Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Indian Coast (W A )'
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1
Younker, Jason. "Coquille/Kō'Kwel, a southern Oregon coast Indian tribe : revisiting history, ingenuity, and identity /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3102196.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 376-396). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Rast, Timothy L. "Investigating Palaeo-eskimo and Indian settlement patterns along a submerging coast at Burgeo, Newfoundland." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ42433.pdf.
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Dartt-Newton, Deana Dawn. "Negotiating the master narrative : museums and the Indian/Californio community of California's central coast /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9926.
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Dartt-Newton, Deana Dawn 1966. "Negotiating the Master Narrative: Museums and the Indian/Californio Community of California's Central Coast." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9926.
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xvi, 307 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.In California, third and fourth grade social science curriculum standards mandate an introduction to Native American life and the impacts of Spanish, Mexican, and "American" colonization on the state's indigenous people. Teachers in the state use museums to supplement this education. Natural history and anthropology museums offer programs for teaching third graders about native pre-contact life, while Missions and regional history museums are charged with telling the story of settlement for the state's fourth graders. Clearly, this fact suggests the centrality of museums and Missions to education in the state. Since only one small tribe on the central coast has federal recognition, non-tribal museums are the only public voice about Indian life. These sites however, rarely address hardships experienced by native people, contributions over the past 150 years, the struggles for sovereignty in their homelands, and a variety of other issues faced by living Indian people. Instead, these sites often portray essentialized homogenous notions of Indiamless which inadvertently contribute to the invisibility of coastal Native peoples. This dissertation analyzes visual museum representations in central coast museums and Missions and the perspectives oflocal Native American community members about how their lives and cultures are portrayed in those museums. Using methods of critical discourse analysis, the dissertation seeks to locate discontinuities between the stories museums tell versus the stories Indian people tell. It addresses these ruptures through a detailed analysis of alternative narratives and then offers suggestions to museum professionals, both in California and elsewhere, for incorporating a stronger native voice in interpretive efforts.
Committee in charge: Dr. Lynn Stephen, Co-chair; Dr. Brian Klopotek, Co-chair; Dr. Jon M. Erlandson; Dr. Shari Huhndorf; Roberta Reyes Cordero
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Woo, Lai Mun. "Summer circulation and water masses along the West Australian coast." University of Western Australia. Centre for Water Research, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0122.
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The Gascoyne continental shelf is located along the north-central coastline of Western Australia between latitudes 21° and 28°S. This study presents CTD and ADCP data together with concurrent wind and satellite imagery, to provide a description of the summer surface circulation pattern along the continental margin, and the hydrography present in the upper 1km of ocean, between latitudes 21° and 35°S. It also discusses the outcome of a numerical modelling study that examined the physical factors contributing to a bifurcation event persistently observed in satellite imagery at Point Cloates. The region comprises a complex system of four surface water types and current systems. The Leeuwin Current dominated the surface flow, transporting lower salinity, warmer water poleward along the shelf-break, and causing downwelling. Its signature ‘aged’ from a warm (24.7°C), lower salinity (34.6) water in the north to a cooler (21.9°C), more saline (35.2) water in the south, as a result of 2-4Sv geostrophic inflow of offshore waters. The structure and strength of the current altered with changing bottom topographies. The Ningaloo Current flowed along the northernmost inner coast of the Gascoyne shelf, carrying upwelled water and re-circulated Leeuwin Current water from the south. Bifurcation of the Ningaloo Current was seen south of the coastal promontory at Point Cloates. Numerical modelling demonstrated a combination of southerly winds and coastal and bottom topography off Point Cloates to be responsible for the recirculation, and indicated that the strength of southerly winds affect recirculation. Hypersaline Shark Bay outflow influenced shelf waters at the Bay’s mouth and to the south of the Bay. The Capes Current, a wind-driven current from south of the study region was identified as a cooler, more saline water mass flowing northward. Results of the hydrography study show five different water masses present in the upper-ocean. Their orientations were affected by the geopotential gradient driven Leeuwin Current/Undercurrent system at the continental margin. The Leeuwin Undercurrent was found at the shelf-slope, carrying (>252 μM/L) Subantarctic Mode Water at a depth of 400m
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Norton, Helen Hyatt. "Women and resources of the Northwest coast : documentation from the 18th and early 19th centuries /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6519.
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Topp, Janet. "Women and the Africanisation of Taarab in Zanzibar." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301769.
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Amollo, Joseph Odhiambo. "Aspects of sea level variability in the southwest Indian Ocean and the east coast of Africa - (latitude 0-35°S and from the coast to 60°E)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14100.
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Analysis of tide gauge sea level observations of varying durations in the southwest Indian Ocean and the East coast of Africa (Lamu, Mombasa, Zanzibar, Durban, Port La Rue and Port Louis) show variability which are related to global, regional time scales, local weather and climatic changes, oceanographic and hydrological forcing that manifest in both short and long time scales. The investigations on the tide gauge sea level observations are conducted through the separation of the total sea level measurements into the contributing components (tides and residuals) using a Matlab in built software (t-tide). Short time scale sea level variability in the southwest Indian Ocean is due to the effects of tides which exhibit tidal range variations with latitude and shelf width, storm surges resulting from tropical cyclones passage especially in the mid-latitude region, atmospheric pressure fluctuations over the surface of the sea and local wind fields. Sea surface temperature variations during summer and winter result in differential heating of the ocean surface and contribute to the observed sea level variability at seasonal time scale especially in the region 25°S and southwards where the temperature differences are large. The equatorial region is characterized by a near constant sea surface temperature that sustains thermal expansion of the upper layer of the ocean water throughout the year. Monsoon periods show significant and variable wind speeds that impact on sea level variability in the southwest Indian Ocean and the East coast of Africa and are greatest during the summer monsoon (from June to August). On longer time scales (Interannual and decadal), sea level variations in this region is mostly influenced by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). During the 1997/98 El Nino event, the sea levels are significantly higher than normal at the coast and the islands. During the 2000/2001 La Nina, the sea levels are significantly lower than normal at the coasts in the southwest Indian Ocean. Indian Ocean Dipole effects are significant in the southwest Indian Ocean during the period 2006 through to 2008 and are more enhanced in 2007. The annual highest sea levels in this region are influenced by the year to year changes in weather pattern and the perigean cycle of the tides on a 4.4 year period but their secular trends are not statistically significant.
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Rößler, Dirk, Frank Krüger, and Matthias Ohrnberger. "Rupture propagation of recent large TsE off-coast Sumatra and Java." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1303/.
