Academic literature on the topic 'Indian authored novel'

Bankim Chandra Chatterjee(1838–94) is widely recognized as one of the preeminent novelists of nineteenth-century India. A literary forerunner of the much-celebrated Rabindranath Tagore, he authored fourteen Bengali novels which set the benchmark for Bengal's foray into novelistic territory. Bankim acquired national and international repute over the course of his lifetime, and not only were his novels translated into other Indian languages over the course of the nineteenth century, but translations of his work also appeared in Russia from as early as the 1870s (Novikova ii). While Bankim's fame rests on the strength of his Bengali writings multiply translated as they were, his first novel,Rajmohan's Wife(1864), was written in English. Interestingly,Rajmohan's Wife, usually considered the first Indian novel in English, is now seldom read, a neglect replicating the scant attention that the novel garnered when it was first serialized in the 1860s.

The recognizable formal structure of tommy orange's there there and its familiar revelations about indigenous american life, as much as the components distinguishing the novel from other Native-authored works that share its concerns, have propelled it to the center of conversations about contemporary Native literature. Yet the excitement about the arrival of a new, talented writer has obscured There There's roots in American Indian literary history, especially its affiliations with novels by other Native authors. As the numerous images of characters in mirrors and other reflective surfaces suggest, Orange establishes Indigenous people looking at Indigenous people, and Indigenous authors looking at Indigenous authors, as foundational to the novel's form. There There reflects the work of many other Native fiction writers, most prominently Sherman Alexie, but also James Welch, N. Scott Momaday, and David Treuer, among others. He evokes the formal features of many of Louise Erdrich's novels, too, but unlike Erdrich, Orange leaves readers with the overwhelming impression of irrevocably damaged Indigenous communities with dismal prospects for breaking cycles of violence and trauma.

What led Prof Prabhat Patnaik, Pope at Vatican City and Dr Raghuram Rajan to a rallying point for the recovery and sustainability of the Global Capitalism from its shivering crisis? It's Karl Marx's 'Capital' ('Das Kapital'). Literature Review of Miners' plight in Indian Literature. World's top ten mine disasters in which two happened in India - Dhanbad and Chasnala. ' Kaala Pathar' Hindi film was based on Chasnala mining disaster. Nationalisation of Indian Coal Industry thanks to Indian coal miners' continuous struggles. Introduction of Ku.Chinnappa Bharathi, Tamil writer, who authored 'Surangam' Tamil novel. How did the idea of writing 'Surangam' come to Ku. Chinnappa Bharathi's mind? Shri Bikas Chowdhury, CPI-M MP from Asansol Constituency, invited the writer to pay a visit to Dhanbad, Jharia and Asansol mines, to study the plight and living standards of the workers to attempt a novel on this theme. KuChiBha. accepted the offer. The conversation with the miners with the help of interpreters, contributed a lot to visualize the air. Plot of Surangam. The category of workers and the hierarchy of supervisors. Bikas Choudhary, Jamuna Kumari, Sakuntala Devi, Mining Munshi, Mining Sardar, Mine owner Tiwari, organised workers, drunkard-workers, Debt recovery agents, liquor shop-owner, villagers, peasants and the like. The greed of inhuman mine-owners and supervisors is portrayed the customs and cultural events of Bengalis and the tenets of humanitarian Marxist Atheism are briefed. How the novel observes the genre of Socialist Realism, with the Marxist point of view, is well-presented. The denationalisation of the Coal Industry, with the repeal of Mining Nationalisation Acts, will again unleash the exploitation of private owners in the coal industry. The case-study of ' Surangam ' to explore the livelihood of the miners in non-Tamil speaking areas to write a novel in Tamil, for being translated further into Bengali and Hindi, is a laudable attempt and a great literary venture.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the presentation of egalitarianism in traditional and modern world as colored by the hands of the woman writer Manju Kapur in her work Brothers. It foregrounds the relationship between the real world and the fictional world of women which is more or less the same. The chief finding is that the present life of women has a turn and development when compared to the previous generation, but the hidden complexity burst out at certain stage which proves that the convention is still prevailing. The study can help the readers to see the real world through writings and can understand and read the mind of women who suffer from sexual harassment, patriarchal dominance, in due time of optimistic life of fulfilled desires and courage of modern women. This article excerpts the proposed gender study and presents the gender discrimination of two generations portrayed by the writer which clearly exposes the deep variation as well as the oneness, and results in the projection of the real world in words. The positive changes in women’s lives and the sexual deviations too have been discussed. This study focuses on the traditional and modern livelihood of male and female through the novel Brothers authored by Manju Kapur, a well-known Indian women writer.

