Academic literature on the topic 'Indian Army – Organization'
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Journal articles on the topic "Indian Army – Organization"
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Ho, Toh Boon, and Toh Boon Kwan. "The British-led 14th Army in Burma, 1942–1945: The Remarkable Recovery and Successful Transformation of a Military Organization at War." International Journal of Military History and Historiography 37, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683302-03701004.
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The British-led 14th Army was the Indian Army’s principal formation fighting against the Imperial Japanese Army in Burma from 1942 to 1945. Successive defeats in the Far East made the Indian Army the object of disdain, ridicule and scorn expressed by the senior political and military leadership in London. This leadership dismissed their socially inferior Indian Army counterparts as a “second xi”, commanding a second-rate organization comprising “black” troops. The Indian Army, however, had learnt from its earlier mistakes and had undergone a remarkable recovery and successful organizational transformation amidst bitter combat against their Japanese foe. Improvements in leadership, training and morale, tactical innovations, and the brilliant execution of operational strategy helped resolve London’s strategic impasse over the war against Japan. The end result was the greatest Japanese military defeat in history until it was eclipsed by the Red Army’s decisive blow against Japanese forces in Manchuria in August 1945.
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Hooda, Vikas, and Dr Gurvinder Pal Singh. "Financial Literacy for Personal Financial Matters: A Study of Indian Army Officers." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S7 (December 14, 2023): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2723.
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The basic as well as desirable needs of a person for decent survival in today’s materialistic and globalised world demand corresponding financial resources in hand. Irrespective of the profession and societal strata, individuals have their own financial aspirations and challenges. Financial literacy enables a person with understanding of financial terms and concepts besides imbibing skills, consciousness, talent and attitude to take important financial decisions. Military service having peculiar service conditions and limited exposure to financial field further makes it imperative to study the subject for inclusivity as very few studies have looked into financial issues pertaining to military personnel. The main aim of this research paper is to ascertain financial literacy of Commissioned Officers of Indian Army. For the study, 133 serving Commissioned Officers of Indian Army of varying age and length of service constituted the sample. Non-Probability technique of selecting sample has been used for the study wherein Purposive sampling is used to draw responses from the sample units. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect Primary data from serving Commissioned Officers of Indian Army. Detailed analysis has been carried out for the collected data using various tools and techniques in Microsoft Excel and SPSS. The study has brought out that financial literacy levels of serving commissioned officers of Indian Army are high. Though the demographic variables and financial literacy levels of Indian Army officers are not statistically associated, however overall high levels of financial literacy indicate their maturity of thought and quest for learning. Overall, the study outcomes indicate a healthy state for the organization and the Nation in terms of financial literacy of serving Commissioned Officers of Indian Army with respect to personal financial planning.
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Munshi, Anupama. "Impact of HR Policies on Gender Inclusion in Indian Army: An Empirical Study." South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management 6, no. 1 (October 3, 2018): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2322093718796311.
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Inclusion means to have a sense of belongingness, feel valued and respected for the person you are, and getting commitment and support to enable you to give your best. A gender-inclusive diverse workforce is progressively being accepted to contribute significantly towards improved performance of any organization. With this underlying concept, the article attempts to understand the linkages between HR policies and gender inclusion in Indian Army. This study is based on primary data collected from officers of the different branches of Indian Army and the extant literature review. Data has been assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. Proposed empirical article will offer meaningful insight to the policy formulators and the policy executors for improving the existing policies and framing the new HR policies that will help achieve effective gender inclusion.
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Eason, Andrew M. "Religion versus the Raj: The Salvation Army’s “Invasion” of British India." Mission Studies 28, no. 1 (2011): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/016897811x572195.
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AbstractEmerging as a mission in East London in 1865, the Salvation Army quickly became known for its militant and unconventional evangelism on the streets of British towns and cities. Convinced that unrepentant souls were headed for hell, Salvationists employed sensational tactics to attract the attention of the lower working classes. This strategy did not change when the Salvation Army sent a small party of missionaries to Bombay in 1882. They not only arrived in Indian dress but held noisy processions through the city’s streets. While these methods reflected the Salvation Army’s revivalist theology, they brought Salvationists into collision with the colonial authorities. Fearing that the Army’s aggressive and sensational evangelism would lead to religious rioting and reduce the religion of the ruling race to ridicule, the Bombay police arrested the Salvationists on several occasions between September 1882 and April 1883. Although the city’s British residents generally approved of the actions of the police, many Indians and missionaries came to the defence of the evangelical organization, believing that imperial officials had acted unjustly towards the Army’s missionaries. Bolstered by this support, Salvationists repeatedly defied colonial authority for the sake of religious liberty, demonstrating through their words and actions that the Salvation Army could be anything but a benefit to imperial stability and prestige on the subcontinent.
