldéveloppement socio-économique dans les communautés Attikameks-Montagnaises et la question de l'autonomie gouvernementale /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Venugopal, Sajith Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "The economics of petroleum exploration and development in India." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Petroleum Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23410.
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This thesis provides the background to and an analysis of the economics of exploring for and developing oil and gas discoveries in India. It is aimed at helping the oil and gas industry assess the financial attractiveness of investment in that country. The thesis describes the geography, climate, infrastructure, and energy market with an emphasis on how these affect upstream oil and gas industry investment. A detailed description and analysis is given of the petroleum production sharing contract ("PSC") terms embodied in India's New Exploration Licensing Policy ("NELP"), and demonstrates that, depending on negotiations, Government Take under NELP terms is likely to be in the range 50% to 60% for a stand-alone petroleum development. However, PSC terms are regressive for marginal discoveries. In particular, State royalties might hinder the development of small or marginal discoveries and render them uneconomic. As an illustration, depending on the oil price, up to 6 MMbbls of oil in otherwise economically viable small fields in a geological basin might be made uneconomic and left stranded because of the effect of royalties. The thesis also analyses the economics of developing a sample of actual Indian oil and gas fields offshore the east and west coasts of the country in shallow and deep water. Onshore field developments are not analysed because of lack of data. All of the offshore developments analysed are profitable based on past and current economic conditions and knowledge. The majority are also relatively low-risk investments. Finally, the thesis evaluates the profitability of new oil and gas exploration and development offshore the east and west coasts of India. The required minimum size of new exploration prospects are in the range 10 to 17 MMbbls for oil prospects and 138 to 1,100 Bcf for gas prospects assuming a low probability of success. Once a new discovery is made, the required minimum economically developable reserves are 4 to 12 MMbbls for oil discoveries and 63 to 1,400 Bcf for gas discoveries.
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Novosad, Paul. "Essays on Local Economic Growth in India." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11100.
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Indira, Nagaraju Rajeev. "India's Economic Growth: Role of Political Performance and Gender Wage Gap." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4370.
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This dissertation will explore how gender wage gap and political capacity represented by relative political extraction affect change in economic growth rate of a country. The main argument of the study is that gender wage gap is affecting the labor market by discouraging productive female labor force from entering the labor market. This in turn affects the efficiency and productivity of the labor market reflected in negative economic growth or economic growth potential being compromised. Here the case of Indian economy is examined. The important policy implication of this study is that it could account for the wage differential between genders and it could show how economies are missing out on the labor productivity and in turn negatively affecting the rate of economic growth.
Various sociological literatures have dealt in depth with the gender wage gap and its effect on the socio-cultural fabric of a society. While the current study recognizes existence of extensive sociological theories on gender wage gap, the focus is on the economic impact of gender wage gap on the growth rate change of a country. The argument is that gender wage gap negatively affects the economic growth rate change.
Economic growth literature have proved beyond doubt that economic and political factor together contribute to the economic growth of a country. Political variables such as political capacity reflects the efficiency of the government in resource extraction, its reach and allocation of those resources extracted. Such an efficient government provides the necessary environment for the economic growth. However, this political variable alone is not enough to increase economic growth of an economy. Rather governments must also possess the economic tools necessary, such as capital stock, human labor and labor force.
These economic and political variables together can contribute towards an increased economic growth. How these political and economic factors combine to achieve economic growth of a country? Hence this study looks at both the economic and political variables in a model to see how they affect economic growth.
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Asher, Samuel Edward. "Three Essays on Local Economic Development in India." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10996.
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This dissertation examines the determinants of local economic and political development in India. In the first chapter, I study the impact that agricultural income shocks have on the local nonfarm economy. I find that positive rainfall shocks induce significant employment growth, not in the rural areas where agricultural production takes place but in the nearby towns. Manufacturing firms in particular respond to changes in agricultural production. Further investigation suggests that the most likely mechanism is a capital channel by which local agricultural surplus funds investments in urban manufacturing. In the second chapter, I examine the relationship between natural resource wealth and political outcomes. The interaction of mineral deposit locations and global price changes provide exogenous variation in the value of mineral wealth of state legislative assembly constituencies in India. I find that margins of victory, incumbency advantages and politician criminality are increasing in local mineral wealth. I test three channels for the criminality effect: (i) greater criminality in office; (ii) adverse selection of politicians into the political system; and (iii) greater success of criminal candidates in elections, finding the strongest evidence for the third effect. Finally, in the third chapter, I evaluate the importance of transportation costs to rural economic development. I take advantage of the allocation rules of a large-scale road construction program in India to estimate the impact of village roads on nonfarm economic activity. I find that new paved roads lead to large increases in village employment. Roads lead to an increase in firm size, suggesting that firms are inefficiently small when transport costs are high. Further, I find evidence that roads are most effective in the presence of electricity, suggesting complementarities between infrastructural investments.Economics
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Figueras, Irma Clots. "Female political representation and economic development in India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2692/.