IntroductionIndian Literature with its multiplicity of languages and the plurality of cultures dates back to 3000 years ago, comprising Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas and Epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata. India has a strong literary tradition in various Indian regional languages like Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali, Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Oriya, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam and so on. Indian writers share oral tradition, indigenous experiences and reflect on the history, culture and society in regional languages as well as in English. The first Indian novel in English is Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s Rajmohan’s Wife (1864). Indian Writing in English can be viewed in three phases - Imitative, First and Second poets’ phases. The 20th century marks the matrix of indigenous novels. The novels such as Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable (1935), Anita Nair’s Ladies Coupé (2001), and Khuswant Singh’s Memories of Madness: Stories of 1947 (2002) depict social issues, vices and crises (discrimination, injustice, violence against women) in India. Indian writers, and their contribution to world literature, are popular in India and abroad.Researchers are keen on analysing the works of Indian writers from historical, cultural, social perspectives and on literary theories (Post-Colonialism, Postmodernity, Cultural Studies). The enormity of the cultural diversity in India is reflected in Indian novels, plays, dramas, short stories and poems. This collection of articles attempts to capture the diversity of the Indian land/culture/landscape. It focuses on the history of India, partition, women’s voices, culture and society, and science and technology in Indian narratives, documentaries and movies.Special Issue: An Overview“Whatever has happened, has happened for goodWhatever is happening, is also for goodWhatever will happen, shall also be good.”- The Bhagavad-Gita.In the Mahabharata’s Kurukshetra battlefield, Lord Krishna counsels Arjuna on how everything that happens, regardless of whether it is good or bad, happens for a reason.Indian Literature: Past, Present and Future portrays the glorious/not-so-glorious times in history, the ever-changing crisis/peace of contemporary and hope for an unpredictable future through India’s literary and visual narratives. It focuses on comparison across cultures, technological advancements and diverse perspectives or approaches through the work of art produced in/on India. It projects India’s flora, fauna, historical monuments and rich cultural heritage. It illustrates how certain beliefs and practices come into existence – origin, evolution and present structure from a historical perspective. Indian Literature: Past, Present and Future gives a moment to recall, rectify and raise to make a promising future. This collection attempts to interpret various literary and visual narratives which are relevant at present.The Epics Reinterpreted: Highlighting Feminist Issues While Sustaining Deep Motif, examines the Women characters in the Epics – Ramayana and Mahabharata. It links the present setting to the violence against women described in the Epics Carl Jung’s archetypes are highlighted in a few chosen characters (Sita, Amba, Draupati). On one note, it emphasises the need for women to rise and fight for their rights.Fictive Testimony and Genre Tension: A Study of ‘Functionality’ of Genre in Manto’s Toba Tek Singh, analyses the story as a testimony and Manto as a witness. It discusses the ‘Testimony and Fictive Testimony’ in Literature. It explains how the works are segregated into a particular genre. The authors conclude that the testimony is to be used to understand or identify with the terror.Tangible Heritage and Intangible Memory: (Coping) Precarity in the select Partition writings by Muslim Women, explores the predicament of women during the Partition of India through Mumtaz Shah Nawaz’s The Heart Divided (1990) and Attia Hosain’s Sunlight on a Broken Column (2009). It addresses ‘Feminist Geography’ to escape precarity. It depicts a woman who is cut off from her own ethnic or religious group and tries to conjure up her memories as a means of coping with loneliness and insecurity.Nation Building Media Narratives and its Anti-Ecological Roots: An Eco-Aesthetic Analysis of Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan, analyses the post-Partition trauma in the fictional village, Mano Majra. It illustrates the cultural and spiritual bond between Mano Majrans — the inhabitants of Mano Majra — and nature (the land and river). It demonstrates how the media constructs broad myths about culture, religion, and nation. According to the authors, Mano Majrans place a high value on the environment, whilst the other boundaries are more concerned with nationalism and religion.Pain and Hopelessness among Indian Farmers: An Analysis of Deepa Bhatia’s Nero’s Guests documents the farmers’ suicides in India as a result of debt and decreased crop yield. The travels of Sainath and his encounters with the relatives of missing farmers have been chronicled in the documentary Nero’s Guests. It uses the Three Step Theory developed by David Klonsky and Alexis May and discusses suicide as a significant social issue. The authors conclude that farmers are the foundation of the Indian economy and that without them, India’s economy would collapse. It is therefore everyone’s responsibility—the people and the government—to give farmers hope so that they can overcome suicidal thoughts.The link between animals and children in various cultures is discussed in The New Sociology of Childhood: Animal Representations in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Garden in the Dunes, Amazon’s Oh My Dog, and Netflix’s Mughizh: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. It examines the chosen works from the perspectives of cross-cultural psychology and the New Sociology of Childhood. It emphasises kids as self-sufficient, engaged, and future members of society. It emphasises universal traits that apply to all people, regardless of culture. It acknowledges anthropomorphized cartoons create a bond between kids and animals.Life in Hiding: Censorship Challenges faced by Salman Rushdie and Perumal Murugan, explores the issues sparked by their writings. It draws attention to the aggression and concerns that were forced on them by the particular sect of society. It explains the writers’ experiences with the fatwa, court case, exile, and trauma.Female Body as the ‘Other’: Rituals and Biotechnical Approach using Perumal Murugan’s One Part Woman and Matrubhoomi: A Nation Without Women, questions the society that limits female bodies for procreation and objectification. It talks about how men and women are regarded differently, as well as the cultural ideals that apply to women. It explains infertility, which is attributed to women, as well as people’s ignorance and refusal to seek medical help in favour of adhering to traditional customs and engaging in numerous rituals for procreation.Life and (non) Living: Technological and Human Conglomeration in Android Kunjappan Version 5.25, explores how cyborgs and people will inevitably interact in the Malayalam film Android Kunjappan Version 5.25. It demonstrates the advantages, adaptability, and drawbacks of cyborgs in daily life. It emphasises how the cyborg absorbs cultural and religious notions. The authors argue that cyborgs are an inevitable development in the world and that until the flaws are fixed, humans must approach cyborgs with caution. The Challenges of Using Machine Translation While Translating Polysemous Words, discusses the difficulty of using machine translation to translate polysemous words from French to English (Google Translate). It serves as an example of how the machine chooses the formal or often-used meaning rather than the pragmatic meaning and applies it in every situation. It demonstrates how Machine Translation is unable to understand the pragmatic meaning of Polysemous terms because it is ignorant of the cultures of the source and target languages. It implies that Machine Translation will become extremely beneficial and user-friendly if the flaws are fixed.This collection of articles progresses through the literary and visual narratives of India that range from historical events to contemporary situations. It aims to record the stories that are silenced and untold through writing, film, and other forms of art. India’s artistic output was influenced by factors such as independence, partition, the Kashmir crisis, the Northeast Insurgency, marginalisation, religious disputes, environmental awareness, technical breakthroughs, Bollywood, and the Indian film industry. India now reflects a multitude of cultures and customs as a result of these occurrences. As we examine the Indian narratives produced to date, we can draw the conclusion that India has a vast array of tales to share with the rest of the world.Guest Editorial BoardGuest Editor-in-ChiefDr. Bhuvaneswari R, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai. She has pursued her master’s at the University of Madras, Chennai and doctoral research at HNB Central University, Srinagar. Her research areas of interest are ELT, Children/Young Adult Literature, Canadian writings, Indian literature, and Contemporary Fiction. She is passionate about environmental humanities. She has authored and co-authored articles in National and International Journals.Guest EditorsCynthiya Rose J S, Assistant Professor (Jr.), School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai. Her research interests are Children’s Literature, Indian Literature and Graphic Novels.Maria Baptist S, Assistant Professor (Jr.), School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai. His research interests include Crime/Detective fiction and Indian Literature.MembersDr. Sufina K, School of Science and Humanities, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IndiaDr. Narendiran S, Department of Science and Humanities, St. Joseph’s Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