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Alavi, Seema. "The Company Army and Rural Society: The Invalid Thanah 1780–1830." Modern Asian Studies 27, no. 1 (February 1993): 147–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00016097.
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Historians have generally explained the consolidation of Company power in terms of the superior fiscal base which it came to acquire in north India. Bayly argues that in the eighteenth century the ‘commercialisation of royal power’, begun under the Mughals, extended to meet the needs of military organization and growing bureaucratizationof the numerous small polities that succeeded the Mughals. He argues that in this perio Indian merchant capital was redeployed in the search for greater control over labour productivity through control over revenue collections of all sorts; and the unified merchant class met in the new qasbahs and the small permanent markets (ganjs) attached to them. It was here that theinfrastructure for Europea trade in, and ultimate dominion over, India was constructed.1 The efficiency and wide scale on which the Company could exercise and extend the pre-colonial practice of military fiscalism2 has provided another explanation for the dominant position it came to occupy more specifically, in south India.3 Yang highlights the role ofthe Indian elite in facilitating the Company's revenue collection and thereby contributin to its political dominance and stability in the Saran district of Bihar. He constructs a model of'limited Raj', to explain the a free flow of revenue. He analyses the dynamics ofthis 'limited Raj' by explaining its functioning at the lowest level where the power of the colonial state tapered off and the landholders' system of control took over. Yang argues that these two control systems collectively sustained British rule in the region.4 More recently the Company's superior power in north Indian politics has been explained in terms of its exclusive right to violence. R. Mukherjee, analysing the 1857 mutiny, arguesthat 'British rule in India, as an autocracy, had meti meticulously constructed a monopoly of violence. The revolt of 1857 shatteredthat monopoly by matching an official, alien violence by an indigenous violence of the colonised
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Kupriyanov, A. "“Soft Power” of the Indian Navy in the Pandemic Era." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 4 (2020): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2020-4-40-51.
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The article describes and analyzes the activities of the Indian Navy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author looks at the experience of the Indian Navy at the beginning of the pandemic, noting that it mainly consisted of helping the states of the Indian Ocean region affected by hurricanes and monsoons, and evacuating Indian citizens and residents of neighboring countries from areas of hostilities. At the same time, the Indian Navy did not have specialized floating hospitals. The author analyzes the situation in which India found itself at the beginning of the pandemic: a gradual slowdown in GDP growth questioned the further expansion of the Navy, and the outbreak of conflict with China further emphasized the importance of the Air Force and the Army. In these conditions, the Indian Navy was forced to prove its value for the Indian external and domestic policy. The author then describes how the Indian Navy fought COVID-19, concluding that Indian sailors were able to prevent the pandemic from spreading to naval bases and ships. The Navy fully retained its combat capability and was able to take part in two large-scale operations: the “Samudra Setu”and “Sagar” missions. During the former, several thousand people were evacuated from Iran, Sri Lanka and the Maldives, the latter involved providing medical assistance to the population of the Maldives, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mauritius affected by the pandemic. The author notes the high level of organization of both missions, which made it possible to avoid pandemic spreading among the ship crews. He argues that the conduct of Operation “Sagar” allowed India to increase its influence in the Indian Ocean region amid the pandemic and demonstrate its role as a security provider countering unconventional threats. The author then describes the joint exercises carried out by the Indian Navy during the pandemic and notes their significant political role. In conclusion, he analyzes the experience of the Indian Navy using soft power and proposes an original concept of “floating soft power” based on the constant presence of hospital ships in remote regions. In his opinion, this format of presence could also be suitable for projecting Russian interests in the South Pacific.
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Koo, Jaseon. "China's Military Reform under Xi Jinping and the Sino-Indian Border Dispute: Focusing on Organizing Structure." Institute for Historical Studies at Chung-Ang University 57 (December 30, 2022): 307–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46823/cahs.2022.57.307.