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The spatio-temporal evolution of the three recent tsunamogenic earthquakes (TsE)
off-coast N-Sumatra (Mw9.3), 28/03/2005 (Mw8.5) off-coast Nias, on 17/07/2006
(Mw7.7) off-coast Java. Start time, duration, and propagation of the rupture are
retrieved. All parameters can be obtained rapidly after recording of the first-arrival phases in near-real time processing. We exploit semblance analysis, backpropagation and broad-band seismograms within 30°-95° distance. Image enhancement is reached by stacking the semblance of arrays within different directions.
For the three events, the rupture extends over about 1150, 150, and 200km,
respectively. The events in 2004, 2005, and 2006 had source durations of at least 480s, 120s, and 180s, respectively. We observe unilateral rupture
propagation for all events except for the rupture onset and the Nias event, where there is evidence for a bilateral start of the rupture. Whereas average rupture speed of the events in 2004 and 2005 is in the order of the S-wave speed (≈2.5-3km/s), unusually slow rupturing (≈1.5 km/s) is indicated for the July 2006 event.
For the July 2006 event we find rupturing of a 200 x 100 km wide area in at least 2 phases with propagation from NW to SE. The event has some
characteristics of a circular rupture followed by unilateral faulting with
change in slip rate. Fault area and aftershock distribution coincide. Spatial and temporal resolution are frequency dependent. Studies of a Mw6.0 earthquake on 2006/09/21 and one synthetic source show a ≈1° limit in resolution.
Retrieved source area, source duration as well as peak values for semblance and
beam power generally increase with the size of the earthquake making possible an
automatic detection and classification of large and small earthquakes.
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Yarborough, Clare McJimsey. "Teotihuacan and the Gulf Coast: Ceramic evidence for contact and interactional relationships." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186001.
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Teotihuacan was founded in a side valley of the Basin of Mexico during the first centuries of the common era and at its height reached a size of approximately 20 square kilometers. During A. D. 400-700, the Middle Classic period, architecture and portable artifacts in the Teotihuacan style are distributed throughout Mesoamerica. The distribution of Teotihuacan style material culture is often cited as evidence that Teotihuacan had the social and political complexity characteristic of early expansionistic states, and was in fact the first empire of highland Mexico. This study traces patterns of Teotihuacan influence in Gulf Coast ceramic assemblages in order to reconstruct relationships between Teotihuacan and various Classic period Gulf Coast polities. Here influence is defined as all archaeological indications of contact between two culturally or ethnically distinct populations. Variation in the timing and patterning of influence indicates variation in the nature of the relationships sustained between the two populations. To control for temporal and geographic variation, ceramic sequences and assemblage descriptions currently in use both at Teotihuacan and on the Gulf Coast are discussed and evaluated. Patterns of Teotihuacan influence in the ceramic assemblages of the Gulf Coast are shown to vary considerably from area to area and reflect clear differences in the timing and duration of Teotihuacan contact. Variation also occurs in the fidelity with which local imitations adhere to Teotihuacan stylistic conventions, the depositional context in which Teotihuacan imitations occur, and the range and types of Teotihuacan ceramic artifacts copied. The resulting patterns are interpreted to be meaningful in terms of past relationships between Teotihuacan and various Gulf Coast polities. The existence of Teotihuacan imperial control over part of the Gulf Coast is suggested.
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Muttarak, Raya, and Wiraporn Pothisiri. "The Role of Education on Disaster Preparedness: Case Study of 2012 Indian Ocean Earthquakes on Thailand's Andaman Coast." The Resilience Alliance, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-06101-180451.
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In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are
prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because
education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557
households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews
were carried out during the period of numerous aftershocks, which put residents in the region on high alert. The respondents
were asked what emergency preparedness measures they had taken following the 11 April earthquakes. Using the partial
proportional odds model, the paper investigates determinants of personal disaster preparedness measured as the number of
preparedness actions taken. Controlling for village effects, we find that formal education, measured at the individual, household,
and community levels, has a positive relationship with taking preparedness measures. For the survey group without past disaster
experience, the education level of household members is positively related to disaster preparedness. The findings also show that
disaster-related training is most effective for individuals with high educational attainment. Furthermore, living in a community
with a higher proportion of women who have at least a secondary education increases the likelihood of disaster preparedness.
In conclusion, we found that formal education can increase disaster preparedness and reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.
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Conry, Danielle Shanè. "Population status and habitat use of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins (sousa plumbea) along the south coast of South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15556.
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Long-lived, top-level predators, such as some marine mammals, serve as important indicators of ecosystem health. Assessing the abundance and habitat use of such marine top predators is essential for the formulation of effective conservation and management actions. There is considerable concern over the viability of small humpback dolphin opulations across a global scale and a number of studies have raised concerns over their vulnerability to extinction. In light of the recent uplisting of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins (Sousa plumbea) to ‘Endangered’ on the South African Red Data list, there is an urgent need for a greater understanding of the abundance and spatial distribution of this species along the South African coastline. Using small vessels as survey platforms between March 2014 and June 2015, this study attempted to determine the abundance, spatial distribution and habitat preferences of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins along 150 km of South Africa’s south coast. A further aim was to assess the utilisation of the current Marine Protected Area network by humpback dolphins along this coastline relative to areas outside of formal protection. Mark-recapture methods applied to photo-identification data produced abundance estimates of 84 individuals (95% CI: 72-115) within the study area for both open and closed models. An average group size of 3.94 individuals (range 1-12; SD = ± 2.82) was observed during the study, indicating a decrease in average group size of ~45 % from a previous assessment in 2002/03. Such a decline in group size could potentially be a result of a change in social structure in response to reduced prey availability. Spatial analyses of humpback dolphin geographic positions, using a kernel density estimator (KDE) and effort-weighted density grid analyses, indicate that the species is unevenly distributed over the coastal zone within the area. Sightings occurred at the highest densities within Buffels Bay and along Goukamma MPA, followed by Plettenberg Bay, Nature’s Valley, and around the Bloukrans, Elandsbos and Groot River East mouths. Habitat preference was assessed using a standard classification-based method and the results indicate a strong preference, in particular, for Dissipative Intermediate Sandy Coast habitat, followed by Very Exposed Rocky Coast, Intermediate Sandy Coast, Estuarine Shore, Mixed Shore and Inshore Reef habitats. Areas of high humpback dolphin densities appear to be associated with these habitat types, especially with Dissipative-Intermediate Sandy Coast habitat. Humpback dolphins were sighted at relatively low densities along stretches of coastline consisting predominately of Exposed Rocky Shore habitat. Long expanses of this habitat type may limit humpback dolphin movements along the coast. The observed patterns in distribution and habitat preferences may be linked to the availability of prey and/or the avoidance of predators. Average sightings per kilometer travelled (SPUE) indicate that the utilisation of the Robberg and Tsitsikamma MPAs by humpback dolphins was low, most likely due to the low availability of sandy coastline in these areas. In contrast, the utilisation of the Goukamma MPA, which is characterised by a high availability of Dissipative-Intermediate Sandy Coast, was very high. The low population numbers and declines in average group size of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins within the study area warrant concern and call for effective conservation and management measures. In light of ever-increasing levels of anthropogenic threats to coastal areas, future research and long-term monitoring of the population is essential to broaden our knowledge of the species and to detect population trends.