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The first substantive chapter of this thesis studies the impact of a politician's gender on the educational achievements of a representative sample of Indian citizens aged 13-39 in 1999/2000. For this purpose I collected a unique and detailed dataset on politicians in India who contested in elections during 1967-2001 and I matched them to individuals by district of residence. These data allows me to identify close elections between women and men, which yield quasi-experimental election outcomes used to estimate the causal effect of a politician's gender. I find that increasing female political representation by 10 percentage points increases the probability that an individual attains primary education in urban areas by 6 percentage points, which is 21% of the difference in primary education attainment between the richest and the poorest Indian states. This framework is then applied in the second substantive chapter to analyze whether politicians in India favour individuals who share their same identity more than the rest in policy making. I do this by matching the politician's identity to the identity of the beneficiaries of educational policies. I focus on the two groups that have lower educational achievements in India: women and the Scheduled Castes and Tribes. I use reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) and variation on female political representation in order to determine the politicians' identity. Results show that caste reservations only have a positive effect on the education received by SC/ST individuals when the proportion of SC/ST population in the district is high. Female politicians increase girls' education in urban areas. In addition when defining identity as gender and caste, results show that SC/ST female politicians increase women's and SC/ST's education while general female politicians increase women's and general individuals' education. Given that development policies are taken by the state governments, in the third substantive chapter I use panel data from the 16 main states in India during the period 1967-1999 to study the effects of having higher female representation in the State Legislatures on public goods provided, laws enacted and expenditure. I find that both the politicians' gender and caste matter for policy. Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe female legislators favour investments in primary education, and in beds in hospitals and dispensaries. They favour "women-friendly" laws, such as amendments to the Hindu Succession Act, proposed to give women the same inheritance rights as men and propoor redistributive policies such as land reforms. In contrast, general female legislators do not have any impact on "women-friendly" laws, oppose land reforms, invest in higher tiers of education and reduce social expenditure.
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Sangha, Jagpal Kaur. "Agrarian impacts on manufacturing expansion in the Indian Punjab." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/agrarian-impacts-on-manufacturing-expansion-in-the-indian-punjab(52338c6b-48c7-43b2-9c23-4e8b6a4c0cef).html.
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Topalova, Petia. "Three empirical essays on trade and development in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32396.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2005.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis is a collection of three empirical essays on economic development and trade in India. Chapter 1 uses the sharp trade liberalization in India in the early 1990s, spurred to a large extent by external factors, to measure the causal impact of trade liberalization on poverty and inequality in districts in India. Variation in pre-liberalization industrial composition across districts in India and the variation in the degree of liberalization across industries allow for a difference-in-difference approach, establishing whether certain areas benefited more from, or bore a disproportionate share of the burden of liberalization. In rural districts where industries more exposed to liberalization were concentrated, poverty incidence and depth decreased by less as a result of trade liberalization, a setback of about 15 percent of India's progress in poverty reduction over the 1990s. The findings are related to the extremely limited mobility of factors across regions and industries in India. Indeed, in Indian states where inflexible labor laws impeded factor reallocation, the adverse impact of liberalization on poverty was more pronounced. The findings, consistent with a specific factors model of trade, suggest that to minimize the social costs of inequality, additional policies may be needed to redistribute some of the gains of liberalization from winners to those who do not benefit as much. Creating a flexible institutional environment will likely minimize the need for additional interventions. Using a panel of firm-level data, Chapter 2 examines the effects of India's trade reforms on firm productivity in the manufacturing sector, focusing on the interaction between this policy shock and firm and environment characteristics.