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Unlike other civilian leaders, Xi Jinping pushed ahead with sweeping military reforms after taking office as General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. This was a reaction to the situation in which the chairman had not been able to secure control of the military since Deng Xiaoping. Through anti-corruption, Xi Jinping eliminated high-ranking officials who used the military as a tool for personal gain, and tried to eliminate trafficking of official posts and factions within the military. In addition, through structural reorganization, the power of command of the military commander, who had been ineffective, was clarified. The 4 headquarters that interfered with the commander's command system were dismantled and reconstituted as an organization that assisted the military commission. The defense- oriented 7 military districts were also reorganized into 5 theater to prepare for both peacetime and wartime. And the army was established to break the grand army principle, strengthen the status of other forces necessary for modern warfare, and rearrange the composition of troops for them.
The theater is not just a defense system, but a system responsible for operations. Accordingly, the eastern theater was responsible for Taiwan, the southern theater was responsible for the South China Sea and Vietnam, the western theater was responsible for India and Central Asia, the northern theater was responsible for the Korean Peninsula, and the central theater was responsible for the mission of the strategic reserve force. In general, it is evaluated that the risk of war in the Taiwan Strait, which is in charge of the Eastern Front, is the highest. However, the area where the largest number of troops are actually deployed is in the Western Front. There are two group army, as well as Xinjiang and Xizang military district. This is because west operation area is vast and its borders are very long, even though China has continuously pushed for weapon modernization. In addition, India is the only country that China does not have a border agreement with, and continues to confront each other across the LAC. In addition, the region should be responsible for operations in Central Asia in case of emergency. Therefore, west are organizing units and distributing weapons with the possibility of a small-scale armed clash or conflict rather than a large-scale war. In fact, it is judged that the possibility of an armed conflict in this area is much higher than in the Taiwan Strait.
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Coelho, Joanna Pereira, and Ganesha Somayaji. "Fatherland or Livelihood: Value Orientations Among Tibetan Soldiers in the Indian Army." Journal of Human Values 27, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971685821989116.
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The recruitment to military in modern nation states, by and large, is voluntary. Although it is commonly assumed that a soldiers’ job in the army is to fight against the enemies of their motherland, the Indian Army has a regiment of Tibetan soldiers who are not Indians as per the law of the land. Known as Special Frontier Force (SFF), this regiment was until recently a secret wing of the Indian Army. Joining the Indian Army during the heydays of their diasporic dispersal due to the Chinese territorial aggrandizement and Sino-Indian war of 1962, with a hope of direct encounter with their enemies, Tibetans continue to be voluntarily recruited to the now non-secret SFF. As part of the Indian Army, they should be ready to fight the enemies of their host country. In fact, over the decades, they have been requested by India to take part in several military exercises. In the changed international geopolitics, Tibetans in exile may not get another opportunity to fight against their own enemies. The trajectory of the value orientations of the Tibetan soldiers in the Indian Army constitutes the axial concern of this article.
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Sanjeev, Gunjan. "GOONJ – success through innovation." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111183500.
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Subject area Management (interdisciplinary): corporate social responsibility/financial management/social entrepreneurship. Study level/applicability Undergraduate/MBA. Case overview The case revolves around a Delhi-based non-governmental organization (NGO), GOONJ founded by 40-year-old social activist, Mr Anshu Gupta. Winner of several awards, this NGO is trying to highlight some ignored but basic needs of the poor by using the surplus of the cities (supply of discarded commodities: clothes, furniture, toys, waste paper, utensils stationary, etc. due to space constraints and the growing consumerism) to address scarcity of essential commodities to the poor in the rural areas and creating it as a powerful developmental resource. GOONJ has a number of collection centers across the nation through which the old clothes are collected. Thereafter, the clothes are washed, dried, repaired and packed and then reached to the far flung villages with help of partner grassroots NGO, panchayats, Indian army, etc.There are three key issues raised in the case: This NGO has been operating without any formal funding for last many years. With annual expenses over ten million, how does NGO operate so successfully. Also, it is interesting to find out how they are able to maintain cost of just 97 paisa (1 paisa=1/100 rupee) from the time old clothing is collected to the point where it has been delivered to a needy. The second issue about the synergy that is created by the NGO – corporate partnership. Further, this case also gives the audience to explore synergy between NGO and B-schools. To understand the problem areas of distribution management when so many different stakeholders are involved. Expected learning outcomes To explore innovations in resource mobilization (sources of financing) and cost management. To appreciate the synergy created by forming partnerships between different stakeholders: NGO, corporate houses, B-schools. To appreciate issues and problems of distribution management – especially in the case when there are different stakeholders involved.
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Imran, Sumeera, and Mohammad Ali Zafar. "Propaganda Warfare: Indian Disinformation Campaign against Pakistan." Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review VI, no. II (June 30, 2021): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-ii).04.