The commented translation of a chapter from the Chāṅgiā rukh (Against the Night) autobiography (2002) by Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Indian writer, poet, translator, journalist, and social activist, brings forward episodes from the life of Dalit inhabitants of a Punjab village in the 1960–1970s. Following the school of hard knocks of his childhood in the chamar quarter of Madhopur, a village in Jalandhar district, Balbir Madhopuri managed to receive a good education and take to literature. He has authored 14 books, including three volumes of poetry, translated 36 pieces of world literary classics into Punjabi, his mother language, and edited 44 books in Punjabi. In 2014, he was awarded the Translation Prize from India’s Sahitya Academy for his contribution to the development and promotion of Punjabi. His new fiction novel Miṭṭī bol paī (Earth Has Spoken, 2020) focuses on the struggle of downtrodden Punjabis for their human rights and the ad-dharam movement in the North of India in the 1920–1940s. Narrating his autobiography, Balbir Madhopuri shares memories, thoughts, and emotions from childhood and youth days that determined his motivations to struggle against poverty, deprivation, and injustice. The chapter Tikḍe šīše kī vyathā (The Tale of the Cracked Mirror [Madhopuri, 2010]) tells readers about the everyday life of Madhopur, complicated relationships between the village inhabitants, as well as about the destinies of low-caste Punjabis. Memories of joys and sorrows, hopes and fears of the childhood years go side by side with Balbir Madhopuri’s reflections on social oppression and caste inequality that remain in contemporary India’s society.