(cont.) The rapid and comprehensive tariff reductions-part of an IMF-supported adjustment program with India in 1991-allow us to establish a causal link between variations in inter-industry and inter-temporal tariffs and consistently estimated firm productivity. Specifically, I find that reductions in trade protectionism led to higher levels and growth of firm productivity, with this effect strongest for private companies. Interestingly, state-level characteristics, such as labor regulations, investment climate, and financial development, do not appear to influence the effect of trade liberalization on firm productivity. Chapter 3, coauthored with my advisor Esther Duflo, studies the impact of reservation for women on the performance of policy makers and on voters' perceptions of this performance. Since the mid 1990's, one third of Village Council head positions in India have been randomly reserved for a woman: In these councils only women could be elected to the position of chief. Village Councils are responsible for the provision of many local public goods in rural areas. Using a data set which combines individual level data on satisfaction with public services with independent assessments of the quality of public facilities, we compare objective measures of the quantity and quality of public goods, and information about how villagers evaluate the performance of male and female leaders. Overall, villages reserved for women leaders have more public goods, and the measured quality of these goods is at least as high as in non-reserved villages. Moreover, villagers are less likely to pay bribes in villages reserved for women.
(cont.) Yet, residents of villages headed by women are less satisfied with the public goods, including goods that are beyond the jurisdiction of the Panchayat. This may help explain why women rarely win elections even though they appear to be at least as effective leaders along observable dimensions, and are less corrupt.
by Petia Topalova.
Ph.D.
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Kore, Shettar Shivanagappa F. Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Disparities in economic development; learning from the "growth centre" experiences of India's five year plans (1951-1985)." Ottawa, 1988.
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Wu, Pin-Hsien. "Environmentalism in China and India : a comparative analysis of people and politics in two coal capitals." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/57101/.
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This dissertation presents the results of an interdisciplinary environmental study that focuses on the formation of environmental discourse at the grassroots level of society. Case studies on the ‘Coal Capitals' in Guizhou of China and Jharkhand of India were conducted in order to examine the question: why do people appear to react in different ways when encountering environmental problems, such as those caused by mining? This thesis investigates how the environment – and the participation space for discussing it – has been socio-culturally, historically and politically defined in the two countries. It is one of the few initiatives to have assessed environmental development issues based on comparative literature reviews and empirical fieldwork in coal villages in China and India. It has critically examined the literature related to the two locations studied by encompassing environmental governance, political discourses and historical studies about environmental development, media productions and daily life conversations about the environment. By examining the representations of environmentalism in the Chinese and Indian cases, this study deals with different dynamics of discourse construction in the two societies – including the power of the state, the influences of media and social elites, and the emergence of grassroots movements. The investigation of the interactions between these dynamics enhances our understanding of, on the one hand, the social settings of the two Coal Capitals in the two countries, and, on the other hand, the relationship between nature and the people, especially those with limited social and economic resources. By bringing in the voices of the marginalised social groups, this thesis adds to a growing body of research on the diversity of environmentalism within developing countries. In particular, the analysis helps explain how popular environmentalism and the concept of environmental participation in India and China have become recognised differently, in the discussions created by researchers and media commentators in conjunction with actors with power in the state machinery.
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Maity, Bipasha. "Essays in development economics on gender and tribes in India." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58638.
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This thesis studies the situation of women and tribes in India through the roles of workfare programme, availability of public healthcare and history.
The second chapter studies the effect of India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGA) on consumption expenditure and time-use, especially on account of women's participation. Using instrumental variables estimation strategy to deal with the endogeneity in the number of days worked, we find that women's participation benefits children, especially girls. Higher spending on nutritious foods, education of girls, lower engagement of women in domestic chores and greater time spent in school for younger girls are found on account of the programme.
The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are the two most disadvantaged social groups in India. The third chapter investigates whether STs lag behind even the SCs in terms of health, a key development indicator which has also remained relatively understudied in the literature. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method shows that relative to the lack of demand for healthcare from the STs, shortage of supply of health services in tribal areas appears to be more important in explaining why STs lag behind even the SCs in nearly all aspects of women's and children's health. The chapter argues that STs need to be studied in isolation from the SCs because of different historical reasons for the underdevelopment of these two groups.