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Access to sources of information has allowed states to use media as a tool of propaganda warfare. It can be observed that within the South Asian theatre, India and Pakistan are involved in propaganda warfare, spreading disinformation campaigns with the aim to disrepute the other's international image. To understand the techniques of propaganda warfare, Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky's propaganda model provides a befitting conceptual cushion to study propaganda warfare techniques using news media to propagate disinformation. This paper tends to focus on how New Delhi exercises control over news media to portray Pakistan as a failed state, a safe haven for terrorist organizations, installing anti-army information, building war hysteria in South Asia, and targeting Pakistan's stance on Kashmir and Balochistan. The paper argues that Indian news media has become a tool in the hands of the Indian political elite in generating false propaganda against Pakistan.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Indian Army – Organization"
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Harvey, Conrad E. "An Army without doctrine the evolution of US Army tactics in the absence of doctrine, 1779 to 1847 /." Fort Leavenworth, KS : US Army Command and General Staff College, 2007. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA471336.
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Thesis (M. of Military Art and Science)--U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 2007."A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Military Art and Science, Military History." Title from cover page of PDF file (viewed: May 29, 2008).
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Tyagi, Jayanti. "Lord curzon and re-organization of Indian Army." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5531.
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Sacco, Nicholas W. "Kindling the Fires of Patriotism: The Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Indiana, 1866-1949." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5518.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Following the end of the American Civil War in 1865, thousands of Union veterans joined the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), the largest Union veterans' fraternal organization in the United States. Upwards of 25,000 Hoosier veterans were members in the Department of Indiana by 1890, including President Benjamin Harrison and General Lew Wallace. This thesis argues that Indiana GAR members met in fraternity to share and construct memories of the Civil War that helped make sense of the past and the present. Indiana GAR members took it upon themselves after the war to act as gatekeepers of Civil War memory in the Hoosier state, publicly arguing that important values they acquired through armed conflict—obedience to authority, duty, selflessness, honor, and love of country—were losing relevance in an increasingly industrialized society that seemingly valued selfishness, materialism, and political radicalism. This thesis explores the creation of Civil War memories and GAR identity, the historical origins of Memorial Day in Indiana, and the Indiana GAR's struggle to incorporate ideals of "patriotic instruction" in public school history classrooms throughout the state.
Books on the topic "Indian Army – Organization"
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Foundation, Observer Research, ed. Indian Army, vision 2020. New Delhi: HarperCollins Publishers, India a joint venture with the India Today Group, 2008.
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Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses., ed. Composition and regimental system of the Indian Army: Continuity and change. Delhi: Shipra Publications, 2008.
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Office, General Accounting. Internal controls: Bureau of Indian Affairs' Section 638 contracts with tribal organizations : fact sheet for the chairman, Special Committee on Investigations, Select Committee on Indian Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.
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Saxena, K. M. L. The military system of India, 1900-1939. New Delhi: Reliance Pub. House, 1999.
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Office, General Accounting. Internal controls: Status of Army efforts to control contractor access to the DOD supply system : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.
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Medha, Bisht, ed. Contemporary issues in South Asia: Documents. New Delhi: Shipra Publications, 2009.
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Medha, Bisht, ed. Contemporary issues in South Asia: Documents. New Delhi: Shipra Publications, 2009.
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Medha, Bisht, ed. Contemporary issues in South Asia: Documents. New Delhi: Shipra Publications, 2009.
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R, Hartpence Wm. History of the Fifty-first Indiana Veteran Volunteer Infantry [microform]: A narrative of its organization, marches, battles and other experiences in camp and prison, from 1861 to 1866, with revised roster. Harrison, Ohio: Published by the author, 1987.
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GOVERNMENT, US. Extradition treaties with Organization of Eastern Caribbean States: Message from the President of the United States transmitting extradition treaties between the government of the United States of America and the governments of six countries comprising the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (collectively, the "treaties") .... Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Indian Army – Organization"
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Roy, Kaushik. "Victory in Mesopotamia." In Indian Army and the First World War, 304–58. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199485659.003.0008.
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This chapter focuses on the aftermath of the Kut disaster and portrays how the British Indian force in Mesopotamia was transformed. The focus remains on command, organization, and technology of the Indian Army in the battlefield and the supporting logistical backup. The interaction between technology, tactics, training, and logistics is emphasized. Under Stanley Maude’s dynamic leadership and supported by large amount of resources from both Britain and India, the Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force emerged victorious over the Ottomans by early 1918. The first section shows the limited and cautious advance of the British Indian force. The second section portrays how the transformed British imperial force conducted deep penetration campaigns against the Ottomans. The last section describes the endgame in Mesopotamia.