The commented translation of a chapter from the Chāṅgiā rukh (Against the Night) autobiography (2002) by Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Indian writer, poet, translator, journalist, and social activist, brings forward episodes from the life of Dalit inhabitants of a Punjab village in the 1960–1970s (Pic. 1, 2, 3). Following the school of hard knocks of his childhood in the chamar quarter of Madhopur, a village in Jalandhar district, Balbir Madhopuri managed to receive a good education and take to literature. He has authored 14 books including three volumes of poetry, translated 36 pieces of world literary classics into Punjabi, his mother language, and edited 44 books in Punjabi. In 2014, he was awarded the Translation Prize from India’s Sahitya Academy for his contribution to the development and promotion of Punjabi. His new fiction novel Miṭṭī bol paī (Earth Has Spoken, 2020) focuses on the struggle of downtrodden Punjabis for their human rights and the ad-dharam movement in the North of India in the 1920–1940s. This novel brought him a prestigious international award for excellence in Punjabi fiction, the Dhahan Prize, in 2021. Narrating his autobiography, Balbir Madhopuri shares memories, thoughts, and emotions from childhood and youth days that determined his motivations to struggle against poverty, deprivation, and injustice. The first of the two translated chapters, Dillī ke lie ravāngī (Departure for Delhi [Madhopuri, 2010], describes the atmosphere of the 1980s — the times of an undeclared terrorist war in Punjab when Sikh secessionists struggled for establishing an independent Khalistan state in India. Looting, raping, killing, setting off bombs in buses and trains, and taking civilian hostages became a sad reality that forced many Punjabis to leave their homes forever. In the final chapter of the book, Kirāyedārī kī lānat (Being a Tenant), Balbir Madhopuri reflects on the issues of social oppression and caste inequality that remain in the contemporary society and tells readers about the most difficult initial period of his life in India’s cosmopolitan capital.

the social conditions of Indians as Native Americans for the treatment of white people who are immigrants from Europe in America. This research explores aspects of the reality of Indian relations with European immigrants in America that have an impact on discriminatory actions against Indians in John Steinbeck's novel The Pearl. Social facts are traced through fiction as part of the genetics of literary works. The research method used is genetic structuralism, a literary research method that traces the origin of the author's imagination in his fiction. The imagination is considered a social reality that reflects events in people's lives. The research data consist of primary data in the form of literary works, and secondary data are some references that document the background of the author's life and social reality. The results of this research indicate that racist acts as part of American social facts are documented in literary works. The situation of poor Indians and displaced people in slums is a social fact witnessed by John Steinbeck as the author of the novel The Pearl through an Indian fictional character named Kino. Racism is an act of white sentiment that discriminates against Native Americans, namely the Indian community.

This thesis discusses the forms of postcolonialism that operate within a family, through the novel "The God of Small Things'' by Arundhati Roy (2008). The study method used is Text Analysis. The objective of this study is to prove that The God of Small Things is a way the author highlights issues of postcolonialism, female discrimination, and the implementation of the caste system that is still strong in India. The theory used in this study is the Subaltern Theory by Gayatri Spivak (2021). Results of the analysis shows that families can become strategic environments for patterns of power relation to thrive and become a unit in the structure of colonialism in India. The author describes that female figures in novels such as Mammachi, Esta, and Ammu, have a subaltern position within the family. As a result, this novel is a critique of the author's held values about colonialism, caste and patriarchy that has not diminished in Indian society after the end of colonialism.