The fourth chapter studies the long term implications of historical female property rights on current development outcomes. Historic patterns of widowhood for women is a plausible mechanism through which women became owners of property. Districts with greater relative female landownership in the past are found to have lower infant mortality, higher literacy rate, better healthcare for and higher labour force participation of women, greater reporting of and arrests for crimes committed against women and higher women's autonomy. Greater political representation of women, investment in public goods and greater economic role played by women in agriculture appear to be possible mechanisms that could explain how female property rights during colonial time can have long-term effects.Arts, Faculty of
Vancouver School of Economics
Graduate
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Srivastava, Prachi. "Putting developing country partners first : a case study examining the contributing factors of developing country partner ownership in a development project." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64194.pdf.
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Balakrishna, Sridharan. "Organisational politics and information systems implementation : the case of the Indian public administration." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2632/.
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Today, many developing countries are embarking on ambitious programmes to develop large computer-based information systems within their public administration to promote socio-economic development. However, the overall objectives of these investments remain unfulfilled. Success and failures of information systems are largely determined by the performance of organizational members associated with the development and use of information systems. Performance of these members is primarily determined by individual competencies and the environment in which the activities of these members are taking place. Information systems related education and training to create competent individuals has always been a matter of great concern to almost all developing countries. However, public administration in developing countries is an intensely political affair. Organizational politics very often give birth to a number of macro and micro environmental conditions, which constrain certain courses of action of competent individuals. Therefore, individuals, however competent, cannot perform to the best of their abilities. This invariably results in information systems that are ineffective and inefficient. Systematic empirical studies that can increase our understanding of this domain are virtually non-existent. The current research aims to rectify this issue. The research methodology adopted for the current research assumes that organizational members, when involved in a particular activity in a particular context, interpret the situation, and act accordingly. Researchers, by immersing themselves in the members' world can understand their actions. Focusing on two cases within the public administration of India and adopting a hermeneutic approach, the study interprets the actions of different organizational members associated with the implementation of information systems. By relating the performance of these members to the strengths and weaknesses of the information systems, the study makes broad recommendations. Findings of the study reveal that Indian policy makers and implementers have always given significant consideration to information systems related education and training. However, on the other hand, the very factors that India has been trying to address through successive administrative reforms since national independence happen to be the same factors that constrain the performance of competent individuals.
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Singh, Swati. "Microcredit, Women, and Empowerment: Evidence From India." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699847/.
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Microfinance programs, by providing financial services to economically disadvantaged individuals, generally women, are intended to help poor self-employ and become financially independent. Earlier research in India has documented both positive and negative consequences of microfinance programs on women, from financial independence to domestic abuse. However, most of the research has been geographically limited to the southern states of the country, with a matured microfinance industry, and has given little attention to how variations in cultural practices across different regions of the country may influence the impact of microfinance programs on its members. To fill the gap in the existing literature, three related studies of Indian women were conducted. The first study was a qualitative study of 35 women engaged in microfinance programs in the northern region of India. The study found that women engaged in microfinance programs reported having increased social networks, higher confidence and increased social awareness. The second and third studies used nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) 2005-2006. Controlling for a variety of other individual-level and community-level characteristics, the second study examined if getting a microloan affected women’s access to public spaces, and the third examined if getting such a loan influenced married women’s participation in household decision-making. Both studies further investigated if the microloan effect on these dimensions of women’s empowerment varied by the normative context of woman’s respective communities. The results indicated that, all else equal, women who had ever taken a microloan were more likely to go alone to places outside their home such as market, health clinics and places outside the community compared to women who had never taken such a loan. Getting a microloan also had a positive effect on women’s participation in decisions about large household purchases and husband’s earnings. The hypothesized moderating effect of the normative context of women’s respective communities was found only for women’s participation in decisions about large household purchases. Getting a microloan had a stronger positive effect on women’s participation in these decisions if they lived in communities with restrictive gender norms.
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Vijh, Rajneesh. "Return of high skilled migrants : an empirical investigation into the knowledge transfer process of two organizations in New Delhi, India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f119a72-7463-4121-90dd-f5a3b3b08d8e.