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O'Donnell, David. "Geochemical associations of metals and organic matter in west coast Scottish sediments." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11225.
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Hope, Kjell. "Occurrence of major perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water samples from a transect of the Indian Ocean along the East African coast." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86254.
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Morrison, Ann Katherine 1929. "Canadian art and cultural appropriation : Emily Carr and the 1927 exhibition of Canadian West Coast Art - Native and Modern." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31244.
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In December 1927, Emily Carr's paintings were shown for the first time in central Canada in an exhibition called Canadian West Coast Art - Native and Modern. This event was held at the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, and marked a major turning point in Carr's career, for it brought her acceptance by the intellectual and artistic elite with their powerful networks of influence, as well as national acclaim in the public press. To this point, art historical writings have tended to focus on the artist and her own experiences, and in the process, the importance of this experimental exhibition in which her work was included has been overlooked and marginalized.
This thesis attempts to redress this imbalance by examining the exhibition in detail: first, to analyze the complexities of its ideological premises and the cultural implications of juxtaposing, for the first time in Canada, aboriginal and non-native artistic production within an art gallery setting; second, to consider the roles played by the two curators, Eric Brown, Director of the National Gallery, and C. Marius Barbeau, chief ethnologist at the National Museum; and third, to indicate the ways in which Emily Carr's works and those of the other non-native artists functioned within the exhibition.
During the 1920s, both the National Gallery and the National Museum were caught up in the competitive dynamic of asserting their leadership positions in the cause of Canadian nationalism and the development of a national cultural identity. In this 1927 exhibition, these issues of nationalism, self-definition and the development of a distinctly "Canadian" art permeated its organization and presentation. The appropriated aboriginal cultural material in the museum collections that had languished within storage cases was to be given a contemporary function. It was to be redeemed as "art," specifically as a "primitive" stage in the teleological development of the constructed field of "Canadian" art history. In this elision process, the curators relegated the native culture to a prehistoric and early historic past, suppressing its own parallel historical and cultural development.
The exhibition also presented the native objects as an available source of decorative design motifs to be exploited by non-native artists, designers and industrial firms in their production of Canadian products, underlining the assumption of the right to control and manipulate the culture of the colonized "Other."
Emily Carr"s twenty-six paintings, four hooked rugs and decorated pottery represented the largest contribution from any single artist. In their interpretations of the native culture, Carr and the other non-native artists were also engaged in a "self-other" definition, and had filtered their perceptions through the practices and conventions of western art traditions, especially in the use of modernist techniques. In the context of the exhibition, the artistic production by the fourteen non-native artists, including Carr, was caught up in a reaffirmation of the ideological and cultural positions of the two curators and the institutions they represented. The alternate discourses that could have been provided by the native people remained unheard.Arts, Faculty of
Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of
Graduate
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Kakkassery, Baburaj. "A cross-cultural approach to James W. Fowler's stages of faith development theory from an Indian perspective." Thesis, Heythrop College (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401775.
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Chami, Maximilian [Verfasser], and Eike [Gutachter] Albrecht. "Sacred Limestone Caves : Management and the use of sacred heritage places in limestone cave areas along the Swahili Coast of Indian Ocean in Tanzania / Maximilian Chami ; Gutachter: Eike Albrecht." Cottbus : BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204488584/34.
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Banks, Aaron M. "The seasonal movements and dynamics of migrating humpback whales off the east coast of Africa." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4109.
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Data collected during boat-based and aerial surveys were used to describe population structure, movements, temporal patterns of migration and skin condition of humpback whales in breeding sub-stock C1-S off southern Africa. Results confirmed that the migration route along the south coast of South Africa is linked to the winter ground off Mozambique. A lack of exchange between breeding sub-stocks C1-N and C1-S was found, suggesting that these are independent of each other. Molecular analysis revealed unexpected levels of population structure between the migration route and the winter ground of C1-S, as well as the possibility that this migration route is also utilised by some individuals from breeding sub-stock C3. A skin condition of unknown aetiology that primarily affects humpback whale mother-calf pairs was identified. The first assessment of its prevalence and severity was made, providing a baseline for future monitoring. Humpback whale abundance in an inshore region of Bazaruto Archipelago, Mozambique was estimated and attempts were also made to use the limited information off Plettenberg Bay/Knysna, South Africa. In addition to improving our understanding of humpback whales from Breeding Stock C, knowledge about another baleen whale species utilising the southwest Indian Ocean was extended. The first evidence of southern right whale presence off the coast of Mozambique since the cessation of whaling was documented. It remains unknown whether this is a remnant sub-stock or the recovering South African sub-stock reoccupying its historical range.
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Kotarba-Morley, Anna Maria. "The Port of Berenike Troglodytica on the Red Sea : a landscape-based approach to the study of its harbour and its role in Indo-Mediterranean trade." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dc80167b-8b1e-499d-9b7c-038e10b2e782.
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The port site of Berenike Troglodytica - located on the Egyptian Red Sea coast - served the spice and incense routes that linked the Mediterranean World (specifically the Roman Empire) to India, Southern Arabia and East Africa. In the Greco-Roman period the site was at the cutting edge of what was then the embryonic global economy, ideally situated as a key node connecting Indian Ocean and Mediterranean trade for almost 800 years. It is now located in an arid, marginal, hostile environment but the situation must have been very different 2300 years ago, at the time of its founding. At the time of elephant-hunting trips during the Hellenistic period before the inception of its important role in the global markets of the day in the Roman period Berenike would have to have looked much different to what we can now imagine. What was it like then, when the first prospectors visited this location at the time of Ptolemy II? Why this particular place, and this particular landscape setting seemed such a propitious location for the siting of an important new harbour? Given the importance of the port over almost a millennium it is perhaps surprising that very little is known about the different factors impacting on the foundation, evolution, heyday and subsequent decline of the city; or the size, shape, and capacity of its harbour. The intention of this research is to address this shortfall in our knowledge, to examine the drivers behind the rise and fall of this port city, and to explore the extent to which the dynamics of the physical landscape were integral to this story. Using an innovative Earth Science approach, changes in the archaeological 'coastscape' have been reconstructed and correlated with periods of occupation and abandonment of the port, shedding light on the nature, degree and directionality of human-environment interactions at the site. This work has revealed profound changes in the configuration of the coastal landscape and environment (including the sea level) during the lifespan of Berenike, highlighting the ability of people to exploit changes in their immediate environment, and demonstrating that, ultimately, the decline of the port was partly due to these landscape dynamics. To further explore these themes the landscape reconstructions have been supplemented by semi-quantitative analyses of a suite of variables likely to influence the initial siting of new ports of trade. These have shown that although the site of Berenike was ideal in terms of its coastal landscape potential, possessing a natural sheltered bay and lagoon system, the choice of location was not solely influenced by its environmental conditions. Additionally, a detailed review of vessels that plied Red Sea and Indian Ocean routes is presented here in order to better understand the design and functioning of Berenike's harbour. This serves the purpose of identifying unifying features that provide more detail about the size and draught of vessels and the potential capacity of the harbour basin. By using this multi-scalar approach it has been possible to reconstruct the 'coastscape' of the site through the key periods of its occupancy and those phases immediately before and after its operation. This has wide-ranging implications for researchers studying ancient ports along this trade network as a larger database will tease out more details about how influential the landscape was in the initial siting of the port and its subsequent use and decline.