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Chhibber, Pradeep, and Harsh Shah. "Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore." In India Tomorrow, 234–44. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190125837.003.0015.
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Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, an Olympics silver medalist and former army officer who has served in counter-insurgency operations, is an unusual politician. He did not enter politics, either working his way through the BJP’s organization or familial connections. Rathore’s entry into politics was smooth - the BJP was looking for newer and non-political faces in its campaign in 2014. He fit the bill. However, it did take him some time to adjust to the workings of Indian bureaucracy and party organization. As an outsider, he is forever seeking to challenge the system and make it better.
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Weddle, Kevin J. "Laying the Groundwork." In The Compleat Victory:, 86–101. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195331400.003.0006.
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This chapter discusses the preparation in Canada for Burgoyne’s expedition south to Albany. It introduces the key British leaders for the campaign including Major General William Phillips, Major General Friedrich Riedesel, and Brigadier General Simon Fraser, and the army’s organization. It also discusses the issues surrounding the use of German troops and Indian auxiliaries. Burgoyne’s overconfidence and disregard of Howe’s letter confirming that he was taking his army to Philadelphia and not up the Hudson River to Albany is covered at length. Finally, the logistics preparation for the campaign and the critical shortage of transport—horses, oxen, and carts—is covered in depth.
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Ray, Ayesha. "The Indian Army." In Institutional Roots of India's Security Policy, 21–48. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198894612.003.0002.
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Abstract This chapter probes the ability of the Indian Army to fulfil its core objectives as India’s premier land-based military service and reviews key themes such as civil–military relations, oversight, and reorganization of the Indian army. It begins with an overview of the army’s core objectives, which have evolved over time in line with with advances in military doctrine and developments on India’s periphery. The army’s objectives can be categorized into three domains: external security, internal security, and nuclear policy. The next section looks at innovations within the army over the past seven decades, particularly pertaining to its organizational structure. The chapter then evaluates the success of the continuous training and skill development on which the army prides itself. An important element of this army’s evolution has involved a debate about the role of women, an understudied subject that this chapter delves into. Finally, it closes with reflections on the human and financial resource challenges the army faces as it navigates the complex domestic and external environment in the twenty-first century.
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Marston, Daniel. "The Culture of the Indian Army, 1900–1947." In The Culture of Military Organizations, 121–54. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108622752.007.
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Sen, Rumela. "Introduction." In Farewell to Arms, 1–29. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197529867.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the central empirical puzzle and the primary theoretical insight of the book. In course of several rounds of interviews, current and former Maoist rebels in North and South India shared that they were not able to quit the insurgent organization even if they wanted to. This was because they feared that they could be killed post-retirement, unarmed and defenseless, by either their former enemies or by their former comrades, while the Indian state would lose nothing for failing to protect them. This creates a problem of credible commitment in the process of surrender of rebels, which, this book shows, is resolved locally by informal exit networks, more proficiently in the South of India than in the North. This chapter also introduces the district-level data on surrender of Maoists and other testimonies from the conflict zone to illustrate the vast regional variation in retirement of Maoist rebels in North and South India.
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Sen, Rumela. "Inside the Insurgency." In Farewell to Arms, 30–68. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197529867.003.0002.
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This chapter presents the entangled historical narrative of the Maoist insurgency in India, its ideological origin, military strategy, organizational characteristics, recruitment mechanisms, and ties to the local communities, with particular emphasis on North-South variation in the dependent and independent variables that concern the book. It analyses the distinct social terrains on which rebels operated in the North and the South, despite being part of the same insurgent organization, united by one ideology and highly centralized command. This chapter also shows how pre-existing local conditions shape patterns and outcomes of insurgent mobilization, leading to robust informal exit networks in the South and scrawny ones in the North.
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Roy, Kaushik. "Manpower Mobilization and Indian Society." In Indian Army and the First World War, 18–70. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199485659.003.0002.
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This chapter analyses the course and consequences of combatant and non-combatant manpower mobilization for the Indian Army during the First World War. The quantum of manpower mobilization by British India has been put in a proper context, by comparing it with other colonies and metropolitan powers. Recruitment of the combatants and the non-combatants is studied within the overall political, social, and military contexts. The pre-combat and in-combat motivations of the recruits have also been taken into consideration. This chapter is a fusion of both social history (which communities were recruited and why) and organizational aspects (changing mechanisms of military recruitment). At times, this chapter also takes on the colour of an exercise in the history of ideas, as the ideological roots of British recruitment policy are analysed.