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Against the backdrop of the brain drain-brain gain debate, this thesis explores certain facets of the return migration phenomenon. Drawing on several theories, the decision to return among high skilled migrants is likely to be influenced by the prospect of using their overseas-acquired knowledge to secure a better livelihood back home. While ample consideration is given to motivations to return, the choice of employer and issues adjusting to the work and social surroundings, the main objective of the research is to understand migrants' transfer of overseas-acquired knowledge upon their return to India. Given the interdisciplinary nature of the topic, the scope of the thesis is focused on returnees working in two organizations in New Delhi—Fortis Escorts Hospital and Research Centre (EHIRC) and Tata Consultancy Services' Government Industry Solutions Unit (GISU). Adopting a mixed methods approach, survey data and case interviews are analyzed to address the core research question: “How and in which ways do returnees transfer their newly acquired knowledge, skills and experiences in employing organizations?” A key hypothesis is that returnees' social ties affect the extent and nature of knowledge transfers and thus confer intended benefits and may lead to unintended consequences for their organizations. The analyses pit McPherson's (2001) principle of homophily in social networks against Granovetter's (1973) weak ties hypothesis to grasp the role of returnees in knowledge transfers within EHIRC and GISU. Results drawn from data collected on returnees, non-migrants and transnationals strongly confirm that social ties—strong, intermediate or weak—affect the transfer of knowledge to stakeholders in their organizations. The contribution of this thesis to the existing body of research is to shed light on both the potential and limitations of returnees as a conduit for transferring knowledge, upgrading skills and relaying insights to non-migrants, teams or units in the workplace.
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Winters, Jacqueline. "Women in Indian development : the dawn of a new consciousness?" Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66247.
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Milosevic, Vedrana. "Women's impact on development in India." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-7121.
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India is the world’s largest democracy where 1 186 200 000 people live and almost half of these are women. So how does women’s situation effect India’s development. This essay focuses on secondary education, female labor force participation and active population growth and measures their affect on Human Development Index (HDI). The literature shows a positive effect of all explanatory variables on HDI. In other an effective resource allocation towards words women might be the key for India to reach higher living standards. It is indeed a question of effective resource allocation because women in India don’t enjoy the same freedoms and rights as men which will clearly effect the countries resource allocation and the HDI
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Silva, Gabriel de Oliveira e. "O papel do Estado como executor de política industrial: uma análise comparativa entre Brasil e Índia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9256.
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This work aims to analyze two distinct processes of industrialization, Brazilian and Indian, with the parameter of the main development plans in both countries. Within the context of the so called import substitution industrialization, comparisons are made in the way public managers tried to break with the external dependence through different State experiences as developers of Industrial Policy, with special emphasis on the issue of funding and sustainability of industrial sectors of capital goods. An analysis of the results is presented, aiming to interpret and to relate in a critically way, the international integration of the two countries, noting that the good results are the consequence not of specific changes, but thanks to a diverse planning and various development plans
Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar dois distintos processos de industrialização, brasileira e hindu, tendo como parâmetro os principais planos de desenvolvimento em ambos os países. Dentro do contexto da chamada industrialização por substituição de importação, são feitas comparações na forma como os gestores buscaram romper com a dependência por meio das diferentes experiências do Estado como fomentador de Política Industrial, dando especial ênfase à questão do financiamento e viabilidade dos setores industriais de bens de capital. É apresentada uma análise dos resultados, buscando, por fim, interpretar e relacionar criticamente a inserção internacional dos dois países, atentando que os bons resultados são frutos não de mudanças pontuais, mas de planejamento e de diversos e variados planos de desenvolvimento
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Athreye, Suma. "The spread of technology and the level of development : a comparative study of steel mills using the Electric Arc furnace technology in India and Britain." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294425.
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In this thesis the relationship between the spread of technology and the extent of economic development is analysed. The quantitative dimension of the spread of technology is usually analysed in studies on the speed and extent of diffusion across countries and industries. The qualitative dimension concerns the adoption and use of technology which is usually studied in the literature on technology adoption and adaptation by firms. A process technology in two countries that differ considerably in their level of development, viz. UK and India, is considered. This controls for the technological and industrial specificity of the spread process allowing the influence of the development factor to be seen more clearly. The study is conducted at the industry/economy level, as well as the firm level. In this way the effects of the studying the different levels of aggregation together, and the relation between adoption and diffusion are clarified. The study indicates a wide diversity of patterns in the spread of technology across countries. Differences in both the coefficients of the diffusion curve and in the underlying functional form are identified. A deeper analysis of the patterns of spread in India and Britain reveals the greater influence of supply and infrastructure constraints in India, while in Britain the entire process was largely consumption constrained. If it can be assumed that capacity and production side constraints are more likely in industrialising economies, these dynamics could be inferred as more typical in influencing the spread of technology in developing countries. A study of the use and adoption of the technology by firms shows the importance of existing market structures, defined broadly to include the structure and organisation of production and consumption. In fact the composition of consumption in terms of users and user sectors was vital in defining rules of competition and in what way technology was harnessed as a competitive force. In the purely technological sense of operational efficiency it is shown that Indian firms performed more poorly than British firms. Furthermore this poor performance could be traced back to diversification strategies of Indian firms which in turn were a response to poorer levels of market formation in the economy.