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Washington, Haydn G. "The wilderness knot." Click here for electronic access to document: http://arrow.uws.edu.au:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/uws:44, 2006. http://arrow.uws.edu.au:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/uws:44.
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Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Western Sydney.Title from electronic document (viewed 2/6/10) Interviews held with: "James' Dharug, Traditional Custodian; Dr. Rob Lesslie, conservation biologist, Dr. Val Plumwood, environmental philosopher, Virginia Young, Director WildCountry Project, Professor Mike Archer, Dr. Deborah Bird Rose, anthropologist, Ms. Penny Figgis, former Vice President of ACF, Dr. Tim Flannery, Director South Australian Museum, Mr. Dean Stewart, Aboriginal Education Officer, Melbourne Botanic Gardens, Dr. Rosemary Hill, ACF Northern Lands Project Officer, Professor Harry Recher.
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Avila, Alex. "THE BRONX COCKED BACK AND SMOKING MULTIFARIOUS PROSE PERFORMANCE." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/394.
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The Bronx Cocked Back And Smoking is a collection of multifarious prose performances recounting the historical, personal, social, political and cultural constructs of a city birthed by violence. This body of work is accompanied by video, audio, photography, and theatre performance texts. St. Mary’s Housing project, in the Bronx, is the foundation where most of this literary work takes place. The modern day Griot (storyteller) is a Poet, guiding his audience through the social inequalities and disparities that plague St. Mary’s community. The Poet shares personal traumatic insights while simultaneously utilizing writing as a form of survival to the conditions of the Bronx. This multi-platform performance highlights the metaphorical and physical concerns with the cycle of violence. This question is answered through the Poet’s choice by selecting the pen over the gun.
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Willis, Samuel C. "Late Pleistocene lithic technological organization on the southern Oregon coast : investigations at Indian Sands (35-CU-67C)." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28363.
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Excavations conducted at Indian Sands (35-CU-67C), located along Oregon's
southern coast, during 2002 and 2003 identified two discreet, artifact-bearing stratigraphic
units. The uppermost unit is a deflated surface containing burnt shell and lithic artifacts
associated with early Holocene ¹⁴C dates, while the underlying unit contained only lithic tools
and debitage, some of which were associated with a ¹⁴C date of 10,430 ± 150 RCYBP. The
late Pleistocene lithic assemblage at 35-CU-67C provides the earliest evidence for human
presence on the Oregon coast to date. Analysis performed on the late Pleistocene
assemblage addresses the validity of existing hypotheses regarding the nature of early
Oregon coastal hunter-gatherer technological and subsistence strategies. These
hypotheses are focused on whether early populations on the Oregon coast practiced a
generalist-forager or collector subsistence strategy.
Using theoretical approaches that deal with the organization of hunter-gatherer
technology, analyses were conducted on the lithic tool and debitage assemblages at 35-CU-
67C in order to infer past hunter-gatherer behavior. Through the implementation of multiple
tool and debitage analysis methodologies, issues of hunter-gatherer mobility, raw material
procurement, stages of lithic reduction, tool production, and site function are presented. The data generated by the late Pleistocene lithic assemblage at 35-CU-67C are compared with
the overlying surficial assemblage, additional early sites along the North American Pacific
coast, and to contemporaneous sites located further inland within the Pacific Northwest
region.
Results of the lithic analyses at 35-CU-67C show distinct similarities in debitage trends
between the assemblages of each stratigraphic unit. However, when tool assemblages from
these units are compared, discrepancies in the types and amount of tools are found.
Reasons for intra-site variability and similarity are explained through raw material studies
and site function at 35-CU-67C. Additionally, similarities between the early tool assemblage
at 35-CU-67C and those found in early tool assemblages on the extended Pacific coast and
interior Pacific Northwest regions are discussed.
This thesis demonstrates that early southern Oregon coastal populations had a tendency
towards high mobility and used a generalized toolkit organization. Early lithic technology
used at 35-CU-67C emphasized multidirectional core technology and biface manufacture in
the form of preforms and leaf-shaped projectile-points. This type of technological
organization is to be expected from hunter-gatherers practicing a generalist-forager
subsistence strategy. Based on the 10,430 ± 150 RCYBP date and technological
organization at 35-CU-67C, early Oregon coastal occupation is seen as encompassing a
generalist-forager subsistence strategy most likely adapted to both coastal and terrestrial
environments.Graduation date: 2005
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Dua, Jatin. "Regulating the Ocean: Piracy and Protection along the East African Coast." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9035.
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From 2008-2012, a dramatic upsurge in incidents of maritime piracy in the Western Indian Ocean led to renewed global attention to this region: including the deployment of multi national naval patrols, attempts to prosecute suspected pirates, and the development of financial interdiction systems to track and stop the flow of piracy ransoms. Largely seen as the maritime ripple effect of anarchy on land, piracy has been slotted into narratives of state failure and problems of governance and criminality in this region.
This view fails to account for a number of factors that were crucial in making possible the unprecedented rise of Somali piracy and its contemporary transformation. Instead of an emphasis on failed states and crises of governance, my dissertation approaches maritime piracy within a historical and regional configuration of actors and relationships that precede this round of piracy and will outlive it. The story I tell in this work begins before the contemporary upsurge of piracy and closes with a foretaste of the itineraries beyond piracy that are being crafted along the East African coast.
Beginning in the world of port cities in the long nineteenth century, my dissertation locates piracy and the relationship between trade, plunder, and state formation within worlds of exchange, including European incursions into this oceanic space. Scholars of long distance trade have emphasized the sociality engendered through commerce and the centrality of idioms of trust and kinship in structuring mercantile relationships across oceanic divides. To complement this scholarship, my work brings into view the idiom of protection: as a claim to surety, a form of tax, and a moral claim to authority in trans-regional commerce.