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Roy, Kaushik. "Defeat in Mesopotamia." In Indian Army and the First World War, 242–303. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199485659.003.0007.
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This chapter grapples with the question whether the defeat of the British Indian Army at Kut was inevitable or not? And India’s responsibility for the disaster at Kut is also considered. This chapter is divided into four sections. The first two sections show that certain innovations occurred as regards tactics and operation in Major General Charles Townshend’s force. While the first section details the initial advance from Basra, the second section shows how the lure of Baghdad gradually pulled IEFD towards its nemesis at Kut. The third section portrays the Siege of Kut. The fourth section shows that the relief column failed to relieve Townshend’s besieged force at Kut, because of logistical cum tactical failure. The failure at Kut was caused due to a mix of organizational–logistical–personal failures and also due to certain shortcomings in the field of tactics–operation.
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Bettez, David J. "Army Camps." In Kentucky and the Great War. University Press of Kentucky, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813168012.003.0007.
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Kentucky had four military camps during the war: Fort Thomas in northern Kentucky, Camp Stanley in Lexington, Camp Taylor in Louisville, and Camp Knox between Louisville and Elizabethtown. Camps Thomas and Stanley dealt primarily with the Kentucky National Guard, while Camps Taylor and Knox became facilities to train draftees. US entry into the war prompted the federal government to establish new cantonments to train millions of men for the military. A rivalry to get one of these camps developed between Louisville and Lexington, exacerbated by newspaper coverage in the Louisville Courier-Journal and Lexington Herald. Louisville received the new cantonment: Camp Zachary Taylor. The camp processed men primarily from Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, many of whom were formed into the Eighty-Fourth Division, known as the “Lincoln Division.” Other training consisted of a Field Artillery Central Officers Training School (FACOTS) and a school for chaplains. Segregated divisions comprised of African Americans were created and officered by white men. At times, the number of men in the camp reached nearly 60,000. Several organizations provided services, including the YMCA, Red Cross, Knights of Columbus, and Young Men’s Hebrew Association. Libraries and “Moonlight Schools” helped combat soldier illiteracy. Toward the end of the war, Camp Knox was developed to provide better artillery range facilities. The new camps vastly boosted the local economies.
Conference papers on the topic "Indian Army – Organization"
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Ningxi, Zhou, and Chen Jian. "Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Magnetic High-Titanium Lunar Regolith Simulant for Geotechnical Engineering Application." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0220.
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ABSTRACT The moon exploration has progressed to the phase of in-situ resource utilization. It is critical to comprehend the unique mechanical response and engineering properties of lunar regolith for successful exploration. Currently, most experimental studies on the mechanical properties of lunar regolith have been conducted on Earth, ignoring the effects of the low-gravity environment of the lunar surface. The geomechanical magnetic model test can simulate the lunar surface's low-gravity environment more accurately using magnetic fields. However, current lunar regolith simulants lack magnetism and cannot meet the requirements of magnetic model tests. To address this, a high-titanium lunar regolith simulant with certain magnetism called IRSM-1 is developed using volcanic ash and titanomagnetite. The new simulant's properties are evaluated, including composition, particle distribution and morphology, magnetic properties, shear strength, and compressibility. The results are compared with published data for lunar regolith samples and widely used simulants. The IRSM-1 simulant is found to have similar composition and geotechnical properties to real lunar regolith. Additionally, the simulant possesses sufficient magnetism to meet the requirements of magnetic model tests. In conclusion, the high-titanium magnetic IRSM-1 simulant displays considerable potential for use in geotechnical engineering applications and may prove instrumental in supporting successful lunar exploration missions. INTRODUCTION Since the start of the 21st century, the strategic significance of the Moon in economic, military, and scientific research has increasingly become more prominent. Humanity is experiencing a renaissance of lunar exploration. The exploration of the Moon and the exploitation of its resources have garnered attention from leading space research institutions worldwide. In 2019, NASA proposed the "Artemis" project, with the aim of establishing a lunar base in 2028. Likewise, in 2021, China and Russia jointly launched the "International Lunar Research Station Roadmap" and the "International Lunar Research Station Partner Guide", officially commencing the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) project. Additionally, Japan, India, Israel, and various other countries and organizations have joined the ranks of lunar exploration. The Moon has emerged as a new focus of space strategies for multiple countries (Pei et al., 2020).