Sea of Poppies is a historical novel based on human being's survive and fulfilment of dream. The novel is divided into three main parts, first one is land, second one is river and third one is sea, in which the whole novel is chronologically weave with the fulfilment of dream. The chief character in this novel is Deeti, a village married woman of India, who dreamed to travel in an ample vessel, quenched her desire in an unprecedented situation. One day, she saw a big ship sailing on the ocean, which she had never seen earlier even in her dream. Sea of Poppies is a meditation in the guise of a novel, but such is the author's meticulousness in matters of research, and so firm is his grasp of the unexplored underbelly of the British Empire. Ghosh is the author of ten highly acclaimed works of fiction and non-fiction which include the booker- prize shortlisted Sea of Poppies. The novel, Sea of Poppies, told the history of Indian society, opened in 1838, on the eve of first opium war, the novel divided into three parts, Land, Water and Sea. The first part narrated the condition of the protagonist that made able to reach near the ship. The first part also described the economic and social states of the Indian society. The second part invited the characters to join the ship and being ready for their voyage to abroad. The third part, allowed the characters to sail for their new life in Mauritius. Sea of Poppies, shows the chronicle of dreams through the eyes of an Indian village woman, named Deeti, in a different circumstances. The novel depicted the nascent desire of female protagonist, to fulfill her dream. She lived her life as a common Indian house lady, and left her village in an unpredicted situation that visualized the 19th and 20th century’s condition of Indian society. The novel, breaks the doors of caste description and colonialism, and reveals the new way of life, seeking freedom in a different condition.

The commitment to community shared by Native American authors such as N. Scott Momaday, James Welch, and Louise Erdrich is partially evinced by each author's readiness to inscribe in novel form the values and traditions of the tribal community or communities with which he/she is closely associated. Many students of the novel will attest to its pliant, sometimes transmutable nature; nevertheless, as this study attempts to make clear, there are some reasons why Native American authors should reconsider using the novel as a means to express their tribal communities' values and traditions. Unambivalent prescriptions, however, seem more suited to the requirements of law or medicine; and so this study also examines some of the reasons why Native American authors should continue to embrace this relatively "new" art form persistently termed the novel.

AbstractEverywhere humans interact, there is language: in schools and government offices, in songs and stories, in celebrations and mourning. Through language we learn, discuss, and move to address the social and global issues that affect us. This chapter is co-authored by faculty and students, many of whom have expertise in linguistics, the scientific study of human language. While some of our work is abstract, we also care deeply about the human context of language. We often engage with questions such as the following: Who decides which languages are used to create resources? How do forcibly displaced people find information about novel threats like Covid-19? And, crucially, how can we use our expertise to respond to the language-related needs of such a community?

The marital ideal that made it difficult for Grace Chisholm Young (1868-1944) to maintain an independent professional life was that of the "helpmate wife” who advanced her husband’s career. A graduate of Girton College and the first woman to defend a thesis and earn a doctorate in mathematics in Germany, Grace Chisholm was a mathematician in her own right when she married her former college tutor, William Henry Young (1863-1942), in 1896. After they moved to Europe with their infant son, Will encouraged Grace to fulfill her longstanding desire to study medicine, instead of continuing to work with him on pure mathematics. She remained in Germany with their two children while he divided his time between Germany and teaching jobs in Britain. Soon Grace was doing mathematics with Will as well as medicine, and also caring for their growing family (four more children were born between 1901 and 1908). Their partnership, which never fully acknowledged her contribution, established Will as a highly creative mathematician in the early 1900s. Over the next two decades, the Youngs produced several books and over two hundred articles, but Will took public credit for their joint work. Grace willingly assumed the role of junior, mostly anonymous, and distinctly subordinate partner in the Youngs’ collaboration. Her role in their professional partnership mirrored her role in their domestic partnership, and reflected their assessment of their respective talents: he was a late-blooming genius while she was merely talented. They agreed that helping him was more important than anything she could do on her own. Nevertheless, Grace refused to give up her medical training -- an aspect of her life that has not been adequately explored until now. Will encouraged her interest in medicine, but simultaneously pressured her to devote more time to helping him with mathematics. Grace never became a licensed doctor, but she eventually completed all the required coursework, despite the seemingly impossible demands on her time. She also published two children’s books about science, penned stories for her own children, wrote poetry, and authored an historical novel about Elizabethan England that was never published. When Will was teaching in India from 1914 to 1916, Grace wrote a series of papers under her own name that established her independent reputation in pure mathematics. Although she found it increasingly difficult to be Will’s self-sacrificing helpmate, especially after he retired, she continued to cultivate her image as a devoted, helpmate wife who advanced her husband’s career. But she silently rebelled, and her notebooks, pocket diaries, and the poetry she wrote in the 1930s record her disillusionment and suppressed anger.