To build this theory of protection, my work combines archival sources with a sustained ethnographic engagement in coastal East Africa, including the pirate ports of Northern Somalia, and focuses on the interaction between land-based pastoral economies and maritime trade. This connection between land and sea calls attention to two distinct visions of the ocean: one built around trade and mobility and the other built on the ocean as a space of extraction and sovereignty. Moving between historical encounters over trade and piracy and the development of a national maritime economy during the height of the Somali state, I link the contemporary upsurge of maritime piracy to the confluence of these two conceptualizations of the ocean and the ideas of capture, exchange, and redistribution embedded within them.
The second section of my dissertation reframes piracy as an economy of protection and a form of labor implicated within other legal and illegal economies in the Indian Ocean. Based on extensive field research, including interviews with self-identified pirates, I emphasize the forms of labor, value, and risk that characterize piracy as an economy of protection. The final section of my dissertation focuses on the diverse international, regional, and local responses to maritime piracy. This section locates the response to piracy within a post-Cold War and post-9/11 global order and longer attempts to regulate and assuage the risks of maritime trade. Through an ethnographic focus on maritime insurance markets, navies, and private security contractors, I analyze the centrality of protection as a calculation of risk and profit in the contemporary economy of counter-piracy.
Through this focus on longer histories of trade, empire, and regulation my dissertation reframes maritime piracy as an economy of protection straddling boundaries of land and sea, legality and illegality, law and economy, and history and anthropology.
Dissertation
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Khasenye, Valentine Ochanda. "An integrated approach towards vulnerability assessment of climate-change induced sea level rise along the Kenyan coast." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24595.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.Currently, 48% and 71% of the infrastructure for Mombasa and Lamu respectively falls within the Low Elevation Coastal Zones (LECZ) of less than 10m thus highlighting their extreme vulnerability under the pessimistic sea-level-rise (SLR). Based on the primary objective of assessing the impacts of climate-change-induced SLR for the two island cities, this study finds that by the end of this century, close to 50% of Mombasa Island and almost 71% of Lamu Island fall under threat of inundation from SLR enhanced storm surges of a one storm surge in 100 years. The study objectives were to assess initial SLR vulnerability levels for the Kenyan coast, analyse status quo vulnerability perceptions and awareness, co-produce mitigation and adaptation policy options and produce an integrated vulnerability assessment atlas and manual for SLR along coastal cities, with participatory processes as a key component. SLR scenario modelling using GIS techniques (and guided by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC) under two SLR scenarios of Regional Concentration Pathways (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5), was applied to estimate the spatial extent, population, and infrastructure under threat. Participatory Action Planning (PAR) based on a mini-charrette was used to analyse status quo perception and awareness of SLR and related impacts followed by co-creation of adaptation and mitigation strategies. Under RCP 2.6 (optimistic-scenario) the simulation findings indicate that exposure level to the 1:100 storm surge for Mombasa County at 4m elevation falls between 433,300 and 2.5 million people and over US$9.1 billion in assets exposed by 2090. Under RCP 8.5 (pessimistic-scenario) for Lamu, the exposure level of between 37,200 and 480,400 people and over US$ 648 million in infrastructure/assets is exposed by 2090. Under increased urbanization, vulnerability for both Mombasa and Lamu increases to over 2.6 million inhabitants and US$ 14.5 Billion and US$ 1.2 Billion respectively by 2090 under RCP 8.5. The participatory process showed improvement in the awareness of SLR impacts by participants in both islands and thus constituted the basis of co-production of adaptation and mitigation strategies as well as finalisation of the vulnerability atlases of the island cities. Keywords: Sea-level-rise, vulnerability assessment, climate change, Kenyan coast and coastal planning.
GR2018
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Hugo, Victor Emmanuel. "A study of titanium-bearing oxides in heavy mineral deposits along the East Coast of South Africa." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5647.
Full textAbstract:
Heavy mineral deposits along the east coast of South Africa represent the world's largest
demonstrated resource of beach placer ilmenite. This mineral occurs as homogeneous,
subrounded grains, with chemical compositions close to pure FeTi03• Concentrates
contain between 48 and 52 per cent Ti02, with minor impurities of MnO, MgO, and
Cr203.
Most coastal ilmenites are unaltered or display only incipient alteration, but the entire
spectrum of alteration products from ilmenite to rutile or anatase, is observed.
Transmission electron microscopy of weathered ilmenites reveals that ilmenite commonly
alters to pseudorutile and then to rutile or anatase, as described by Teufer and Temple
(1966) and Grey and Reid (1975). Ilmenite may also alter directly to rutile (or anatase)
in a single-stage process. In addition, ilmenite altered by high temperature oxidation and
hydrothermal processes is found in the deposits. There is good mineralogical evidence that
the alteration of ilmenites found in the coastal sediments is best described by a multi stage
model, in which some ilmenite grains were altered prior to final deposition.
Other common iron-titanium oxides in the deposits include magnetite, rutile and hematite,
which may occur as discrete grains or as composite grains of two or more oxides.
Ilmenite and magnetite in the coastal sediments are derived from rocks of both the Karoo
Igneous Province and the Natal Basement, while rutile is derived solely from the latter.
Ilmenites from certain rock groups may be distinguished on the basis of their chemical
composition. However, magnetite chemistry is a better indicator of provenance, and
magnetites from the above two sources can be clearly distinguished. The petrography of
the iron-titanium oxides may be used as a provenance indicator, but may be misleading,
as the proportions of the oxide intergrowths change with transport and weathering.
Variations in the proportions and chemical compositions of iron-titanium oxides and other
heavy minerals within the coastal sediments are caused by provenance, selective sorting
during deposition, age of the deposit, weathering, and the recent geological history of the
area. A model is proposed in this study which describes the formation of the heavy
mineral deposits in relationship to the above influences.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1993.
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Gibba, Bakary. "The West Indian Mission to West Africa: The Rio Pongas Mission, 1850-1963." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31759.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the efforts of the West Indian Church to establish and run a fascinating Mission in an area of West Africa already influenced by Islam or traditional religion. It focuses mainly on the Pongas Mission’s efforts to spread the Gospel but also discusses its missionary hierarchy during the formative years in the Pongas Country between 1855 and 1863, and the period between 1863 and 1873, when efforts were made to consolidate the Mission under black control and supervision. Between 1873 and 1900 when more Sierra Leonean assistants were hired, relations between them and African-descended West Indian missionaries, as well as between these missionaries and their Eurafrican host chiefs, deteriorated. More efforts were made to consolidate the Pongas Mission amidst greater financial difficulties and increased French influence and restrictive measures against it between 1860 and 1935. These followed an earlier prejudiced policy in the mission that was strongly influenced by the hierarchical nature of nineteenth-century Barbadian society, which was abandoned only after successive deaths and resignations of white superintendents and the demonstrated ability of black pastors to independently run the Mission.