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Gadagkar, Sharadhi. "Economic Development in India and the Interconnection to Foreign Investment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/243951.
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This paper looks at the history of economic development in India, and then goes on to show how India's liberalizing reforms has allowed it to become a strong contender in International foreign investment. I begin by establishing how India's economic outlook has changed over the years, and what brought about these changes. By making such changes, I then focus on India's foreign investment and relationship with parts of Africa, and then compare this investment with China's substantial position Africa as well. I discuss the differences - both beneficial and not - of having government led versus private led foreign investment.
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Limki, Rashné. "Postcolonial excess(es) : on the mattering of bodies and the preservation of value in India." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8978.
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This thesis postulates the annihilation of the poor as the authorised end of development. This circumstance, I contend, is an effect of the entanglement – that is, the mutual affectability (Barad 2007) – of the human and capital as descriptors of ethical and economic value, respectively. Accordingly, I suggest that the annihilation of the poor by capital under the sign of development is authorised as the preservation of value. I designate this as the postcolonial capitalist condition. The argument unfolds through encounters with three sites that have become metonymic with destruction wrought by development: the state response to peasant revolt against land expropriation in Nandigram, the Bhopal gas leak, and the recently emergent surrogacy market. I offer these as different instantiations of the annihilation of the poor, each of which gives lie to the recuperative myth of development. Here, annihilation proceeds by leaving a material trace upon the body. I follow this trace to argue the indispensability of the body in performing the ideological work of development – that is, to preserve an idealised appearance as human through the eradication of the poor that appear as subaltern – even as it establishes itself as an emancipatory truth. Thus, in this thesis I offer an analysis of the violence of capital not as socio-materially imposed (per Karl Marx) but rather as an onto-materially authorised (following Georges Bataille). As such, I seek to explicate the differential mattering of bodies – as both, appearance and significance – under development.
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Bhupal, Ganita. "Development Issues in India: Analysis of Household Consumption Behavior and Health." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376962934.
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Håkansson, William. "Steel Consumption and Economic Development in China and India : An Econometric Analysis." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80247.
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The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the relationship between economic development and steel consumption in China and India using the intensity of steel use hypothesis. In doing this, we test whether there is an inverted u-shaped relationship between the intensity of steel use, i.e., steel consumption/GDP, and GDP per capita. The analysis of steel consumption in the two nations was performed with two linear regression models using time data for the period 1970-2018. The empirical results for China support the intensity of steel hypothesis and indicate that the peak for intensity of steel use in the country already has been reached. The results for India only support the hypothesis in one of the model specifications, and in the other we were not able to achieve statistical significance.
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Karambelkar, Surabhi. "Hydropower Development in India: The Legal-Economic Design to Fuel Growth?" UNIV NEW MEXICO, SCH LAW, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625404.
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Economic liberalization beginning in the early 1990s has represented a paradigm shift in policy discourse in India, from social welfare to economic growth. With its potential benefits of generating power for the growing economy and significant revenue through electricity sales and royalty payments, hydropower development has received center-stage in the hydro-rich but economically weaker Himalayan states of India. Using an institutional approach to examine the evolution of laws and policies on electricity, land, environment, and water, this article seeks to uncover how prevailing legal and economic systems prioritize hydropower generation over other water uses. It argues that federal and state governments have brought about regulatory changes that tip the allocation and distribution of resources and wealth in the favor of increasingly private sector-dominated hydropower development. This resource colonization favors maximizing returns on investment at the expense of minimizing environmental and social costs. The case of the Indian state of Uttarakhand illustrates the structural power of the state government to frame and enforce laws to protect hydropower development while forgoing considerations of environmental flows and the de facto water rights of communities. Changing this status quo will require fundamental alterations to the current institutional structures to ensure a more just and equitable hydropower development regime. These changes-which give greater consideration to socio-environmental sustainability and promote integrated water resources management-should comprise: acknowledging ecosystem and water rights; creating mechanisms where local communities can contest unfair resource allocation; delineating guidelines for states' role as public trustees of water; promoting local participation in monitoring related to hydropower projects; and balancing economic goals with alternative water uses.