Abstract Thanks to the World Wide Web, readers from all over may now converse, even in “real time, “ with authors in India and elsewhere. The shorthand style and the cryptic pseudonyms of e-mail obscure identities and locations. Thus Pankaj Mishra, the young Indian journalist, literary critic, and author of a first novel, The Romantics, fielded random questions from Delhi on a Saturday in February 2000, in a chat room sponsored by Rediff Music Shop.

Abstract Despite The Import A”< c E (l F N. Scott Momaday’s Pulitzer Prize for House Made of Dawn in 1969, no American Indian author has achieved such immediate and enormous success as Louise Erdrich with her first novel, Love Medicine. A best-seller, Love Medicine not only outsold any previous novel by an Indian author, but it also gathered an impressive array of critical awards, including the National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction in 1984, the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters award for best first novel, the Virginia McCormack Scully Prize for best book of 1984 dealing with Indians or Chicanos, the American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation, and the LA. Times award for best novel of the year.

This chapter examines the variety of diseases, illnesses and medical conditions represented throughout Anglo-Indian fiction and the ways in which these authors use medicine as a means of engaging with the history of the British Empire in India. Grounding the book’s critical medical humanities approach, the chapter argues that fictional imaginings of India published in this period continually configure British presence in relation to illness and the perennial risk to health; beyond the recurrent use of illness as a narrative device, the metaphor and idiom of post-Imperial fiction are repeatedly expressed in medicalised terms throughout the work of the authors under study. The chapter is divided into three sections, engaging with J. G. Farrell’s conceptual exploration of medicine, Paul Scott’s focus on the embodied experience of illness, and Ruth Prawer Jhabvala’s representation of mental health.

This chapter examines R.K. Narayan's novel The English Teacher as a narrative of caste erasure. As he goes on to construct his “authentic,” “brahminical” India, he effectively erases caste-others by creating an exclusive, selective imaginary of Indian nation as upper-caste. This construction requires caste erasure and suppression of “queerness” that constantly poses a threat to caste-based ideological formulations of Indian society as brahminical, Hindu, and hetero-normative. Through the close reading of the text, the author shows that caste not only damages Dalits, but it makes a deleterious impact on the upper castes and by extension on the whole Indian society.

India's revolutionary writer of the 20th century, Mulk Raj Anand, altered the way people wrote and thought about Indian fiction. Prior to him, novelists who had created fiction tended to focus on the idealized and romantic aspects of life. The problems in society were less in number. The field of fiction writing underwent a transformation thanks to the writing of Mulk Raj Anand. For the benefit of the underprivileged and untouchables, he penned the novels. Through his works, he addressed problems such as casteism, capitalism, feudalism, colonialism, and imperialism. He confronts one of the main social ills in Indian society—a stain on Indian society, culture, and legacy that has colonised 85% of the population—in Untouchable, a topic that has gone unaddressed by other authors. The Indian people's inventiveness has suffered because of this sensibility. Untouchability and casteism are stains on humanity's good name. Anand appears to be standing up for the untouchables' and oppressed peoples' rights to justice, equality, and freedom. In colonial and post-independence India, he worked to advance basic human rights and needs. Among all essential rights, he believed that respect for human dignity was the most important. The main character, Bakha, harboured grudges but suppressed them out of caste-related dread. Every untouchable person in India is symbolised by the Hindu god Bakha.

Chapter 3 begins the book’s examination of the interactions between literature and the neoliberal script. It analyses bestselling author Chetan Bhagat’s The 3 Mistakes of My Life (2003) alongside lesser-known writer Parinda Joshi’s Made in China (2019)—both examples of a popular subgenre of the Indian English novel that, since the 2000s, has attracted a significant domestic audience, been frequently adapted to Hindi cinema, and contributed to a publishing boom within India. Underlying Bhagat’s and Joshi’s narratives is a common arc that traces the professional and ethical maturation of a small-town businessman from Gujarat (a potent site of capitalist mythology in India). Together with their filmic adaptations [Kai Po Che (Dir. Abhishek Kapoor, 2013) and Made in China (Dir. Mikhil Musale, 2019)], these bildungsromane illustrate vividly how the neoliberal script and its fantasy of a mature as well as socially just capitalism has travelled across the Indian public sphere and impressed upon the consciousness of large sections of the middle class.