Instrumentalism aided the conversion process and the increased flow of converts threatened both the traditional belief systems and social order of the Pongas Country, resulting in confrontation between the Mission and traditional religion worshippers, while the lack of more legitimate trade in the Pongas Country and allegations of black missionaries’ illicit sexual relations and illegal trading caused the downfall of John Henry A. Duport, the Mission’s first black Head Missionary.
In the late 1800s, efforts to establish a self-supporting, self-generating, and self-propagating church together with initiatives toward African agency in the Pongas Country failed. However, it was French activities and eventual consolidation of their interests in the Pongas Country from 1890 and their demand that Mission schools teach in French, together with successful recruiting of Mission students by the Roman Catholics and Muslim clerics in Guinea, that finally crippled it. Thus, by 1935 when the Gambia-Pongas Bishopric was established in the hope of rescuing the Mission, this gender-biased Christian enterprise in West Africa was already a spent force.
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Gannaway, Amanda. "Visualizing Divine Authority: An Iconography of Rulership on the Late Middle Horizon and Late Intermediate Period North Coast of Peru." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8F76BKH.
Full textAbstract:
Before the mid-1980s Lambayeque style artifacts were often mislabeled in museums, private collections and catalogues as representative of the Chimú style. This “Chimuization” (Zevallos Quiñones 1971) of Lambayeque style objects was symptomatic of long-standing confusion between the two sets of material culture, which are now better defined thanks to ongoing archaeological projects in the north coast regions of Peru where the objects were produced. The semblance between these artistic traditions, which was responsible for their initial classificatory muddling, is often mentioned anecdotally in works concerning the late Middle Horizon and Late Intermediate Periods of Andean prehistory during which the styles flourished. The exact nature of the relationship between them, however, awaits a thorough, directed study. This dissertation aims to address this lacuna in pre-Columbian art historical scholarship by means of a comparative iconographic analysis focused on a specific type of figural imagery that was ubiquitous in each corpus and associated with institutions of divinely sanctioned rulership. The primary sample of images compiled and reviewed by this project is limited by medium to those found on ceramic vessels. Ultimately, however, iconographic representations and objects of ritual use in various media are positioned as different facets of the same overarching aesthetic concept, offering one possible model for interpreting the visualization of divine rulership in ancient cultures more generally.
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Van, Laere M. Susan. "The Grizzly Bear and the Deer : the history of Federal Indian Policy and its impact on the Coast Reservation tribes of Oregon, 1856-1877." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28421.
Full textAbstract:
The Coast Reservation of Oregon was established under Executive Order of
President Franklin Pierce in November, 1855, as a homeland for the southern Oregon
tribes. It was an immense, isolated wilderness, parts of which had burned earlier in the
century. There were some prairies where farming was possible, but because the
reservation system itself and farming, particularly along the coast, were unknown entities,
life for the Indians was a misery for years.
Those responsible for the establishment of the reservation were subject to the
vagaries of the weather, the wilderness, the Congress, and the Office of Indian Affairs.
Agents were accountable, not only for the lives of Oregon Indians, but also for all of the
minute details involved in answering to a governmental agency. Some of the agents were
experienced with the tribes of western Oregon; others were not. All of them believed that
the only way to keep the Indians from dying out was to teach them the European
American version of agriculturalism. Eventually, if possible, Oregon Indians would be
assimilated into the dominant culture. Most agents held out little hope for the adults of
the tribes.
This thesis lays out the background for the development of United States Indian
policies. European Americans' ethnocentric ideas about what constituted civilization
became inextricably woven into those policies. Those policies were brought in their infant
stage to Oregon. Thus, the work on the reservations was experimental, costing lives and
destroying community. How those policies were implemented on the Coast Reservation
from 1856-1877 concludes this study.Graduation date: 2000
Best scan available for photos. Original is a black and white photocopy.
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Durham, Ben. "The distribution and abundance of the humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) along the Natal coast, South Africa." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4838.
Full textAbstract:
Populations of the humpback dolphin in Natal, South Africa, are subject to increasing pressures including capture in the shark nets and habitat degradation, and concern has been raised about the status of the population. A minimum of 95 humpback dolphins were caught in the shark nets during the period from 1980 to 1992. Capture and sighting records of the Natal Sharks Board revealed a relatively high occurrence of humpback dolphins at Richards Bay. Elsewhere, in southern Natal, the infrequent sightings and captures were attributed to a seasonal occurrence of dolphins, possibly due to temporary movements away from resident areas. Sighting rates reported by the Natal Sharks Board has decreased by 55%from 1984-86 to 1990-92 and may reflect a decrease in the population. In a photo-identification study, searches took place in ten search areas in Natal. The sighting rates in the different areas revealed a relatively high density of humpback dolphins occurring in north central Natal, from the Tugela River to the St. Lucia estuary (including Richards Bay). This distribution correlated significantly with the turbidity of the water and the width of the inshore continental shelf, and was inversely related to the density of bottlenose dolphins. Within the northern Tugela Bank region, higher densities of dolphins were found surrounding the five river mouths and estuaries. The Natal population was estimated to be between 161 to 166 animals (95% confidence limits 134 to 229). The annual mortality due to shark net captures approximates 4,5%of the population. Various evidence, including a high mortality rate and a decrease in the annual sighting per unit effort reported by the Natal Sharks Board suggest that the humpback dolphin population in Natal is vulnerable and may be decreasing in size. A proposal is made to reduce the capture rate by relocating shark nets away from the Richards Bay harbour.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, 1994.
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Szczęśniak, Jakub. "Rola odmiennych stanów świadomości w procesie symbolizacji religijnej : analiza zjawiska na przykładzie postaci ducha opiekuńczego w religiach Indian Ameryki Północnej." Praca doktorska, 2020. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/269986.
Full text
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Helweg, Priya Anne. ""Why shouldn’t we live in technicolor like everybody else..."¹ evolving traditions : Professional Northwest coast First Nations women artists." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3570.
Full textAbstract:
In this study I interviewed fourteen professional, First Nations women artists who work
predominantly in the so-called men's style of Northwest Coast art. I conclude that these artists
challenge the rigid dichotomy set forth in the literature between men's and women's art by
successfully working as carvers and designers in the formline style.
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Dubreuil, Chisato Ono. "It Took More Than a Village: The Story of The 'Ksan Historical Outdoor Museum and The Kitanmax School of Northwest Coast Indian Art." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4991.