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Tiwari, Meera. "Rural poverty and the role of nonfarm sector in economic development : the Indian experience." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340335.
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Linden, Leigh L. 1975. "Essays in development economics : incumbency disadvantage, political competition, and remedial education in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28823.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2004.Includes bibliographical references.
(cont.) The remedial education program hires young women from the community to provide remedial assistance to third and fourth grade children who have fallen behind their peers. The program is extremely cheap (five dollars per child per year), and is easily replicable. We find the program to be very effective, increasing learning by 0.15 standard deviations in the first year, and 0.25 in the second year. The results are similar in the two grade levels, and in the two cities.
This dissertation comprises three separate empirical studies. Using a non-parametric regression discontinuity design that compares candidates who barely win an election to those who barely lose, the first study estimates the effect of incumbency on a candidate's electoral prospects in India. Starting in 1991, I estimate that, rather than being at an advantage, incumbents are actually fourteen percent less likely to win an election than similar non-incumbents. While the available data prevent a formal test, the dominance of a single political party (the Indian National Congress) before 1991 may have provided a framework in which experience was valuable because incumbents who gained experience under the Congress system would interact with the same system when reelected. Starting in 1991, however, no party could be counted on to control parliament, making experience under the previous regime potentially less valuable. The second study estimates the effects of new competitors on existing candidates in India by taking advantage of a change in the election laws in 1996 that made it more difficult for candidates to run for office. The law affected constituencies differently, allowing the use of both across time and between constituency variation in the number of candidates to estimate the impact of restricting the number of new candidates in an election. The resulting estimates suggest that the reduction in the number of new candidates had a small, but measurable effect on the probability that the average existing candidates would win election. However, there is evidence of heterogeneity in the effect across candidates. Finally, the third study presents the results of a two-year randomized evaluation of a remedial education program in India.
by Leigh L. Linden.
Ph.D.
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Raman, Manoj. "Development and international business : an application to India." Thesis, City University London, 1999. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7746/.
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The issue of development in emerging markets has moved on from the polarized debates along ideological lines about the state vs. markets, to focusing mainly on economic indicators. Increasingly, as knowledge becomes the main focus of development, it is acknowledged that the state can play a positive role in promoting its growth. To try and analyse these developments, it is imperative that we appreciate the role of differing business systems that impose constraints on development, especially in influencing capital allocation in the system. The emergence of cybercities in impoverished developing countries like India need to be analysed to appreciate the factors that will influence the trends in development - the success of such cities can be attributed to the positive role played by the state and the clustering of software industries around centres of knowledge. We develop frameworks to analyse to compare the existing forms of corporate governance, and a third system for emerging economies such as Asia or Europe. We also develop frameworks to analyse market exchange and alternative frameworks from modern and pre-modern societies, in order to understand the nature of exchange in intangible and inalienable assets such as knowledge. We apply these frameworks to Indian software industry to give us an insight into how India has managed to emerge as a significant player in the software industry. We conclude that the political embeddedness of the various institutions and organisations are playing a critical role in shaping its business systems which is at the crossroads between a pluralist shareholder and corporatist stakeholder system. Also, these factors are forcing the Indian software industry to focus on the lower end of the value chain.
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Gille, Véronique. "Do others matter? : An empirical analysis of the interaction of social and human capital in India." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010057/document.