Literature has an unrivalled ability to support and shape society. The representation of reality and reflection of society in literary fictions are two overlapping concepts. Literature depicts the culture, society, politics, economics and spiritual broadening of a society. Culture is mainly a civilization of a society that includes beliefs, customs, traditions and philosophy which are considered important for the development of human being. India is a multicultural land with strong belief and customs. In India women play an important role in performing and following the culture of their society. The women who are displaced from their homeland either due to force, marriage, migration or for seeking higher opportunities suffer the dilemma of cultural crisis. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni who is the most prominent Indian - American author pens the position and identity of the immigrant characters and focuses on the study of culture in her works. She is a perfect voices and interpreter of cross culturalism. The present paper focuses on the cultural issues in the selected novels of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni. In her novels, she focuses on the concept of culture studies and traces the cultural crisis, beliefs and customs faced by the immigrant women in an alien land. She profoundly handles the issues of the Indian women immigrant who struggle to assimilate themselves into an alien land. The science of literature makes the identity for the cultural, economic, social, political and linguistics dimensions of Indian people.

This chapter will give the reader a broad overview of mindfulness through the lens of various religions which are practiced in India. Religion provides a framework for their beliefs, customs, and social behavior. So, this chapter will guide religious people in taking insights from their scriptures about mindfulness and try to implement them in their professional and personal lives to deal with various psychological issues. Additionally, the chapter will serve key managerial position holders in organizations and therapists with extremely religious patients and researchers whose interest lies in the field of Indian Psychology to understand how to help different religious clients with these practices. The authors opted for an integrative literature review approach in order to combine existing secondary data and establish novel views.

Sinful Exotics of A. V. Novák Literary image of a journey to Asie in 1926–1927 Traveller and writer Archibald Václav Novák (1895–1979) rose to fame in the 1920s as the author of popular nov els and short stories inspired by a stay in Tahiti and the United States of America from 1919 to 1921. Sucesess of books and lectures allowed Novák to undertake another long journey. From October 1926 to April 1926 A. V. Novák visited Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Malaya, Singapore, Sumatra, Vietnam, Cambodia, China and Japan. After returning home, Novák organized public lectures and published new novels and short stores inspored by the places he visited and the people he met. He also wrote a four-volume travelogue based on his travel diary. On his journey, Novák took not only still photographs, but short movies as well. After the communists took power in Czechoslovakia in 1948, Novák was purged from public life. No longer heralded as either a traveller or a writer, he was virtually consigned to oblivion. It was not until after 2000 that a study of the phenomenon of Czecho slovak emigration to Tahiti kindled renewed interest in him. In 2010, some of Novák’s previously unknown pho tographs were discovered and donated to the Náprstek Museum’s photographic collection, which is a part of the National Museum in Prague. Movies, diaries and the most of negatives by A. V. Novák have not been preserved, but there is a large number of glass slides used as an accom paniment of lectures. Photographic collection and books by A. V. Novák offer a valuable source of information about the non-Europen countries in 1920s and the ways, how they were presented to public in Czechoslovakia.

This paper describes the development and testing of a novel approach to evaluating development interventions – the POInT approach. The authors used Bayesian causal modelling to integrate process and outcome data to generate insights about all aspects of the theory of change, including outcomes, mechanisms, mediators and moderators. They partnered with two teams who had evaluated or were evaluating complex development interventions: The UPAVAN team had evaluated a nutrition-sensitive agriculture intervention in Odisha, India, and the DIG team was in the process of evaluating a disability-inclusive poverty graduation intervention in Uganda. The partner teams’ theory of change were adapted into a formal causal model, depicted as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The DAG was specified in the statistical software R, using the CausalQueries package, having extended the package to handle large models. Using a novel prior elicitation strategy to elicit beliefs over many more parameters than has previously been possible, the partner teams’ beliefs about the nature and strength of causal links in the causal model (priors) were elicited and combined into a single set of shared prior beliefs. The model was updated on data alone as well as on data plus priors to generate posterior models under different assumptions. Finally, the prior and posterior models were queried to learn about estimates of interest, and the relative role of prior beliefs and data in the combined analysis.