Full textAbstract:
My dissertation analyzes the development of the visual culture of the people known as the Gitksan, as witnessed through the creation of ‘Ksan, a tourist village located at present day Gitanmaax (Hazelton, B.C.). I demonstrate how the fields of ‘art’, ‘craft’ and ‘artifact’ come into play in a more nuanced understanding of the development of various sectors at this key tourist site. The focus of the dissertation includes the complex motives that led to the creation of ‘Ksan. I consider the interrelationship of its art, the school as well as its business practices. I offer new insights into the developmental advantages of governmental project funding, the selection of a teaching staff knowledgeable in the arts of the Gitksan, and the reasons that led to its dramatic early success, only to be followed by an equally dramatic decline, all in a space of about 40 years. My reliance on interviews and analysis of new documents contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex history at this site. I also examine how the vision of Marius Barbeau may have contributed to the vision for ‘Ksan, articulated in part by a non-Native woman, Polly Sargent, a prime mover in the development of the site, the contributions of professionals like art historian Bill Holm, and most importantly, the dedication of the Gitksan people. While the school has closed, ‘Ksan’s positive impact on First Nations art of the Northwest Coast and its influence on the acceptability of Native art as fine art in Canada and other parts of the world, is evident.Graduate
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cdubreui@sbu.edu
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Littlefield, Loraine. "Gender, class and community: the history of Sne-nay-muxw women’s employment." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7487.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis documents the employment history of Sne-nay-muxw women. The Sne
nay-muxw, a Coast Salish peoples, live on the southeast coast ofVancouver Island close
to the city ofNanaimo. Nanaimo was established by the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1852
as coal mining town. Coal dominated the economy until the early 20th century when
forestry related production became important. Today a service economy has eclipsed both
the primary and secondary industries. Within these economies a distinct gender, race and
class segregation structured Sne-nay-muxw women’s employment opportunities. This
study examines the nature of this segregation, the Sne-nay-muxw domestic economy and
the gender ideology that promoted both women’s inclusion and exclusion in. wage labour.
A central question posed in this thesis is why Sne-nay-muxw women today perceive their
traditional roles to be within the home despite their historical participation in the labour
force.
Feminist anthropology provides the theoretical and methodological approach used for
this study. It is accepted that women’s experiences in the labour force are different not
only from men but also from other women based upon relational inequalities ofrace and
class. Historical data was collected from a variety of sources; published and unpublished
government reports, missionary accounts, letters and journals. Nineteen women and eight
men were interviewed in the community for both historic and contemporary accounts of
employment experiences.
History reveals that during the mining economy Sne-nay-muxw women were excluded
from working in the mines and limited to employment as domestic servants. The introduction of Chinese labour, decreasing coal demands and increased technology forced
many women to migrate with their families to the canneries on the Fraser river and the hop
fields in Washington state. In the forestry related production economy, Sne-nay-muxw
women’s opportunities were limited despite the expansion of employment for women in
the service sector. State policies and inferior education were significant factors in this
exclusion. At this time Sne-nay-muxw women continued to migrate with their families to
the fish camps on Rivers Inlet and the berry fields in Washington state. In the last two
decades the service economy has dominated in Nanaimo. Sne-nay-muxw women have
found increasing job opportunities on and off reserve in administration, management and
professional service delivery programs. While this employment is part of the wider trend
for women in the service economy, Sne-nay-muxw women’s opportunities remain
segregated by gender, race and class.
Women’s participation in the labour force is shown to be linked to the organization of
their domestic economy. Before 1920 this economy incorporated both subsistence
production and farming with seasonal wage labour. After this time the Sne-nay-muxw
became increasingly dependent upon wage labour. However, extended family and kinship
networks have remained important for support and cooperation. This form ofhousehold
organization did not constrain women’s participation in the labour force. Today extended
families remain the central organizing principle in Sne-nay-muxw lives. Sne-nay-muxw
women’s identity and opportunities for education and employment remain linked to their
membership in these families.
Shifts in women’s participation in the labour force is shown to be accompanied by
acceptance of a domestic ideology. During the mining economy when women actively sought wage labour, they acquired domestic skills needed for wage labour but did not
accept an ideology that promoted their dependency upon men. Historical evidence
indicates that they retained a significant degree of autonomy in their lives. With men’s
increased security of employment in the forestry economy, the idealized role ofwomen as
housewives was promoted. Families that were able to realize women’s exclusion from the
labour force gained status and prestige in the community. Finally, in the service economy,
the Sne-nay-muxw gender ideology includes women’s participation in the labour force to
occupations linked to their domestic and nurturing roles.
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Twomey, Callum. "Historical variability of east coast lows (ECLs) and their impact on Eastern Australia’s hydroclimate." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1356112.