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Dire que le capital humain a un impact important sur le développement économique n'est pas une affirmation très controversée. Elle a été confirmée par la recherche des cinquante dernières années et améliorer les indicateurs de capital humain dans les pays en développement est depuis quelques temps déjà un des objectifs principaux des gouvernements, des ONG et des organisations internationales. Cependant, le capital humain est souvent seulement considéré comme une question individuelle. Pourtant, le capital humain comporte une dimension sociale encore relativement peu analysée. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'apporter un éclairage sur cet aspect social du capital humain. La question que je pose tout au long de cette thèse est «Quelle est l'importance des autres? »par rapport au capital humain. En particulier, je me demande comment capital social et capital humain interagissent, et les éléments de réponse que j'apporte reposent sur des données indiennes. L'Inde est un pays où il est particulièrement intéressant d'étudier cette question, car le capital humain y a beaucoup évolué dans les cinquante dernières années, et le capital social a joué un rôle important dans cette évolution. Le contexte social indien, propose aussi un cadre d'analyse riche pour l'étude de la relation entre capital humain et capital socialThere is nothing controversial in saying that hum an capital matters a great deal for economic development. Research during the past 50 years has confirmed this belief, and governments, international organizations and NGOs have worked hard to improve human capital indicators. But the majority of policy makers and researchers have considered and studied human capital as an issue only concerning individuals. However, human capital also has a social component which has not yet been well understood, despite a growing literature looking beyond the individual aspect of human capital. The aim of this dissertation is to shed some light on this social component of hum an capital. The recurrent question that I am asking throughout this thesis is "How do others matter?", in relation to hum an capital. In particular, I am wondering how social capital interacts with human capital. To study this question, I take India as a case study. India is a country where human capital has dramatically changed in the last 50 years, and social capital had an important role in this evolution. More concretely, India's peculiar social structure pro vides a very interesting context to study the relation between human capital and social capital
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Srinivas, S. "Urban development and the information technology industry : a study of Bangalore, India." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1339570/.
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The focus of the study is the city of Bangalore, in India, which has over the years become a centre for high technology industries, and in the mid-i 990s was home to the largest number of Information Technology (IT) firms in India. This has earned it the title of the 'Silicon Valley of India'. The city's comparative advantage in the IT industry in India emanates from various factors, of which favourable government policy, high quality work force, and the availability of research laboratories are some of its crucial determinants. This research aims to understand the reasons for Bangalore's success in attracting both foreign and domestic IT industries (especially between the mid-i 980s, when the Indian economy showed the initial signs of opening up, and the mid-I 990s), and investigates the extent to which the city can continue to be the most preferred location for IT industry in the country. Three research hypotheses have been tested in this research study. The first is directed towards the global IT industry, and contends that the global IT industry's interest in India goes beyond mere price considerations alone. The second proposes that the success of Bangalore in attracting the IT industries is due to a synergy of factors, which include favourable government policies, availability of skilled professionals, and local presence of research institutes and laboratories. The third hypothesis is guided towards the industry-institution linkage, and argues that there exists a strong link between the IT industry and the research laboratories in Bangalore, which has helped underpin growth in the local IT industry. The empirical analysis was conducted at tm, levels. One at the national level of policy making, and another at the city level. The research is based on both secondary sources of data and primary data collection. The study relied on two types of field surveys, a firm-level survey and a policy makers survey. An understanding of the competitiveness of Bangalore is carried out using a set of indicators which include inter ella level of telecommunications infrastructure, government policies, availability of industrial/office space, skilled labour and specialised services. The study finds that initially the main reason for the industrial growth in Bangalore was to be found in the strong industrial tradition of the region, dating back to the earlier part of the twentieth century and later, by government owned electronics and telecommunication industries that were founded in the city immediately after the country's independence (in 1947). Electronics industries continued to base themselves during the 1 960s and through the I 980s in the city. However, when the Indian economic policy was hberalised from the mid-1980s and more perceptibly after 1991, it was the lnfomiation Technology industries that began to establish themselves in Bangalore primarily to tap the available professional skills, and to make use of the city's existing base as a prominent centre for high technology industries. The research also found that there are strong links between the research institutes and laboratories and the private IT companies in Bangalore especially in R&D related activities. While many of the interviewed companies felt that Bangalore would continue to be the preferred location for the IT industry in the country, they do not rule out the possibility that an impending infrastructure crisis in the city will undermine its competitiveness.
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Watkins, Kevin. "India : colonialism, nationalism and perceptions of development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670394.
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Newsom, Angel M. "Breaking from tradition India and the path to development /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://adr.coalliance.org/codr/fez/view/codr:140.
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Tamvada, Jagannadha Pawan. "Essays on Entrepreneurship and Economic Development." Doctoral thesis, kostenfrei, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989271900/34.
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