Full textAbstract:
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)The hydroclimate of eastern Australia is highly variable, with a multitude of large-scale climate processes bearing considerable influence on spatial and temporal rainfall characteristics. One phenomenon known for its contribution to rainfall and which operates on daily timescales, are East Coast Lows (ECLs). These intense low-pressure systems which take place over the subtropical east coasts of southern and northern hemisphere continents are typically associated with gale force winds, large seas, storm surges, heavy rainfall and flooding. While ECL impacts are usually seen as negative (e.g. flooding, storm damage etc.), the rainfall associated with ECLs is also very important for urban water security within the heavily populated eastern seaboard of Australia (ESA). This region of Australia contains a high number of city centres which are forecast to undergo disproportionate rates of growth compared to other areas in Australia. As a result, considerable pressure will be placed on water infrastructure and its resilience to climate variability. This thesis investigates the historical variability of ECLs, and their impact on eastern Australia’s hydroclimate, with particular emphasis placed on the ESA. Within the last decade, several comprehensive ECL databases have been developed. Despite this, inconsistencies remain as to what constitutes an ECL. This has hindered our ability to understand these systems and their impacts. In this thesis, we demonstrate that the definition of an ECL should include classification of the various ECL sub-types based on the synoptic-scale environments from which they form. ECL sub-types have different spatial distributions, seasonal cycles, and rainfall characteristics. Consequently, regions of eastern Australia and in particular the ESA, are influenced differently by different ECL sub-types. An investigation of rainfall across Australia and within the ESA suggests that the ESA is different to the rest of Australia and also not homogenous itself. For winter three separate divisions are identified: (i) the most northerly division from Moreton in Queensland (QLD) to the Manning region of New South Wales (NSW); (ii) the Hunter region south to the metropolitan Sydney area; and (iii) from Illawarra (NSW) to Eastern-central Victoria. For summer, autumn, and spring rainfall, two clear divisions are present: (i) the two most northerly divisions identified in winter combined and (ii) and the equivalent of the third and most southerly outlined for winter. The results suggest that the observed spatial inhomogeneity in rainfall across the ESA is at least in part due to ECLs and their sub-types. Though ECLs may only last a few days, they do have the capacity to provide considerable contributions to water storage reservoirs. Approximately one-third of ECL related rainfall occurs in the 48-hours prior to the system entering the Tasman Sea. Furthermore, given the trajectory of sub-types such as Inland Troughs (IT), Continental Lows (CL) and Southern Secondary Lows(SSL), much of this rainfall provides relief to western flowing headwaters, inland of the Great Dividing Range (GDR). An examination of seasonal rainfall contributions reveals that rainfall associated with Easterly Trough Low (ETL) is statistically significant along the central and northern latitudes of the ESA within winter. SSLs are also found to be significant for the southern extent of the ESA and extends its influence into spring, while CLs establish significance across Victoria. On daily time-scales ITs and ex-tropical cyclones are found to have significantly higher rainfall totals than non-ECL sources (and a number of other ECL sub-types) for their regions of preference. However, due to their infrequent nature, this did not translate into significant seasonal contributions, signifying an important difference in what sub-types present a risk to flooding and those, or rather their absence, that present a risk to water security. ECL sub-types and how their variability impact eastern Australia’s hydroclimate is also shown to be affected by large-scale climate processes. Changes in the spatial distribution of ECLs is found to reflect changes in the proportion of ECL sub-types. When in the La Niña phase, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (and its variant ENSO Modoki) tend to shift the spatial distribution of ECLs north. In winter, this also corresponds to an increase in overall ECL activity. This results in more than a 50% increase in ECL related winter rainfall, while similar magnitude of decrease was observed during the El Niño phase. Other mechanisms such as the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) were also found to have a considerable influence on the spatial distribution of ECLs and their associated rainfall. During negative IOD conditions, increases in rainfall west of the GDR corresponded to an increase in the proportion of westerly ECLs. Conversely, during positive IOD, ECL rainfall increases within the ESA owing to a change in the proportion of ECL sub-types. This thesis also provides insights into the importance of ECLs and their sub-types to a key streamflow monitoring station within the Hunter region of NSW. As an indicator for inflowpotential to the Grahamstown Dam, ECLs are responsible for 74% of all streamflow ≥ 99th percentile within the Williams River catchment. Likewise, the absence of ECLs is also shown to be associated with times where the Williams River is experiencing its lowest flow rates. The findings of this thesis are significant and demonstrate the influence ECL sub-types have on hydroclimatic variability in eastern Australia. It also reveals that existing climate related risks are different across the ESA and suggests that how those risks change into the future is also likely to be inconsistent across the ESA – and will likely depend heavily on what eventuates in terms of changes to ECL, and the various ECL sub-types and behaviour (e.g. frequency, timing, location, duration, magnitude and sequencing). This reinforces the need for locally relevant and practically useful climate science information and adaptation strategies - as opposed to State- or Countrywide information and adaptation approaches that are commonly used.
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Nordlund, Elizabeth Anne. "Adoption in the Seabird Island Band." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5021.
Full textAbstract:
In the past, the Ministry of Social Services and Housing has
placed many native children from the Seabird Island Band, a
Salish band in the Sta’lo Nation, in permanent placement or
adoption off the reserve. Government agencies imposed a system
of child welfare that superseded Seabird Island adoption
practices. The Seabird Island Band members would prefer to see
these children placed within the band through ‘custom’ adoption.
In apprehension and placement court cases, the band social worker
has needed documented information defining ‘custom’ adoption, and
data regarding the benefits of this Seabird Island process. This
thesis investigates and documents the process and results of
adoption on the Seabird Island Indian Reserve.
This thesis begins with a brief history of Canadian adoption
policy as it applies to First Nations people. The thesis is
based on detailed taped interviews with Seabird Island Band
members who had experienced foster care and/or adoption. This
fieldwork was the result of negotiation with the Seabird Island
Band to discover the type of research that they needed. The
thesis documents four kinds of adoption experience of the Seabird
Island members: foster care, closed legal adoption, open
adoption, and ‘custom’ adoption. In my analysis of these
adoption experiences, three main themes occur: (1) issues of
ethnic identity, (2) power and the child welfare system, and (3)
the definition and functions of ‘custom’ adoption.
The thesis concludes that the imposed system of child welfare
based on Euro-western ideas of appropriate child care may have
destroyed or seriously damaged some Seabird Island Band members’
sense of ethnic identity. As well, it may be a factor in the
break-up of the extended family. ‘Custom’ adoption, as defined by
Seabird Island Band members, offers an alternate model for
keeping apprehended Seabird Island children within the band.
Open adoption, as defined by the pilot project documented, is an
alternative for those children who cannot be returned to the
band. I have made several recommendations in the conclusion for
the Seabird Island Band’s consideration.
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Antoń, Paulina. "Współpraca w zakresie ochrony granic zewnętrznych Unii Europejskiej." Praca doktorska, 2019. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/79782.
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Allain, Julia Anne. "Duwamish history in Duwamish voices: weaving our family stories since colonization." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5790.
Full textAbstract:
Duwamish people are “the People of the Inside,” “the Salmon People”—Coast Salish people who occupied a large territory inside the Olympic Mountains and the Cascade range. Ninety Longhouses were situated where Seattle and several neighbouring cities now stand. Today, over six hundred Duwamish are urban Indigenous people without legal recognition as an American Indian tribe, still battling for rights promised by the Point Elliott Treaty of 1855. Portrayals of Duwamish history since the time of colonization are often incomplete or incorrect.
A tribe member myself, I set out to record and present family stories concerning the period 1850 to the present from participants from six Duwamish families. I gathered histories told in the words of the people whose family experiences they are. It is history from a Duwamish perspective, in Duwamish voices. Collected family stories are recorded in the appendices to my dissertation. In my ethnographic study, I inquire as to what strengths have carried Duwamish people through their experiences since colonization. The stories reveal beliefs and practices which have supported the Duwamish people, and hopes for the future.
Data was gathered using multiple methods, including fieldwork—visiting a master weaver; attending tribal meetings; and visiting historic sites—reading existing documents by Duwamish authors and by settlers, and interviewing, including looking at photos to elicit information. Five themes emerged from the data: Finding a True History; What Made Them Strong; Intermarriage; Working for the People; and Working with the Youth. These themes together constitute what I term the Indigenous Star of Resilience (see Figure One in Chapter Six). For me, this study has truly been swit ulis uyayus—“work that the Creator has wrapped around me” (Vi Hilbert, quoted in Yoder, 2004); work that is a gift.Graduate
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juliemorgana@yahoo.ca